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Objectives for today

Explain the importance of


variables and of theoretical
frameworks
Describe the process of choosing
variables
Describe the four types of
variables
Prepare for Assignment 1

Formulating the research


problem

Literature reviewExisting knowledge

Using computer data bases


ProQuest,

EBSCO, etc.

Possible explanations

Key variables emerge from literature,


observations & common sense

Types of variables

Independent
Dependent
Mediating
Moderating

Theoretical framework
Impact of stress on health (McGonigal)
Time spent
caring for others
Life
events

Stress
level

# of health
problems
Stress beliefs
- Stress is bad
- Stress is energizing

Next steps

in the research process

Develop hypotheses: Empirical tests of


the explanation
Specific

predictions related to particular

sample
Examples of bivariate hypotheses
X is related to Y
The greater the X, the less the Y

Final steps in the research


process

Develop measures for key variables


Collect data from a sample of
participants
Analyze data and decide whether to
accept or reject hypotheses
Make recommendations based on
findings

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