LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL Cela lL STANDARDS eelLANDSCAPE _ ARCHITECTURAL | GRAPHIC STANDARDS STUDENT EDITION Leonard J. Hopper, RLA, FASLA Editor-in-Chief Smith Maran Architects Graphics Editor JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.CONTENTS Preface vi Acknowledgments ic Part 1 PRACTICE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1 GENERAL 3 Overview of the Profession 3 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION 4 Overview of Construction Dacumentation 4 Project Manval 5 CConstrvction Drawing Layout 6 Symbols 8 Landscape Panning ENVIRONMENTAL AND LEGAL 14 Environmental Review 14 Legal-Permits and Regulations 16 PROJECT ADMINISTRATION 18 Project Management 12 Business Administration: Record, Legal Labilty 20 Cost Estimating 23 Bieding 25 CConstruccion Observation 26 Postoceupancy Evaluation 30 Part 2 STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES 33 HUMAN FACTORS 35 Human Nature and Spstial Relationships 35, (Community Participation 38 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 40 Modifying Solar Raciation 40 Modifpngwind 44 Regional Climace 47 Modifing Microclmates 50 Modifing Air Qualky 52 Brownfield Evakntion $4 Environmental Hazards 55 Wetlands Evakation 56 Resource Inventory and Conservation 58 Sustainable Ske Design 60 CULTURAL FACTORS 68 Historic Landscapes: 68 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS 76 (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design 76 Site Security Planning and Landkeape Design Criteria 85 SITE PLANNING 92 Environmental Site Analy 92 ‘The Town Planing Process 95 Rural Vilage Design 97 Elements of Urbanism 99 Plan Types 101 Block Types 102 (Open Space Types 103, Building Types 108 Spacal Defnkion 108 Frontage Types 109 Landscape Typet 110 ‘Tradiional Neighborhood Desgn 11) Site Panring for Fire Protsction 113, Residencial Se Panning 114 Residential Dentity 115 Single-Family Detached Housing 116 Single Family Atached Housing 17 Context-Sensitive Solutions | 18 ‘Transt-Oriented Development. |20 CIRCULATION 127 Vehicular Circulation |27 Parking Standards 137 Parking Lot Design Gudetne: 138 Parking Space Dimensions 140 Parking Loc Design 41 Accessible Parking 142 Bicycle Circulation 144 Recreational Tals and Shared-Use Paths 147 ACCESSIBILITY 151 ‘Access to the Outdoor Setting 151