In a total of 9 cases, a majority of case decisions against the lower court should be at least 5, 6,

7, 8, or 9. It can't be 4 or less as it would discourage the condition of the problem.

So, total no. of ways = 9C5 + 9C6 + 9C7 + 9C8 + 9C9
= 126 + 84 + 36 + 9 + 1
=256.
2)
Four consonants can be taken out from 12 in 12C4 ways.
And, three vowels can be taken out from 5 in 5C3 ways.
And, 4 consonants and 3 vowels are 7 letters. These can be arranged in 7! ways to form 7!
words with or without meaning.
So, the number of different words that can be formed with 12 consonants and 5 vowels, by
taking 4 consonants and 3 vowels in each word = 12C4 x 5C3 x 7!
............... = 495 x 10 x 7!
............... = 4950 x 7!.
SHORT TRICk:majority decisions occur when:
= 5for + 6for + 7for + 8for + 9 for
= 9C5 + 9C6 + 9C7 + 9C8 + 9C9
= 126 + 84 + 36 + 9 + 1
=256
2]
number of different words= groups of consonants *groups of vowels*order of the letters
= 12C4*5C3 *(4+3)!
= 495*10*7!

The letters of the words CALCUTTA and AMERICA

are arranged in all possible ways.?
Calcutta has 8 letters, but there are 2 "C"s, 2"A"s and 2"T"s.
If there were no duplicated letters, then there would be 8! ie 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 ways to arrange
the letters.
The first could be any of 8
The second could be any of 7 (the first is already in place)
The third could be any of 6 (the 1st and 2nd are already in place)
and so on = 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 =40320 ways
However we could swop each position where one "C" is for the other "C" and vice versa.
Therefore the number of combinations is double what it should be in respect of having two "C"s.
Similarly we need to divide by 2 for the "A"s and another divide by 2 for the 2 "T"s.
Therefore Calcutta has 8! / 2*2*2 = 8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 / 8 = 7!
There are 5040 combinations for the letters of Calcutta
In a similar way America has 7 letters and 2 are "A"s.
Therefore the number of combinations for America = 7! / 2 = 2520 combinations
Comparing the two: Calcutta has 7! combinations and America has 7!/2 combinations
The ratio is therefore 5040 : 2520 or put another way 7! : 7!/2
Multiply both sides by 2 and divide both sides by 7!
Calcutta : America = 2 : 1
Find the number of ways in which 4 letters may be selected from the word "Examination"?
A. 66
B. 70
C. 136
D. 330
E. 4264
We have, 11 letters: {A, A, E, I, I, O, M, N, N, T, X};
Out of them there are 3 pairs: {A, A}, {I, I} and {N, N}.
So, # of distinct letters is 8: {A, E, I, I, O, M, N, N, T, X}
As pointed out, there are 3 different cases possible.
{abcd} - all 4 letters are distinct: C48=70;
{aabc} - two letters are alike and other two are distinct: C13C27=63 (C13 is a # of ways to

choose which two letters will be alike from 3 pairs and C27 # of ways to choose other two
distinct letters from 7 letters which are left);
{aabb} - two letters are alike and other two letters are also alike: C23=3 (C33 is a # of ways
of choosing two pairs of alike letter from 3 such pairs);
Total=70+63+3=136.

Q. How many words of 4 consonants and 3 vowels can be made from 12 consonants
and 4 vowels, if all the letters are different?

A.

16C77!

B.

12C44C37!

C.

12C34C4

D.

12C44C3

Solution:
4 consonants out of 12 can be selected in

12C4

ways.

3 vowels can be selected in 4C3 ways.

Therefore, total number of groups each containing 4 consonants and 3
vowels=12C44C3
Each group contains 7 letters, which can be arranging in 7! ways.
Therefore required number of words =12C44C37!

8 guests have to be seated on a rectangular table, (4 on each side). 2 particular guests

desire to sit on one side of the table and 3 on other side. The number of ways in which such
sitting arrangement can be made is ?

We have 2 choices available on one side and 1 choices available on other side. Let
us start with one side. The number of choices are 2! * 3p2 = 2*6 = 12, However,
these 2 groups (2 each) can exchange seats among themselves, thus we have 12*2
= 24. Let us now come to the other side of the table, we have 3! * 3C1 = 18 options.
However, the 4 th person can take any seat out of 4 seats, so we have 18*4 = 72

Thus 72 *24 = 1728 answer.

There are 6 questions (with one choice) in a paper. In how many ways can I person attempt
one or more questions?

If I try to attempt all 6 questions, the choices are : 2*2*2*2*2*2 = 64

If I try to attempt any 5, then I have 5 choices 6c5, I can further take any choice out
of these: 6C5*2*2*2*2*2 = 192

Similarly, if I try to attempt 4 out of these, I have 6C4*2*2*2*2 = 240

Similarly, if I try to solve 3 questions, I have 6C3*2*2*2 = 160

Similarly, if I try to attempt 2 questions, I have 6C2*2*2 = 60

Similarly, if I try to attempt only one question, 6C1*2 = 12

Let us add all these : 64+192+240+160+60+12 =728 answer.

Number of Letters/Characters in the word "COMMERCE"

= 8 {C, O, M, M, E, R, C, E}

nL = 8
No. of Letters :

a First Kind No. of C's = a a = a

a Second Kind No. of M's = 2 b = 2

a Third Kind No. of E's = 2 c = 2

which are all different = 2 {O, R} x = 2

nL = a + b + c + x

In the experiment of testing for the number of words that can be formed using the letters of the word
"COMMERCE"
Total No. of Possible Choices = Number of words that can be formed using the 8 letters of the word "COMMERCE"

n=
=
=
=87653
= 5,040

Toolbox:

C(n,r)=n!r!(nr)!

No of questions in part I=6

nL
a! b! c!
8!
2! 2! 2!
8 7 6 5 4 3 2!
2 1 2 1 2!

No of questions in part II=6

The different ways of doing the questions are

(6C36C4)+(6C46C3)+(6C26C5)+(6C56C2)
6C3=6!3!3!
654321321321
20
6C4=6!4!2!
654321432121
15
6C2=6!2!4!
654!24!
15
6C5=6!5!
65!5!
6
(2015)+(1520)+(156)+(615)
300+300+90+90
780

The results of 8 matches (win, loss or draw) are to

be predicted. The no of different forecasts containing
The number of ways in which exactly 6 forecasts are correct is the number of ways of choosing
6 objects from a set of 8 multiplied by the number of predictions of wrong results for the last 2.
i.e 8c2*2*2 = 112

The total number of all proper factors of 75600 is?

We see that: 75600 = 2 * 3 * 5 * 7
Now to find the total number of factors, simply figure out all the different (distinct) ways you can
choose any or all of those factors:
You have 4 distinct factors. You can choose 0 or more of each (and obviously only up to 4 2's, 3
3's, and 2 5's, and 1 7).
Think like this: Let's start with "choosing" 2. There are FIVE numbers that 2 can make (either 0,
1, 2, 3, or 4 2's: 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16). Now multiply that by however many numbers you can make
from the rest. So now we have three 3's (so 4), which you can combine with ANY of the
rest....do you see the pattern...the answer should be:
5 * 4 * 3 * 2 = 120 factors

How many even numbers greater than 300 can be formed with digits 1,2,3,4,5 no digit being
repeated ?
how many even numbers greater than 300 can be formed with digits 1,2,3,4,5 no digit being
repeated ?
Ans:111

Not a GMAT question.

Number can be 3, 4, or 5 digit (4 and 5 digit number will obviously be more than 300).
5 digit even numbers:
Last digit must be either 2 or 4 (for number to be even), so 2 choices. First 4 digits can be
arranged in 4! # of ways. So total # of 5 digit even numbers possible is 4!2=48;
4 digit even numbers:
Last digit again must be either 2 or 4, so 2 choices. # of ways to choose rest 3 digits out of 4
digits left when order of the digits matters is P34. So total # of 4 digit even numbers possible
is P342=48;
3 digit even numbers:
Last digit again must be either 2 or 4, so 2 choices. # of ways to choose rest 2 digits out of 4
digits left when order of the digits matters is P24. So total # of 3 digit even numbers possible
is P242=24.
But out of these 24 3-digit even numbers some will be less than 300, the ones starting with 1
or 2. There are 9 such numbers (1X2 and 3 options for the second digit X, so 3 plus 1X4 and 3
options for X, so 3 plus 2X4 and 3 options for X, so 3), which means that # of 3 digit even
numbers more than 300 is 249=15;
So total 48+48+15=111.