Cc xc nh cc gi tr L, S, J HUNDS RULE

Quy tc 1: Cc spin si t hp nhau sao cho gi tr S t cc i v ph h p v i

nguyn l Pauli.
V d: .....3d6

S=2

Quy tc 2: Cc vect qu o li t hp vi nhau sao cho gi tr L t cc i

v ph hp vi quy tc 1
Lp d (l = 2)
n
6

lz
3d6

-1

-2

L = |lz|

Tnh tt c cc in t trong tt c cc c in t chim

L = 2() + 1 () + 0() - 1() - 2() + 2() = 2() = 2
HOC ch tnh cc in t trong cc c cha 1 in t (b cc ch a 2
in t:
L = 1 () + 0() - 1() - 2() = 2() = 2

Cc xc nh cc gi tr L, S, J

Quy tc 3: L v S t hp vi nhau to thnh J sao cho:

-J = |L-S|, nu s electron trong lp con NH hn mt n a s electron t i
a m lp con c th cha
-J = L+S, nu s electron trong lp con LN hn mt na s electron t i a
m lp con c th cha
-J = S, nu s electron trong lp con BNG hn mt n a s electron t i a
m lp con c th cha

Lp d (l = 2)
n
6

lz
3d6

-1

-2

L = |lz|

Lp d (l = 2)
n

lz
2

-1

L = |lz|

3/2

-2

K hiu
2S+1
LJ

3d1

3d2

3d5

5/2

5/2

3d6

3d10

D3/2
3

F2

3
4
6

S5/2
D4

7
8
9
10

D0