Three-Phase

System is not always in balance condition. At certain

times, for example at the time of the one-phase short circuit to ground,
the system becomes unbalanced.

Analysis

of unbalanced three-phase system, was done by utilizing the

symmetrical components.

Fortesque

states that voltage (or current) in an unbalanced system is

expressed as the sum of the balanced voltages (or currents). The
balanced voltages (or currents) are called as symmetrical components.

By

using symmetrical components, voltage and three-phase current in

the unbalanced state is transformed into symmetrical components.
After an analysis carried out on each symmetrical component, reverse
transformation is done and we get a solution of an unbalanced state

When solving the problem using the symmetric component and the
three phases from the system was expressed as a, b, and c so the
phase sequence of voltage and current in the system is abc.
Therefore the phase sequence from positive-sequence component
(from the unbalanced phasor) is abc, while the phase sequence from
negative-sequence component is acb.
The three symmetric component sets was stated with additional
subscription which are 1 for positive-sequence component, 2 for
negative sequence component and 0 for zero sequence component.

Three unbalanced phasor from three-phase system can be ordered into

three balanced phasor. A balanced set of these components are :
1.

Positive-sequence components which consists of the same three

phasor magnitude, separated from one another in phase of 1200,
and has the same phase sequence as the original phasor.

2.

Negative-sequence components which consists of the same three

phasor magnitude, separated from one another in phase by 1200,
and has the opposite phase sequence with the original phasor.

3.

Zero-sequence components which consists of the same three phasor

magnitude and the zero phase shift between one vector with
another.

Because on each unbalanced phasor,

the original is the number of
components, the original phasor which
expressed in tribes of components are:

The sum of the components graphically

in Figure 11.1 is to get the three
unbalanced phasor