N CHUYN NGNH IN T

GVHD: V TUN MINH

Li m u
Ngy nay cng ngh ngy mt pht trin vt bc, nhng ng dng
in t ang thay th dn cho nhng lao ng th cng. Trong ngnh y hc
cng vy, n i hi c nhng thit b ng dng c kh nng kim tra, nh
gi v i hi chnh xc cao. My o v kim tra nhp tim cng l mt
thit b rt cn thit trong nghnh ny. Gip kim tra nhanh v chnh xc, h
tr nhiu trong cc bnh vin cng nh cc c quan, c nhn ang quan tm
n sc khe bn thn.
V vy ti chn ti ny nhm to ra mt thit b nh gn nhng
ng dng rt l thit thc.
Do hn ch v kh nng chuyn mn nn n cn nhiu thiu xt v
ti s c gng hon thin trong thi gian ti.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn tn tnh ca thy V Tun
Minh v cc thy c trong khoa, ti hon thnh xong n ca mnh.
Ti xin cam oan y l thnh qu do qu trnh tm hiu v hc hi t
bn b, khng sao chp t bt c n no khc.

Nng, Ngythng..nm.
Sinh vin thc hin

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH

MC LC
1.1 Gii thiu chng:...................................................................................................4
1.2 Tm hiu v nhp tim:...........................................................................................4
1.3 o nhp tim bng phng php hp th quang hc:.................................................4
1.3.1 C s l thuyt:.................................................................................................4
1.3.2 V tr t cm bin:............................................................................................6
1.4 Kt lun chng:......................................................................................................6
2.1 Gii thiu chng.....................................................................................................7
2.2 S khi v chc nng cc khi............................................................................7
2.2.1 S khi tng quan:........................................................................................7
2.2.2 Chc nng cc khi:..........................................................................................7
2.3 Chn linh kin s dng cho cc khi:......................................................................8
2.3.1 Chn vi iu khin cho khi x l trung tm:...................................................8
2.3.2 Chn LCD hin th k qu:................................................................................9
2.3.3 Chn linh kin khi cm bin nhp tim:..........................................................12
2.3.4 Chn linh kin khi lc v khuch i:...........................................................12
2.3.4 Khi ngun:.....................................................................................................12
2.4 Kt lun chng:....................................................................................................12
PHN 2: THIT K, TNH TON V THI CNG MCH..........................................13
3.1 Gii thiu chng:.................................................................................................13
3.2 Thit k, tnh ton khi ngun:...............................................................................13
3.3 Thit k, tnh ton khi cm bin:..........................................................................13
3.3.1 S mch:.....................................................................................................14
3.3.2 Tnh ton linh kin:.........................................................................................14
3.5. Thit k, tnh ton tng lc v khuch i:............................................................15
3.4.1 S mch:....................................................................................................15
3.4.2 Tnh chn linh kin:........................................................................................15
3.5 Thit k, tnh ton khi x l trung tm v khi hin th........................................17
SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
3.5.1 S mch:....................................................................................................17
3.5.2 Tnh ton:........................................................................................................17
3.6 Kt lun chng.....................................................................................................17
4.1 Gii thiu chng:.................................................................................................18
4.2 Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh:...................................................................18
4.3 Lu thut ton o nhp tim:...............................................................................19
4.4 Lu thut ton giao tip LCD............................................................................20
4.5 Code lp trnh:........................................................................................................21
4.5.1 Chng trnh chnh..........................................................................................21
4.5.2 Th vin hm LCD:.........................................................................................24
4.5 Kt lun chng:....................................................................................................28
5.1 Gii thiu chng:.................................................................................................29
5.1 Layout:...................................................................................................................29
5.2 Lp rp v kim tra mch:......................................................................................30
5.3 Kt lun chng:....................................................................................................31

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH

M u
- Ni dung n: Tm hiu, thit k, tnh ton v thi cng mch o nhp tim
- n gm c 5 chng:
+ Chng 1: Tm hiu v nhp tim v cc phng php o nhp tim
+ Chng 2: S khi
+ Chng 3: Thit k v tnh ton s mch
+ Chng 4: Lu thut ton v lp trnh
+ Chng 5: Thi cng mch
- Phng php nghin cu, thc hin n: tnh ton thit k mch, xy dng cc lu
thut ton v thi cng lp rp kim chng tnh ng n ca phn thit k v cc lu
thut ton xy dng.
- Kt qu t c ca n: Thit k thi cng thnh cng mch in o nhp tim v hin
th ln LCD

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH

PHN 1: L THUYT
CHNG 1: TM HIU V NHP TIM V PHNG PHP O NHP TIM
BNG HP TH QUANG HC
1.1 Gii thiu chng:
Chng ny s tm hiu v nhp tim v o nhp bng phng php hp th quang
hc.
1.2 Tm hiu v nhp tim:
- Khi nim: Nhp tim l s nhp p ca tim trn mt n v thi gian, thng
c tnh v nhp/pht. Nhp tim c th thay i theo nhu cu hp th Oxi v bi tit
CO2 ca c th, v d nh lc tp th dc v lc ng.
- Bng thng s nh gi nhp tim trng thi ngh ngi:

Bng 1.1 [1]: Thng s nh gi nhp tim ngi trng thi ngh ngi
1.3 o nhp tim bng phng php hp th quang hc:
1.3.1 C s l thuyt:
- Khi tim p, mu s c dn i khp c th qua ng mch, to ra s thay i
v p sut trn thnh ng mch v lng mu chy qua ng mch. V vy, ta c th o
nhp tim bng cch o nhng s thay i .

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH

Hnh 1.1: Dng tn hiu nhp tim

- Khi lng mu trong thnh ng mch thay i s lm thay i mc hp th
nh sng ca ng mch, do khi mt tia sng c truyn qua ng mch th cng
nh sng sau khi truyn qua s bin thin ng b vi nhp tim.
- Khi tim gin ra, lng mu qua ng mch nh nn hp th t nh sng, nh sng
sau khi truyn qua ng mch c cng ln, ngc li khi tim co vo, lng mu qua
ng mch ln hn, nh sng sau khi truyn qua ng mch s c cng nh hn.

Hnh 1.2: S hp th nh sng ca ng mch khi truyn qua ngn tay.

- nh sng sau khi truyn qua ngn tay gm 2 thnh phn AC v DC:

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
+ Thnh phn DC c trng cho cng nh sng c nh truyn qua m, xng
v tnh mch.
+ Thnh phn AC c trng cho cng nh sng thay i khi lng mu thay
i truyn qua ng mch, tn s ca tn hiu ny ng b vi tn s nhp tim.
=> Nu ta lc b thnh phn DC s thu c tn hiu AC ng b vi tn hiu nhp
tim.
1.3.2 V tr t cm bin:
* Yu cu:
- Phi t ngun pht v ngun thu thu c kt qu tt nht.
- V tr d dng t cm bin, khong cch thu pht khng qu gn cng khng qu
xa.
=> Chn ngn tay l ni t cm bin.

Hnh 1.3: V tr t cm bin

1.4 Kt lun chng:
- T vic tm hiu v nhp tim v phng php o nhp tim bng hp th quang
hc, ta c th thit k cm bin nh sng phc v cho vic o nhp tim.

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH

CHNG 2: S KHI
2.1 Gii thiu chng
chng trc chng ta c tm hiu v nhp tim con ngi v phng php
o nhp tim bng phng php quang hc. Chng ny chng ta s i xy dng s
khi v chc nng tng quan ca tng khi.
2.2 S khi v chc nng cc khi
2.2.1 S khi tng quan:

Khi hin th
Khi lc v
khuch i

Khi lc v
khuch i

Khi cm
bin nhp tim

Khi x l trung
tm

Khi hin th

Khi x l trung
Khitmngun

2.2.2 Chc nng cc khi:

- Khi cm bin nhp tim: cm bin nhp p ca tim v khuch i tn hi u.
- Khi lc v khuch i: Lc tn hiu DC v khuch i tn hiu a vo vi
iu khin x l
- Khi x l trung tm: dng x l cc tn hiu vo v xut tn hiu ra,iu
khin mi hot ng ca h thng v chuyn i ADC.
SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
- Khi hin th: hin th kt qu.
- Khi ngun : cung cp ngun cho cc khi khc.
2.3 Chn linh kin s dng cho cc khi:
2.3.1 Chn vi iu khin cho khi x l trung tm:
*Chn vi x l PIC16F877A:
- L loi vi x l kh ph bin d tm mua th trng Nng
- c hc v l thuyt v thc hnh trng
- Gi thnh ph hp.

Hnh 2.1: Pic 16F877A

*Gii thiu tng quan v vi x l PIC16F877A:
PIC 16F877A l mt dng PIC ph bin ( mnh v tnh nng, 40 chn, b
nh cho hu ht cc ng dng thng thng). Cu trc tng qut ca PIC 16F877A
nh sau:
- 8 K Flash ROM.
- 368 Bytes RAM.
- 256 Bytes EEPROM.
- 5 ports (A, B, C, D, E) vo ra vi tn hiu iu khin c lp.
SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
- 2 b nh thi 8 bits (Timer 0 v Timer 2).
- Mt b nh thi 16 bits (Timer 1) c th hot ng trong ch tit kim nng
lng (SLEEP MODE) vi ngun xung Clock ngoi.
- 2 b CCP( Capture / Compare/ PWM).
- 1 b bin i AD 10 bits, 8 ng vo.
- 2 b so snh tng t (Compartor).
- 1 b nh thi gim st (WatchDog Timer).
- Mt cng song song 8 bits vi cc tn hiu iu khin.
- Mt cng ni tip.
- 15 ngun ngt.
- C ch tit kim nng lng.
- Np chng trnh bng cng ni tip ICSP(In-Circuit Serial Programming)
- c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS
- 35 tp lnh c di 14 bits.
- Tn s hot ng ti a 20MHz.
2.3.2 Chn LCD hin th k qu:
*Chn LCD loi 16x2
c im:
- L loi LCD d kim.
- D s dng.
- Ph hp vi yu cu hin th ca n.
- Gi thnh ph hp.

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
*Gii thiu tng quan v LCD 16x2:
- Chn cp ngun Vcc-GND

2.7V n 5.5V

- in p vo mc cao VIH

2.2V n Vcc

- in p vo mc thp VIL

-0.3V n 0.6V

- in p ra mc cao (DB0-DB7)

Min 2.4V

- in p ra mc thp (DB0-DB7)

Max 0.4V (khi IOL = 1.2mA)

- Dng in ng vo ILI

-1uA n 1uA

- Dng in cp ngun ICC

350uA(typ.) n 600uA

- Tn s dao ng ni fOSC

(khi IOH = -0.205mA)

(khi VIN = 0 n Vcc)

190kHz n 350kHz (in hnh l

270kHz)

Hnh 2.2: LCD 16x2

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
Chc nng cc chn:
Chn

K hiu

Vss

VDD

VEE

M t
Chn ni t cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta ni chn ny vi GND
ca mch iu khin
Chn cp ngun cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta ni chn ny vi
VCC=5V ca mch iu khin
iu chnh tng phn ca LCD.
Chn chn thanh ghi (Register select). Ni chn RS vi logic 0
(GND) hoc logic 1 (VCC) chn thanh ghi.
+ Logic 0: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh ghi lnh IR ca LCD

RS

( ch ghi - write) hoc ni vi b m a ch ca LCD ( ch

c - read)
+ Logic 1: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh ghi d liu DR bn
trong LCD.
Chn chn ch c/ghi (Read/Write). Ni chn R/W vi logic

R/W

0 LCD hot ng ch ghi, hoc ni vi logic 1 LCD

ch c.
Chn cho php (Enable). Sau khi cc tn hiu c t ln bus DB0DB7, cc lnh ch c chp nhn khi c 1 xung cho php ca chn
E.
+ ch ghi: D liu bus s c LCD chuyn vo(chp nhn)

thanh ghi bn trong n khi pht hin mt xung (high-to-low

transition) ca tn hiu chn E.
+ ch c: D liu s c LCD xut ra DB0-DB7 khi pht
hin cnh ln (low-to-high transition) chn E v c LCD gi
bus n khi no chn E xung mc thp.

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
Tm ng ca bus d liu dng trao i thng tin vi MPU. C
2 ch s dng 8 ng bus ny :
7 - 14

DB0 -

+ Ch 8 bit : D liu c truyn trn c 8 ng, vi bit MSB l

DB7

bit DB7.
+ Ch 4 bit : D liu c truyn trn 4 ng t DB4 ti DB7,
bit MSB l DB7

15

16

Ngun dng cho n nn

GND cho n nn

2.3.3 Chn linh kin khi cm bin nhp tim:

- Led pht: chn led pht hng ngoi 5mm.
- Led thu: photo diode BPW34
2.3.4 Chn linh kin khi lc v khuch i:
- Vi yu cu s Opamp s dng l 2, ta chn IC LM358 c 2 b Opamp.
2.3.4 Khi ngun:
Ta s dng ngn pin 5V v dng bin p v hai IC n p LM7805 v LM7905
cp ngun ring cho vi iu khin.
2.4 Kt lun chng:
Qu trnh xy dng s khi l vic lm u tin v c l l quan trng nht ca
bt k n no.
N cho ta thy r c tnh kh thi cng nh ci nhn trc quan nht v nhng
vic mnh cn lm tip theo.

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH

PHN 2: THIT K, TNH TON V THI CNG MCH

CHNG 3: THIT K V TNH TON S MCH
3.1 Gii thiu chng:
- Qu trnh xy dng bc u v nn tng l thuyt cho ta thy c tnh kh
thi ca n.
- Vic thit k v tnh ton mch tt s to thun li cho vic thi cng mch sau
ny.
3.2 Thit k, tnh ton khi ngun:
- S dng bin n p v hai ic n p LM7805 v LM7905 to mch ngn i
5V cp ngun cho ton mch.
S nguyn l mch ngun:
D 2
2

1
D IO D E

8
TR A N SF O R M ER C T

B R ID G E

C 2
470u

IN

O U T

C 4
22u
3

C 6
0 .0 2 2 u

D 5
D IO D E

R 2
22k

JP2
1
2
3

1
U 2
LM7905C
D IO D E

D 4
D IO D E

R 1
22k

H EAD ER 3

G N D

2
C 5
0 .0 2 2 u

C 3
22u

D 3

G N D

O U T

~ 110V-220V

T1

IN

C 1
470u

+ 4

D 1

U 1
LM7805C

3.3 Thit k, tnh ton khi cm bin:

- Khi cm bin y ta dng l 2 con led thu pht hng ngoi.
- c im ca thu pht hng ngoi l t b nhiu, tn hiu thu pht tt hn so vi
dng led siu sng. Gi thnh r, d mua, d s dng.

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
3.3.1 S mch:
VC C

VC C
R 1
39k

R 2
150

C 4

Q 2

1u

Q 1
PH O TO N PN

D 2
LED

Q 2N 3904

IR

Hnh 3.1: S mch khi cm bin.

3.3.2 Tnh ton linh kin:
- Chn Vcc=5v
- m bo led hng ngoi pht sng, chn dng phn cc cho led = 20mv
- in p ri trn D2 l 2V
- in p trn R2 : VR2 = Vcc-VD2
= 5- 2 = 3 v

R2=VR2 /IR2 = 3/ (20 * 10^-3) = 150

Chn R2= 150
- Tn hiu thu c a vo tng lc v khuch i ph thuc vo gi tr ca
R1.
Chn R1 khong vi chc k .
=> Chn R1 = 39k

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
3.5. Thit k, tnh ton tng lc v khuch i:
3.4.1 S mch:
R 7

R 4
1M

R 3

R 2
150

R 1
39k
C 4

Q 2

C 2

100n
8 .2 k
2

V L- M 3 5 8 / O N
O U T

Q 2N 3904
1

4
-

V L- M 3 5 8 / O 0N
O U T

C 3
2

V+

5
1u

R 8
68k

+
U 1B

V+

V IN

R 9
150

VC C

R 10
10k

VC C

R 5 U 1A
68k

Q 1
P H O TO N P N

100n
1k

1u

D 2
LED

560k

R 6

C 1

VC C

VC C

D 1
LED

0
0

0
2

0
IR

Hnh 3.2: S mch khi lc v khuch i.

3.4.2 Tnh chn linh kin:
- khuch i ln nhiu ln ta s dng cc b khuch i. ta mc cc opamp ni
tip nhau.
- S dng 2 b lc RC khuch i v lc tn hiu v 1 b m n nh tn
hiu v nng dng.
+ Nhp tim con ngi trng thi bnh thng t 60 160 nhp . tuy nhin vi cc
vn ng vin th nhp tim t 40- 60 nhp, i vi nhng ngi c bnh v tim mch th
nhp tim dao ng t 40- 160 nhp.
Do vy ta thit k b lc c th o c tn s
40/60 < f tim < 160/60

0,7 < ftim < 2,67 hz

+ (R5, C4) to thnh b lc thng thp vi tn s ct f1=0,7 hz
F1 =1/(2*R5*C$) = 0,7
R5*C4 =0,23
Chn C4= 1 uF suy ra R5 = 68 K
SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
Chn R5= 68K
+ (R4, C1) to thnh b lc thng cao vi tn s ct f2= 2,67 hz
F2= 1/(2R4C1) = 2,6 hz
R4*C1 = 1/(2*2.67) = 0,061
Chn C2= 100nF suy ra R6= 1M
+ chn h s khuch i ca tng khuch i opamp l 121 ln
K1 =R4/R3+1 = 122 ln
Suy ra R4= 122R3
Chn R3 = 8.2 k suy ra R4= 1M
- S dng tng khuch i OPAMP2 l 560K/1k=560 ln
Vy h s khuch i ca 2 tng khuch i s l tch ca mi tng.
K=K1 * K2 = 122 * 560 = 68320 ln.
Tn hiu vo s khong vi mV c khuch i ln c vi volt a vo vi iu
khin x l.
- Chn R9= 150 phn cc cho Led D1

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
GVHD: V TUN MINH
3.5 Thit k, tnh ton khi x l trung tm v khi hin th
3.5.1 S mch:
R 47
5k

VC C

VC C

R 44
10k

1
2

2
3
4
5
6
7

3
4
5

10u
1

J1
3 .3 V
TXD
R XD
VC C

0
H EAD ER 5
JP3
6
5
4
3
2
1
H EAD ER 6

PG M
PG C
PG D
VC C
M C LR

6
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
R C
TXD
R XD
C 26

0
1
2
3
4
5

15
16
17
18
23
24
25
26
13

22p
C 27
22p

M C L R * /V P P
R
R
R
R
R
R

A
A
A
A
A
A

0
1
2
3
4
5

/A N 0
/A N 1
/A N 2 /V R E F -/C V R E F
/A N 3 /V R E F +
/T 0 C K I/C 1 O U T
/A N 4 /S S * /C 2 O U T

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

/T 1 O S O /T 1 C K I
/T 1 O S I/C C P 2
/C C P 1
/S C K /S C L
/S D I/S D A
/S D O
/T X/C K
/R X/D T

O S C 1 /C L K IN

Y 1
20M hz
14
O S C 2 /C L K O U T
12
31

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

/P
/P
/P
/P
/P
/P
/P
/P

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

R E 0 /R D */A N 5
R E 1 /W R */A N 6
R E 2 /C S */A N 7

VSS
VSS

R B 0 /IN T
R B1
R B2
R B 3 /P G M
R B4
R B5
R B 6 /P G C
R B 7 /P G D

VD D
VD D
P IC 1 6 F 8 7 7 A

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0

1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3

9
0
1
2
7
8
9
0

8
9
10

IN 2
R B1
R B2
PG M

LC D 1

PG C
PG D

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

R 45
330
VC C

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

V
V
V
R
R
E
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
K

1
2
3
4
5
6
H EAD ER 6

R C 0
R C 1
R C 2
R C 3
R C 4
R C 5

JP5
1
2
3
4
5
6
H EAD ER 6

LC D

VC C

SS
D D
EE
S
W
N B
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

JP4

1
2
3
4
5

LCD

1
2
3
4
5

PVN 1

M C LR

11
32
J2

D 1
1
2

VC C

LED

R 46
3 .3 k

H EAD ER 2

Hnh 3.3: S mch khi x l trung tm v hin th

3.5.2 Tnh ton:
- Chn thch anh 20MHz vi 2 t C26, C27 c gi tr 22p to mch dao ng cho
Pic16f877a.
- Chn bin tr 5k cp p cho chn Vee ca LCD chnh tng phn.
- Tr R46 Phn cc cho LED D1
3.6 Kt lun chng
chng ny chng ta xy dng c mch nguyn l cho n. Tnh ton
c chi tit cc linh kin cn s dng.

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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CHNG 4: LU THUT TON V LP TRNH

4.1 Gii thiu chng:
- Chng ny s xy dng lu thut ton o tn s nhp tim s dng vi iu
khin t lp trnh cho vi iu khin bng ngn ng lp trnh C.
4.2 Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh:

Hnh 4.1: Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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4.3 Lu thut ton o nhp tim:

Hnh 4.2: Lu thut ton o nhp tim

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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4.4 Lu thut ton giao tip LCD

Hnh 4.3: Lu thut ton giao tip LCD

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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4.5 Code lp trnh:
- S dng ngn ng lp trnh C, phn mm bin dch CCS.
4.5.1 Chng trnh chnh
#include <main.h>
#include "lcd.h"
#define _XTAL_FREQ
#define MAX_SAMPLE

4000000
10

__CONFIG(FOSC_HS & WDTE_OFF & PWRTE_OFF & BOREN_OFF & LVP_OFF

& CPD_OFF & WRT_OFF & CP_OFF);
// Khai bao cac bien
unsigned long time[MAX_SAMPLE];
unsigned long time_tmp = 0x00;
unsigned char index = 0x00;
void timer0_config();
// Chuong trinh con xu ly ngat
void interrupt ISR()
{
/* Ngat ngoai INT0 */
if((INTF == 1) && (INTE == 1))
{
time[index] = time_tmp + TMR0;
// Tang bien dem
index++;
if(index == MAX_SAMPLE)
index = 0x00;
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// Xoa du lieu
TMR0 = 0x00;
time_tmp = 0x00;
// Xoa co ngat
INTF = 0;
}
/* Ngat Timer0 */
if((TMR0IE == 1) && (TMR0IF == 1))
{
time_tmp += 0xFF;
TMR0 = 0x00;
TMR0IF = 0;
}
}
// Chuong trinh chinh
void main(void)
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned int tmp;
float sum;
lcd_init();

// Khoi tao LCD

timer0_config();

// Thiet lap Timer0

lcd_goto(0);

// Ve dau dong

lcd_puts("Mach do nhip tim");

lcd_goto(0x40);
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// Xuong dong thu 2

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lcd_puts("F : ");
INTE = 1;

// Cho phep ngat ngoai

GIE = 1;

// Cho phep ngat toan cuc

for(i = 0; i < MAX_SAMPLE; i++)

// Xoa du lieu

{
time[i] = 0x00;
}
while(1)
{
// Hien thi nhip tim
sum = 0x00;
for(i = 0; i < MAX_SAMPLE; i++)
{
sum += time[i];
}
sum = sum/MAX_SAMPLE;

// Gia tri thoi gian trung binh

sum = 15625.0/(4*sum);

// f = fTimer / average_timer_value

sum = 60*sum;

// Nhip tim = sum * 60 nhip/phut

tmp = (int)sum;

// Lay phan nguyen

lcd_goto(0x4A);
lcd_putch((tmp/100) + 48);

// Hien thi hang tram

tmp = tmp%100;
lcd_putch((tmp/10) + 48);

// Hien thi hang chuc

lcd_putch((tmp%10) + 48);

// Hien thi hang don vi

__delay_ms(600);
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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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}
}
// Thiet lap Timer0
void timer0_config()
{
TMR0

= 0x00;

// Xoa gia tri thanh ghi TMR0

TMR0IE

= 0;

// Khong cho phep ngat Timer0

OPTION_REG = 0xC7;

// Thiet lap thanh ghi Option

TMR0IE

= 1;

// Cho phep ngat Timer0

GIE

= 1;

// Cho phep ngat toan cuc

}
4.5.2 Th vin hm LCD:
#ifndef _XTAL_FREQ
// Unless specified elsewhere, 4MHz system frequency is assumed
#define _XTAL_FREQ 4000000
#include <htc.h>
#include "lcd.h"

/* Define LCD I/O port */

#define

LCD_RS

RD1

#define

LCD_RW

RD2

#define

LCD_EN

RD3

#define LCD_DATA PORTD

#define

LCD_DIR_RS

TRISB3

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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#define

LCD_DIR_RW

#define LCD_DIR_EN

TRISB2

TRISB1

#define LCD_DIR_DATA TRISD

#define

LCD_STROBE()

((LCD_EN = 1), NOP(), (LCD_EN=0))

/* write a byte to the LCD in 4 bit mode */

void lcd_write(unsigned char c)
{
__delay_us(70);
LCD_DATA = c;
LCD_STROBE();
}
/*
*

Clear and home the LCD

*/
void lcd_clear(void)
{
LCD_RS = 0;
lcd_write(0x1);
__delay_ms(5);
}
/* write a string of chars to the LCD */
void lcd_puts(const char * s)
{
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LCD_RS = 1;

// write characters

while(*s)
lcd_write(*s++);
}
/* write one character to the LCD */
void lcd_putch(char c)
{
LCD_RS = 1;

// write characters

lcd_write( c );
}
/*
* Go to the specified position
*/
void lcd_goto(unsigned char pos)
{
LCD_RS = 0;
lcd_write(0x80+pos);
}
/* initialise the LCD - put into 4 bit mode */
void lcd_init()
{
// Set pins output
LCD_DIR_RS = 0;
LCD_DIR_RW = 0;
LCD_DIR_EN = 0;
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LCD_DIR_DATA = 0x00;

// Clear output
LCD_RS = 0;
LCD_EN = 0;
LCD_RW = 0;
LCD_DATA = 0x00;

// wait 15mSec after power applied,

__delay_ms(400);

lcd_write(0x3C); // Function set;

__delay_ms(10);
lcd_write(0x0F); // Turn on display
__delay_ms(10);
lcd_write(0x01); // Clear display
__delay_ms(10);
lcd_write(0x02); // Go to home
__delay_ms(10);
lcd_write(0x06); // Entry mode set
__delay_ms(10);
}

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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4.5 Kt lun chng:
Sau khi xy dng s thut ton, ta c th s dng ngn ng lp trnh C vit
chng trnh cho vi iu khin. C th s dng mt s phn mm bin dch ph bin khi
lp trnh cho Pic nh CCS, Hi-TechC

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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CHNG 5: THI CNG MCH

5.1 Gii thiu chng:
Sau khi thc hin vic tnh ton thit k v vit chng trnh s tin hnh thi cng
mch thc t. S dng phn mm Orcad Capture v Orcad layout v mch nguyn l
v mch in.
5.1 Layout:

Hnh 5.1: Layout mch chnh

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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Hnh 5.2: Layout mch lc v khuch i

Hnh 5.3: Layout mch ngun

5.2 Lp rp v kim tra mch:
Sau khi lp rp mch, np chng trnh, kim tra c:
- Mc in p DC ca tn hiu nhp tim khong 1,8 V.
- Mc in p AC ca tn hiu nhp tim khi cha khuch i khong vi mV.
- in p sau khi khuch i tng th nht khong vi trm mV.
- in p sau khi khuch i tng th 2 v a vo vi iu khin khong 2,53,8V
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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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5.3 Kt lun chng:
Sau khi thi cng lp rp v kim tra mch, thy mch hot ng kh ging vi l
thuyt tnh ton.

SVTH: NGUYN CNG SANG

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN TI

- Kt lun: Vic thc hin ti kim chng c l thuyt v phng php o
nhp tim bng phng php hp th hng ngoi. T c th thit k cc my o nhp
tim s dng phng php ny a vo s dng trong i sng thc t.
- Hng pht trin ti:
+ Vi phng php hp th hng ngoi, ta khng ch o nhp tim m c th pht
trin o nng bo ha Oxi trong mu. o nng bo ha Oxi trong mu, ta s
dng 2 ngun sng vi cc bc sng khc nhau, vic phn tch cng sng thu c
c th o c c nng bo ha Oxi trong mu.
+ Ngoi ra cng c th pht trin ti theo hng my o c a nng vi kh
nng o c thm cc thng s y sinh khc nh huyt p, thn nhit, in tm

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 N CHUYN NGNH IN T
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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Wikipedia
[2] Embedded-lab.com
[3] Pic16F87XA Datasheet
[4] Nguyn Vn Tun - Gio trnh k thut mch in t 2

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