Midterm review

AP World History
Ms. Heath

The Test
80 Multiple Choice Questions
20%
20%
20%
40%

Period
Period
Period
Period

1 (14 questions)
2
3
4 (38 questions)

20 Geography questions
1 Comparative Essay

Period 1
Technological and Environmental
Transformations
to c. 600 B.C.E.

Vocabulary (for the Midterm)

Neolithic revolution
Sedentary
Domestication
Pastoral
Social hierarchy
Specialization
Social stratification

Period 1

OVERVIEW OF TOPICS

Topic of Period 1
Paleolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Neolithic revolution

River Valley Civilization

Paleolithic Age
Foraging (hunter and gathering)
Men hunting
Women gathering

Neolithic Age
Neolithic Revolution
Development of agriculture

Development
Gradual process: happened in different areas
independently

Neolithic Age cont.

Characteristic

Required more work than foraging

Population growth
Permanent settlements (increase of diseases)
Domestication of plants and animals

Effects

Specialization of labor
Increase of population
Trade begins
Social Stratification
Development of Writing

River Valley Civilization

River Valley civilizations
Tigris and Euphrates River
Mesopotamia (Sumerians) earliest civilization
Characteristics Writing Cuneiform
Ziggurats- building for worship (pyramid like)
Patriarchal society

Indus River (unpredictable flooding)

Harappan
Characteristics Unable to read writing
Laid cities in a precise grid like formation
Decline unknown

River Valley civilizations cont

Huang He River

The Shang & Zhou dynasties

Characteristics

Isolated from the others

Oracle bones
Social stratification
Women subordinate to men
Zhou-mandate of heaven

Nile River

Egypt
Characteristics

Irrigation projects to water fields

Pharaoh- king of Egypt Social stratification
Writing hieroglyphics
Build pyramids

Map of River Valley civilizations

Other items to know

Relationship between writing and
civilization
Allowed for record keeping
Organized governments

Review Questions!
1. The Neolithic Age
a) Saw the beginnings of urbanization
b) Saw the process of agriculture carried out
without the use of metal tools
c) Produced societies without class divisions
d) Saw a decline in global populations
e) Witnessed the end of nomadic societies

Review Questions
1. The development of agriculture caused
important changes in all of the following
EXCEPT
a) population size and life expectancy.
b) male-female relations.
c) the development of complex social
patterns.
d) the stability of human settlements.
e) the tendency to believe in many gods.

Review Question
3. The Neolithic revolution occurred first in
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

India.
the Middle East.
China.
Egypt.
Central America.

Review Question
1. The Indus River valley civilization
a. Relied heavily on communal planning
b. Is best studied through its written records
c. Was isolated from other river valley
civilizations because of surrounding
mountains
d. Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
e. Shared similar flood control concerns with
the Egyptians

Answer sheet
1.
2.
3.
4.

E
E
B
A

Period 2

Vocabulary

Reincarnation
Missionary
Cultural diffusion
Patriarchy
Democracy
Monsoon
Social Hierarchy
Stratification

OVERVIEW OF PERIOD 2

Topic in Period 2
Classical Civilizations
Origins of World Religions
Trade and interactions

Classical Civilization
Classical China
The Zhou

Mandate of Heaven
Centralized the government

The Qin

Came to power after the Era of Warring states

Build the Great Wall
Encouraged the manufacturing of Silk

The Han

Government bureaucracy grew stronger

Traded along the silk road
Expanded territory - recruited the local elite

Classical India

Monsoon controlled agriculture

Mauryan
Asoka

Gupta

Society: patriarchal
Downfall: invasions

Classical Civilization cont.

Classical Greece

Government: City-state

Classical Rome

Fall: too large for government to control and invasions

Characteristics
Republic
Empire: pax romana
Conquering other: recruit local elites

Persia

Locations: in Anatolia and the fertile crescents

Tolerance toward the customs of conquered people

Americas

Olmacs and Mayan

No interaction with the western hemisphere

Hellenistic Culture

Alexander the Great

Regions brought together by Alexander the Great: Middle East,

Mediterranean and south Asia

Religions
Judaism
Hinduism

Belief system in India

No founder
Vedas- religious scriptures
Reincarnation
Trying to reach mosha
Caste system

Buddhism

Formed from Hinduism (also founded in India)

Does not believe in the caste system

Confucianism

Found by confusion during the period of warring states in china

Filial piety: patriarchal family -> respect for ones elders and ancestors

Daoism

Also developed during the Era of warring states

Christianity

Also people of the book

Believe that Jesus Christ is the massiah

Trade and interactions

Silk Road
Connected the Mediterranean with east Asia

Indian Ocean trade

The maritime trade route

Trans-Saharan
Connecting West Africa with North Africa

Indian Ocean and Silk Road

Review Questions

Review Questions
1. The Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou
in that
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

it
it
it
it
it

lasted longer.
was more centralized.
was defeated by invading Huns.
practiced Confucianism.
eventually declined and fell.

Review Questions
1. The Persians
a. Were noted for their harsh treatment
towards conquered people
b. Continued the traditions of ancient
Mesopotamia
c. Introduced a new religion similar to the
structure of Hinduism
d. Failed to establish a unified empire
e. Focused on their commercial activity on
trade with china

Review Question
1. The Hellenistic empire of Alexander
a. Continued the competition with Persia begun
under the Greek poleis
b. Was successful in curbing foreign influence upon
Greece
c. Produced theories that accurately explained the
nature of the universe
d. Blended Mediterranean and the Middle Eastern
culture
e. Strengthened its hold upon the Mediterranean
world after Alexanders death

Review Questions
1. Both Hinduism and Buddhism
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Supported the caste system

Revered women
Became increasing popular in India
All of the above
None of the above

Review Questions
1. The declining years of Han China and the
Roman Empire shared all of the following
EXCEPT
a. A decline in morality
b. Assimilation of invading peoples into
imperial culture
c. Unequal land distribution
d. Decline in trade

Review Questions
1. Indian Ocean trade
1. Flourished in spite of constant interferences
from nomadic tribe
2. Saw mariners utilize the geographic forces of
the Indian Ocean
3. Declined with the fall of classical empires
4. Failed to establish connections with land
routes
5. Concentrated on trade among neighboring
people rather than long-distance trade

Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

B
B
D
E
C
B

Period 3

Vocabulary

Mosque
Indigenous
Interregional
Feudalism
Serfs
Bureaucracy

Overview

Rise and Spread of Islam

Expansion of China
Changes in European Institution
Trade
Americas

Rise and Spread of Islam

Rise
Origins: Muhammad
Split between the sunni and shia

Spread
Through trade and military conquest
Umayyad Caliphate
Abbasid Caliphate
Bagdad- downfall when city captured by the
Mongols

Expansion of China
Tang Dynasty

Expanded the empire

Expanded the bureaucracy
Scholar-gently
Restricted the Buddhist monasteries

Song Dynasty

Civil service exams emphasized in gain government

posts
Bureaucracy expanded

Mongol invasion

Restricted Chinese
Chinese no longer able to participate in their
government

Changes in European Institution

The Middle Ages

Battle of Tours-prevents the Muslims from moving into Europe (Iberian

Continent becomes Islamic)
Feudalism- political, economic and social system
Serfs- bound to the land but were not slaves (cant be bought or sold)

Plague

Disease that killed the majority of the European populations

Effects: More jobs for peasant and craftspeople who were in scarce supply

Crusades

Christian campaigns trying to take back the holy land from the Muslims
Opened Europe up to new contacts and ideas

Byzantine Empire

Acted as the trading center between Asia and Western Europe

Interacts with the Slavs

Slavic Homeland

North of the byzantine Empire

Trades raw materials
Large homeland
Convert to Eastern orthodox

Trade
Bantu Migrations

Exchange of ideas, technology and language in subSaharan Africa through the migration of the Bantu
speaking peoples.

Increase of trade

Trade along the Swahili coast (connected to the red

sea, Indian Ocean and Arabian sea)
Growth of cities by the increase of trade
Mongol Empire control lands in which the silk road
pasted through and makes the silk road secure for
travelers

Americas
Incas
Located along the Western coast line of South
America
Expanded through military conquest

Aztecs
Located in central Mexico
Inherent customs from previous civilizations
Expanded through military conquest
Change their environment for their needs

Review Questions

Review Questions
What was the most important "stepchild"
of the Byzantine civilization?
A) the Middle East
B) Russia
C) Italy
D) Poland
E) Greece

Review Questions
Which of the following statements concerning
the agricultural laborers of the medieval West
is NOT true?
A) They were slaves.
B) They received protection and the administration
of justice from their landlords.
C) They were obligated to turn over part of their
goods to remain on the land.
D) They retained essential ownership of their
houses.
E) They had heavy obligations to their lords.

Review Questions
Which of the following was NOT a
characteristic of American civilizations
during the post-classic period?
A) diverse civilizations
B) elaborate cultural systems
C) monotheism
D) highly developed agriculture
E) large cities based on elaborate political
and economic organization

Review Questions
The bubonic plague changed the economic
relationship between the upper and lower
classes of Europe. This occurred because
A. Jobs were plentiful and peasants and
craftspeople were in scarce supply
B. There were fewer jobs because of the
population decline
C. Nobles paid less because they needed less
D. Nobles raised wages because the plague was a
warning sign from god.

Review Questions
Of those listed below, which civilization
existed in the most complete state of
isolation in the period 600-1450?
A. Ming China
B. Delhi Sultanate
C. Aztec Empire
D. Carolingian France
E. Kievan Rus

Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.

B
A
A
A

Period 4

Vocabulary

Columbian exchange
Renaissance
Plantations
Middle Passage
Mercantilist
Absolutist
Liberia
Peninsular
Matriarchal
Indigenous
Reconquista
Catholic Reformation
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Isolationism
Jesuits

Overview

Empires and other political system

Exchanges and trade
System of Slavery
Cultural and Intellectual Changes

Empires and other Political System

Spain

Spanish colonies (Caribbean, Central, Latin and South

America)
Colonized- created settlement. (little Spain)
reconquista

Portugal

Colony- Brazil- plantations and port.

Slave trade

France

Absolute monarchy

England

Parliamentary Monarchy
Henry VIII- separated from the Roman Church Anglican Church

Russia

Expanded territory (Eastern Europe to Eastern Asia)

Peter and Catherine the Great- lead reforms to westernize
part of Russian culture

Empires and other Political System

Ottoman

Sunni Muslims
Conquered Constantinople
Thoughts on the west

Mughals

Located in India
Thought on the west
Accepting of Hinduism

Ming

Key feature

Went into a state of isolationism

Confucian based bureaucracy
Expansion
Jesuit tried to convert Chinese

Safavid

Shia Muslim
Thought on Europeans

Exchanges and trade

Trading Companies
Set up to help finance expeditions

Columbian exchange
Exchange of crops, animals and diseases between
Europe, Africa and the Americas
European disease caused depopulation of the
native Americas
New crops cause population increase in Europe
(potato)

Triangular trade
Europe sending manufactured good to Africa in
exchange for slave who were then sent to the
Americas for raw material which were sent to
Europe

System of Slavery
Beginnings

European with new technologies started to trade

and establish forts along the west African coast line
Slave trade had existed before but will become
more extreme

Trans-Atlantic Trade

European set up fort along the coast line.

Native African kingdoms raid neighboring kingdoms
and tribe for slaves
Slave traders preferred men than women
Many slaves died during the middle passage the
journey between Africa and Americas

Cultural and Intellectual Changes

Reformation

Started by Martin Luther (Germany)

Split from the catholic church

Catholic Reformation

Roman Catholic church reactions to the reformation.

Establish the Jesuit order

Scientific Revolution

New ideas about the natural word

Established the tradition of seeking answers to question about
nature through the application of reason and methodical
investigation of the World
Galileo
Newton

Enlightenment

Inspired by the scientific Revolution

Applied reason to the problems of human affairs and can be
understood .

Review Questions

Review Questions
Which of the following represents a difference
between the origins of the Ottomans and the
Safavids?
A) The Safavids originated from a Turkish nomadic
group.
B) The Safavids represented a highly militant strain
of Islam.
C) The Safavids represented the Shi'ite strain of
Islam,
D) The Safavids were of Chinese Origin.
E) The Safavids were originally frontier warriors.

Review Questions
What was the political impact of the presence of
Europeans on the African coast?
A) State formation in Africa took place on the Indian
Ocean coast away from the trade routes established by
the Europeans.
B) Strong centralized states began to form on the
coastline in close proximity to the European trade forts.
C) Europeans immediately divided up the entire
continent.
D) States were more likely to form in the savanna
regions of Africa.
E) West and central African kingdoms just inland from
the forts began to redirect their trade and expand their
influence.

Review Questions
What was the primary difference between the Spanish
and Portuguese empires?
A) The Portuguese treated their slaves better than did the
Spanish.
B) Portuguese colonies lacked the bureaucratic structure that
characterized the Spanish colonies after the middle of the
sixteenth century.
C) The Portuguese colony of Brazil was more intellectually
independent of the mother country than were the Spanish
colonies in Latin America.
D) Portuguese colonies did not have the heavy influence of
the Catholic Church found in Spanish colonies.
E) Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively
American, the Portuguese empire included colonies and
outposts in Asia and Africa as well as Brazil.

Review questions
As part of the "Colombian Exchange,"
which of the following was a European
contribution to the Americas.
A) bullion
B) potatoes
C) disease
D) corn
E) raw materials

Review Questions
What was the Western response to the problems
of international trade that they experienced in
1400?

A) Western nations began explorations of alternative

routes to Asia that would bypass the Middle East and
Muslim realms.
B) Western nations halted trade with Asia and the East
and became more dependent on European-produced
commodities.
C) They began to pull back from all but regional trade.
D) Many nations sought to establish alliances with the
Ottoman Empire in order to restore the trade routes.
E) Overland trade routes through northern Russia were
established to the East.

Answer Key

1. c
2. e
3. e
4. c
5.a