Design of Beams (Laterally Supported) Procedure for Investigation of Strength ¥ . Determine the allowable load that must be carried by the beam to be investigated. Consider both design philosophies (ASD and LRFD). ASD: Ma= DL + LL LRFD: Mu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL (Note: For those members that have loads other than dead and live loads, the load factors can be determined from the NSCP or AISC Steel Construction Manual.) Given the trial section, determine its moment of inertia (1x), section modulus (S;), flange width (bs), flange thickness (t,), web height (h), and web thickness (tw) from the steel manual. . Check if the beam possesses a compact shape. The upper limit of compact shapes is Ap, while that for non-compact shapes is At. Element |_ A Ap Ae b E E ete ee =e Flange | 39, | 038 /z | 10 E h E E web | — | 3.76 |= | 5.70 |= ee BE, 5 . Check if the actual capacity of the beam is greater than the required allowable load. Mn = FySx Mn ASD: Mg <=>"; 2 = 1.67 LRFD: My < Mn; @ = 0.9 . Check if the beam can withstand shear failure. : z a 2s 224 JE b. Vn = 0.6F Aw; Aw = hit ASD: Vq <2; 0 = 1.50 LRFD:V, < $¥_; @ = 1.00 Check if the expected deflection of the beam does not exceed the allowable value. Perform double-integration method or use the built-in deflection formulae for each type of loading.7. Indicate whether the section is suitable or not based from steps 3 to 6. Example for Investigation of Strength AW 16 x 31 beam 9 m long supports a reinforced concrete floor slab that provides continuous lateral support of the compression flange. The service dead load (including its own weight) is 0.6 kN/m and service live load is 0.75 kN/m. Does this beam have adequate moment strength? Does it have suitable design given the desired load? Use A36 steel. _ (06 i) (9m)? (0.6%) (9m) mace = = 6.08 kN -m;V = =27kN (0.75®%) (9 m? (0.758%) (9m) = = 759 kN om; V = = 3.38 for ASD: Ma = 6.08 kN-m + 7.59 kN-m = 13.67 kN-m a = 2.7 KN + 3.38 KN = 6.08 kN for LRFD: Mu = 1.2(6.08 kN-m) + 1.6(7.59 kN-m) = 19.44 kN-m Vu = 1.2(2.7 KN) + 1.6(3.38 KN) = 8.65 kN for W 16 x31: h=403.4mm tw= 7.0mm Ix = 156087 x 103 mm* Sx = 773.9 x 103 mm3 check compactness: by _ 140.3mm = = 6.26 2t; 2(11.2 mm) h _ 403.4mm _ 57.63 ty 7.0mm ~ 0.38 [= = 0.38 eeeo MPs 10.79 > 6.26 (0k: 26) 0-38 | pan oo Palm tae emi 3.76 |= = 3.76 [eee MPa 106.73 > 57.63 (ok oe esc) check actual capacity: M, (248.22 MPa)(773.9 x 10°mm) 3 a7 = 115.03 kN -m > 13.67 kN -m (ok) Mp, = (0.9)(248.22 MPa)(773.9 x 103mm?) = 172.89 kN +m > 19.44 kN -m (ok)check 2.24 lols 295. vn = = 443, check es 240 ~ Swl* shear strength: E 200000 MPa fe = 2.24 248.22 MPa 63.58 > 57.63 (ok) — (0.6)(248,22 MPa)(7.0 mm)(403.4 mm + 2(11.2 mm)) .94 kN > 6.08 KN (ok) (1.0)(0.6)(248.22 MPa) (7.0 mm)(403.4 mm + 2(11.2 mm)) .91 KN > 8.65 KN (ok) deflection: 9000 mm 240 5 (06% +0.75*%) 000 mm) = 37.5mm ee : 3841 — 384(200000 MPa)(156087 x 10° mm*) ~ 209 ™™ < 37.5 mm (ok) «The section is suitable. Procedure for Design Ae Determine the allowable load that must be carried by the beam to be designed. Consider both design philosophies (ASD and LRFD). ASD: Ma = DL + LL LRFD: Mu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL (Note: For those members that have loads other than dead and live loads, the load factors can be determined from the NSCP or AISC Steel Construction Manual.) . . Given the allowable load, solve for the minimum allowable section modulus (Sx). ASD: Sy ans .6F, M, LRFD: S, = 7 on 9B, . From the steel manual, choose a trial section in which its section modulus is greater than the section modulus determined from step 2. Also, determine its moment of inertia (1), flange width (b), flange thickness (tj), web height (h), and web thickness (tw). . Check whether the section is suitable by referring to steps 3 to 6 of the Procedure for Investigation of Strength.5. If the section is suitable, it is therefore safe given the required loading. If not, go back to step 3 until the desired section is acquired. Example for Design A beam 8 m long is part of a roof system. Assume that there is continuous lateral support throughout its span. The loading consists of 60 kN/m dead load (not including the weight of the beam) and 40 kN/m live load. Use A36 steel and select a shape. The total deflection must not exceed L/180. kN kN 60 ~~) (8m)? 60 <-) (8m) y= OOO geo ar my = OOO” reo en (40 §S) (em? m) Eb eg B20 RN ms V = 160kN 480 kN-m + 320 KN-m = 800 kN-m 40 kN + 160 KN = 400 KN 1.2(480 kN-m) + 1.6(320 kN-m) = 1088 kN-m Vu = 1.2(240 KN) + 1.6(160 kN) = 544 kN for ASD: 800 x 10°N mm a = Peers « = 0,6(248.22 MPa) ~ 997158 10° mm for LRFD: _ 1088. x 10°N-mm _ Reruns *=09(@248.22MPay 10 mm Trial Section: W 21 x 166 h=571.0 mm tw = 19.1 mm br= 315.5 mm tr=34.5 mm I= 1781471 x 10? mm* Sx = 6239.8 x 103 mm? w= (247.642) ee 2.43 kN/m check compactness: by 315.5 L = mn = 4.57 2t; 245mm)h_ 571 pe UL Omen 9 & 19..mm 0.38 |= = 0.38 peo MPa _ 10.79 > 4.57 (ok: 248.22 MPa 2) 200000 MPa 3.76 : = 3.76 |Fa579 Mpg = 106-73 > 29.9 (ok) check actual capacity: Wo. = 60 KN/m + 2.43 kN/m = 62.43 kN/m (62.43 ¥S) 6 my? (62.43 ®S) em oi = 249.72 kN = 499.44 KN +m; Ma = 499.44 kN-m + 320 kN-m = 819.44 kN-m Va = 249.72 KN + 160 KN = 409.72 KN Mu = 1.2(499.44 kN-m) + 1.6(320 kN-m) = 1111.33 kN-m Vu = 1.2(249.72 kN) + 1.6(160 kN) = 555.66 kN 9. 3. Mee 24822 MP a)(6239.8.5 10'mm) = 927.45 KN +m > 819.44 kN - m (ok) $M, = (0.9)(248.22 HPa)(6239.8 x 10mm) = 1393.96 kN -m > 1111.33 kN-m (ok) check shear strength: 2.24 E a224 200000 MPa _ 63.58 > 57.63 "9 24 tp = 2.24 '74822 MPa ° ey) Yq _ (0.6)(248.22 MPa)(19.1 mm)(571.0 mm + 2(34.5 mm)) a 150 = 1213.7 kN > 409.72 KN (ok) Vp = (1.0)(0.6)(248.22 MPa)(19.1 mm)(571.0 mm + 2(34.5 mm)) = 1820.54 KN > 555.66 KN (ok) check deflection: L_ _ 8000mm 180° 180 swt 5 (62.434% + 40*¥) (6000 mm)* 384ET ~ 384(200000 MPa)(1781471 x 10° mm") = 44.44mm = 15.33 mm < 44.44 mm (ok) +. Use W 21 x 166 section.