TRNG I HC NNG LM TP HCM

B MN CNG NGH HA HC

CHNG 7

CNG NGH MNG LC

2011

GiI THIU
CHUNG

L THUYT
MNG LC

CNG
NGH
MNG
LC

THM THU
NGC,
SIU LC, VI
LC

CC LOI
MNG

M T
S THUT NG RING
Mang loc - membrane

Thm thu - osmosis

Dich thm (nc trong) permeate

(filtrate)
Dich c retentate (concentrate)

Thm thu ngc (reverse osmosis

-RO)
Loc nano (nanofiltration NF)

Dung dich solution

Siu loc (ultrafiltration UF):

Dng lu cht ban u feed

Vi loc - (microfiltration MF)

Loc vung goc (dead-end filtration)

Loc tip tuyn (crossflow filtration)
Loc - filtration

I. KHAI NIM V QUA TRINH LC MNG

Mang loc rao chn ngn cach gia
cac pha, han ch s v n chuyn qua
lai gia cac c cht m t cach co chon
loc.
Cu truc i xng ho c khng i
xng
Mang i n
tich m/dng
Trung ha v i n tich
Qua trinh v n chuyn v t cht qua
mang:
Do t i n trng
Do nng
Do ap sut
4

C CH LC MNG-PHNG PHAP LC TIP TUYN

(CROSSFLOW FILTRATION)

Dng chay theo 2 hng : vung goc va tip tuyn vi b m t cua

mang
Permeate (filtrate) dng thm (nc trong) = dng san phm i qua
mang
Retentate dng c c (dich c) = dng dng san phm khng i
qua mang.

PHN LOI CAC QUA TRINH LC MNG

c tinh cua cht cn tach (kich thc phn t, c tinh hoa ly, i n
cc

cua cac phn t)

n
g lc chuyn cac cht qua mang
c tinh loai mang
Kich thc cua cac phn t so vi kich thc cua l loc.
U IM CUA CNG NGH MNG LC
Cng ngh sach va d v n hanh
Co th thay th c nhiu qua trinh hoa ly truyn thng: loc, chng ct,
trao i ion
Tao ra san phm co cht lng cao
Thu n li cho vi c thit k nhng h thng co tinh linh hoat cao

NG DNG CUA K THUT MNG LC

CNTP:

loc trong/x ly nc ung

c c nc trai cy, sa
CNMT: x ly nc thai
kh khoang va lam mm nc,
kh mau va cac cht hu c ha tan
CNSH: thu hoach sinh khi
c c/ phn tach t bao protein
CNHH: tach du, trich ly du
tach mui
loai kim loai nng
thu hi cht xuc tac
Y hoc: c c cht khang sinh trong dung mi hu c

II. PHN LOI MNG LC

Phn loai theo cu
truc

Cu truc ng hng
Cu truc bt ng hng

Phn loai theo hinh

dang

Mang phng

Phn loai theo ban

cht hoa hoc

Mang hu c (polymer)

Hinh tru
Mang v c (ceramic)

C TINH CUA M T
S LOI MNG LC
Mang hu c
Cellulose acetate (CA)
Tmax (oC) 3540
pH = 38
a nc,
ng kinh l loc co
th dao ng m t
khoang rt ln
gia thanh thp
kem bn vi cac cht
ty ra cng nghi p
nh chlorine,
d bi phn huy sinh
hoc

Polyamide
Tmax (oC) 50
pH= 311
kem bn hn vi
chlorine
dng permeate d bi
tc nghen

Mang v c
Polysulfone
Tmax (oC)
75
pH =113
bn vi
chlorine
chiu ap lc
kem
ky nc

Ceramic
Tmax (oC) 350
pH= 0,513
tr vi cac hoa
cht nh acid, kim,
chlorine
kha d v
gia thanh cao,
ng kinh l mao
dn ln (d> 10-2 m)

I LNG C TRNG CUA MNG LC

ng kinh l mao dn
Mt mao dn: t l phn trm gia tng din tich mt ct cac ng mao dn trn

toan b din tich b mt mang

xp: t l phn trm gia tng th tich cac ng mao dn va th tich mang
Kha nng chiu nhit
Kha nng chiu dung mi
bn sinh hoc
v trng
day
tro: ham lng tro tinh theo phn trm so vi tng khi lng cht kh trong
mang
Tinh a nc/ ky nc
chit: t l phn trm gia ham lng cht chit c so vi tng lng cht
kh trong mang. chit th hin mc tinh sach cua mang.
Kha nng phn ring
Tc qua mang cua dng permeate
10

YU T NH HNG N NNG SUT LC

Dng lu cht ban u: nng , thanh phn, kich thc phn t, in cc

cac phn t, nht, pH

c tinh, cu tao cua mang loc: a nc, ky nc.
Tng tac ions, in cc gia lu cht ban u va mang loc
iu kin vt ly, ng lc hoc cua qua trinh: ap sut qua mang, vn tc loc,
nhit
Yu cu cht lng cua dich sau khi loc (permeate)

11

MT S I LNG C TRNG CHO QUA TRINH LC

1.Vn tc tip tuyn Uc (m/s):
Uc = Q/ S
Q lu lng dich c (retentate) (l/h)
S din tich mang loc (m2)
2. Hng s Reynolds (Re)
Re = Uc*p*d/ *T
- nht cua lu cht ban u(Pa.s)
p- khi lng ring cua lu cht ban u (kg/m3)
d ng kinh trong cua mang (m)
3. nh lut Darcy ti thi im t
Jo = Ptm/ *Rm = Lp * Ptm
Rm= 32*X/e*d2
Jo dng thm (l.h-1.m-2) hoc m.s-1 (1m .s-1=3,6.10-6 l.h-1.m-2)
Ptm ap sut qua mang (bar hoc atm)
Rm tr khang ni tai cua mang (m-1)
Lp tinh thm nc cua mang
X b day cua mang (m)
d ng kinh l loc (m)
e rng cua mang (m)

12

III. CAC PHNG PHAP LC MNG

13

 Gia thanh loai mang

RO> NF>UF>MF

14

Qua trinh

Cu truc mang loc

Loai mang

Vi loc
Microfiltration
(MF)

Vi xp i xng
(symmetric microporous)

Cellulose nitrate
or
acetate,
polyvinylidene
difluoride
(PVDF),
polyamides, polysulfone,
polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE)

Siu loc
Ultrafiltration
(UF)

Vi xp khng i xng
(Asymmetric microporous)

Polysulfone,
polypropylene,
PTFE,
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Loc nano
Nanofiltration(N
F)

Thin-film membrane

Cellulose acetate, aromatic

polyamide

Thm thu
ngc
Reverse osmosis
(RO)

Asymmetic skin-type

Cellulose acetate, aromatic

polyamide
15

1.VI LC (MICROFILTRATION MF)

Tach loc nhng phn t co kich thc, phn t khi kha ln so vi cac qua

trinh mang khac nh: cac vi khun, vi sinh v t, cac cht l lng kha nho, cac
phn t co phn t lng ln, cac hat sn trong cng ngh sn phun..kich
thc cua cac phn t nay d = 0,1 10 m
2.SIU LC (ULTRAFILTRATION UF)
S dung mang hoc phn tach dng cht long hoc loai cac phn t

ha tan co trong dng.

Loai tr vi khun, mt vai loai protein, thuc nhum va cac c cht co phn
t lng ln hn 10.000dalton, va cac hat co kich t 10-1000.
Hiu qua UF phu thuc vao khi lng cua phn t mun tach va kich thc
cua chung
UF rt hu hiu trong vic loai bo cac hp cht hu c.

16

3.LC NANO (NANOFILTRATION NF)

S dung mang tach dng cht long hoc cac phn t cht co trong

dng.
Co kha nng gi cac phn t ng, mui kim loai hoa tri II, vi khun,
proteins, cac hp cht hu c va cac hp cht v c ,cac phn t ha tan
co khi lng phn t ln hn 1000daltons.
Hiu qua cua NF chiu anh hng bi in tich phn t, cac hat co in
tich cang ln thi cang d bi gi lai.

4.THM THU NGC (REVERSE OSMOSIS -RO)

Loai bo cac loai ion ,vi sinh vt, khoang cht, ng, protein, thuc
nhum, c bit la cac mui v c (phn t lng 150-250 daltons, kich
thc 1-10)
San xut nc tinh khit ong chai
Tai s dung (loc lai) nc tiu cua cac nha du hanh v tru thanh nc
ung trn cac tram v tru
Loc nc bin thanh nc ngot
17

C CH CUA THM THU NGC (REVERSE OSMOSIS -RO):

a.Thm thu (osmosis):

b.Thm thu ngc (reverse

osmosis):

18

19

QUA TRINH
PHN
RING
BNG
MEMBRANE

Gian
oan

Lin
tc

QUA TRINH PHN RING GIAN ON

a.

M hinh hi lu toan phn

retentate

1- bn nguyn liu
2- bm nguyn liu
3- thit bi loc
4- thit bi membrane
5- van iu chnh
6- thit bi trao i nhit

QUA TRINH PHN RING GIAN ON

b. M hinh hi lu mt phn
retentate
1- bn nguyn liu
2- bm nguyn liu
3- bm hi lu
4- thit bi membrane

QUA TRINH PHN RING LIN TC

a.

M hinh n gin

1- bn nguyn liu
2- bm nguyn liu
3- thit bi membrane

QUA TRINH PHN RING LIN TC

b. M hinh hi lu mt phn
retentate
1- bn nguyn liu
2- bm nguyn liu
3- bm hi lu
4- thit bi membrane

retentate

QUA TRINH PHN RING LIN TC

c.

M hinh nhiu giai on

1- bn nguyn liu
2- bm nguyn liu
3- bm hi lu
4- thit bi membrane
5- van iu chnh

M HNH
NG

M HNH
SI

THIT B
MEMBRAN
E

M HNH
BNG/
TM

M HNH
CUN
XON

1.M HINH NG (TUBULAR MODULE)

d =12,5 75 mm
l = 0,6 6,4 m

27

1.M HINH NG (TUBULAR MODULE)

28

1.M HINH NG (TUBULAR MODULE)

29

M HINH SI (HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)

d =2,5 12,7 cm
l = 18 120 cm
50 3000 si

d =0,2 3 mm
d =0,04 mm

30

M HINH SI (HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)

31

M HINH SI (HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)

32

M HINH BNG/TM (PLATE MODULE)

33

M HINH CUN XON (SPIRAL - WOUND MODULE)

34

35