CE 315: Design of Concrete Structures I

Dr. Tahsin Reza Hossain

Professor, Room No-649

Email: tahsin@ce.buet.ac.bd

Syllabus
Fundamental behaviour of reinforced concrete
Introduction to WSD and USD methods
Analysis and design of singly reinforced,
doubly reinforced and T-beams according to
WSD and USD methods
Shear and Diagonal tension
Bond and anchorage according to WSD and
USD methods
One-way slab

Books
Design of Concrete Structures
Nilson, Darwin, Dolan

14th Ed

Structural Concrete- Theory and Design

Hassoun, Al-Manaseer 4th Ed

Reinforced Concrete- Mechanics & Design

Wight & McGregor 5th Ed

Many more..

Concrete, Reinforced Concrete (RC),

Prestressed Concrete (PC)
What is concrete? Constituents?
Stone like material, cement, coarse and fine aggregate,
water, admixture

A bit of history
Advantages, disadvantages
Easy to make, relatively low-cost, formabilty, weather and
fire resistant, good comp strength
Weak in tension

Reinforced concrete-mild steel

Where to place the reinforcement-examples
Prestressed concrete

Roman Pantheon, unreinforced concrete

dome, diameter 43.3m, 25BC, 125AD

Structural forms: buildings

Beam
Column
Slab

Loads

Dead load
attached
Live load
not attached
Environmental load
Wind
Earthquake
Snow, soil pressure, temperature
Building codes- ACI, BNBC, IS, Eurocode

Wind
Load

Earthquake
Loads

Serviceability, Strength and Structural Safety

To serve its purpose, a structure must be safe
against collapse and serviceable in use
Strength of the structure be adequate for all
loads

Serviceability deflection small, hairline

cracks, minimum vibration

Strength and safety

If loads and moments,
shears, axial force can be
predicted accurately,
safety can be ensured by
providing a carrying
capacity just barely in
excess of the known
demand.
Capacity= Demand

Uncertainity
There are a number of sources of uncertainty
in Analysis, Design and Construction
Read 7 points
Consideration given to consequence of failure
Nature of failure is also important

Variability of Loads,
Strength, safety
Load can be considered as
random variable
Form of distribution curve
(probability density function) can
be determined from large scale
load survey

Probability of occurrence
Area under curve is probability of
occurrence
Qd design load
Sd Design strength

M is also a random variable

Beta between 3 and 4
corresponds to a probability of
failure of 1:100,000

Partial safety factor

Strength reduction factor X
Nominal Strength >
Load Factor X Design Load

Why partial factors are

different

Concrete

Steel

Design Basis
Strength Design
Load factoredhypothetical overload
stage
Material stress level

Nonlinear inelastic
Concrete fc
Steel reaches fy
Both or one

USD
Ultimate Strength Design

Service load design

Load unfactored
Service load

Material stress level

At allowable stresses
Half of fc
Half of fy

WSD
Working Stress Design

Design Codes and Specifications

International Building Code- consensus code
American Concrete Institute ACI Code- Building
Code requirement for Structural Concrete -3182008
AASHTO- American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials- for bridges
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance
of Way Association AREMA-Manual of Railway
Engineering

Bangladesh National Building Code

BNBC
First in 1993
Up-gradation is in progress

Safety provision of ACI/BNBC Code

Load factors

Probability of overload 1/1000

Strength reduction factor

Probability of understrength 1/100

 Probability of Structural failure

1/100,000

Fundamental Assumption for RC Behavior

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Equilibrium
Strain in steel=Strain in surrounding concrete
Plane cross section remain plane
Concrete does not resist any tension
The theory is based on the actual stressstrain relationship of concrete and steel or
some simplified equivalent.

Read last para

Behaviour of members subject to Axial Loads

Fundamental behaviour illustrated

Axial Compression
Economical to make concrete carry most loads
Steel reinforcement is always provided
Bending may exist
Cross section reduced

RC Column
Square, tied column
Tie
Hold longitudinal bar
during construction
Prevent bucking under load
Circular spirally reinforced
column
Spiral
same
confinement to concrete

fc=4,000 psi
fy= 60,000psi

Slow loading
Fast loading
0.85fc

Elastic behaviour
Up to fc/2, concrete behave elastic
Also stress and strain proportional
Range extends to a strain of 0.0005
Steel is elastic nearly to yield 60 ksi, strain 0.002

Valid up to 50 to 60 percent of fc

Inelastic range

Strength

Strength

Axial Tension
If tension is small, both steel and concrete are
elastic

Larger load than that cracks concrete

At steel yields