29/07/2011

MASON FILM

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HAI
TI

EARTHQUAKE
2010
-

THE
END




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Gujarat Fault Line

GUJARAT IS TECHTONIQUALI VULNERABLE AND

EARTHQUAKES IN FUTURE CANNOT BE AVOIDED

Kutchh Fault Line

GUJARAT IS TECHTONIQUALI VULNERABLE AND

EARTHQUAKES IN FUTURE CANNOT BE AVOIDED



Earthquake fatalities on the rise
The annual fatality rate from
earthquakes will rise in the
next 30 years, partly to
moderate earthquakes near
large cities.
The main threat is from a
few catastrophic
earthquakes near
supercities (populations 228 million).



Global earthquake risk has
more than quadrupled in the
past century - a result of
global urbanization.



Wheres the risk?



On average, earthquakes kill
5000-8000 people/year in
moderate events (<30,000
deaths/event). This rate has
doubled twice in the past 250
years.
The true fatality annual fatality
rate is much higher if truly
catastrophic earthquakes
(earthquakes where more than
30,000 are killed per earthquake)
are included.



The Catastrophic urban earthquake threat

The destructiveness of infrequent large fatality earthquakes is aggravated by

the growth of large numbers of urban targets. Not only are there more
supercities, but they are larger than ever before.
If a suitably sized target-city exists (e.g. an urban agglomeration exceeding
9 million), an earthquake with 3 million fatalities can occur about once every
150 years.
The early 21st century development of 27 megacities provides many new
target-cities.



Asia A Disater Prone Region
FROM 1991 TO 2000 THE DATA COLLECTED BY ADRC
INDICATE
38% OF WORLDS DISASTER OCCURRED IN AISA BUT
5,88,000 PEOPLE WERE KILLED WHICH IS 78% OF
WORLDS CASUALTY
1.9 BILLION PEOPLE WERE AFFECTED WHICH IS 90%
OF THE PEOPLE AFFECTED IN THE WORLD

Asia - Disasters

ECONOMIC LOSSES AMOUNTED TO

374 BILLION US DOLLARS WHICH
ACCOUNTS FOR 54% OF THE
WORLDS TOTAL DAMAGES



Earthquake Disasters Of Asia
BAM IRAN EARTHQUAKE 2003 KILLED
30,000 PEOPLE
BHUJ INDIA EARTHQUAKE 2001 KILLED
45,000 PEOPLE
TANGSHAN CHINA EARTHQUAKE 1976
KILLED 6,55,000 PEOPLE

Modes Of Earthquakes
Tata BB meet\modes of eq.dat

Earthquake Occur At

faults
plate boundaries



Energy Release A Quake

Elastic Rebound Theory

Horizontal Seismograph



Vertical Seismograph

Typical Seismograph

Earthquake Basics

Some points to remember to survive natures fury

THE EARTHQUAKE

Proper Planning
Proper Structural Design
Quality Material
Good Construction
Regular Maintenance

What happens if any of these are not followed?

Seismic Zones of India

Tata BB meet\SEISMIC ZONES.dat

EARTHQUAKES
DO NOT KILL PEOPLE
BUT
MAN MADE STRUCTURES DO



?
go2ra 3

5
4
3
2

= 3.14 x x

16

201

2-16 mm

402

12

113

3-12 mm

339

12

113

4-12 mm

452

. . .

. . .

1/2

1-1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

10 * (3 )
200
40 *
250
50 *

Bar bending sample for a ring

Bar bending.MPG

Masonary retrofitting Experiment

Tata BB meet\MASONARY RETROFITTING

EXPERIMENT.dat

Well designed tower standing

intact near epicentre at Bhuj

(CONFINMENT DUCTILE DETAILING)

Some points to know

Tata BB meet\HOUSE OWNER.dat

Concept of Ductile Detailing

Seismic band

Tata BB meet\BAND EXPERIMENT 1.dat

Seismic bands Experiment

Tata BB meet\EARTHQUAKE BANDS roorkee

.dat

LET US UNDERSTAND
SOME BASICS OF
EARTHQUAKE FORCES ON
BUILDINGS

EFFECT OF INERTIA IN A BUILDING WHEN

SHAKEN AT ITS BASE & RELATIVE MOTION
WITHIN A BUILDING

Principal directions of a building

Earthquake force can act in any or all these

directions

Flow of Seismic forces

FLOW OF SEISMIC INERTIA FORCE

THROUGH ALL STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

Performance of buildings

BUILDING WITH ONE OF THEIR OVERALL SIZES

MUCH LARGER OR MUCH SMALLER THAN
OTHER TWO DO NOT PERFORM WELL DURING
EARTHQUAKES

Simple Shapes of buildings

better

Poor performers

UDDEN DEVIATION IN LOAD TRANSFER PATH ALONG TH

HEIGHT LEADS TO POOR PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING



Some wrong notions among people
Providing more steel makes a building safe
Providing steel at proper location is more
important
RCC buildings do not require any maintenance
RCC buildings properly constructed and
maintained increases the life and safety.



IF WE DO NOT TAKE CARE OF
OUR BUILDINGS
WE MAY END UP SEEING SOME
OF THESE!

Entry to Anjar blocked



Improper design of columns

Staircase collapse in Anjar

Dangerously damaged column

Gokul Apartment at Bhuj is a heap

of rubbles 100 people dead

How come surrounding buildings are standing

intact?

Building lying horizontal

Close up view of the same bldg.



SPITAK ARMENIA EARTHQUAKE

DECEMBER 7, 1988
M 6.8
11:41 AM LOCAL TIME
BLIND THRUST FAULT
SPITAK WAS IN THE BULLS EYE
HOSPITALS AND SCHOOLS COLLAPSED
SEARCH AND RESCUE NEEDED TO SAVE
TRAPPED VICTIMS



SPITAK EARTHQUAKE HIGHLIGHTS
NEW CONCRETE FRAMED BUILDINGS PERFORMED
POORLY
SCHOOLS PERFORMED POORLY
AT LEAST 25,000 PEOPLE KILLED
IF THE QUAKE HAD OCCURRED 5 MINUTES LATER,
CHILDREN WOULD HAVE BEEN OUTSIDE THE
SCHOOL BUILDINGS
HOSPITALS PERFORMED POORLY
THEY WERE NOT AVAILABLE AT THE TIME OF
GREATEST NEED

Earthquakes A global
scenario



SPITAK EARTHQUAKE

UNREINFORCED MASONARY

RCC FRAMED BUILDINGS

Spitak New buildings poor



HERITAGE BUILDINGS - SPITAK



DEBRIS AND TRAFFIC HINDER
EMERGENCY RESPONSE

SEARCH AND RESCUE

Earthquake at Bam, Iran

Some of the damages

Residential Colapse

Arial view of Bam



Hyatt Hotel Baguio City, Philippines



Earthquake Disaster in Mexico
City (1985)



The 1985 Michoacan Earthquake
(Ms = 8.1)

The earthquake caused considerable destruction and

loss of life in Mexico City, about 350 km from the EQ
epicenter.

LET US ALL COME TOGATHER TO BUILD A STRONGER

NATION AND DETERMINE NOT TO REPEAT OUR
MISTAKES
REMEMBER THAT THERE IS NO GREATER LOSS THAN
LOSING AN INNOCENT LIFE

Acknowledgements

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH

INSTITUTE
TATA STEEL
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION
EARTHQUAKE TIPS BY BMTPC & IIT KANPUR
NICEE WEBSITE
DOST PHILIPPINES
YOU



Mall of India - Gurgaon



Siruseri Techno Park - Chennai



Tata Consultancy Services - Mumbai



Infosys Global Edu. Center-Mysore

SD Towers - Mumbai



Environmental Township - Pune

pirvar