Increase by k%: multiply be (1+k%)

Decrease by k%: multiply by (1k%)

=
=
sin sin sin

To convert deg to rad:

(Deg)() =

Area of triangle ABC:

= (base)(height)

= a.b.sin

Mode 2-0: linear system of two equations

Mode 2-1: linear system of three equations
Mode 2-2: quadratic equation
Each interior angle of a regular polygon:
()

2 = 2 + 2 2 cos

Area of a trapezoid:

(+)

b1

= ( )( )( )

where k=half perimeter

h
b2

Area of parallelogram ABCD:

1. (base)(height)
2. (AB)(BC)sin(B)
3. (AB)(AD)sinA
1
4. (AC)(BD)sinO
2

Arc length: Rrad

: central angle
P0=2(L+w)+2Y
Y: depth of the bay
P=P08(HA)
Central angle=subtended arc (in
angle measure)

Area of a circle of radius r:

Perimeter of a circle of radius r: 2r
1

O
C

180
)

Area of regular n-sided polygon= 4 2 tan(

S: side length

Sector area:
Segment area:
1 2 rad
1 2 rad
R
R ( sin)
2
2
Area of a uniform strip =(Pmid)(width of strip)
Volume of a prism ring=(Pmid)(width)(height)
Area of formwork (both sides)= (Pin+Pout)(height)= 2(Pmid)(height)
Inscribed angle= half of the
Roofers theorem:
subtended arc (angle measure)
projectedarea
actualroofarea =
cos()
Where: = tan1 (pitch)

Right Prisms and cylinders:

Lateral area: Perimeter of the baseheight

Right Pyramids and cones:

(Perimeter of the base)(slant height)(1/2)

Volume:

The area of the baseheight

(The area of the base)(height)(1/3)

Total area:

Lateral area+2(area of the base)

Lateral area+area of the base

Right Pyramidal/conical frustums:

Lateral area

sh
( p1 p2 ) , where sh=slant height of the frustum, P1, P2 are the perimeter of the
2
top and bottom bases

Total area

Lateral area+Area of the top base+Area of the bottom base

Volume

h
accurate : (A1 A 2 A1A 2 ) , where A1,A2 are the areas of the top and bottom
3
base
approximate: (the area of the middle section)(height)

Formulas for spherical surfaces:

4 3
R
3
h
volume (h 2 3r 2 )
6
volume

Sphere of radius R
Dome of height h, base radius
r, and sphere radius of R
Spherical Frustum of height h.

a,b: radius of top base and

bottom base, R: sphere radius

surface area 4R2

lateral area 2Rh

1
2
2
volume h(3a 3b h 2 )
6

lateral area 2Rh

Spherical Lune of angle

2
volume rad R 3
3

lune area 2 rad R 2

Spherical Sector

R= radius of sphere, h= dome

height

2
volume R 2 h
3

Total area R(2h r)