2 Computation OF Agen: D Whol iF the caxpet oven? actual ore within the walls, = Carpet area if the Area enciored within . } fg tricwness of WANS: i ro tay me Carvel: THF aren does nok incite ™ i - Th se the arhuar usable area of the apartment 2) What me built-up asea? = BUE area iS Me Carpet avea plus tne thickness of ule Walls and Tre batceny. BD What is the super built up area? - Super puik up area iS Me put UP area Plus preyortionale Sea of Common areas Such A+ the debby, sists, Skaivs eke = The built up area along with a Shave of at Commen areas dea amengs! at unit ouiners maxes wp he Proportionaiay Super bith up aren what meant by BHK? Bux _» Godveom, Hall, kitchen. 5) What if man by | acre? Lacie = 43,F60 SSE 5 | ground = 2heo Sq.ry ©) what is Floor Ayea Patio? = The ftv aren ratio CFA? is the Principal bulk Yegutaifor Conivotin: the Size of Be buildings. Goss flcoy area eee Casyat area Past Sine PLor size K FIL > agpticarie td batcon > net appricarie ty terraceIs. ns ot 5) What are the — miscencerti Hoh pec it As, ve borat a Land value is high & consideramy, increased A. cuxper orn toesanier'- moreane Saee'> “isk test reading factor = asy. Cor ' 2s? a0 fer suy- recke ting FAR? hign. rite development Gente Gan kas te oF Catcuiadion- Ti- Conyet area «i200 (100-25) 7, = (200x487 2 goo sadt 35 yes apply 2s or 257: doading, Carcutation- 5: by measuring squad areas 1? 34st 7 VeRMael: tas 54st Saeabe Gres x Tk/ gre valor area, Stair Cases, Is Barcony, lenace ancat 4 Plso Parking SVaces. caap-houre, may aso be @) What is the doading factor? ¥ loading factor is a number used for puspose of Asrivieg ak ies Aten, guymaa cium, amen inctudea in the f0ading Sacbor10) What ate the factors influencing the cost per 2q.S4? ax SERIA. 1b whee oF De ask” eT maRe- eh ert Tee 5 Buailiy: & Coeaercckien: WN arpa Bie By Beet 1) What is meant by Setback in a building? > Pe e@ spare around the buiiding. For building above 16m, > Classified as high 2i3e building Dali Development Authority inceasea the cap he ITEM Ser Neriderias buiidings Buk DES insists a Setback of Sms Sir fieor Showa be made mandatory. SET BAEK: = Light and Vetkitalion.. of al eceupancies Front Set back = = Widening of read Rear se back Side tab back Far -. Completery —SCientific- Cmastey pears ef urbas aveas) Five Safety, water suypty, drainage, Sewerage, road widtr, eteciric supPty, SHE ftooy “pam TWricat Floor 2.4m. Min site Ske OF Plol for high vise building = 2090 Sem, [check] 277 DETERMINAT! wor aneas: ©) From Sika neler — Cross Stas Rurvey. Crophical method Ww From plored Plan oy map a Strementet method a Eniiwe Asean Boundany Area I~ T_4 Wid-ordinaa Average T¥mpezvidar Simpson's oan a panMid. ovdinate Rule! ° fink | : 06. J bey 4 Area of prot = (red) + Chard) + ---- Gaxd) mid- ordinates: ea - (Gantien diftene) = Oe of Oe average Ordinate: Oo oz Oa Os n> no of divisions: (n-09 > no- of ordinates! 4.00 Area = [O14 Gat O50" “oe Ons Area = [ sum oJ the ordinates x Leng™ Ff base Kae no. of ordinates FWorezoidar Gul boundaries between the ence of betwee, - While applying ahe Svapereidel rule, ondinoles oF assumed tbe Sivaight: Thus ME areas enctosed considered as tha bate tine and Me Wreguias boundary Mee a7e chrape roidsry lo on 5 a Seesnd areas 02+ C340 ved ie ont oo +2euter | rast ordinate + = Common distance | st Someed See ae [em andinalect 2 sum of omer ordates | - Mo Umitabien; Can be apriiad for ary number oF ordinates. Simpson's Ruri erainates are assumed vetwee, the ends of = Boundaries form an ax of a yarabota, Pararene 7Ul2- Area Are PC prea of = O14 02 ag Pron of trapenium fren of S29 med Area ofEy 3 pic VOR ade Peo a) th (poe 3 [Foret areas SF od 3 ee ona 4 2 Coder; sens [ f= Lup +4 Cevel a oad Limitative: yy. op ovdiaater 52 FInvING AREA Co-orRpware ee. ordinates Points eS a a °. Yo b ze ws © ae we g e £ ae The co-orditales 978 arvanged iq delerwinank form oS — Fellows Bul a sum of ‘he preduds along ‘he Souid tine, baat : iol [ Reasaea fren = 206995 FQ> 199.29 = chee2 NSTRUMENTAL METHOD = rea obtains fron Phanimeler is mote accurate Tae That obta by me graphical meted ~ Amsiny Polar PhanmeteT is me most comrnonly Used parimetor Fors of phammoter @) Tracng arm 2 ‘3 Wree —2 Pivided inte too diviss oO Haase oe Vewier = 1a divi tions © payustame — Support Wheat iS seared te covnkag di} dS) Forewm point Lio tevowtions of wheels one ©) Measuag uhees Pence | 3) index mor Whe 3 tery £ tundsetes 2 Veer Scale Vemier > Trousaats »> Pivot point animeter tos Show DE 1D counting disc cs rs i 4 vias yeading eke ding ute 4 die waa Brea A= m[ re - sa trom te) M— Mulbiplion give, ia ‘the table: NM sugbettaas: tier Ba cere maiko) Be dnt Parsee inde C- Constant diver ia me table FR — Fines sending BR Gailiar seadng N>O3 2F zero of Be dict pastes me index mak in @ clot wise diveck on N26 We ees Sign bes SA eee ahs ete renee toe cousier creck Write ditection C if cdded Gatj tha He aaener paint 1% intiae the FigureZERO cikas oF me Pann erer + When the bacne point if moved along We Civcle without yet ahon OF the wheet Cosma me urea suides without ary change in veeding) Be civcie is Kagwn as The “ Tere civeie” ov Citcle of Corvechen Area of zero cite 9 Mxe Aen Fer cise! 2 oe Beiuat ave — Aen compiled by Pianimetes Gnthor Point Showa resorany ye Kept oursiae ‘the figure be avid aaa Ve Canstant”250 Surveying red Leveling aidtaiiecalal 251 From the expression, 4 = M(FR ~ IR = 10N + ©) we get, A = 100.336 - 9.377 ~ 10x 1 + 23.521) = 748 om? p= The following particulars were noted while measuring the dred Area of zero circle, ih | A= WR} = w(t? — 21, + By of a figure with « plarimeter (@) Rand FR were 8 652 and 6,798 respectively, (B) The tracing, arm was set ta the natural scale (© The 200 Of the dl passed the ndex mark once tm the anticlockwise direction. E Ee a | coe where From multiplier and constant: Area of zero circle, A=MxC where M= multiplier value given in table constant given in table (0) Seale of the map is Lem = 10m. @_ The anchor point was inside the fxwe. Calculate the area of the farare 5. By planimeter: A geometrical figure is considered whose actual area is known. After the area of the figure is computed by the planimeter. Then, Ares of zero cirele = Actual area ~ Area computed by planimeter 4 pens) Giver aad IR = 8.652 Point to be Remembered while Using the Planimeter = ern 1. The map must be placed over a horizontal plane, “Natural scale’ means that M = 100 cm? 2. The anchor point should preferably be kept outside the figure to ava nib additive constant. 3. The area of the figure should be measured twice ftom different start points 4, If dhe area is large, it should be divided into a number of sections; area of each section may be calculated separately by taking outside pol and then addled to obtain the total area, 5. The initial reading may be set to zero for the sake of simplicity, 6. The tracing point should be moved gently and exactly along the boundag line 7. The map should not be folded 8 The surface of the map should be smooth, N=-1 (for anticlockwise rotation) Seale: em = 10 m Area of the figure M(FR - IR ~ 10x N+) 100(6.798 ~ 8.652 ~ 10 x 1 + 20) = 814.6 om? Bince the scale is 1 cm = 10 m, Lem? = 100m? Required area = $14.6 x 100 = 81460 m? The area of ah irregular figure wus mesure witha planimeier having the anchor point outtde the figure The initial and final were 4555 and 6.734 respecuvely. The tracing arm vas sei to the seule, The scale of the map was T om = 5 m. Ped the area of de figure. 7.8 WORKED-OUT PROBLEMS Problem 1 The following readings were recorded by a pla apchor point inside the figure: IR = 9.372, FR ~ 3.336, M~ 100 em?, and C = 23 Calculate the area of the figure when t is observed hal passed the index mark once in he articlockvise lution Given data IR = 4.885 FR = 8.754 = 100 cm? (natural seale) N~0 (Because there is no comment about Solution Given data: ‘hejerossing of the index mark) IR = 9317 FR= 3336Y Surveying and Leveling = 100(8.754 — 4.855) = 389.9 em? 380.925 = 9.7475 m? (+. Lem? = 25 m’) Solution Area of rectangle = 15 x I IR = 0.686, FR = 9.976, N ‘Problem 4 — A field of 0.15 hectare area was plotted to a scale of I om : 4m. The area of this plan was measured with a certain sett ofa planimeter ond the following details were obtained ‘when the anchor. (FR — IR — 10N + C) = 100(9.976 — 0.686 - 102+) 00(-10.710 + ©) wo 50 cr @ Measured area of rectangle 13, FR = 4.415, N ee ‘the anchor point inside the area, and the following observations were obiai = FR-1R=2250 and N=-1 < 12.21 = 1,221 om? Solution Furst Case Given data IR ~ 3.415, FR~ANIS,N = 0, =? 0 Grchor point outside) sm “. lcm? = 16 m’ ‘Area on the ground = 0.16 x 10,000 (1 hectare = 10,000 m*) = 1,600 m? 1,600 2 Area of map = 2600 100 en So, A= 100 cai? (@casured area on plan) Solution First Case: From the relation, N=I pea oa C= 0 (@s anchor point is outside the figure) 100 = M4415 - 3.415) = Mx1 M~ 100 M = 100 Area of figure = M(FR - IR + 10N) Second Case = 100 (4.825 - 7.775 + 10 x 1) Given data FR~ IR = 2250 = 100 x 7.080 = 705.0 em? w c= 21.22 Second Case: Not = 100 Required area, 4 ~ MFR - IR 10% 1 + 21.22) N=-2 ei? 100(2.250 ~ 10 + 21.22) ~ 1,347 om? Arca of zero cizéle = Mx Csting (1) and @), 100(-13.570 + C) = 705.0 (C= 7.050 + 13.570 = 20.620 Hence, Area of zero circle MXC 7.9 DIGITAL PLANIMETER ‘The digital planimeter is s computerized instrument with pole arms or roll It gives directly the reading of an area calculated in sq. inches, sq. metres, Kilometres, etc. The storage unit is used for downloading data into computer. unique facility is that it provides is adding arcas, accumulating measurements average multiple measurements. The digital planimeter requires initial setting, unit and scale. Therefore, it never requires a multiplying constant like an ordin planimeter for calculation of arca, Tae digital planimeter can measure area with an accuracy of plus/minus 0.3 of the whole scale. The PLACOm N series Planimeter is digital. Measurement of area is done he by a G-digit pulse count. The measuring capability of a digital Planimeter is 1 ‘times larger than an ordinary planimeter. Photo Digital Planimeter Short-Answer Questions for Viva 1. State the trapezoidal rule. What are the considerations and limitatio rule? “To the sum of the first end the last ordinate, twice the sum of the intermediate ordinates is added. This total sum is multiplied by the common distance. Half of this product isthe required area”, This is the trapezoidal rule, of this “To Ge'sdky Of the fret and th last ordinate, four times the sum of even ordinates and twice the sum of odd ordinates are added. This toa sum is mutiplied by the omnon distance. One-third of tis product is the required area.” This is Simpson's rule The boundary between the ordinates is assumed to form an are of a parabola. To apply this rule the number of ordinates must be ode. What is planimeter? It is an instrument for meaturing the area of a field from the map. What is 2 zero circle? ‘When a circle is described by the tacing point without a change in reading inthe measuring wheel, then that excle is known as the zero circle Give the simplest method for finding the area of a zero circle from the manufacturer's table. ‘Area of zero circle = Mx C M = muliplior C= constant The values of both Af and C are available inthe table 16. What is the need of finding the area of the zero circle? When the anchor point is inside the figure, the computed area does not cover the Whole area. It is less by the area ofthe zero circle. In that case, the area of the za10 circle is added to the computed area to obtain the actual area Exercises (@) State the trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s rule, What is the limitation of Simpson's rue. () The following perpendicular offsets were taken fom a chain line to a hedge: Distance (=) 6% Ha Gh ae Offset (a) 540 450 360 2.70 180 225 3.15 Calculate the ares enclosed between the chain line and the offsets by (i) trapezoidal rule, and (i) Simpson's rule (Ans. 11475 m, 1143 n?) 2. The following perpendicalar offsets were taken from a chun line t hedge: Distance (m) 9 5 10 15 2 30 40 50 65 80 Offset (m) 3.40 425 2.60 3.70 290 180 320 450 370 280 Calculate the area by (i) trapezoidal rule, and (i) Simpson's rule (Ans, 261.75 m, 2655 m?) 3. The following perpendicular offsets were taken at 10 m intervals from a chain fine to an inregular boundary line 3.10, 420, $35, 6.45, 715, 8.25, 795 and 5.20 m Find the arce by () trapezoidal rule, and (ji) Simpson's rae (Ans. 436.50 m2, 438.85 m?)350 =9[345+33]=9% 6.75 = Total area enclosed = + 11+ 111 =576+97.2+60.15=215.55 m? Ans, 60.75 mi? Example 8.3.A series of ofseis were taken froma chain line toa curved boundary ine ata interval of 10 m inthe following order 0,2.85,3.95, 6.45, 8.60, 890, 5.25,0, metres. Calculate the area between ‘he chain line and the curved boundary line by the Simpsons rae Solution. Fig. 8.12) Rp en, Note. In order to the apply Simpson's rule, the number of offsets should be odd. In this problem, number of offsets is even. Hence, the last offset is ignored for calculating the area of the remaining portion and the azea between last two offsets is calculated by trapezoidal rule and added, to get the required Are 0 Gj (04525 +2 (3.954860) +4 (2.85 +6.45+ 8.90) ] 10 +7 0+525) psaseasioe 7.39 +2625 =O em. Ane 3.83.4 26.95 Example 8.4. a) Whatis Simpson's Rule in the compatation of areas of figures ? Derive an expression for it (©) The following offsets were taken froma chain line toa hedge T [bisniectnere | 0 [a [awe no Cepeesinmenes | 24 [108 [2s [1s] 14s | nn0 [a8 a1 Compute the area included between the chain line, the hedge and end offets by the Simpson's nue, (AMLE, May 1975) Solution. (a) For statement and derivation ofthe Simpsons ral, referto article B.4, Area eum often flats + Twi the um f he renaining Scie + For ines the sum of eaining even oft Diggs 7542 (025+105)+4(108-+105 +130) = 10 (16.9 + 54.0+ 137.2) = 2081 sq.m Ans. Example 8.5.4 plot ofland ARCDA kas four sides. The sides AB and BC are siraight and the sides CD and DA are irregular. The above plot was surveyed by chain ard tape by the method of chain surveying, fting four stations at A, B, C and D and was moved and measured In the clockwise direction. The straight distances measured from one station tothe other, were a: follows PB Som: BC= 165 m: CD = 155m; DA~ 162 m:AC = 250m: The offsets measured from chain lines CD and DA tothe irregular boundarles are asunder Divancefrom Cini) ts n(n) 000 lef 150" 200" 225 00. Offs ow 00 right 162 265 230 i 102 a0 Calculate the area of the ploi ABCDA AMIE. 1979, Winter, 1991 Summer Solution. (Fig. 8.13), We know that the area of a triangle whose sides are a, b and cis given bythe equations A=Ns(5=a) 6=B) =) 0382 SURVEYING where 2s=atb+e. Fig. t3. Area of A ABE a= 165 :6= 230; c= 150; 2 = 545 ;5=272.5 GRSOTS ae “Avs NZS QMS— 165) G75 ~25) BIS — 15) 272.5x 1075 42.5 x 122.5 = 1349.49 sqm. Area of A ACD. 4=155, ¢ = 162, d=230, 25 = 947, $= 273.5 ‘Aa = F135 (QT33 - 155) (273.5 = 162) OTAS~ 730) VPBSx 18.5% S435 2537.15 sq.m. ‘Area between irregular boundary and side CD 2foriaseecsos235 s2ea0+ 10 [0~ 1.75 + 15.0+ 4.0) +0875 x35 =2075+30.625 38.125 sq.m, ‘Area between iregular boundary and side DA bea 2 (or izre4 10042.) 424245} Dace }0[0+ 122+ 15,684.49] +061x42 18.04 25.62 3.62 sq.m, ‘Area of plot of land ABCDA = Area of A ABC + Area of & CDA +As~ Ay 12349,49 + 12537.75 +238, 125 ~ 243.62 = 24881.745 sq.m. Ans.