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    36 views14 pages

    02 WorkBookSolutions

    Uploaded by

    Khoảng Trời Em
    sách bài tập

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    {© 2008 by Person Education, publishing as Pearion Adon Wese Kinematics in One Dimension 2.1 Uniform Motion 1, Sketch position-versus-time graphs for the following motions. Include appropriate numerical scales along both axes. A small amount of computation may be necessary. ‘A parachutist opens her parachute at an altitude of 1500 m. She then descends slowly to earth at a steady speed of 5 m/s, Start your graph as her parachute opens. yg Slope>-S'9 00 50) 189 300 3 els) . Trucker Bob starts the day 120 miles west of Denver. He drives east for 3 hours at a steady 60 miles/hour before stopping for his coffee break. Let Denver be located at x =0 mi and assume that the x-axis points to the east. cnet HE +Uhrs) moo West ~!90 ©. Quarterback Bill throws the ball to the right ata speed of 151. Is intercepted 45 m away by Carlos, whois running othe left at 75 mis. Carlos cartes the ball 60 m wo score. Let.x = 0m be the point where Bill throws the bal. Draw the graph forthe football upfield IS Pi acm) 30 24 2-2. carer 2 - Kinematics m One Dimension 2. The figure shows a position-versustime graph for the motion of objects A « and B that are moving along the same axis. s 4, Atthe instant = Is, is the speed of A greater than, less than, or equal to the speed of B? Explain, At t= Is, the slope of {ne line aie? for Ais greater than that for Object B.Thecefore object As Speecl is qreoter (Bohn ore Positive gopes.) b. Do objects A and B ever have the same speed? If so, at what time or times? Explain, No, the Speeds are never +nesome. Lach hos oa Cnstowt Speed (onstourt slope) Ouncl A's Speed is always qreater. 3. Interpret the following position-versustime graphs by writing ashoct “story” about what i happening. ‘Your stories should make specific references to the speeds of the moving objects, which you can determine from the graphs. Assume that the motion takes place along a horizontal line. a soi ONO Quick trip One interctate, 2 : Timmy derives west Fortwo miles, _\emn Gt WD mph, stops ot onexit for [goenphy lomin then retucnseast ot mer ° vin) towhere nestarted. o Paes 8 b. seni 4 nh Atokes the interstate east a pote co lm of GOmph Betarts : 7-5 mi Cast and takes O -3omph Parallel slower rood west ar Sam mp ducing tre sometime, oa Stacking OF in Front of home. ] Plate Bob pitched o.change- up soko 00k toSammy oF (OOF, . Sameniy drove it Straight back ok Wien, of SZ ok MOH Je (© 2008 by Pearson Editon, le. publishing earn Addison-Wesley. i j (© 2008 by Peron Eavestion, In, obi Kinematics in One Dimension » cuaprse 2. 23 2.2 Instantaneous Velocity 4, Draw both a position-versus-time graph and a velocity-versus-time graph for an object at rest at x=im Im /_——__—_ ~ —— a Constant Position ' Zero Velocity '. The figure shows the position-versus-time graphs for two objects, A and B, that are moving along the same axis 2. Atte instant r= Is isthe speed of A greater than, less than, or equal to the speed of BY Explain A's speed is greater at t=Is The slope of the tangent to B's curve of ¢2Is is smatler than the slope oF A's line. b, Do objects A and B ever have the same speed? I so, at what time or times? Explain. Rand B have tne same speed at just before t23s Attnot time, Hneslope oF the tangent te the Curve Ce presenting B's motion ig equa! tothe slope of the line Cepresenting A. 6, Below are six position-versus-time graphs. For each, draw the corresponding velocity-versus-time ‘graph directly below it, A vertical line drawn through both graphs should connect the velocity vat time f with the position s at the same time. There are no numbers, but your graphs should correctly indicate the relative speeds. a b. | jE 2-4 cuaprer 2» Kinematics in One Dimension ‘ \ ' . of 1, t . 1. ' H LoS Site 1 a) +-— nr) e 4 Roe ° $= ! ' ' . : y 1 e t ' H —_— of 4 of : 1 — 7. The figure shows a position-versus-time graph for a moving object. At which lettered point or points: 2. Is the object moving the slowest? a b. Is the object moving the fastest? D e-Iste obstat es? ACE 4. Does the object have a constant nonzero velocity? B,D c. Is the object moving to the left? D ing os Pearson Aison Wesley. 8. The figure shows a position-versus-time graph for a moving ‘object. At which lettered point or points: a. Tsthe object moving the fastest? D b. Is the object moving to the left? c. Is the object speeding up? 4. Is the object slowing down? ©2008 by Peston Eton, in. pb ce. Is the object turning around? Kinematics in One Dimension CHAPTER 2. 25 9. For each of the following motions, draw + A motion diagram, + A position-versus-time graph, and + A velocity-versus-time graph. 1. A cat starts from rest, steadily speeds up to 40 mph in 15 s, moves at a constant speed for 30 s, then ‘comes to a halt in 5s, BEV DAM oo he he te be ee | ate 0 Tot »—+ 6 Pp ws «8 6S b. A rock is dropped from a bridge and steadily speeds up as it falls. tis moving at 30 rw/s when it hits the ground 3 § later. Think carefully about the signs. oso ¢. A pitcher winds up and throws a baseball with a speed of 40, One-half second later the batter hitsaline drive witha speed of 60 vs The balls eaugt 1 afer itis it. Brom where you are sitting the batter is tothe ight ofthe pitcher, Draw your motion diagram and graph forte horizontal motion ofthe ball x Re ON ee ea ae’ Vs Lae % 2-6 cuaprer 2 - Kinematics in One Dimension 10, The figure shows six frames from the motion diagram of two moving cars, A and B. ae a, Draw both a position-versus-time graph and a velocity- 8 versus-time graph. Show the motion of both cars on each graph, Label them A and B. b. Do the two cars ever have the same postion at one instant of ine? Iso, in which frame number (or numbers)? Yes, at 2 Draw a vertical line through your graphs of part a to indicate this instant of time. . Do the two cars ever have the same velocity at one instant of time? If so, between which two frames? No a 5 11. The figure shows six frames from the motion 3 diagram of two moving cars, A and B. < . me, a, Draw both a position-versus-time graph and a velocity-versus-time graph. Show both cars on ‘each graph, Label them A and B. ». Do the two ears ever have the same position at one instant of time? If so, in which frame number (or numbers}? Yes, at Avonclat S Draw a vertical ine through your graphs of part to indicat this instant of time «, Do the two cars ever have the same velocity at one instant of time? If so, between which two frames? Yes, from 3 to 4 (6.208 by Pearson Eéucaton, In, pobishng a Pearson Addison-Wesley ‘2008 by Peano Edtcton, Ine, polishing esson Aaison- Wesley Kinematics in One Dimension » CHAPTER 2. 2-7 2.3 Finding Position from Velocity 12, Below are shown four velocity-versus-time graphs. For each: *+ Draw the corresponding position-versus-time graph. *+ Give a written description of the motion, Assume that the motion takes place along a horizontal line and that x9 = 0. Moving forward at constant ~ Speeding up initially and SpSN MCR STR, HE nmacatouning Remaining stationary fer the. constant speed Ytter Second one-Hritd of tine Hue Point |. Moving backwoid abe Sar Speed For dne Saale es dow \ ok = of,‘ ~ Constorst forwordspeed ty |. 7 Consfomnt negative Jerotiqnyslowi ~Agrenter constant speed deena | anc noSkwarus from hee Farming ocomndond Slowing down while movi Speeding uote retwmn BockWhnds from die, J tobe sHketing paint ord and, Stopping or3, 2-8 cuarrnn 2 - Kinematics in One Dimension 13, The figure shows the velocity-versus-time graph for a moving object imi) ‘whose intial position is xy = 20 m. Find the object's position rot jraphicaly, using the geometry ofthe graph, atthe following times. f a. Atra3s, Finding Me aren under the curve. o 109 Use tne rectamale marked %. + pees X(BS)=XqrVy (0-3s)(3s) = 20mr10% (3s) = [50m b.Atr=Ss. Add tothe previous answer the area marked This oreacanbe found bY aeiding ihe tectonale From Bete) 4s and 3/4 ot trot oreo forthe portion fromtsto $ OC, equivel . les SOY Cate) Us) + Ya (ats) oValSs)) 5) cAueTs, 260 melO%e()+/a (015 +5%)a)'s)=SOmt Ome TS Add tothe prev juganswertreoreaet 7 tse Hretrionale from 5s to bs and subtract Oren of he tribnale From (os tos These areasare Ya SMsUis) FESS) .So, x(7s) 267. Smtd Sma Sm2[erom 4. You should have found a simple relationship between your answers to parts b and c. Can you explain this? What is the object doing? Bucing the time from 5's-75, the object is slows While Moving in tre +X direction Far ls then " Speeding rp while Moving in the -Adirection For-the Second -Second. Rétouse the accelevohion iS Constant and the times are equal, the motion is Symetvic. The object retraces its path in Ceverse Time t= bs is aturning point. (© 2008 by PeasonEdcaton, Inc, polishing as Pearson Adon Wess 2 (©2008 ty Peason Education In publiting a Pesan Ad kinematics in One Dimension - CHAPTER 2. 2-9 2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration + A motion diagram. a a= Out #0. Traveling ot Canstomt Velocity zee ee b. vy, =Obut ay #0, Th oso vO a Tepe ect of sng ation Remonly shows y= 0, woke. eyes Oand a,> 0. 2 cana templet epee te yaw fy te ee xe @ 15, Below are three vlocty-vesustime graphs. For each Draw the comesponding aeceleration-versus-time graph + Draw a motion diagram below the graphs. Ro ' 1 % & ow GB oR ea Peo (o 1b.) a & £2) gio Bo 4, Ae ee fremetion eee ee ese ey \ Turair sat

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