100 IC Mch - .

pdf

i vi ba ebook khc ca chng ti min ph,

Ti: 1-100 Mch Transistor
Ti: 101-200 Transistor Mch
Ti: 50-555 Mch

67 IC MCH nh cc 26-4-2015

1.4MB

Xem NI IN T WEBSITE
email Colin Mitchell: talking@tpg.com.au

GII THIU
y l phn th ba ca chng ti Mch lot e-book. N cha
thm 100 mch. Ln ny, chng ti tp trung vo cc mch
c cha mt hoc nhiu ca IC.
Tht ngc nhin l nhng g bn c th lm vi cc bng bn
dn nhng khi mch tch hp n cng, ton b lnh vc thit
b in t pht n.
IC c th x l c hai tng t cng nh cc tn hiu k thut
s nhng trc khi n, gn nh tt c cc mch u tng
t hoc rt n gin mch chuyn i "k thut s".
Hy gii thch nhng g chng ti c ngha.
Cc analogue t l mt dng sng hoc tn hiu ang thay i
(tng v gim) vi mt tc khng i lin tc hay khng. V
d nh ting ni, m nhc, nhc chung, m thanh v tn
s. Thit b nh radio, TV v tn hiu qu trnh khuch i
tng t.
Sau , k thut s n cng.
K thut s tng t nh mt cng tc chuyn mt ci g
v tt.
u im ca k thut s l hai ln.
Trc ht n l mt cch rt ng tin cy v chnh xc gi
mt du hiu. Cc tn hiu hoc l HIGH hay LOW (ON hoc
OFF). N khng th l mt na-on hoc mt phn t-off.
V th hai, mt mch m l ON, tiu th s tin t nht ca
nng lng trong cc thit b kim sot. Ni cch khc, mt
bng bn dn l hon ton bt v li xe mt ng c, mt
i s tin t nht ca nhit. Nu n hi c bt ON hay gn
nh hon ton c bt, n rt nng.
V r rng l mt bng bn dn m khng c bt tt c s
tiu th khng c nng lng.
Mt bng bn dn c th bin ON y v OFF hon ton
c gi l Switch.
Khi hai bng bn dn c cross-coupled trong cc hnh thc

ca mt flip flop, bt k xung vo mch gy ra n lt v

flop v u ra i cao trn mi xung th hai. iu ny c ngha
l cc mch lm gim mt na xung u vo v l c s m
hay phn chia. N cng l c s ca mt "b nh di ng" nh
mun s t chc mt on thng tin.
Mch k thut s cng gii thiu cc khi nim ca hai u vo
vic to ra mt sn lng cao khi c hai ang HIGH v cc bin
th ca iu ny.
iu ny c gi l "logic" v gii thiu cc thut ng nh
"i s Boolean" (logic Boolean) v "ca."
Mch tch hp bt u vi mt vi bng bn dn trong mi
"chip" v tng ln mini hoc my tnh vi trong mt chip duy
nht. Nhng con chip ny c gi l vi iu khin v mt chip
duy nht vi mt vi thnh phn xung quanh c th c lp
trnh chi tr chi, theo di tim-rate v lm tt c cc loi
vt tuyt vi. Bi v h c th x l thng tin vi tc cao,
kt qu cui cng c th xut hin c tr thng minh v y
l ni m chng ti ang hng: AI. (Artificial Intelligence)
Trong ny IC Mch ebook., Chng ti trnh by khong 100
mch th v bng cch s dng mch tch hp Trong hu ht
trng hp cc IC s cha 10-100 bng bn dn, chi ph t hn
so vi cc thnh phn ring l v mt t nhiu hi ng qun
tr khng gian. H cng tit kim rt nhiu thit k mch v
kh thng xuyn tiu th t hn so vi hin cc thnh phn
ri rc hoc cc thnh phn m n thay th. Trong tt c, h
l mt cch tuyt vi c c mt ci g lm vic vi
cc componentry nht. Mt danh sch ca mt s cc hp ph
bin nht mch (chip) c cung cp cui cun sch ny
gip bn xc nh cc chn v cho bn thy nhng g bn trong
chip. Mt s mch c sn t Talking Electronics l mt b,
nhng nhng ngi khc s phi c mua nh l thnh phn
c nhn t ca hng in t ti a phng. in t l mt
lnh vc rt ln nh vy m chng ti khng th cung cp b
dng c cho tt c mi th. Nhng nu bn c mt truy vn v
mt trong cc mch, bn c th lin h vi ti. Colin
MitchellTALKING IN T. Talking@tpg.com.au

tit kim khng gian, chng ti khng c cung cp

gii thch di dng nh th no cc mch lm vic.iu ny
c cp trong TALKING ELECTRONICS Basic Electronics
Course, v c th thu c trn mt CD cho $ 10,00 (c a
ln bt c ni no trn th gii) Xem website Talking
Electronics cho bit thm chi
tit: http://www.talkingelectronics.com

INTRO THM
Chng ti ni iu ny trc khi gip, chng ti s ni li
ln na: C hai cch tm hiu thit b in t.
Mt l i n trng v nghin cu l thuyt trong 4 nm
v i ra vi tt c cc kin thc l thuyt trn th gii nhng
rt t kinh nghim thc t . Khc l "hc hi trong cng
vic."
Ti khng ni rng mt cch tip cn tt hn l khc, nhng
hu ht nhng ngi am m in t khng phi l "t su"
v nhiu ngi b thuyt phc t thit b in t nhp do
ton hc phc tp xung quanh cc kha hc trng i hctype .
Phng php ca chng ti l lm c vic ny bng cch
tn thnh vic thit k, xy dng, cng trnh xy dng v lp
rp thm ch nhiu hn vi rt nhiu th nghim v khi bn
gp kh khn vi mt vn ton hc, nhn c mt s li
khuyn hoc c v n qua hng ngn cun sch th nghim
min ph trn web .
Bt c ai cng c th thnh cng trong lnh vc ny bng cch
p dng cho cc d n xy dng bn thn. Bn thc s tm
hiu 10 ln nhanh hn bng cch lm iu cho mnh v
chng ti c rt nhiu v d v thit k ca sinh vin trong
giai on u ca s nghip ca h.
V ng ngh rng cc chuyn gia c c n ngay ln u
tin. Nhn vo tt c cc thit b in t k t nhng ngy
u.
Cc pht minh tuyt vi nht n t gn nh "ngi mi"
nh c chng minh bng cch nhn qua "Sng ch mi" trang
web.
Tt c bn phi lm l nhn thy mt con ng cho nhng
tng ca bn v c mt mc tiu m bn c th thm cc
tng ca bn ti "Li pht minh" v bn thnh cng.
Khng c g thnh cng nh thnh cng. V nu bn c mt s
tinh t cho thit k iu, in t s cung cp cho bn mt
cuc sng thoi mi cho phn cn li ca cuc sng ca bn.
Cc th trng l rt hp nhng thit k mi ang n cng
tt c cc thi gian v cc thit b mi lin tc c pht
minh v nhiu hn na lun lun cn thit .
Mt khi bn nhn c qua eBook ny ca "Chips" bn s mun
iu tra vi iu khin v iu ny l khi la chn ca bn s
pht n.
Bn s c th thc hin cc nhim v m bn khng bao gi
ngh rng c th, vi mt con chip nh nh 8 chn v mt vi
trm dng m.
Trong hai tun, bn c th bt u hiu cc m lp trnh cho vi
iu khin v thc hin nhim v n gin nh nhp nhy mt
n LED v sn xut m thanh v u ra thng qua mt nt
bm.
Tt c nhng iu ny c bao ph trn website Talking

Electronics v bn khng cn phi mua bt k cun sch hoc

cc n phm. Mi th u c sn trn web v n ngay lp tc
truy cp. l v p ca web.
ng ngh rng iu ny l xanh hn pha bn kia ca hng
ro, bng cch mua mt cun sch vn bn. H khng
phi. Tt c mi th bn cn l trn web AT NO COST.
iu duy nht bn phi lm l xy dng nhng th. Nu bn
c bt k vn k thut tt c, ch n gin l gi email
cho Colin Mitchell v bt k cu hi s c tr li. Khng c
g c th c n gin v cch ny chng ti m bo bn
THNH CNG. Hng trm c gi gi qua email v sau 5
hoc nhiu email, mch ca h hot ng. l cch chng ti
lm vic. Mt vic ti mt thi gian v cui cng cc li c
tm thy.
Nu bn ngh rng mt mch s lm vic ln u tin n c
bt, bn ang la chnh mnh.
Tt c cc mch cn iu chnh v ci tin v l nhng g
lm cho mt ngi b in t tt. ng b cuc.Lm th no
bn ngh rng tt c cc mch trong cc sch in t c
thit k? Mt s c sao chp v mt s c thit k
t u, nhng tt c c xy dng v iu chnh mt cht
m bo rng h lm vic hon ho.
Ti khng quan tm nu bn s dng bnh m-board, di ng,
bng ma trn hoc hn cc thnh phn trong khng kh nh "t
chim.", mt Bn ch tm hiu khi cc mch c bt v
WORKS!
Trong thc t, kh khn hn bn xy dng mt ci g , bn
s cng m bo n s hot ng khi c xy dng trn mt
bng mch in.
Tuy nhin, mch tn s cao (nh 100MHz FM Bugs) lm khng
thch b tr m v bn phi tip tc xy dng l cht ch nht
c th c c chng hot ng tin cy.
Trong hu ht cc trng hp khc, vic b tr khng quan
trng.
Nu bn ch cn lm theo nhng tng, bn s thnh
cng. Mt vi trong s cc vn c bn cng c cung cp
trong eBook ny, u tin l bng bn dn phc tho:

Transitor
Hu ht cc bng bn dn c s dng trong cc mch ca
chng ti l BC 547 v BC 557. Chng c phn loi l "ph
thng" hoc "ph bin" NPN v PNP loi vi mt nh gi in
p khong 25V , thu 100mA hin ti v t c khong 100.
Bn c th s dng hu ht cc loi bng bn dn thay th
h v y l mt danh sch cc khon tng ng v s
chn:

NI DUNG

Kch hot sau 3 vng

hot ng trong 1 giy
in p iu chnh c cung
c p
bo ng - Trang ch - 2
Ngnh bo ng m thanh - 4 m
thanh m-un COB Alarm 4-Zone V
Cng Bt k T Value Bt k
Resistor Gi trBattery Charger Gell di ng Pin-Low Beeper BFO
kim loi Locatorphanh
Lights (flash 3 ln) bo ng
chng trm bo ng chng trm
4-Zone Clap Chuyn Hng hin ti
20mA CRO - 100 LED CRO hin
Hn ch Dice Domino Effect n
LED Flash cho 20 Giy Gates Gell
Cell Battery Charger Home
AlarmIntercom Knight Rider - Kitt
Scanner Knight Rider cho cao vo
LED cng sut Knock Knock
Doorbell Ladybug Robot LDR xung khi c chiu sng LED
CRO LED Dice LED Zeppelin - mt
tr chi k nng

Logic Gates
Logic Probe - Simple Logic Probe vi
xung di Thi gian hn gi Low-pin
Beeper Mains Detector Mains Tracerd
kim loi - BFO Sc in thoi d vng
in thoi in thoi RingerCnh st
Lights Resistor Colour MLi Mt ng
c -5 Simple BFO kim loi
Locator Simple Logic Probe nng lng
mt tri Tracker hn gi - Long
Duration Transistor Tester - Combo2 Cp Nc Detector Mc nc bm
iu khin Wheel Of Fortune 1.5V n
5V Sc in thoi 2-Ngnh bo trm 4
Bm 4-Zone bo ng chng trm 10
LED Chaser 10 pht v 30 pht hn
gi 10 th hai bo ng20mA Hng hin
ti 100 LED CRO 555

74c14

RESISTOR MU M

Xem in tr t 0.22ohm 22M y mu sc cui ca cun

sch v mt bng in tr
THE 555
555 l khp mi ni. N c th l chip a tn s c s dng v rt d dng s dng.
Tuy nhin, nu bn mun s dng n trong mt "one-shot" hoc mch tng t, bn cn phi
bit lm th no chip s "ngi."
i vi iu ny bn cn bit v cc THRESHOLD UPPER (pin 6) v THRESHOLD LOWER (pin
2):
The 555 c bao ph hon ton trong mt bi vit 3 trang trn website Talking Electronics (xem
ch s tri: 555 P1 P2 P3) Di y l vic xc nh pin cho mi pin: Khi v mt s mch in,
lun lun v 555 nh l mt khi xy dng vi cc chn trong cc a im sau. iu ny s gip
bn ngay lp tc nhn ra cc chc nng ca mi pin:

Lu : Pin 7 l "trong giai on" vi sn lng Pin 3 (c hai u cng mt lc).

Pin 7 "qun" 0v qua cc bng bn dn. N c ko CAO qua R1.
Cung cp in p ti a 16v - 18v
hin ti xp x tiu th 10mA
Output Current tn @ 5V = 5 - 50mA @ 15V = 50mA
Output ngun hin ti @ 5V = 100mA @ 15V = 200mA
tn s hot ng ti a 300kHz - 500kHz Li vi Chip : Tiu th khong 10mA khi ngi trong
mch u ra in p ln n 2.5v t hn so vi in p ng st u ra l 0.5V n 1.5V
trn mt t ngun ln ti 200mA nhng chm ch 50mA

CCH S DNG 555

C rt nhiu cch s dng 55.
( a) a hi n nh - lin tc dao ng
(b) n n - thay i trng thi duy nht mt ln mi xung kch hot - cn c gi l ONE SHOT
(c) Voltage Controlled Oscillator

a hi n nh
tn s u ra ca 555 c th c lm ra t th di y: Biu p dng cho cc mch hi

n nh sau y:

Nhng chi ph t in C qua R1 v R2

v khi in p trn t t 2/3 ca vic
cung cp, pin 6 pht hin ny v pin 7
kt ni vi 0v. Cc phng t in thng
qua R2 cho n khi in p ca n l
1/3 ca cung v pin 2 pht hin ny v
tt pin7 lp li chu k.
Cc in tr u c a vo
ngn chn pin 7 b h hng nh n
qun short 0v khi pin 6 pht hin 2 /
3 in p ng st.
khng ca n l nh so vi R2 v
khng i vo thi gian ca dao ng.

S dng th:
Gi s R1 = 1k, R2 = 10k v C = 0,1 (100n).
S dng cng thc trn th, tng khng = 1 + 10 + 10 = 21k
Vy trn th l logarit 21k l khong gn "1" trn 10k. V mt ng song song vi ng
trn th v ni n i qua cc dng 0.1u, l cu tr li. Kt qu l khong 900Hz.
Gi s R1 = 10k, R2 = 100k v C = 1u
S dng cng thc trn th, tng khng = 10 + 100 + 100 = 210k
Vy trn th l logarit 210k l khong gn u tin "0" trn 100k. V mt ng song song
vi ng trn th v ni n i qua cc dng 1u, l cu tr li. Kt qu l khong 9Hz. Tn s
ca mt mch astable cng c th c lm ra t cng thc sau:

tn s =

(R 1

1.4
+ 2R 2) C

555 tn s astable
R 1 = 1k R 1 = 10k R 1 = 100k
R 2 = 6k8 R 2 = 68k R 2 = 680k

C
0.001

100kHz

10kHz

1kHz

0.01

10kHz

1kHz

100Hz

0.1

1kHz

100Hz

10Hz

100Hz

10Hz

1Hz

10

10Hz

1Hz

0.1Hz

Cc hi n nh n gin s dng mt
in tr v mt t in. Sn lng pin
3 c dng sc v x t in.

Oscillators TN LOW

Nu cc t in c thay th bng
mt in, tn s dao ng s gim. Khi
tn s l t hn 1Hz, mch dao ng
c gi l mt b m thi gian hay
"mch chm tr." 555 s sn xut
chm tr chng 30 pht nhng vi s
chm tr di, thi gian l khng chnh
xc.

555 tr Times:
C

R 1 = 100k R 1 = 470K R 1 = 1M
R 2 = 100k R 2 = 470K R 2 = 1M

10

2.2sec

10 sec

22sec

100

22sec

10 0sec

220sec

470

100sec

50 0sec

1000sec

555 Oscillators astable

Di y l mch hot ng t 300kHz n 30 pht:
(300kHz l ti a tuyt i l 555 bt u hot ng khng bnh vi v n bt thng ca cc
xung tn s cao ny v 30 pht l v di nht bn c th m bo cc chu k s lp li. )

SQUARE WAVE Oscillator

Mt b dao ng sng vung c th c mua t

Talking Electronics cho khong $ 10,00
website Xem: Qung trng sng Oscillator
N c tn s iu chnh c (v settable) t 1Hz
n 100kHz v l mt phn l tng ca thit b
th nghim.

555 n n hay "mt Shot"

Index

50 - 555 MCH

50 555 Mch eBook c th c truy cp trn web hoc ti

xung di dng .doc hoc .pdf N c hn 50 rt th v
555 mch v d liu v vic s dng mt 555.
Mc lc: (hn c thm vo - xem : 50-555 mch)
Hot ng cao Kch hot
ng thp Kch hot
Amplifier s dng 555
B a hi n
Bi-mu LED
Bi-Polar LED Driver
xe Tachometer
Clark Zapper
Nhp chut khng ng u
Continuity Tester
ti Detector
Driving A Bi-mu LED
Driving Mt relay
ch s Flashing
Flashing Railroad Lights
Flip Flop
Chc nng ca mi 555 pin
Hee Haw Siren
High Frequency 555 Oscillator
Lm th no s dng 555
Tng Output Current
Tng Output Push-Pull hin
Inverter 12V n 240V
Bn trong 555
Kitt Scanner
Knight Rider
Laser Ray Sound
Latch
LED Dimmer
nh sng kim sot Screamer Siren
nh Detector
Low Frequency 555 Oscillator
My Gun
Memory di ng
d kim loi
n n 555
Morse Keyer
Mosquito Repellent

One-Shot 555
Organ
Police Siren
xung Extender
B pht - 74c14
PWM iu khin
Railroad Lights (nhp nhy)
Ma Alarm
Thay th 556 vi hai 555 ca
Codes Resistor Colour
Screamer Siren - nh sng
kim sot
Servo Tester
n gin 555 Oscillator
Siren 100dB
Qung trng sng Oscillator
Stun Gun
Thay 555 - Phn 1
Thay th 555 - Part 2
Chuyn tr
Tachometer
ticking Bomb
Nghing Chuyn
cm ng chuyn mch
Toy Organ
Transistor Tester
Kch hot Timer - 74c14
Nhp chut khng ng u
S dng 555
in p Doubler
Than khc Siren
Zapper (Tin s Clark)
Zener Diode Tester
2 pht Timer - 74c14
10 pht hn gi - 74c14
12V n 240V Inverter
100dB Siren
555 Amplifier

ng c PWM
multivibrator - hi n nh
Negative p
thng Closed Kch hot

555 Kit cc thnh phn

555 Pinout
555 sai lm (No-No)
556 kp hn gi
Index

G g chung ca
mch rt thng minh ny ch sn xut mt u ra khi piezo pht hin hai vi nc. N c th c
s dng nh mt ting chung ca knock-knock. Mt hi ng qun tr my tnh c cha tt c
cc thnh phn (hn vo hi ng qun tr) c sn t ni chuyn in t vi gi $ 5.00 cng vi
bu chnh. Email HERE bit chi tit.
Cc mch ch mt mt vi microamp v khi mt vi nc c pht hin bi cc Piezo, cc dng
sng t cc bng bn dn sn xut mt HIGH trn pin 6 v HIGH trn pin 5 lm cho sn lng pin
4 thp i. iu ny rt nhanh chng ph cc 47n v n c thi qua 560k to ra mt xung
ngn ti pin 3.
Cc 47n l ch yu ngn chn ting n vo pin 2. Pin 1 l HIGH qua 2M7 v LOW trn pin 2
nguyn nhn pin 3 n to ra mt xung cao. Cc 47n c thi qua cc it ni b v pin 13 v
khi n i LOW, pin 11 i HIGH v sc cc 10n qua 22k v diode.
iu ny s t mt HIGH trn pin 8 trong khong 0,7 giy v khi mt vi th hai c pht hin,
pin 9 thy mt HIGH v pin 10 i LOW. iu ny s t mt LOW trn pin 12 v mt HIGH trn pin
8. LOW trn pin 12 i vo pin 1. HIGH v LOW trn cng NAND th hai to ra HIGH trn pin 3 v
cng NAND th ba c mt HIGH trn c hai yu t u vo . iu ny lm cho pin 10 LOW v 4u7
bt u tnh ph thng qua cc in tr 2M7. Sau 5 giy pin 12 thy mt HIGH v pin 11 i
LOW.Cc 10n c thi qua 10M v khi pin 8 thy mt LOW, pin 10 mc cao. Cc u ra ngi
HIGH LOW v i trong khong 7 giy.
Index

Led Zeppelin
Mch ny l mt tr chi k nng. Xem y bi vit: LED Zeppelin. Cc b c sn
t ni chuyn in t cho $ 15,50 cng vi bu chnh. Email HERE bit chi tit.
Tr chi bao gm su n LED v n LED nhp nhy m vi tc khong 2 chu
k mi giy. Mt nt nhn l "Operations Control" v bng cch cn thn y nt ng
b vi n LED nhp nhy, dy n LED s dn dn sng ln.
Nhng nhng li lm nh s ngay lp tc dp tt mt, hai hoc ba n LED. Mc
ch ca tr chi l chiu sng 6 n LED vi s lng t nht push.
Chng ti bn c hng ngn cc b dng c. l mt thch thc ln.

Zeppelin D n LED - A Game of Skill

Index

BFO METAL DETECTOR

Cc mch hin th phi i din cho cc gii hn ca s n gin cho mt my d kim loi. N s

dng mt n 4093 quad Schmitt NAND IC v mt cun dy tm kim - v tt nhin l mt switch

v pin. Mt dn t IC1d pin 11 cn phi c gn lin vi mt MW i trn khng, hoc nn c
bao bc xung quanh cc i pht thanh. Nu cc i pht thanh c mt switch BFO, chuyn i
ny ON. T mt in chng thay i nhanh chng trong in p (gi l in khng), bt k s thay
i trong mc logic ti IC1c pin 10 b tr hon trong qu trnh chuyn giao li cho cc chn u vo
1 v 2. iu ny l tip tc tr hon thng qua s chm tr tuyn truyn trong 4093 IC. iu ny
t ra mt dao ng nhanh chng (khong 2 MHz), c chn ca mt i pht thanh MW. Bt k
thay i t cm ca L1 (thng qua s hin din ca kim loi) mang li mt s thay i vi tn
s dao ng. Mc d 2 MHz l ra khi phm vi ca Waves Trung bnh, mt i pht thanh MW s
r nht hi ca tn s ny. Cc cun dy ca cun dy l do khng c ngha l quan trng, v rt
nhiu v c php. Nguyn mu c s dng 50 ln lt l 22 AWG / 30 SWG (0,315 mm)
dy ng trng men, vt thng trn mt 4.7 "/ 120 mm trc y. iu ny sau c bc
trong bng cch in. Cc cun dy sau i hi mt l chn Faraday, c kt ni vi 0V . Mt
l chn Faraday l mt gi cc l thic xung quanh cun dy, li mt khong trng nh cc
l khng hon thnh ton b chu vi ca cc cun dy. Cc l chn Faraday l mt ln na c
bc trong bng cch in. Mt kt ni c th c thc hin cho cc Faraday che chn bng cch
qun mt mnh trn ca dy cng xung quanh n trc khi thm cc bng. L tng nht, cc
cun dy tm kim s c ni vi mch in bng phng tin ca twin-core hoc hnh s 8 cp
microphone, vi mn hnh c ni vi l chn Faraday. My d kim loi c thit lp bng cch
iu chnh cc i pht thanh MW chn ln mt ting ci (mt hi ha ca 2 MHz). Lu rng
khng phi tt c cc cng trnh hi ha tt nht, v mt trong nhng ph hp nht cn phi
c tm thy. S hin din ca kim loi sau s r thay i ging iu ca ting ci. Cc my
d kim loi c n nh tuyt vi, v n s pht hin mt ng xu ln ti 80-90 mm, m i vi
mt my d BFO l tng i tt. N cng s phn bit i x gia kim loi en v kim loi mu
qua mt tng ln hay gim trong giai iu.

Copyright Rev. Thomas Scarborough

Cc tc gi c th lin lc ti scarboro@iafrica.com

Index

SIMPLE BFO METAL LOCATOR

mch ny s dng mt cun dy n v chn thnh phn lm cho

mt chi ph thp locator kim loi c bit nhy cm. N hot ng trn
nguyn tc ca mt b dao ng tn s nhp (BFO).
Cc mch kt hp hai dao ng, c hai hot ng vo khong
40kHz. Vic u tin, IC1a, l mt CMOS dao ng chun vi tn s
ca n iu chnh thng qua VR1.
Tn s ca th hai, IC1b, ph thuc nhiu vo t cm ca cun
dy L1, thay i tn s ca n trong s hin din ca kim loi. L1
l 70 lt 0.315mm dy ng trng men vt thng trn 120mm
ng knh c. Cc l chn Faraday c lm bng l nhm, c
qun quanh tt c, nhng khong 10mm ca cun dy v kt ni vi
pin 4 ca IC1b.
Hai tn hiu dao ng c trn qua IC1c, to ra mt lu
nhp.IC1d v IC1c li nhng m vang piezo trong push-pull thi trang,
qua thc y u ra.
Khng ging nh nhiu b nh v kim loi khc ca loi hnh, nh v
ny l c bit d dng iu chnh. Xung quanh cc thit lp trung
im ca VR1, s c mt tn s nhp n o vi mt null im
gia. Vic nh v cn c iu chnh cho mt lu nhp tn s thp
mt hoc cc bn kia ca null im ny.
Ty thuc vo mt c chn, n s nhy cm vi mt trong hai kim
loi en hoc kim loi mu. Bn cnh vic pht hin cc i tng
di mt t, mch c th phc v cng nh mt b nh v ng.

Index

1.5V n 5V PHONE CHARGER

Nhn vo cc bc nh. Cc mch l n gin. N trng ging nh hai bng bn dn b mt lp
ghp, mt cun cm, diode, t in, in tr v LED.
Nhng bn s b nhm ln.
Mt trong nhng "bng bn dn" l mt b iu khin v ngi kia l mt FET.
Cc b iu khin c cp ngun t u ra ( 5v) ca mch v khi n pht hin khng ti, n tt
v yu cu hin nay rt nh.
Khi p 1v5 c kt ni, iu khin bt u ti t hn 1v5 do cc diode Schottkey v sc t 1u
bng li xe FET v s dng hiu ng flyback ca inductor sn xut mt in p cao. Khi in
p u ra l 5V, b iu khin s tt v ch ti v cc 1u l b iu khin. Khi in p gim trn t
in ny, b iu khin bt trong cc v n gi 1u tnh cho chnh xc 5v. B sc c mua vi
$ 3,00 do , n l r hn mua mt ci v s dng n trong d n ca ring bn. N cng i
km vi dn 4 b chuyn i!

Cc trng hp AA v 4 b chuyn i dn - chi ph: $ 3,00 !!

B iu khin c t trn dy m rng kim tra hot ng ca n.

Cc LED v 1u t in c th c nhn
thy r rng trong bc nh ny.

i khi n l tt hn s dng mt ci g l
c, thay v c gng ti pht minh ra bnh xe. iu
ny chc chn l trng hp vi d n ny. Bn
khng th mua cc linh kin cho cc chi ph ca b
sc in thoi v m rng khch hng tim nng y
.
Cc mch s cung cp 70mA 5V v nu cao hn
hin c rt ra, in p gim nh.
Nhng b sc c nh gi ban u ti $ 30,00 !!
Index

10 ALARM SECOND
mch ny c kch hot trong vng 10 giy thng qua hai ca u tin. Chng to thnh mt
cht gi cho cc b dao ng (to thnh t hai ca tip theo) trong hot ng, li xe loa.
Cc mch tiu th mt vi microamps trong ch tnh v cc tm Touch c th c bt k loi
giy bc trn nm ca hoc mc l yu cu c bo v. Cc 10U ngi trong mt iu kin
khng tch in v khi cc tm c xc ng, in p trn pin 1 git di ng st 50% v lm
cho pin 3 HIGH.iu ny ko chn 5 v 6 CAO v lm cho pin 4 LOW. iu ny s gip pin 3
HIGH, khng c vn nu mt HIGH hay LOW l pin1. Lt v b dao ng v cc 10U bt u
tnh ph thng qua cc in tr 100k. Sau khong 10 giy, in p trn chn 5 v 6 git xung
di 50% in p ng st v pin 4 mc cao. Nu tm Touch khng c xc ng, pin 3 s
i LOW v dao ng s dng
li.

 Index

S DNG REGULATOR P
mch ny cho thy lm th no s dng iu chnh in p chuyn i
mt ngun cung cp 24v n 12v cho mt chip 555. Lu : cc chn trn b
iu chnh (thng c gi l mt b iu chnh 3-terminal) l: IN,
COMMON, OUT v nhng phi ph hp-up vi:. Trong, Common, Out trn
s mch
Nu cc yu cu hin ti l t hn 500mA, mt 100R "an ton in tr" c th
c t trn ng st 24v ngn chn gai lm h hng b iu chnh.

Index

POLICE LIGHTS
Ba mch flash LED tri 3 ln sau cc n LED phi 3 ln, sau lp i lp li. S khc bit
ch l s la chn ca chip.

 Index

LEDS FLASH CHO 20 GIY

mch ny xut pht t mt yu cu t ngi c. N nhp nhy n LED
cho 20 giy sau khi chuyn i c nhn. Ni cch khc, trong 20 giy
ngay sau khi chuyn i c nhn. Cc gi tr s cn phi c iu
chnh c c n flash sut v thi gian yu

cu.
Index

INTERCOM

Mch ny s dng mt bng bn dn n v LM386 khuch i IC to ra mt h thng lin lc cho

php hot ng rnh tay.
Khi c hai micro v loa phng thanh lun c kt ni, mch c thit k trnh nhng phn hi c gi l "hiu ng Larsen".
Cc micro khuch i transistor c 180 giai on chuyn dch v mt trong nhng kt qu u ra m
thanh c thc hin ti cc b thu v sn lng ca n trong giai on hin ti pht. Chng c trn
bi cc 10U, 22u, ni 20k v 2k7 v vy m hai tn hiu gn nh b hy b. Bng cch ny, cc loa s to
mt bn sao m nht ca cc tn hiu nhc ln bng micro.
ng thi, khi c hai nh su tp ca hai n v lin lc c gn vi nhau, tn hiu 180 giai on
chuyn s c chuyn cho khuch i m thanh ca n v th hai m khng suy gim, do , n s
c ti to bng cch ln ting loa ca n.
Cc hot ng tng t s xy ra khi ni vo micro ca cc n v th hai. Khi ni 20k c thit lp
mt cch chnh xc, hu nh khng c u ra s c nghe t loa nhng mt bn ti to m thanh to
v r rng s c nghe thy u ra ca cc n v khc. Cc ni 20k th hai iu chnh m lng.
Index

Kch hot VIA 3 PHONE RINGS

Mch ny ni vi mt ng dy in thoi. Khi in thoi chung cho 3 hoc 4 vng, relay c
kch hot trong khong 1 pht. Nhng nu in thoi chung cho 6 hoc nhiu vng, mch khng
c kch hot.
Cc mch mt t hn 100uA khi trng thi tnh v khi in thoi chung, in p vng c thng
qua pin 1 thng qua cc t 100k v 100n. iu ny gy ra pin 2 i HIGH v tnh hai 100U
electrolytics. Vic h thp 100U ph trong 7 giy v nhng chi ph trn trong 12 giy. Nu in thoi
chung cho ch c 3 vng, pin 4 i LOW v sc cc 100U th ba thng qua mt in tr 47K. Sau khi

thm 7 giy, pin 10 mc cao. Nu cc im dng chung in thoi sau 3 vng, cc 100U thp bt
u x qua 470K v sau khong 40 giy pin 4 mc cao. Cc 100U th ba by gi bt u x qua
470K qua n v tip sc tt.
Nu in thoi chung trong hn 5 nhn, cc 100U u s tnh ph v pin 6 s i LOW v gy pin 8
i HIGH v ngn chn pin 11 LOW i qua diode gating.

Index

NC CP BM CONTROLLER
Mch ny cung cp kim sot mc t ng ca mt b nc.
Cc thanh thp ngn hn l "nc cao" cm bin v cn l "thp nc" cm bin. Khi mc nc nm
di hai cm bin, pin 10 l thp. Nu nc tip xc vi b cm bin cn u ra vn thp cho n khi
cm bin ngn hn l t. Ti thi im ny pin11 i cao v cc transistor tin hnh. R le l trn y
sinh lc v my bm bt u hot ng. Khi mc nc gim cc cm bin ngn hn s khng cn tip
xc vi nc, nhng u ra ca IC s gi cho cc bng bn dn iu chnh ON cho n khi nc gim
xung di mc ca thanh lu hn. Khi mc nc gim xung di cc cm bin cn, u ra ca IC i
thp v bm s dng li.
Vic chuyn i cung cp cho hot ng ngc li. Chuyn i kt ni cc bng bn dn pin 11
ca IC s gy ra cc my bm s hot ng khi xe tng gn nh trng rng v s dng li khi xe tng l
y . Trong trng hp ny, cc my bm s c s dng in vo cc bn cha v khng c
sn phm no .
Lu : Hai thanh thp phi c h tr bi mt hi ng qun tr cch nhit (bng g hoc nha)
nh.Mch ny c th c s dng cng c xe tng phi kim loi, cung cp mt thanh thp th ba c v
cng mt chiu cao nh xe tng c kt ni vi cc tiu cc.
Thm mt bo ng pin 11 s cho bn bit cc xe tng gn nh trng rng.

Index

N PHANH

Mch ny lm cho n phanh nhp nhy mt s ln sau li ON. Cc mch cho thy cch mt MOSFET
hot ng. Cc MOSFET c bt vi mt in p gia cc ca khu v ngun. iu ny xy ra trong mch
khi ca l LOW. Cc MOSFET P-knh c th c thay th bi mt transistor PNP vi vic b sung mt 2k2
gia cc diode v c s, ngn chn cc bng bn dn b h hng khi sn lng pin 3 i LOW. . Tt nht l
cc transistor PNP nn c thay th bng mt transistor Darlington
mch ny ban u c thit k bi:
Ken Moffett
khoa hc Instrumentation
Macalester Cao ng
1600 Grand Avenue
St Paul MN 55.105 moffett@macalester.edu Xem bi vit y : http://www.sentex.net
/~mec1995/circ/motflash.html .pdf ca bi vit

Index

ACTIVE CHO 1 SECOND

Mch ny ang hot ng trong 1 giy sau khi n pht hin mt tn hiu trn c s ca cc bng bn
dn u vo. Chiu di ca kch hot ph thuc vo gi tr ca in tr trn in 10U.
Khi pin 1 i LOW, pin 2 i HIGH v sc cc 10U. Pin 3 i HIGH, pin 4 i LOW v pin 6 i HIGH bt
cc bng bn dn v kch hot relay.
ng thi mt HIGH c thng qua pin 1 gi cho n HIGH.
Pin 2 s c gi LOW v 10U s x qua cc in tr trn n v cui cng pin 3 s i LOW v rle s
tt. Nu mt tn hiu vn cn hin din trn c s ca cc bng bn dn u vo, r le s vn trn y
sinh lc nh cc mch s tnh 10U mt ln na.

Index

THE DOMINO EFFECT

Di y l mt d n vi mt ci tn th v. Thit k ban u c
mua cch y 40 nm, trc khi gii thiu ca micro electret. H s
dng mt tai nghe tinh th.
Chng ti thay th n vi mt mng Piezo v s dng mt quad op-amp
sn xut hai khi xy dng. u tin l mt b khuch i cao t c
c nhng vi milivolt u ra ca Piezo v khuych i n li xe
u vo ca mt chip m. iu ny i hi mt dng sng ca t nht 6v
cho mt ngun cung cp 9v v chng ta cn tng khong 600.
Cc khi xy dng khc ch n gin l mt b m m mt dng sng cao
bin v cung cp cc chuyn du ngon tiu cc n mt t in h cha
(100U in phn). in tch trn t in ny bt mt transistor BC557 v
iu ny c hiu qu c pin nng lng ca b m-chip vi ng st tch
cc thng qua cc dn thu.
Cc chip c ni b hin nay hn ch v mt s cc kt qu u ra c
a n b ba n LED.
Chip thc s l mt truy cp hoc chia v tn s chn ca piezo c chia
cho 128 v chuyn giao cho mt u ra v chia cho hn 8.000 bi sn
lng cao nht-chia n hn ba LED cc dng khc c n v thp hn.
iu ny to ra mt hiu ng rt n tng nh cc n LED c kt ni
to ra mt mn hnh cn bng m thay i theo nhp p ca m nhc.
Cc in p trn ba b khuch i c xc nh bi cc 3M3 v 1M in
p-chia vo op-amp u tin. N sn xut khong 2v. iu ny lm cho sn
lng i HIGH v phi mt 2 pin vi n cho n khi pin ny nhn thy mt
vi milivolt trn pin3. Ti thi im ny sn lng ngng tng ln.
Bt k dng sng (in p) c sn xut bi cc piezo l thp hn so
vi in p trn pin 3 s lm cho sn lng i HIGH v iu ny l lm th
no chng ta c c mt dng sng ln.
Tn hiu ny c chuyn n cc op th hai -amp v bi v in p trn
pin 6 b tr hon mt cht bi cc t in 100n, cng l sn xut tng.
Khi khng c tn hiu c chn ca cc Piezo, pin 7 l khong 2v v pin
10 l khong 4.5v. Bi v pin 9 l thp hn so vi pin 10, sn lng pin 8 l
khong 7.7v (1.3v di ng st cung cp) v y l cao nh u ra s i
- n khng i ton ng st-to-rail.
Cc n LED kt ni vi sn lng loi b 1.7V, 0.6V cng gia cc c s
v emitter v iu ny c ngha l cc transistor khng c bt.
Bt k n LED mu sc c th c s dng v mt hn hp s cung cp
cho mt hiu ng khc nhau.
Nhp vo lin kt trn bit thm chi tit v d n, bao gm c hnh nh
v ghi ch xy dng.

 Index

10 LED Chaser
Di y l mt mch th v m to ra mt xung
ng h cho mt 4017 t mt nhp nhy n
LED.Cc nhp nhy LED mt hu nh khng c
hin ti gia nhp nhy v do cc dng ng h
l thp qua 1k n 22k in tr. Khi nhp nhy, in
p trn ng dy ng h l khong 2v -3v di
mc in p ng st (ty thuc vo gi tr ca
in tr) v iu ny l cho cc chip xem mt
HIGH.

(Mch c thit k trn 2010/09/10 )

Index

WHEEL OF FORTUNE
Di y l mt mch t Vellemann.
Cc mch chm xung gm c ba ca hng u, R3, D1, C2, R4 v C3.
SW1 l p cho mt khong thi gian ngn.
y ph cc 47u v 1u c sc thng qua 100k.
Cc in p trn 1u s tng n khi n t mt HIGH trn u vo pin 11.
iu ny s t mt LOW trn pin 2 v in p trn 1u git cho n khi in p trn pin 11 l mt LOW.
Cc in p dao ng khong mt na in p ng st v n t mt HIGH v LOW trn Pin 11. N

c tnh bi cc 100k v thi ra ngoi theo cc 10 v diode.

Cc HIGH trn pin 2 cho php cc 1u sc pin qua 100k v iu ny dn dn lm gim in p trn 47u.
Khi in p trn 47u ri, thi gian thc hin sc tng 1u v to ra hiu ng lm chm xung. Cui
cng in p trn 1u l khng a mt HIGH v Pin 11 v b ng bng mch.

Index

TRANSISTOR TESTER COMBO-2

Mch s dng mt IC duy nht thc hin 3 kim tra: Kim tra 1: t transistor trong bt k nh hng vo ba
thit b u cui ca mch 1 (pha di, bn tri) v mt n LED mu s pht hin cc c s ca mt bng bn
dn mt PNP mt n LED mu xanh l cy s cho bit cc c s ca mt NPN transistor. Test 2: Bn by gi by
gi dn c bn v cc loi bng bn dn. t transistor trong Test 2 mch (mch trn) v khi bn c trang b
b thu v emitter dn mt cch chnh xc (c l phi trao i hng tim nng), cc n LED mu hoc mu xanh
l cy s tr v chng minh bn c trang b cc bng bn dn chnh xc. Test 3: Cc bng bn dn c th
c trang b trong PHN GAIN. Chn PNP hoc NPN v bin ni n khi n LED chiu sng. Gi tr t c
c nh du trn PCB m i km vi kit. B kit c clip Ezy rng on ln dn ca cc bng bn dn lm cho
n d dng s dng d n. D n cng c mt thm d ti mt u ca hi ng qun tr m sn xut mt sng
vung - thch hp cho tt c cc loi xt nghim m thanh v mt s k thut s th nghim. Chi ph d n: 22,00 $
t Talking Electronics.

 Index

GELL CELL BATTERY CHARGER

Mch ny s sc pin di ng Gell ti 300mA hoc 650mA hoc 1.3a, ty thuc
vo in tr VIN HIN trong ng st 0v. iu chnh ni 5k cho 13.4v ra v
khi in p pin t n mc ny, hin ti s gim xung mt vi
milliamps. Cc gi plug s cn phi c nng cp cho 650mA hoc 1.3a ph
hin hnh. LED ch sc v khi in p pin tng ln, dng chy hin ti
gim. Ti a c hin th bn di v khi n gim xung khong 5%, cc
n LED s tt v hin dn dn gim xung gn nh bng

khng.
Index

SIMPLE LOGIC PROBE

Di y l mt logic Probe n gin s dng mt chip duy nht. Cc mch c thit k cho
ccCD4001 quad cng NOR CMOS v CD4011 cng CMOS NAND. u ra c b rung ng m to ra
mt ting bp khi xung soi LED. Cc buzzer khng phi l mt Piezo-c honh nhng b rung ng c
cha cc thnh phn. N c gi l b rung c in v n c hai cun dy. Cc cun dy chnh ko c
honh li thng qua mt bng bn dn v cun phn hi a gc. Khi cc bng bn dn c bo
ha hon ton, cc thng tin phn hi quanh co khng thy bt k in p cm ng (v hin ti) v cc
bng bn dn bin OFF. Cc hnh ng nhanh chng ca dao ng ny to ra mt ting ht kh chu.

LOGIC PROBE S DNG CD 4001

LOGIC PROBE S DNG CD 4011

Index

10 PHT V 30 PHT TIMER

mch ny quay v tip sc u tin cho bt k khong thi gian c xc nh bi gi tr ca C1 v

R1.Khi rle 1 tt, tip sc 2 lt ON cho bt k khong thi gian c xc nh bi C2 v R2. Khi tip
sc 2 tt, relay 1 lt ON v chu k lp i lp li.
Index

4 BM

mch ny c yu cu bi mt ngi c. Anh mun 4 my bm hot ng mt cch ngu nhin trong tnh n
nc ca mnh. Mt IC 74C14 c th c s dng sn xut 4 mch thi gian vi cc gi tr khc nhau trn-off. Trim
thay th bng cc in tr khi hiu ng mong mun c to ra.

 Index

THI TIMER DI

 c c mt b m thi gian di, chng ta c th to ra mt dao ng, c gi l

mt b dao ng CLOCK, v thc n cho mt s flip-flops. Mt flip-flop l mt hnh thc
ca multivibrator bi-n nh, c dy mt tn hiu u vo s thay i sn lng trn
mi chu k th hai. Ni cch khc n chia (na) cc tn hiu u vo. Khi hai trong s
ny c kt ni trong mt "chui" cc tn hiu u vo chia bi 4. CD4060 IC c 14 giai
on. y cng c gi l ngn Binary v chip cng c gi l mt COUNTER.
Cc vi mch cng c cc thnh phn (gi l cng hoc bin tn) trn chn 9,10 v 11 c
th c dy sn xut mt b dao ng. Ba thnh phn bn ngoi l cn thit sn
xut thi gian ca dao ng. Ni cch khc tn s ca "tn hiu ng h."
u ra ca b dao ng c kt ni (bn trong chip) cc B chia nh phn v mi
giai on i HIGH LOW sau do nhng tn hiu n ang nhn c. Mi giai on tng
gim vi tc l mt na giai on trc v giai on cui cng cung cp s chm
tr thi gian di v n mt 2 13 chu k ng h trc khi i HIGH. Chng ti ch ly t
Q10 trong mch ny v nhng phc tho ca cc chip c cung cp trong cc mch
u ra rt khc nhau c th c s dng sn xut timings khc nhau.
Cc diode trn u ra "n tc" b dao ng v dng n hot ng nh vy vi vic ngh
tip sc hot ng khi thi gian ht.

Index

Ladybug ROBOT
Ladybug Robot di chuyn vi su chn ca n v s dng cc it pht hng ngoi nh i mt ca
mnh trnh chng ngi vt trn ng i ca n. B ra t ng lm cho mt tri bin thi im n
pht hin mt i tng trong ng i ca n. N tip tc di chuyn v pha trc mt ln na khi
khng c tr ngi l trong cch. Xem

Hex Bug trong "200 Mch Transistor" cho mt phin bn bng bn dn ca mch ny.
Index

100 LED CRO

Mch ny to ra mt "du vt" trn mt tp hp ca 100 n

LED, ging nh mt Cathode Ray Oscilloscope. N ch thch
hp cho cc tn hiu tn s thp nh m thanh m cn c th ti
to sng vung tn s thp. Tht th v ni vo microphone v
xem kt qu trn mn hnh.Thm s khuch i m thanh di
y cc u vo ca LM3914 dot / bar Display Driver (
c thit lp dot-mode). xem mt du vt qua trung tm
ca mn hnh. Cc m thanh s tng v gim cc du vt sn
xut mt dng sng.
Nhng hnh nh bn phi cho thy m hnh tc gi.

Cc tnh
nng:. Hng dn la chn quy m thi gian t 120mS
6.5S vi 3 phm vi v thi gian kim sot quy m qut
Qut tc 150k mu mi giy cho tn s ti a hiu qu
ca 15kHz.
Hot ng t mt ngun cung cp duy nht v thm ch c
th c tt mt pin 9V duy nht.
hai quy m in p v mt phm vi in p y b p
cho php o cc tn hiu AC v DC.
Wide cung cp in p u vo t 9VDC n 24VDC v
mt ngun cung cp ti a hin ti ca ch 28mA.

Thng s k thut:

Di y l mt b LED CRO trn eBay. Chi ph l

khong $ 20,00 cho cc b v $ 7,00 bu chnh.
Nhiu hnh nh ca PCB trn eBay.
Mt b dng c rt th v v gio dc tuyt vi
gi tr.

in p cung cp: 9VDC n 24VDC @ 28mA

Time Scales: 125mS-Hz 3.5mS; 4ms-125S; 125S6.5S (Thnh vin c th la chn vi chuyn i slide v
ct-pot)
in p Scales: 0-1V; 0-10V (Thnh vin c th la chn
vi v tr th 2 chuyn i slide)
p Offset: 0.5V vi quy m in p 1X; 5V vi 10X quy
m in p

Index

PHONE Ringer
mch ny cho thy lm th no mt tp hp rt
phc tp xung c th c sn xut thng qua mt
mch rt n gin.
Cc CD4060B IC sn xut ba loi xung. Preset VR1
l tinh chnh c c xung 0.3125Hz ti pin 3 ca
IC1. ng thi, cc xung c th t c t pin 1 s
l 1,25 Hz v 20 Hz ti pin 14. Ba chn ra ca IC1
c kt ni vi thit b u cui c s ca
transistor T1, T2, T3 v qua in tr R1, R2, R3 v,
tng ng.
Lm vic vi mt built-in-Dao ng loi piezo
buzzer to v giai iu 1kHz. Trong mch ny, ci

piezo-buzzer c 'bt' v 'off' 20 Hz cho m

thanh nhc chung bng transistor T3. Xung 20Hz
c th t c cc b thu ca transistor T3 cho
thi gian 0,4 giy. Ch sau mt khong thi gian 0,4
giy, xung 20Hz tr li c th t c cho mt
khong thi gian 0,4 giy. Tip theo l hai giy ca
khng gian m thanh. Sau cc m hnh xung lp
i lp li ca chnh n.

Index

KNIGHT RIDER
Trong Knight Rider mch, 555 l dy nh mt dao ng. N c th c iu chnh cung cp
cho cc tc mong mun cho hin th. Cc u ra ca 555 c kt ni trc tip n u vo
ca mt Johnson Counter (CD 4017). Cc u vo ca b m c gi l ng CLOCK.
10 kt qu u ra Q 0 n Q 9 tr thnh hot ng, mt ti mt thi im, trn cc cnh tng ca
dng sng t 555. Mi u ra c th cung cp khong 20mA nhng mt LED khng nn kt ni
vi cc u ra m khng c mt in tr c b hn ch (330R trong mch trn).
Cc kt qu u ra 6 u tin ca chip c kt ni trc tip vi 6 n LED v nhng "di chuyn"
qua mn hnh. Cc kt qu u ra 4 tip theo di chuyn hiu qu theo hng ngc li v lp i
lp li chu k. Cc hnh nh ng trn cho thy nhng tc ng xut hin trn mn hnh.
S dng su n LED 3mm, mn hnh hin th c th c t pha trc ca mt chic xe m
hnh cung cp cho mt hiu ng rt thc t. Cc kt qu tng t c th c a n cc
bng bn dn li xe sn xut mt phin bn ln hn ca mn hnh.

The Knight Rider mch l c sn nh l mt b cho t hn $ 15,00 cng vi bu

chnh nh Kitt Scanner. Di y l mt mch Knight Rider n gin bng
cch s dng in tr li xe cc n LED. Mch ny tiu th 22mA trong khi
ch cung cp 7mA cho mi LED. Cc u ra "chin u" vi nhau thng qua cc
in tr 100R (tr u ra Q0 v Q5).

Mch ny a 11 n LED vi mt hiu ng cross-over:

KNIGHT RIDER CHO LEDS HIGH-POWER (khng i hin hnh)

Mch ny cung cp lin tc hin nay cho n LED cng sut cao. in p pin cho mt chic xe c
th dao ng t 11V n gn 16v, ty thuc vo ph nh nc-of-v RPM ca ng c.
Mch ny cung cp lin tc hin nay cc n LED khng qua hng.

KNIGHT RIDER "RUNNING HOLE" EFFECT

 Index>

Vt n
Mt nam chm trn tu Chng kch hot cng tc TRIGGER sy bt h phch LED trong mt
thi gian xc nh bi gi tr ca cc 10U u tin v 47k.
Khi 555 IC u tt, 100n l khng tch v c hai u l ti ng st in p v n xung pin 2 ca
trung 555 LOW. iu ny s kch hot 555 v pin 3 mc cao. Ngun cung cp pin in p
ng st ny n th ba 555 v hai n LED mu c lun phin le ln. Khi tu i qua cc
HY reed switch, pin 4 ca trung 555 c ly LOW v cc n LED mu nhp nhy dng.
Nhn thy n trong hnh ng: Movie (4MB)

Cc mch cng c th c xy dng vi 40.106 HEX Schmitt trigger IC (74C14). Cc mch 555
tiu th khong 30mA khi ngi v ch i. Cc mch 40.106 tiu th t hn 1mA.

Index>

o ngc mt MOTOR - 5
(xem -1, -2, -3 trong 200 Mch Transistor v -4 trong 50-555 Mch)
Khi cc mch quay ON, 4017 n ngy vi pin3 CAO. ng c khng hot ng.
Khi chuyn i push c nhn v th, 4.017 tin b pin 2 v cc ng c quay kim
ng h.
Khi chuyn i push c nhn v th mt ln na, 4.017 tin b pin 4 v ng c
dng.
Khi chuyn i push c nhn v th mt ln na, 4.017 tin b pin 7 v cc ng c
quay chng chiu kim ng h.
Khi chuyn i push c nhn v th mt ln na, 4.017 tin b pin 10 v reset chip v
cc c dng.
Cc 2u2 ngn switch-th b tr li c c mt xung sch mi khi cng tc c

nhn.
Index

20mA CONSTANT-HIN PHT

mch ny to ra mt 20mA hng hin ti vi mt in p u ra khong 3V thp hn in p pin.
N s dng mt LM317 iu chnh trong c mt in p th khong 3V gia cc thit b u
cui IN v OUT. Nu in p pin l 12v, mch s cung cp khong 9v ti 20mA. Nhng iu c
mt tham chiu in p ni b ca 1.25V gia OUT v iu chnh, chn v khi mt in tr c
t gia pin OUT v mch in c cung cp, cc dng in qua cc in tr s sn xut mt
in p-th. Nh hin nay theo yu cu ca cc tng mch, in p trn in tr ny s tng
ln.Khi n l 1.25V, hin ti s c 20mA. Nu tng hin nay do sn lng khng gim, in p
trn in tr tng v LN317 gim in p u ra. iu ny lm cho hin ti gim n
20mA.y l cch cc mch to ra mt dng in khng i.
Sn lng hin ti c th thay i bt c gi tr theo cng thc di y.

Index

P IU CHNH V HIN GII HN

Cc iu duy nht trong mch ny s cung cp mt in p bin t
1.225v 12v hoc hn, ty thuc vo in p ca cc gi phch
cm v diode zener. Hin ti cng s ph thuc vo s nh gi
ca cc gi plug.
Ngay nh hin nay t n gii hn c thit lp bi cc ni
100R, cc transistor BC547 bt u quay vo v cp nhng iu
ca in p trn pin Adj. in p u ra bt u gim. Nu u ra
l qu thiu, in p u ra s gim xung gn nh bng khng.

 Index

Mains d
mch ny s pht hin ngun in ang hot ng ti 15cm. Mains dy phi khng c xc
ng. Nhiu CMOS chip c th c s dng cho mc ch ny.
CD 4017, 4020, 4040 nh tt c h u c u vo rt nhy cm. Mch ny cng s pht
hin "Mains Hum." N l mch n gin nht v s lm vic trn 6V - 9v. S dng mt chiu
di nh ng m PC board 1cm rng cho cc my d. KHNG CHM BT C DY hoc
cp. Cc n LED s nhp nhy khi ng-ten l 10cm n 15cm trn dy cp.

Tracer Mains vi Long d

mch ny cng s pht hin ngun in ang hot ng ti 15cm nhng c u im l to
mt r ln v vy bn c th gi cho i mt ca bn trong cng vic. Cc ng ng phi
c hot ng v s khng hot ng khi nh sng chuyn i c tt. Mt b dng c
cho d n ny l c sn Y t Talking Electronics cho $ 10,00 cng thm $ 6,50 bu chnh.

Index

THE 74c14 IC

- cn c gi l 40.106
hay 40.014 -. N hot ng trn 5V n
15V. [Nhng khng phi 7414 hay 74HC14 hay
74HCT14 hoc 74LS14 nh nhng ca IC l cung
cp 5v CH
H l nhng con chip TTL v hot ng trn 4.5v n
5.5V v c u vo tr khng thp.]
Cc 74c14 IC l mt trong nhng chip hu dng nht
trn th trng. Khi bn nhn ra tnh linh hot ca n,
bn s s dng n cho rt nhiu mu thit k.
Trong phn ny chng ti m t kh nng ca mnh v
cung cp cho mch hin th nh th no n c th
c s dng. Cc 74C14 vi mch cha 6 cng
Schmitt Trigger. Cung cp ti thiu in p 5V cung cp
ti a in p 15V Max hin ti mi u ra 10mA -

60mA tng Tc ti a ca 4MHz hot ng tiu th hin ti khong 1uA vi khng c g

kt ni vi cc u vo hoc u ra.

Cc u ra ca mi cng s cung cp khong 10mA. iu ny l li xe mt n LED,

nhng nu thm hin nay l cn thit, mt BUFFER transistor s l cn thit. Cho n
100mA, mt BC547 c th c s dng. Cho n 4 amps mt transistor Darlington BD679
c th c s dng.

Thm mt TRANSISTOR BUFFER

Mi ca l mt ring "Building Block." N l c bn mt AMPLIFIER. N l mt AMPLIFIER
HIN TI v n khc vi bt k loi hnh khc ca b khuch i. Di y l cch hot

lng cao hay thp.

y l ln th hai Tnh nng ca cc ca khu:
Khi u vo l LOW (A LOW l t 0v n 25% ca in p ng st), n c th c tng
ln t t hoc n mt tn s 4MHz, v khi in p l 66% ca in p ng st, u ra
ngay lp tc thay i t cao xung thp.
Khi u vo l cao (t 70% n 100% ca in p ng st) v n gim t t hoc n mt
tn s 4MHz, u ra ngay lp tc thay i t thp n cao khi in p gim xung 33% ca
in p ng st.
iu ny to ra mt GAP gia 33% v 66% gi l GAP tr v n ngn chn u vo l in
p thay i n o u ra. in p u vo c tng v / hoc gim khong 33% ca in p
ng st cho sn lng thay i.
C 6 ca ca trong IC v h l tt c trong ni b ni vi ng ray in. Bn c th ngh
n cc u vo l c tr khng v hn (sc khng), v vy n khng t mt ti v bt c
iu g kt ni vi pin ny. Di y l mt hnh nh nh th no ca hot ng. Cc u
vo c th trn gia ng st cho sn lng thay i v di y gia ng st cho
sn lng thay i li bn chnh nh nc ca mnh.

Cc tnh nng tip theo hiu c gi l THI S TR HON mch cc mch

chm tr thi gian cng c bit nh l
mt "TIMING mch", "TR HON CIRCUIT,"hoc "RC mch". Nhng tn tt c cc tham
chiu n mt T v in tr trong series. N khng quan trng nu cc t in c t
trn hoc di cc in tr nh thi gian tr s ging nhau. (S khc bit duy nht l gi tr
ca in p ti u v cui ca chu k thi gian.) Cc tham gia ca hai thnh phn l im
m in p c pht hin v c gi l"Pht hin Point." Cc pht hin im c gim
st bi mt mch pht hin. iu ny s l u vo ca mt trong nhng cng Schmitt.
Cc mch pht hin khng phi ti cc mch thi gian. Ni cch khc cc mch pht hin
phi c mt tr khng u vo rt cao. l li th ca IC ny. l l tng cho vic pht
hin cc in p trn mt TR HON mch. Khi in p c p dng cho mt mch
TIMING, t in bt u tnh ph. Nu chng ta theo di in p trn t in, chng ta c th
xc nh khi n ang mc in p c bit. N s mt mt khong thi gian t n
mc ny v y l TR HON THI GIAN chng ti yu cu. Trong cc hnh nh ng di
y, chng ta thy cc t in sc thng qua mt in tr, vi mt ng h hin th in p
khong trn t in. Cc t in khng tnh ph ti mt tc khng i, nhng c tnh ny
khng lin quan n chng ti ti thi im ny. Cc im cn nh l thi gian cn cho cc
t in sc.

Nu chng ta thm CIRCUIT TIMING (TR HON CIRCUIT) u ra ca mt cng Schmitt,

chng ta c th thy cc t in np v x:

Di y l phn thng minh. Thay vo ca vn k gim st in p trn t in, cc u

vo ca Schmitt Inverter c th c kt ni vi cc t in.
Nu in p trn t in l t hn 66% ca in p ng st, u ra ca cng l HIGH v t
in bt u tnh ph. Khi in p t 67%, u ra i LOW v t in bt u x. Khi in
p trn n t n 32% ca in p ng st, cc Schmitt Inverter thay i trng thi v
u ra mc cao. Bng cch ny, chng ta ch cn mt cng to ra mt dao ng.
C hai iu rt quan trng quan st cc hnh nh ng di y.
1. u ra l mt ln sng vung. Ni cch khc, u ra i t mt tiu bang khc RT
NHANH CHNG v iu ny to ra cc c trng sng vung-hnh.
2. Cc in p trn t in l chnh xc 32% n 67% ca in p ng st.
Cc hnh nh ng di y cho thy cc cng hot ng.
Bn s nhn thy rng cc s khng hin th cc con chip kt ni vi ng st tch cc
v tiu cc. N c gi nh cc chip c kt ni vi in p cung cp v l cch sn
lng sn xut cc HIGH.

Di y l nhng khi dao ng c bn cho mt 74C14 (40.106) IC:

Hnh A cho thy mt t - Dao ng tn s cao

hnh B cho thy mt in - Dao ng tn s thp
Mt dao ng c to ra bng cch t mt in tr t u ra u vo v mt t in t
u vo 0v. u ra s l mt ln sng vung v v du (cao) s bng khng gian (thp).
Tn s ca u ra s ph thuc vo gi tr ca R v C. Gi tr ca 1k 4M7 cho R v 100p
100U cho C c th c s dng. iu ny c th hin trong mch A v B trn. Nu
khng ng u v HIGH LOW l cn thit, mt diode c t gia u ra v u vo:

Trong hnh C u ra l sn lng thp trong mt khong thi gian ngn nh hai in tr R1
v R2 ang x t in. Nu R2 l mt gi tr rt thp so vi R1, chng ti c th nhn c
trong thi gian thp l 10% hoc t hn, ca HIGH.
Trong hnh D cc diode c o ngc so vi con s C v u ra l cao i vi mt khong
thi gian ngn nh . hai in tr R1 v R2 c sc t

Di y l mt s cc khi xy dng c bn:

Chm tr
Trong s trn, cc dng u vo i HIGH v vn CAO. N c th c pht hin mt
phn ca thit b c bt ln, v d.
Hnh ng ny tnh t in C qua in tr R. Sau mt khong thi gian (gi l Time Delay),
u vo ca Schmitt trigger t 67% ca in p ng st v u ra i LOW. Cc thi gian
b chm c xc nh bi cc gi tr ca R v C. Chng ti khng quan tm n thc t gi
tr ca R v C vo thi im ny trong thi gian. . Chng c th c lm ra bng cch th
nghim Cc im cn lu l v tr ca hai thnh phn sn xut mt TR HON. Nu u
ra phi l ngc li ca cc mch trn, mt bin tn c thm vo:

Nu mt diode c thm qua in tr u vo, cc t in "C" s c thi ra khi u vo

i thp, do , "Delay Time" s ngay lp tc c sn khi u vo i HIGH:

Xung
mch sau y to ra mt xung khi cc dng u vo i HIGH:

 o ngc u ra, thm mt bin tn:

sn xut ra mt xung sau khi mt s chm tr, cc mch sau y l cn thit:

Gating
cng mt dao ng thng qua bin tn khc, mt diode c t gia hai ca:

Khi push-nt c nhn, cc u vo ca cc ca khu u tin i LOW v u ra mc

cao. Cc cao t cc diode ngn chn cc t in x qua b dao ng v n c "kt" hoc

"ng bng" vi LOW u ra.
Cc mch sau y to ra m thanh cho mt khong thi gian ngn nh c xc nh bi
cc phn xung. Khi u ra ca phn Pulse l LOW, dao ng s hot ng. Khi phn Pulse l
HIGH dao ng l kt.

m rng hot ng ca mt nt nhn, mt mch xung extender c th c thm vo:

to ra mt xung c di khng i, (cho d khng c nt c nhn bao lu), cc mch

sau y l cn thit:

sn xut mt nt chuyn i, cc mch sau y l cn thit.

Cc u vo ca 40.106 c sn hin vi v trong khong thi gian ca mt vi gi n s tnh
ph trong 100n v gy ra cc mch ti kch hot. l l do ti sao cc 4M7 l cn thit.

2 PHT TIMER
R le l nng lng trong mt thi gian ngn, 2 pht sau khi push-nt c nhn. Cc nt
nhn to ra mt LOW ngn gn v pin 1, khng c vn g n c y bao lu v iu
ny to ra mt xung c di khng i thng qua ba thnh phn gia pin 2 v 3.
Xung ny l di thc hin y cc in 100U thi gian trn pin 5.
Cc 100k v in gia chn 6 v 9 c thit k to ra mt xung ngn thm ngh lc
tip sc.

Di y l mt mch rt ging nhau. S dng mt trong hai HIGH hoc Active chuyn i
hot ng mc thp v nu vic chuyn i hot LOW c s dng, khng kt ni cc b
phn hoc ca gia chn 1 v 2 vi phn cn li ca mch.

To ra mt xung 0.25sec sau 0.1sec ti 2 giy

B pht xung
Cc 74c14 c th c s dng cho rt nhiu cc mch khc nhau. Trong cc thit k sau
y, sn lng sn xut 3mS xung mi giy. Cc mch c th iu chnh mt lot cc yu
cu.

Mch ny xung my nhn tin mo tor khong 2-4 giy sau khi mch in c bt:

Cc mch sau y cho php mt in p cao hn c s dng v PWM kim sot nng
lng cho Pager Motor. Cc thnh phn gi tr s phi c xc nh bng thc nghim:

TRIGGER TIMER
Cc thit k tip theo giao din mt "thng m" v chuyn i "Thng thng Closed"

mt mch chm tr.

Cc diode thng tin phn hi t u ra ngn cn cc yu t u vo ti kch hot cc b m
thi gian (trong thi gian chm tr) ci m mt thit b nh mt ng c, ton cu hoc chip
ging ni c th c kch hot trong mt khong thi gian nht nh.

Index

2-NGNH CH ALARM

Cc bo gi khc nu ca cn m. N ch tt sau 5-10 pht khi cnh ca c m ra v ng li.

Cc CD4093 l mt quad 2-u vo cng NAND (vi Schmitt trigger u vo) v tng c dy nh l mt bin tn
trong mch ny. Cc tnh nng Schmitt trigger ca u vo ca mi cng khng phi l mt tnh nng cn thit trong
mch ny v bn cng c th s dng mt CD4011 (quad 2-input NAND ca khu) v n khng c tnh nng Schmitt
Trigger - v c th c d dng hn mua.
Cc ca khu u tin (chn 1, 2 v 3) l mt b m thi gian v u ra khng i HIGH cho n nhng chi ph 100U
qua 470K. y l s chm tr Exit / Entry. Khi n i HIGH, hai n LED c bt thng qua cc in tr 3k3. V kh n
bo ng.
Gate "B" (chn 5, 6 v 4) l mt bin tn m pht hin khi tc th u vo l b hng v n ph cc 100U qua cc
in tr 3k3. Gate "C" (chn 8, 9 v 10) pht hin in tch trn 100U v bt transistor BC547 qua cc in tr
4k7. Cc tin chuyn i c th c ng li sau mt giy nh n lm cng vic ca mnh sc 100U u thng qua
cc in tr 3k3. Cc mch hin nay c kch hot v ci bo ng bt u khc. Cc 100U v 4M7 cung cp 5-10
pht m thi gian cho cc "khc lc."
Cc 100U v 2m2 cung cp b m thi gian cho buzzer khi bn nhp vo. N s buzz trong 20 giy sau tt khi cn
ca nhp cnh m ra v ng li v tnh thp 100u.The 1N4148 ch cho php cc mch sc 100U v khi cnh
ca c ng li, in p trn ch anode gim xung mc thp gi tr nhng cc diode khng cho php cc 100U x n ch thi ra qua cc 2m2. Nu Exit / nhp ca c m, ting ci bo ng chnh s than th sau 45
giy. Gate "D" (chn 12, 13 v 11) pht hin in p trn 100U thp v bin ON ci. Cc u vo ca cng t khng t
trn 100U (v n c mt tr khng rt cao) v n c thi qua 2m2.
Ting chung piezo c th l mt thit b 5V v mt in tr 100R s c cn thit trong lot vi mt dn n gim m

lng.

2-Ngnh CH ALARM PC BAN - JUST 3,50 $ cng vi 4,00 $ bu chnh

hoc email Colin Mitchell: talking@tpg.com.au cho cc chi tit v vic mua cc b linh kin cho d n ny. Cc m-u

ci bo ng l qu ln tu. Bn s cn phi mua cc ci bo ng t cc thnh phn nh cung cp linh kin in t

ca hng a phng ca bn.
Index

Bo trm 4-ZONE
mch ny s dng mt chip bo ng chuyn dng t Talking Electronics (TE555-BA4). Chip chi ph $ 2,50 v
cha mt 4-zone chng trm mch bo ng. Tt c bn cn l cc thnh phn xung quanh hon thnh d
n.Nhng thnh phn ny c sn nh l mt b cho $ 20,00 bao gm cc chip chuyn dng v iu ny lm cho
n mt trong nhng b dng c vi gi r nht trn th trng (bu chnh cho b $ 6,50). Nhn vo y t
hng chip hoc cc kit.
Cc phn b sung duy nht bn cn l 4 cng tc sy. y c th c mua trn eBay cho $ 5,38 cho mt tp hp
ca 5 cng tc thng m (bi min ph).
Di y l

Xy dng cc mch trn mt mnh bng ma trn (hoc Ban mch km theo b) v kt ni u vo cho cc thit b
u cui vt. 6 thit b u cui 2-vt ring bit c cung cp trong b cng c lm cho n d dng dy ln
bo ng. Cc bo ng mt khong 1mA khi gim st mt ngi nh v khong 100mA khi kch hot.
Nhng ting ci l ch c kch hot mt ln trong 5 pht khi mt break-in xy ra v y l thi gian ti a cho
php i vi mt ting ci than khc ti c.
Nu bn mun bo thc khng ngng than khc sau khi mt break-in, nt nhn A khi bo ng c bt (v
ting bp cnh ang c sn xut). Cc n LED lin tc khc lc s nhp nhy. Nhn nt mt ln na v n
LED 5 pht s nhp nhy. Cc nt Toggles gia hai tnh nng ny.
Bn c th s dng cy lau chuyn mch cho cc thit b u vo cho ca ra vo v ngn ko. Bn cng c th
by nhng tn trm bng cch t tin theo mt clip c di v rt mng ca dy ng ng hp qun quanh hai
chn. Khi tin c ly ra, dy in c ko ra khi chn. Mt si dy duy nht c th c ly t mt chiu di
ca hook-up flex.

NGUN
Cc bo ng c th c kt ni vi mt t bo 12v Gell vi mt nh gi ca 1.2AHr v n c th c t ng
tnh ph s dng ca chng ti

Battery Charger t ng trong 101 Transistor

Mch.Http://www.talkingelectronics.com/projects/200TrCcts/101- 200TrCcts.html # 84
CCH TRNH CIRCUIT
Bt k ca cc yu t u vo c th c s dng cho cc Entry / Exit.
N c kt ni vi cc cnh ca bn s s dng nhp hoc thot ti sn. Cc bo ng cung cp cho bn 45
giy thot.
Khi bn nhp ti sn, buzzer lt v ngay sau khi bn m ca v ting bp 45 giy cho php bn tt bo thc.
Nu c bo ng khng b tt, cc chnh Piezo ci to ra mt giai iu mm mi cho 30 giy v sau l mt m
thanh xuyn khc lc.

iu ny cho php bn tt bo thc trc khi than khc ln c sn xut v l mt trong nhng tnh nng tt
nht ca cc bo ng nh nhng lo lng ca gi gy ra mt bo ng chng nhiu h gia nh thit lp bo ng
ca h.
Bt k u vo cha s dng phi c kt ni vi mt lin kt bo ng c th c thit lp.
Khi mch c bt, bn c 45 giy thot khi ta nh.
Cc con chip sau nhp nhy hoc 5-min LED hoc n LED lin tc cho bit nu ting ci bo ng s ku
khc trong 5 pht hoc lin tc. Bn c th thay i cc thit lp bng cch nhn nt. Cc mch sau ting bp
45 giy cung cp cho bn thi gian thot khi ti sn. Sau n s theo di tt c 4 yu t u vo.

Alarm 4-Zone PCB

MUA KIT 20,00 $ cng vi 6,50 $ bu chnh

Chip chnh cha mt b dao ng ni b li xe mt mng piezo v cng l mt dao ng khc cho Piezo
Siren.Cc Piezo Siren l mt mng chn piezo 80dB iu khin bi mt transistor Darlington BD679 vi mt choke
10mH sn xut mt in p cao cho c honh.
Con chip hot ng trn 5V v phn cn li ca cc mch s dng 12v. Mt in p-dropper rt n gin gm 2
n LED v 1K5 git 12v 5v.
Index
Kits c sn cho d n ny t Talking Electronics cho 8,00 $ cng
vi bu chnh.
Mt PROBE LOGIC l mt mnh rt tin dng ca thit b c khi th nghim mt d
n. D n ny cung cp: High, Low, Pulse, pht hin mt iu v c mt tnh nng phun
tn hiu. Bn c th xy dng n trong mt bui ti trn mt mnh Matrix Board.

LOGIC PROBE

 Index

Clap TC "ON-OFF"
Mch ny bin LED ON vi mt ting ci ngn hoc. V mt ting
na bin n OFF. N s dng mt loa nh mt microphone v u
ra th t ca 4017 c s dng thit lp li chip. Cc 100U trn
pin 2 ri lon khuch i v ngn cn n clocking chip, cho n khi
in hoc ph hoc thi. Mt bng bn dn m c th thay th cc
n LED vn hnh mt relay. N ch i hi tn hiu 2mV kch
hot cc mch.

Index

TRACKER SOLAR
mch ny c th c s dng theo di s chuyn ng ca mt tri. The Motor phi c kt
ni vi bng iu khin n xoay mn hnh theo hng chuyn ng ca mt tri.
Xem: http://www.electrosome.com/solar-tracker-system-using-lm358/

 Index

BATTERY-LOW Beeper

mch ny s to ra mt ting bp bp-bp-t buzzer Piezo khi in p

pin xung n khong 10V.
iu ny l rt tin dng khi bn c mt pin cung cp nng lng mt
phn ca thit b v bn khng bit nh nc ca ph trch.
Khi in p trn 10V, cc diode zener thc hin v quay ON transistor
u tin. in p gia cc b thu v emitter ca transistor ny l t
hn 0.3V v in p trn c s ca cc bng bn dn th hai l
0.3V. V vy, cc bng bn dn th hai khng c bt ON v n l
c hiu qu loi b khi mch. iu ny c ngha l pin reset ca CD

4060 c kt ni vi ng st tch cc thng qua mt in tr

1M. iu ny s t mt HIGH trn pin reset v bin chip tt v ngn
cn s dao ng to xung ng h.
Cc chip cha bin tn gia cc chn 9, 10 v 11 khi cc thnh
phn c kt ni vi cc chn, mt dao ng c sn xut.
Tn k thut cho Dao ng ny c gi l mt CLOCK.
Khi pin 12 c ly CAO n c ch s dao ng (ngn chn cc
xung ng h i qua cc giai on chia).
Khi in p pin gim xung di 10V, cc bng bn dn u tin
c bt OFF v cc bng bn dn th hai c bt TRN. Ny c
cc thit lp ng dy vi ng st 0v v chip cho php cc xung
ng h t cc dao ng vt qua mt tp hp cc flip flops sp
xp chia tn hiu. Pin 7 chia tn hiu bng 16 sn xut ra mt
ting bp bp-bp-t buzzer c in. Ting chung bnh thng to ra
m thanh lin tc nhng sn lng pin 7 i HIGH / LOW khong mt
chu k mi giy v iu ny chuyn ci ON v OFF sn xut mt
tn hiu cnh bo r rng hn.
Cc mch mt 30uA khi "ngi" v t hn 1mA khi sn xut mt ting
bp.
Nu bn khng c b rung c in, mng chn piezo c th c s
dng. Khi lng u ra s khng c nh ln. Cc thnh phn
dao ng s cn phi c thay i sn xut ra mt tn s ng
h cao hn. Tn s ny s c chia xung v pht hin mt hoc
hai trong s cc kt qu u ra. Bn c th th tt c cc kt qu u
ra xem nhng g kt qu l tt nht.

Nu bn khng c mt zener 9v1, n c th c lm t 5v6 zener

v 3v6 zener hoc 5v6 v mt n LED mu trng hoc hai n LED
mu .
N cng c th c thc hin t ba n LED trng v mt n LED
mu .
Bn c th s dng mt zener, n LED v mt diode tn hiu iu
chnh in p cho bt k gi tr mong mun.
Khi mt dng chy rt nh mc d hin ti mt zener, LED hoc
diode, in p c trng m pht trin trn n l LESS hn khi nh
gi n chy hin ti. Tuy nhin in p thp ny c th c s dng

 sn xut mt "c im." Cch duy nht xc nh in p ny l

thm cc thnh phn vo mch.
Cc bng bn dn u tin phn ng lc ny kch hot im v cc
bng bn dn th hai ch n gin l o ngc in p trn cc nh
su tp.
Cc bng bn dn th hai khng c phn loi l mt b khuch
i nhng mt INVERTER.
xem chi tit v d n ny, hy truy cp:http://electronicsmaker.info
Index

LED DICE
mch ny to ra mt hiu ng thc t ca "pips" trn khun mt ca mt con xc xc. Mch c "chm
li" cho tc dng ca cc con xc xc "ln."
Xem y cc d n: LED DICE

Mt mch n gin:
Cc mch trn c th c n gin ha v sn lng Pin 12 c th c s dng chiu sng hai
ca n LED nh dng ny l HIGH cho nhng ln khi Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 v l CAO v i LOW khi
Q5 -. Q9 c HIGH
ny c ngha l 4017 bt u vi Q0 CAO. Nhng Q0 khng phi l mt u ra. iu ny c ngha
rng khi Q0 l CAO, "thc hin" l HIGH v "2" s c hin th. Cc chu k ng h tip theo s sn
xut "3" vo mn hnh khi Q1 l CAO, sau "4" khi Q2 l CAO, "5" khi Q3 l HIGH v "6" khi Q4 l
CAO.Khi Q5 i HIGH, n chiu sng "1" trn mn hnh v "thc hin" i LOW.

DICE LED - thnh phn ti thiu

DICE LED - s dng CD4018 5-bit Counter

Index

LDR - Pulse khi c chiu

sng. y l c s mt mch m to ra mt xung khi cc

in tr ph thuc nh sng pht hin nh sng v mt xung

t mt u ra khc nhau khi n pht hin bng ti

ny l mt tr li mt yu cu t mt c gi ng mt
yu cu trn mt din n in t.
Index

CP NC D
d n ln ny c sn trn eBay khong $ 6.00 (ng). N cho thy LOW, MEDIUM v HIGH trn
n LED cng nh mt u ra relay. Xem cc .pdf cho y chi tit.
y l mch: Mch l phc tp bi n c thit k tt v khng t DC trn cc u d. Cc AC
ngn nga phn ng m "n" cc u d v ph hy chng. Vic chuyn i trong cc c s ca
cc bng bn dn u tin c hiu qu "Toggles" (o ngc) cc hnh ng ca relay. Bn
khng thc s cn iu ny phc tp nh bn ch n gin l c th dy ng c ca bn n a
ch lin lc bnh thng m hoc thng ng kn. Tuy nhin mch l mt gii thiu tt thit k
op-amp v gii thch y v cch hot ng c trong. pdf. Cc mch c v li t bn
gc ca Trung Quc lm cho n d dng xem lm th no n hot ng. Bn hon ton
khng c c hi lm vic ra lm th no n hot ng t phin bn Trung Quc. Ti khng bit
lm th no m h ging dy in t vi cch h t nhng iu trn. Ti chc chn khng th
lm theo bt c iu g. l tt c "ca Trung Quc" (ting Hy Lp) vi ti. Cc gi tr in tr
c thm vo hnh nh khi chng c n di cc thnh phn. Nu d n khng lm vic, bn
s tm thy hai in tr c lp t ng. Bc nh ny s gip bn xc nh v tr cc vn
. Cc di mu cho mi in tr l trong .pdf. H u l 1% in tr v bn cn s gip
kim tra mu sc. ng qun, 223 trng ging nh 104.

 Index

4 ALARM SOUNDS
Module ny COB t Partner Chip c sn trn eBay vi gi $ 2.00. N sn xut 4 bo ng tin
dng m thanh m bn c th thm vo d n bo thc ca
bn.Http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/370948705385?euid=294ed37a472d4f5990bff5fa01c5da06&cp=1

 Index

PHOER
ny

Index

LOGIC CA
N rt tin dng ghi nh rng tt c cc cng
logic c th c lm t mt ca Quad NAND
nh CD4011.
Index

Biu tng mch

Danh sch di y bao gm hu nh tt c cc biu tng bn s tm thy trn mt s mch in
t. N cho php bn xc nh mt biu tng v cng v mch. y l mt ti liu tham kho hu ch v
c mt s biu tng khng bao gi c mt biu tng trc y, chng hn nh mt n LED nhp
nhy v bng in pht.
Mt khi bn xc nh c mt biu tng v mt s m bn s cn phi tham kho cc bn quy
xc nh tng dn trn thc t thnh phn.
Cc biu tng khng xc nh cc chn thc trn thit b. N ch cho thy cc thnh phn trong mch v

lm th no n c ni vi cc thnh phn khc, chng hn nh dng u vo, u ra, dng vv Bn

khng th lin quan vi hnh dng hoc kch thc ca cc biu tng vi cc thnh phn bn c trong
tay ca bn hoc trn cc bo mch.
i khi mt thnh phn c rt ra vi mi pin trong cng mt v tr nh trn chip vv Nhng y l trng
hp him khi.
Thng thng khng c mi quan h gia v tr ca cc dng trn cc mch v cc chn trn cc thnh
phn . l nhng g lm cho c mt mch phc tp nh vy. iu ny l rt quan trng nh vi bng
bn dn, iu chnh in p, khoai ty chin v nhiu thnh phn khc nh v tr ca cc chn trn biu
tng khng phi cc v tr tng t nh cc chn hoc dn trn thnh phn v i khi cc chn c chc
nng khc nhau theo nh sn xut. i khi vic nh s pin l khc nhau ty theo cc thnh phn, chng
hn nh iu chnh tch cc v tiu cc. Bn phi tham kho c im k thut t ca nh sn xut
xc nh mi pin, chc chn rng bn xc nh c chng mt cch chnh xc. Colin Mitchell

BIU TNG MCH

Mt s biu tng b sung c thm vo danh sch sau y. Xem Circuit biu tng trn cc ch
sTalking Electronics.com cho nhng b sung mi nht.

 Index

IC pinouts

Danh sch sau y bao gm ch l mt vi trong s cc IC trn th trng v l nhng "n gin" hay "c bn" hay
hoc "op-amp" ca IC thch hp th nghim.
Khi thit k mt mch xung quanh mt IC, bn phi nh hai iu:
1. L IC vn sn? v
2. Cc mch c th c thit k xung quanh mt vi iu khin?
i khi mt mch s dng ni 3 hoc c th c ti thit k xung quanh mt 8-pin hoc 16-pin vi iu khin v cc
chng trnh c th c lu gi t con mt t m do mt tnh nng gi l "m 4 ca IC bo v. " Mt d n vi iu
l up-to-date, c th r hn v c th c ti lp trnh lm thay i cc tnh nng.
iu ny s c cp trong cc sch in t tip theo. iu ng ghi nh - v n l con ng ca tng lai.

 Index

Tt c cc mu sc in tr:
iu ny c gi l "bnh thng" hoc "3 mu-band" (5%) nhiu. Nu bn mun cc series 4
mu-band (1%), tham kho
trang web Talking in t v click: in tr 1% trn ch s tri. Hoc bn c th s dng bng
di y.

 Index

LM MI GI TR in tr:
Nu bn khng c gi tr in tr chnh xc cho mt d n, ng lo lng. Hu
ht cc mch s lm vic vi mt gi tr cao hn hoc thp hn mt cht.
Nhng nu bn mun c mt gi tr c bit v n khng phi l c sn, y l
mt biu .
S dng 2 in tr trong lot hoc song song nh:

Yu cu
Gi tr

R1

Series /
Parallel

R2

Thc t
gi tr:

10

4R7

4R7

9R4

12

10

2R2

12R2

15

22

47

14R9

18

22

100

18R

22

10

12

22

27

22

4R7

26R7

33

22

10

32R

39

220

47

38R7

47

22

27

49

56

47

10

57

68

33

33

66

82

27

56

83

C nhiu cch khc kt hp 2 in tr song song hoc lot c c mt

gi tr c th. Nhng v d trn ch l mt cch.
4R7 = 4,7 ohms
Index

LM MI GI TR T:
Nu bn khng c gi tr t in chnh xc cho mt d n, ng lo lng. Hu
ht cc mch s lm vic vi mt gi tr cao hn hoc thp hn mt cht.
Nhng nu bn mun c mt gi tr c bit v n khng phi l c sn, y l
mt biu .
S dng 2 t trong lot hoc song song nh:

Yu cu
Gi tr

C1

Series /
Parallel

C2

Thc t
gi tr:

10

4.7

4.7

9.4

12

10

2.2

12.2

15

22

47

14.9

18

22

100

18

22

10

12

22

27

22

4.7

26.7

33

22

10

32

39

220

47

38,7

47

22

27

49

56

47

10

57

68

33

33

66

82

27

56

83

Cc gi tr "10" trong biu trn c th c 10p, 10n hoc 10U. Biu hot
ng cho tt c thp k (gi tr).

25-1-2014