Unit L SDAth NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS o Network. The boromuanscabon of ye a tommon pale a Called nefcork of: CableTv, TV brad ang, Blighone Aelvantaget Neloorkin 1. Nehoorks use dutibubed. preeung,!” whieh a fark io divided — among: mulkrple Loripubers . 3 Gharin, cheba. Rorouralese- ( both hasdisae > ffs) 3. Shaxing hb. Lew Go. 5. Soture 6. Rrchangng chk ext x Quick. 1 Qudribuledl able: bare. @ Farber protlem aehing.. 4, Collahovabre. prcesing ‘Hedwk_clanpont ») Privale - wo by a Aioghe person ef coalky fal by WD Pibbec - 0wn ie a. Le Pp persone9) Baned or trarambiion. i) one be one - ea. Guilehed telephone 1). one & many rood oashog (tv, Reboe) apler ole i) Ban Cael Area Nefoes) Compshent Lomeckel lopatken oror @ Arull goog mphe D Mulhrphe Wer 2) Mathner are 3) a we hi capauy [nilion bbe )see) 4 Charmele are ener §) Baba tramfer tale & high IMbps —leo ribs (Millon bike 4) Bach device. connetted en the- nos Car either ee ne. ein njv- ) Bib d doting up robot tr bow. - LAN & @ dab Zemmunicabor nf, vohice Connecbe mang Bmpubert or voooke. Atekoat ( Compuber Lorminale. , Prinkene ote) aro penal exchange of debe Lfo Kan, cotth ip a building. wars (wide Aven Nebr) Multiple. uier compubert Gemreched Bgettor .ae 8. Machine. ane tprend oer a wide geographic region 3. Gmriunccatons chaovele. bfio fhe machined are urvally- forte ye Thavel — perp le. telephone. Company. , Qlollile canrien , pudte alate nf) 4p. Channels cone. op ebb lows capa (a bl sep) £ Qhannelt are rehvelf error-prone AN il in Mehspollon “gimilar WAN ay col! deomm oh Pa ' on all in chen wan, MAN ’ oe heomrchy —— LAN (oe asi | wan Dp Owned prvele boned Ouse . a cal Region tovored | 0 ‘eal Regeo ° a oe enbye gic i D Lew complex Hore ample 1) Mone spa0d (bytes |cee) Jess peed (he [se0) 5) Ne nod of Telophone. “Telephone. Connechon- Conneckion needed 8) Ener pros Brrr Frome EERE eae dE : : ae :Nesok Tepelegy A paok plage nofers B the plpweal pyesd of thee rohsork cn tabich all the. cbonicen abe conneche y — D Pre KH 2 Panay Fr ce am) Ring. Qeon Topol i) Merk 2) cy oper be Shan Tel LA no dohent (neck) we tee donned civeellp ts a condral Cen} on hb 9, Star topolens tu bikredvonad anf point fe porn Boh rede paws ap informabon frome & fe cena) hub, wohicl hen forward the. Informa fs Ha clebnahion . Be a Cate atest a More Suible Dne rede. soil net affeck ether ; op node increasee - Server over (0 . Geneon managemenh ue Complere el pu Hy nal esemaltanee wm ~~ RWW > dh Gor more. poder fhe Server, Chllisten Octurrt and Sprtem hangs ve. Sf table. brooks —, Nehooth chirconnacls. a8 deal athe 36 T. Gonecters aro wed & client] server Sychemr : FsI. Masher (server) may be. aleArcabed o2- r0r - dockicahes! Gf dedlicataed pif lowe onty- the nofoork speration 24° Novel > 3.2 Versione. Sf nen dedecasool , It aoe: al} operation Gr Novel 3.2 x 4. versions Go bun trpehgs al nodes ere Bnnedbad be a angle. a leno. Tha. Single. 2m rmunicebon Dre 8 refered as Bu. 2 mahor. framer. oy aha. shan are PPG awa. from tha. on un beth. Arvedbor of the Lut pach’ sbehon on the bur irgormabon- foramen. aerator acbben dell, iff oun adblred. GE Re olerfinrahor- achlyors pel match the ehbronr acblen , tha sfpation bucerds the. ipormeher- back one the dus Sf He erhraton wOohe.s matcher Re sbdon asker if accophs Ra. vee foun anch preets the frame. ‘Ox ts a Closed leop 3. . ay & feet lechnolegee- 3. No Clable. corver nee ach ar a ry PEREA Tf ene nocle fuk entre. rho Wl Ae bo. xf node & power dake & node 5 fut iF power ti peck § , iL will chock & seni 6 pede 4 : Pen it will Check &terd le poole &- 6 Caches fae in one Avvechon Y. Noaxetmum | te neder . Merk Topology Te B®. be Each pode bs —. “pe woth ofkord , & Communi cabo : Apphrcedhe oy somal a A. High. Lyp and more. complex SS one node, fails dolla nfo will nob be we© Open syptem inlerennechon model of 80 Dor Keferoncx Moole, MOST 4 acceped as ap talernahonal ehanchard rm 1982 eos: is ued A cbuelep intorachre. a ye There are Y layora . Wwe Can chminale ex prorge Some layers. Pub cal, Daba Link & ashe yes are a % Pach lager 3 an apen sytem che. Omyrunicabe, woth Ib equal another open Syten be using | profocels ified oo an Abardard + Dubead ¢ cuss atre. Aah cmnunicaboy aga Angle mode , The frrk & broker eob- vatow Aubftarke Each subheok operates ecepvely. a diferat lagere 4 fhe ammanicabor- arcifectre.> Date te tanemt- bit ever a medium te provide mechanical and ebbehical cpecificshons 2) Dak oT lar Te oxgarixe. bibs tnls fremes. & provide Node 6. node chlivey wb , errr hardlng and 0 Cobol. 7 0 i Er Te reve pacteh fon Source. be desbrahon. and Te porde. ilenehorog, and etl A Trans or dea) prove end ls ard mevage cbelivey & enor recovery . 5) Seaton layer “To estableh, manage Aewion. dialeg manepenod 8) Prezddechon layer Te Franslade. encrgph and Compret chba. inchuole- dada Convors'00 ard tebe and ber minabe. This heommceeioe rans lator a? ASCE & EBevie 1. Apphahen layer eae be pf eh POM eB@ Sass eta : Soild 7 Techniguet. Liveuit Soothing |, Ga ccvcuit seston there. ip A Adicated Bmmuricator the” sen pot beboeen and eeviving, Aevicer, wo Communication Via. Ocreuit™ ctearfeling. touclres, 3 2hepe . Circuit exbablichmed: Baba hansler " Grewit betmenakon . 3. Crtuit pestle (8 main wted for volte tebplons. nehoork , ¢ # b x Newage Goitcing nt is net necouare & pebabbh a dedicated poh bedveen. Ae cendig and ee: choice G menage. cnoitehifg te tenclng device. apport he dleulnaher adchou & the pounge. and paint ut & fe nehook. . Phe. meteage is Hor Ayo the. nebroork mm One. mock. & another Ht} ences the tlencbl erbredlor. pede yeociver, @ meuepe, stored t & Re not noole , 3. 3 Fach witching it buvofy ard Phen trans aids A. Prample of mevage witching ate. elechsic. tnails , Compuler files, febpane ard tramachn quuce , debgrypop Ke nerpences.Meclium ecou Conbrol (Mac) 7 » When only a. ctrgte channel ayathtle dokonmnieg- oho Should ge nek} bors much harder. & Polocols are wal & solve tix problem x Probe cobe are & cel of veer tab gorerne olaba Loammunieahion . 4 In 4 Anh orence call 7} Hove ave. & peoply back. Cur hoa. ard tolk. & all oer The ed Ithely. Hab when one of Hn ecfepe “pecking, 8 or more. csill stark talleing at mesm for eszaphe aba wooly , pare veote once, lodiry t= chaos * Zn fee & pe meckng , people. geese Hair Irande & reqeert Permenier & ; Te tole Hur pobtem rn nwo prtrocols ave » Broad Cart channel are tomebmer referred fs ae mulbacces Channel. br varden Lecert Choonels | x Tha prbocli und & chlorine whe goer new on & malhy acceci choonal bebnpe & fee siblayer of te Arba lnk layer celled Mme (Meclicum accor Corb) ) soblayen > MAC sulbupr oh expecially rngortant oO tance of Jkacet choad oe a) Wetae A lipet 1. Comnmnard | Reiponte. 2 Token Paning- 3. asa [ed a. tee (=P x Prolscod 12 a eb of ouler That goer dota. Cmmunication , SA probrcol defense uekak ommanicabed how +e Communicabed ‘ard tohon it & See oe The key elemenly cr protocols ane -sgnbx, sewarbia. ancl being oe orefer be He ehuchine. or formal of the A Crinmard ]Rerponse. Profical x A client Znmunicake. votth, ether chen vaith the permicsion. of Harter. x» Marker taser Command te te nodog, and cleent respond ak. xQepording- time. 4 ead hede & 0. lee ad aad. lienk pwoaike ibe dum. ote fe ee, by server. a+ Time. » Time 4 ei pollicg. * Lurgan aommuniahkon inet prossibh. : geet ThWier Eel ed | El wt ea (Fue lowe ba [dire | (Glave En Cmmard | Response profoeo] ene fy uk celled ho mather » ancl all the ofkans ave —thver, A claewe. Can send ihe meu only when, Ro. marker corde. it a sommd "y * Golerraph Dever sf Caso or mere. Abel inderrupl masher Ainallencously. llesron OCCA. Seperede- boain hardware Li regvired & ford Server Inher a. Cpllivar heer with rrereae & no Gf tool. |Tekon Pauig Peo ° Ty tohen patra all wen can le. rehh ‘cyual in Abad There 2 Re mater [slie Cncapt A rreunge in ae xpotied freon called chhen. Conkoining Dp no. ard Derbrabon nede acbheu ie serd from one wer node & anckkor > 07 Aeyochon « Dusng His dma. all Re etka neboork Neder Can oly lider. & the rehash. Token b paing- Aorkinuonr bl) Re. toler aired b tke vecedver rede. Recetver neck — xende. aan aclenocoledgement tolen it wocerver the toleen . —— han pasa fice tad \ up en: SE pedo tet wanke 2mmuniate ooh. node 2 Wb sends a tober. and nota-2 recatvee wh and clecke ancl pases & node-£. Nab + Pain and amds an acknovwledgenanh (aaa uPa) Catiier env Mulhphe Aeceu with Colliion Delechoo Eemn Jed) esr] en augmenks te aborithn E handle. the Collicton- Ip thus metRocl , a Chadron monitors Ba. medecum after ib ends A prame & we Z Ho. heansmussion was Succeufud . Sf «50, tHe. hehon is firvahed . Sf however doene 2 Colleston , the frome ua enh again. 6 letter urclerstand cemalen » let ua bok at the feo like teanemiledd tho. tise stochont Jnvelveal cn Hho. Goilicion. AtiRoygh each Metron conknner [= serdl bike i Re frame wnat it oblecke the Goleston , we Alec tohab happens as tke. perk bebe allide, Hq aboes dahon. fw CE sovowed "9 Alhsion. ; At dima ty , Sabon ibe porcshene protediave are stots sending. f te te bis ifs frome At time &, dahon c. has nek yok “ eenud He foot Lit tena by A. Galion 2 evecuber Ihe persistence and arbks aondng the 1 bike in hs prame, rsh prpydte Le |p Ha left ard fer de aglt he Glisten actus Sonotinca after lo rabron 2 debede a ell:stoo ab dime. bx ushan it nat Li} of. Als frome. Staton C rrecotver fhe fimo, bub we cuuna— Immediakaly. for ater Abort rmmediahely) ahorks transmastion.Stadion A debecta elbeston at time. ty tshon it weeetvor He Lina bet of #' CS frame, False immediate! sy J AES frames Palio mally Pooler at fhe fgue wo we. Rab A chanamits Ha churabion yb, , @ fremamits for He alurabon bby. , The hranamission Al prone Rouge A ime ba , the Prbnamussrod Incomplete, vs aboked , af diene ” Bis pore though infenplle , 0 aboted . Miniiowm roma Sire : For esr} on wok We nood a i n on He frame. “12e- , Before aorcirg Usdedkvon muak dalekoO Gomafed Flow agra c hoon in fag tha hrm pu col, bad ane ave. sc Lifer © Ta Derek cbperewe’ ts the eadelbar of HO porsetanca _ We ned |e rene Ka Chamel befme- tne ef serdine fe frame wing one of fho. persone. prwues gn) es Cron poresrtonk, 1 pestfent @ a cian va Ro frome fein . dn ftonn we don dronantt Re tone endive frre Ken wart fer an achnowledremedd Dn esmal cn tien and the adlizvon atelechtoy a conbsrmous proau, We dow ad the endve. ard How oe fore aellscron . The Slakion tranemats | Conhauoualy. ad simallencouesly (using a differed he rs tie waelmp tb Ato dd denn 3 « dataset, pews .We natant. pronifer’ in exdor le Acbect one'd Ko Onclipone . ctor bt transmiceron le fined or QAlicron is elected. Grier ovedh tpt. taron . lohan Come oud of fho- loop Jif Ableton bas pot bear. delerhel, Hb meant PRod drton oF complete. , Ro erdbre. i Rami lbed, bfhowise a- GA liston 1 ey Ort att diff 4 sending of a. sh jana Hab enforer a. Allston 9 cae Le. fae not woh torsod He Collrcrn . i Ba clliwen, 4 ory ward able Ha. tranemseevon , Ths & 70 becomse. the. cdhuhen, one the ortire frome i ord , does not heap < rat the frome. and loos nel monitor the lve. for athaton oletecon » There fre 7 to ame: raion dma. Tp mah be et leash bso toe fhe mawimum propagahon tna. Tp. Jebus thik abouk the worst care Scenario , —,, sfotrons jpvolved wD & Gollrston = ave ota a he mand Ree oft Be be reach the feat spat efadvor— Mapimun Airdance Jeleen time Tp 5 yeah the 2 Collision takes anether timo. TP So the requiremed: os hab the te ie . put xbit be. fronamitiog after 27“& 2 The rep [DP proto suite wes darelaped pror & the oof Model, Trofore te you ov the tela? petal cuite do net arnactly. match these tte. OSE mech). The. niger rep [9? probed suite @ad | afr as having four byew. Hot: te netsh, internet, teampol. Zend apptcaton However, shen TeP|EP os cenpared OST. wo can ay Hab Flo fost-b reboot layer & 2quivalod b the. Combination of He pte aod date link lagers. “Tha inberak layer puivnlanh & Re. tho layer, and the applieabon layer in roughly dong he gob of ta. senior, prosentahen a applenton legocs with, fe rans port layer tn rerloPr fabiy fare f- pole fhe Auber of Re cenion layer. So py Mikagdhetle goo cuume dap te Ter he profocdd auile t "ta Hace fagost heyort He ost Hel howoner ane pr represented un rer |EP yy «yesbyor called apptichon layer Spee - eae [SCE ser) EAE oe se gL tat st-tehoob) Eee d mberacbre moduler Ter [EP protocol gach q wabe pes. = sph finder lner, He moolules. are aot necuarly tnborolepondod Coherecas lo Bet moclel specs shih fuachors belong & eck. a ls layers, Re fhe or [TP pwetee) suite tonharn geleby 7 proteas Hot aan be. robe and on the needs fo apten. The. fem Aecardieal Y reang that topper Lonel prosksiel - Auppobed & ene oF More, bener level probrcals, M dhe transpooh L layer Ter keP Aefiner 2 pobeels > Thien aoakel Potro (Te), tuo Debeyme Protocol (usr) ard Fhream Brtrel Trans tourer Pooeol ey ef ee® Aiferal ly Teper a Phe. Trbernehoorbing Preboeol (1) ee The transmission Anko! Protocol (rer) provider af Rrarspok — yer Aorvites to aappltcathons » TCP tea qeliable Cheam ‘trantpob pofoed The derm Sirea , tn Rie Grhert, meank eonnechon - prioaked | he Connechion mush be estaldisded bfro bef encle. gx coansmiccron before aithor Can transmit dafa. At the. dercling— ena focnk transmission , ae Sati Le Gh aode Sain a bh. Fach, yn a Aequene. amber’ ier EO. receipt fagetfer with an acknowt camenl- number fr he meal received . Snel are. cared acess dhe internal intide 4 xP hap rame . At tho. veeatvir end , TCP Coblechs each dede gram as iF Bmoe to anl Yenwlort Ra Axion buod on eg nonce. punters . Top # drscosw Wer Dubagran Iadoel_ (un?) Cre Uap b He cimpbr d the len Branded 0p [LP benspot joole TRG @ proces bb pres protocol Hab adds only pot add yeuer Checksum — exror Conk! , and length informebson kedate from the upper lager . Grex lorbel Transmission Prboeol eCtP prrvieles supp pr nawer applradons fucka yore ever the inlend of ix a dyangpot loyer piefood Tp enbice tie bed focburoe of upp and TR. Frbenebwesting Foboeel (7) oe a Re transmission mechanism vaca by te. -we iP protredds Th & an unekalfe. and Caneckorley patrol — a best effoP delivery service . the berm best ofPnt meant Hiab EP provider. Hew erer checbae or tracking . eiceacaternuertal Fhe. Lorebiahkty gf the tinderlyag layert wo and leas ihe best & qt we tenemiccion Theeugghe bike debnadion , bub voit No quaruleot . ct ranspobs cabs in packet Oxted clgma aah colts is trarapoted sseparabely Dekegroas can travel along. cliffered rules, ancl on artic cub Sequence or be. obupbbatel IP coer ade hap Frck of Be whe el bes te fuoily fr veer: dlatagramd. one ara. at this bubs. “tThe limiled funebooakte- of TP should Se he. Conitlored a weakner®, howener . LP provides Lave - boner, fransmicsion funehons Heb free fhe- turer aad only Rosa. fanisbes. rwcnvog) fore J appbeaken and Povey. allowe for maxcinuun efPuicncyDek Lok Lonbel Pobce] & Tuo Mein frechront of olate lnk layer ate. Bab. Lik om eo deals worth ae an Media Aceew = ps : Mehe. bik. Control rears w ia! a {low and anor Orkil, ard cofhona inplecrerbal © Prtonts cel provide AesR. end! nell, tres of free. Yo ners: & protraks ave there . Too for voiceless (iter) ghannel and 3 frome ckeonels. (pel): Hy bere) Dele Linke Cont| pote! Peper bebe oriented goto Baba Lok lho! Protocol . HoL.C + chi abtonented _protoud for Emmuntioden over prnt-b-pemnk and multiple links, Sh ents ARO bch AO ( Bubonake nf eee Brew corel alleys the. ‘eeeryor Inform fe. Aerder of ad prance loch a damaged (2 theaas miso ard Coordincrber the qeteens mission of frose fomee be the Sender -vopers primate & metteds of enor cletechoo ard hansmicsion . fme an ener os deleted cr an exchape , pees ted feemes are. robrourims tool. This proces i ng cautomake repeal yepuset CARO) Csrbequretiona ard Tarafer Modes Princes Ababon Can serd command ane! a ery ban only. orp: WARM cs wesl fe bot poink- le —pomnh and multe. poiot Ink, a Seenchey® Se condos Sevonchryy Fama Clee pe be <—[Bews) chines. de Boe. Sf ie foot bit fe aallol “Pall 6b, HBr manne He. eine: can L-feme . the nowt @ bike are called N(S) chfine he ropuone. number of tke frane. Nole Rab- wth 3 kh, We tan tne a pone. 0. bho O&T but in the atenion fovmat 2a ashich, Ho corkelfell a @ bbe, thie field vx larger . The. lah bibs , dalled N( ) upd le the. Acknousledgment no. a th wed. Tho gindle Lt beleorn NIg) and Ie ts Called PIF bib. The Phe field isa ingle bit with. a dual purpose St has moanin ot whon it i Sob (bteD and Gn mear jel or fine, eae froma. a ek ly ce a Aeordan (whan He adohow a te fa ae gh py Ho frame is sent by a second: see ye Gobel Field for SPs Ssporviserd. fmmer are elle fluo and giwr Grhel shenower Pa bes i ilar imposcibfe os Inapprpriake. (25. Se eilher has no ade 4 tte coon & Serd or niady kod 2 Bomnad ow yeepense ofka- fran ah acknolepamerd ) @ frame. clo nek have. informabion fink Tf the ast @ bts oe Jo, this moans #ha es eda of frame. he hit bhs, called N(R) Gorrexponda, it Re acknowl number (ACK) w hegahye. Ackaowdledgmerd- punter (Nak) s onthe Hoe of 5 frome