Just like there are 2 molecules in a river of

water, an electric current is filled with electric

charges

Why does the cat get shocked??

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8DqqPto9lw

The cat was shocked because there was an electric

potential difference between itself and the fence.
Electric Potential Difference is the work it takes to move a charge from
one place to another:

Coulombs Electrostatic Force Law

=
Where E = Electric Field (units: Newtons/Coulomb or Volts/Meter)

This force is what explains an attraction or repulsion between two or

more charges.

Electric Fields

So we can think of and Electric Field as the voltage (work per charge)
per distance.
Voltage and Electric Fields in many ways are basically describing the
same thing. Think of a mountainside. The electric field is like the slope
of the mountainside and the voltage is like the various spots on each
different spot of the mountain.

How much is the electric field for a voltage of

20V across a distance of 7 m?

20
=
=
= 2.86 /

So we have more than one definition of Voltage now

=
=

Current and Resistance

Current: the flow of charge, similar to flowing water in a stream or
river. Current is the rate of change of charge. (units: C/s)
Resistance: this is best understood as the resistance to a change in
current. This is similar to a kink in a hose that restricts the flow of
water. The resistance is also the ratio of Voltage per Current. (units:)

Resistors are so useful for different devices that

may need to regulate the current in their circuits.
In case youre wondering what a circuit is
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnnpLaKsqGU

What is the force on a 7 C charge in a 45 V/m

electric field?
=

= 7 45
= 315

The source of a circuit has 20 V across it. If it

pushes roughly 7C of charge, how much work
does it perform on it?

= = 20 7 = 140

Magnetic fields are related to currents. Whenever

there is a flow of charge, the magnetic field flows
in a manner that is circular around the current.
Use the right-hand-rule. The thumb = I, and
fingers = Magnetic Field