Cambridge International A Level Physics

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOC questions

Chapter 30

so the frequency of the light emitted is much

higher.[1]

1 E = hf[1]
= 6.6310344.01018 = 2.71015J
[1]

34
8
6.6310 310
9 a
E = hc
=
[1]
9

59010

19

E = 3.410 J
[1]
b i Electrons have zero potential energy at
infinity, and less than this near the nucleus.
[1]
ii Electron is excited from the 5.81019J
level to the 2.41019J level,
[1]
absorbing all the energy of the incident
photon.[1]
iii Incident light is directional; light is
reemitted in all directions.
[1]

2 For shortest wavelength:

E = hc
[1]
34

6.6310 310

= 41023J
=
0.005
so range is from 41023J to 41025J
3 a
E = 1.021051.601019 = 1.631024J
24

b f = hE = 1.631034 = 2.46109Hz

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

6.6310
8
c
c = f = 3.010 9 = 0.12m
2.4610

[1]

4 a
E = 51061.61019 = 8.01013J
b i 10000eV
ii E = 100001.61019 = 1.61015J
21
c E = 610 19 = 3.8102eV
1.610

[1] 10
[1]
[1]
[1]

5 a
Charge = 2e[1]
so energy in eV = 27500 = 15000eV
[1]
19
15
b E = 150001.610 = 2.410 J
[1]
16

10 2 2
4.810
c v2 = 2E
27 = 7.0610 m s [1]
m=

6.810

18

[1]
[1]
[1]

[1]

7 Minimum frequency = work function[1]

h
19
= 1.21015Hz
[1]
= 4.91.610
34
6.6310

8 a
Energy required = 54.4eV
= 54.41.61019 = 8.71018J
b Energy change = 13.66.1 = 7.5eV
19

f = hE = 7.51.610
= 1.81015Hz
34
6.6310

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

This lies in the ultraviolet region.

[1]
c The drop in energy from n = 2 to n = 1 is much
more than that from n = 3 to n=2,[1]

4.810

= 4.110 m
[1]
2
iii If E is inversely proportional to n , then En2
is a constant.
n = 1: En2 = 21.91 = 21.9
n = 2: En2 = 5.44 = 21.6
n = 3: En2 = 2.49 = 21.6
[1]
All products are approximately the same.
[1]
Alternative route is to compare ratios of
E1:En and 1 2: 1 2 
[1]
(n1) (nn)
with linking comment.
[1]

v = 8.4105ms1[1]
6 a
photon energy in eV = 2.51019 = 15.625eV
1.610
Maximum energy
= photon energy work function
= 15.6254.3 = 11.3eV
b Converting this to joules:
maximum energy
= 11.31.61019 = 1.81018J

a Electron is totally removed from the nucleus.
[1]
(accept atom is ionised)
b i The potential energy of the electron is less
in level 2 than in level 3,
[1]
so energy is given out (as a photon).
[1]
ii Change in energy = 2.4(5.4) = 3.0eV or
4.81019J
[1]
34
8
6.6310 310
hc
hc
[1]
E = leads to = E =
19

11

a i Electromagnetic radiation displays
properties associated both with particles
[1]
and with waves.
[1]
ii Radiation below certain frequency will
not produce photoelectrons / maximum
energy of photoelectrons increases linearly
with frequency.
[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014

Cambridge International A Level Physics

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Energy of a packet (particle) depends on

frequency (wave).
[1]
b Energy of the photon is less than the work
function,[1] 14

which is the minimum energy required to
remove an electron from the metal surface.
[1]
c Read off frequency = 5.61014Hz
[1]
34
14
E = hf = 6.6310 5.610 [1]
= 3.71019J
[1]
d Gradient, e.g.
19

gradient = (1.820)1.610
14
4.410

h = 6.621034 6.61034Js
12

[1]
[1]

a Electrons show waveparticle duality.
[1]
The de Broglie wavelength is the wavelength
of an electron (of a definite energy).
[1]
19
b i 5.0keV or 8.010 J
[1]
2
2 2
1
1
ii E = 2 mv Em = 2 m v mv=p= 2Em[1]
p = 28.010199.11031[1]
[1]
= 3.81023Ns
34
6.6310
h
iii = p =
23 [1]

34
8
6.6310 310
d = hc
=

19
E

2.41.610

= 5.18107m or 520nm

[1]
[1]

a Metal: any 3 from:
Conduction and valence bands overlap. [1]
There are always electrons in conduction
band.[1]
Number of electrons in conduction band
does not change with temperature.
[1]
Higher temperature increases lattice / atomic
vibration, slowing movement of electrons /
Reducing drift velocity.
[1]
b Semiconductor: any 3 from:
At low temperatures, conduction band has
few electrons.
[1]
Band gap in energy exists between valence
and conduction bands.
[1]
Electrons need energy to go from valence
band to conduction band.
[1]
Higher temperature gives energy to electrons
to cross band gap.
[1]

3.810

= 1.71011m
[1]
c Neutrons have a greater mass than electrons,
so greater momentum
[1]
for same energy,
[1]
so shorter wavelength
[1]
13

a Valence band electrons are not free to move /
are bound to atoms
[1]
conduction band above valence band
[1]
valence band full and conduction band
empty or only a few electrons.
[1]
34
8
19
6.6310 310
hc
b E = =
= 4.4210 [1]
9
45010
19
4.4210
=
19 = 2.76eV
1.6010

[1]

c i Photons have enough energy

[1]
to promote electrons from the valence
band to the conduction band.
[1]
ii Greater intensity of light causes more
photons (per second) to hit the LDR.
[1]
More electrons are promoted, the current
is larger and resistance is smaller.
[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014