phm quang lu

N TP TON 12
I.Cc cng thc o hm:
1) c ' 0 (C l hng s).
2) x ' . x 1
1
1
3) ' 2 ( x 0)
x

4) ( x )'

x
1

x 0

2 x
5) sin x ' cos x

6) cos x ' sin x

7) tgx '

1
cos x 2

8) cot gx '

1
sin x 2

9) e x ' e x
10) a x ' a x . ln x
11) ln x '

1
x

12) log a x '

1) u ' . x 1 .u
1
u'
2) ' 2 ( x 0)
u

u
u'

x 0
2 u
4) sin u ' u '. cos u
3) ( u )'

5) cos u ' sin u . u'

6) tgu '

u'
cos u 2

7) cot gu '

u'
sin u 2

8) e u ' e u .u'
9) a u ' a u . ln x . u'
10) log a u '

u'
u ln a

1
x ln a

II/Cc quy tc tnh o hm:

1) (u v w)' u' v' w'
3) (u.v) =u.v + u.v
1
v'
5) ' 2

(v 0 )
v
v
ax b '
a.d b.c
7)

(cx d ) 2
cx d

2) (k.u) =k.u
u
u '.v u.v'
4) '
2
v

6) y'

(v 0 )

y ' u .u' x

* ngha hnh hc ca o hm:

Mt im M0(x0,y0) (C ) : y f ( x). Ta c f(x0)=k:l h s gc ca tip tuyn ti tip
im M0.
III/ Nguyn hm:
1) nh ngha:F(x) c gi l nguyn hm ca hm s y=f(x) trn (a;b) F(x) =f(x)
, x( a, b).
2) Bng cc nguyn hm:
3)
Nguyn hm ca hm s s cp

Nguyn hm ca cc hm s thng gp
1

phm quang lu

1)

dx x c

2)

x dx

3)

x dx ln x c
cos x.dx sin x c
sin x.dx cos x c
1
cos x .dx tgx c

4)
5)
6)
7)

1)

x 1 1

2)

3)
4)
5)

sin

6)

.dx cot gx c

x
8) e dx e x c
x

9)

x
a dx

7)

ax
c
ln a

8)

1 ( ax b) 1
c
a 1
1
1
ax b dx a ln ax b c
1
cos( ax b) dx a sin( ax b) c
1
sin( ax b) dx a cos(ax b) c
1
1
cos 2 ( ax b) dx a tg (ax b) c
1
1
sin 2 (ax b) dx a cot g x c
1 ax b
ax b
e dx a e c
1 a mx n
mx n
a dx m ln a c

(ax b)dx

3)Cc phng php tch phn:

Dng 1:
Tch phn ca tch , thng phi a v tch phn ca 1 tng hoc 1 hiu bng cch
nhn phn phi hoc chia a thc.
n

m
n

a a
*Ch :
Dng 2:Phng php tnh tch phn tng phn:

ex

b
sin x

dx
a/ Loi 1 : C dng: A= P( x).
cos x
a
ax b
e

Trong P(x) l hm a thc

Phng php:
t u=P(x) du P' ( x).dx
ex

sin x

dx V
dv =
cos x
ax b
e

p dng cng thc tnh tch phn tng phn

b

A= u.vba v.du
a

b/Loi 2:c dng : B=

P( x). ln(ax b).dx

a

Phng php :
t u = ln(ax+b) => du =

a
dx
ax b

phm quang lu
dv = P(x)dx => V =
b

p dng cng thc B =

u.vba v.du
a

Dng 3:Phng php i bin s tnh tch phn:

b

A= f x. '.( x).dx
a

Phng php :
t t = .( x) dt ' ( x).dx
x b t (b)
x a t (a )

i cn:

Do A = (b)
F(t).dt= F (t ) ((ba ))
Dng 4:Cc dng c bit c bn:
a

a/Loi 1: I=
0

dx
a x2
2

Phng php:t x=a.tgt t

=> dx=

a
dt a(1 tg 2 t ) dt .
2
cos x

i cn:
a

b/Loi 2: J= a 2 x 2 .dx
0

Phng php: t x=asint t

=> dx = acost.dt
i cn.
b

Dng 5: I =

ax
a

dx
bx c

Nu 0 : ax 2 bx c a( x x1 )( x x2 )
1
1
1
1

ax bx c a( x x1 ) x 1 x 2 x1 x 2
1
1
Nu 0 : 2

2
ax bx c

b

a x
2
2a
4a

Do :

tnh I=
a

1
2

b

a x 2
2a 4a

Phng php : t x+

tgt
2a 2 a

(lm ging dng 4)

*Dng phng php ng nht thc tnh tch phn hm s hu t:

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phm quang lu

1)Trng hp 1:Mu s c nghim n

P( x)
A
B
C

.
( x a )( x b)( x c) x a x b x c

2)Trng hp 2: Mu s c nghim n v v nghim

P( x)
A
Bx C

( x a)(ax 2 bx c) x a ax 2 bx c

3)Trng hp 3: Mu s c nghim bi
P( x)
A
B
C
D
E

2
3
2
3
2
( x a) ( x b)
x b
( x a) ( x b)
(x a)
( x b)

VD:Tnh cc tch phn sau:

3

dx
A= 2
;
2 3x 2 x 1
n

dx
B= 2
;
2 x 6x 9

C=
2

dx
x x 1
2

Dng 6: A= sin .x.dx hay cos .x.dx

Nu n chn :
p dng cng thc
1 cos 2a
2
1 cos 2a
Cos2a=
2

Sin2 a=

Nu n l:
A= sin n1 .x. sin x
t t= cosx (bin i sinx thnh cosx)
m
Dng 7: A= tg x.dx hay B cot g m x.dx
t tg2x lm tha s
Thay tg2 x =

1
1
cos 2 x

4.Cc cng thc lng gic bin i tch thnh tng

1) Cos2a=

1 cos 2a
2

1.1) Sin2 a=

2) 2sina.cosa = sin2a
1
cosa b cos(a b)
2
1
3) Sina.sinb = cosa b cos(a b)
2
1
sin a b sin( a b)
2

1 cos 2a
2

2.1) Cosa.cosb =

3.1) Sina.cosb =

*Cc cng thc lng gic cn nh:

1) Sin2a+cos2a = 1
2) 1+cotg2a =
1- 2sin2a
4

1
sin 2 a

1.1)

1+tg2a =

1
cos 2 a

2.1) Cos2a = cos2a sin2a = 2cos2 a -1 =

phm quang lu
2tga
3) Tg2a =
1 tg 2 a

3.1) Sin 3a = 3sina 4sin3a

4) Cos 3a = 4cos3a 3cosa

*Cc gi tr lng gic ca gc c bit:

sin

1 /2

cost

3/2
2/2

1/2

cos

-1

-1

1
2

2
2

3
2

3
2

IV: Din tch hnh phng.

1) Din tch hnh phng gii hn bi (c ) : y f ( x ) v hai ng thng x=a; x=b
Phng php:
b

+ dthp cn tm l: S f ( x) .dx (a b)
a

+ Honh giao im ca (C) v trc Ox l nghim ca phng trnh:

Nu phng trnh f(x) = o v nghim. Hoc c nghim khng thuc on [a;b] th
b

f ( x).dx
a

Nu f(x) = 0 c nghim thuc [a;b]. Gi s x ; x th

S f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx
a

f ( x ) .dx

f ( x ) .dx

f ( x ) .dx

2) Din tch hnh phng gii hn bi (c ) : y f ( x ) v trc honh

Phng php:
Hg ca (C) v trc Ox l nghim ca phng trnh : f(x) = 0
5

phm quang lu
x a

x b
b

S f ( x ) .dx
a

f ( x).dx
a

3) Din tch hnh phng gii hn bi 2 ng (C1): y=f(x) v (C2): y=g(x) v 2 ng

x=a; x=b
Phng php:
b

Dthp cn tm l: S f ( x) g ( x) dx
a

Hg ca 2 ng (C 1) v (C2) l nghim ca phng trnh.

f(x) g(x) = 0
Lp lun ging phn s 1
V) Th tch vt th
1) Mt hnh phng (H) gii hn bi: x=a; x=b, trc ox v y=f(x) lin tc trn [a;b]. Khi (H)
quay quanh trc ox to ra vt th c th tch:
b

V f ( x) dx
2

2) Mt hnh phng (H) gii hn bi y=a; y=b, trc oy v x=g(y) lin tc trn [a;b]. Khi (H)
b

quay quanh trc oy to ra vt th c th tch: V g ( y )2 dy

a

VI) i s t hp
1) Giai tha
n! = 1.2.3.4..n
2) Ngt giai tha
n!=(n-3)!(n-2).(n-1).n
7!=1.2.3.4.5.6.7
7!=5!.6.7
K!K=(K+1)!
Qui c:
0!=1
1!=1
3) S hon v ca n phn t
Pn ! = n! n 1, n N

4) S chnh hp chp K ca n phn t

Ank

n!
1 k n ,n N
(n k )!

5) S t hp chp K ca n phn t
C nk

n!
0 k n ;n N
k!(n k )!

* Tnh cht ca T Hp:

C n0 C nn 1
C 10
n n
C nk C nn k
C nk Cnk 1 C nk11

6) Nh thc Newtn
(a b) n C

0
n

C n1 a

n1

b C

2
n

n2

... C

k
n

nk

... C

n
n

S hng tng qut th k+1 trong khai trin (a+b)x l. Tk 1 C nk a n k b k (k o,1,.., n)

7) Khai trin theo tam gic Pascal
n = 3:
1
3
3
1
n = 4:
1
4
6
4
1
n = 5:
1
5
10
10
5
1
n = 6:
1
6
15
20
15
6
1
6

phm quang lu

n = 7:

21

35

35

21

VII) Cc vn c lin quan n bi ton

Vn 1: ng li chung kho st hm s
Phng php:
1) Tp xc nh
2) Tnh y
x
y' 0
x

y
y

3) Tm gii hn v tim cn (nu l hm s hu t)

4) Bng bin thin
5) Tnh y. Lp bng xt du y.
6) im c bit.
7) V th.
Vn 2: Bin lun phng trnh f(x,m)=0 (1) bng th (C)
Phng php:
Chuyn m sang 1v a v dng : f(x)=m
t y=f(x) c th (C)
y=m l ng thng d cng phng vi trc ox
S nghim ca phng trnh (1) chnh l s giao im ca (C) v d
Da vo th kt lun.
Vn 3: Bin lun theo m s giao im ca 2 ng (C1): y = f(x)v (C 2): y = g(x)
Phng php:
+ Honh giao im ca (C 1) v (C2)l nghim ca phng trnh:
f ( x) g ( x) f ( x) g ( x) 0 (1)

+ Bin lun:
Nu (1) c n nghim =>(C1) v (C2) c n im chung (Hay n giao im)
Nu (1) v nghim => (C1) v (C2) khng c im chung (Hay khng c giao im)
Ch :
Nu pt (1) c dng ax + b = 0 ch khi bin lun phi xt 2 trng hp.
1) Nu a=0
2) Nu a 0
Nu pt (1) c dng ax2 + bx + c = 0 xt 2 trng hp
1) Nu a=0
2) Nu a 0 . Tnh . Xt du . Da vo lp lun
Nu pt (1): ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0. Ta a v dng :
( x )(a' x 2 b' x c' ) 0
x
2
( 2)
a ' x b ' x c ' 0

Th x vo (1). Tm m. Xt pt (2) .Tnh

a vo bin lun theo m tm s nghim ca (1) => S giao im ca 2 ng (C1) v
(C2) .
Vn 4: Tip tuyn vi (C); y = f(x)
7

phm quang lu

1) Trng hp 1: Ti tip im M0(x0,y0)

Phng php:
+ Tnh y => y(x0 )
+ phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C). Ti M0 c dng: y y0 = y(x0).(x-x0)
2) Trng hp 2: Bit tip tuyn song song vi ng thng y = ax + b (d)
Phng php:
+ Gi M 0(x0,y0) l tip im.
+ Phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C) ti M0 c dng y y0 = y(x0).(x-x0 ).
+ V tip tuyn song song vi d nn: y(x0 ).= a (1)
+ Gii (1) tm x0 => y0
+ Kt lun
* Ch :
Bit tip tuyn vung gc. Vung gc vi ng thng d: y=ax + b th
y ' ( x0 ).a 1
1

y' ( x0 )
a

3) Trng hp 3: Bit tip tuyn i qua im A(xA,yA)

Phng php:
+ Gi l ng thng i qua A c h s gc l k c phng trnh:
y - yA = k(x xA)
<=> y = kx kxA + yA.
+ tip xc vi ng cong (C) <=> H phng trnh sau c nghim
f ( x) kx kxA y A 1)
f ' ( x) k ( 2)

+ Th (1) vo gii tm x
+ Th x va tm c vo (2). Suy ra k.
+ Kt lun.
Vn 5: Tm m Hm s c cc i v cc tiu.
1) Trng hp 1: Hm s ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0.
Phng php.
+ Tp xc nh : D = R
+ Tnh y. hm s c cc tr th y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit
a 0

2) Trng hp 2: Hm s : y

ax 2 bx c
a ' x b'

Phng php:
+ Tp xc nh D = R\{-b/a)
+ Tnh y'

g ( x)
( a' x b) 2

hm s c cc i v cc tiu th y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit.

phm quang lu
' g 0

b'

g ( ) 0

a'

Vn 6: Tm m Hm s t cc i ti x0 (hoc cc tiu, cc tr)

Phng php:
+ Tp xc nh.
+ Tnh y
m
m

Thun: Hm s t cc i ti x0 f ' ( x0 ) 0

o: Th m vo y. Lp bng bin thin kim li.

+ Kt lun.
Ch :
Nu hm s t cc tr ti x0 th y ch cn i du khi x i qua x0.
Vn 7: Tm m (hoc a, b) hm s: ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 nhn im I(x0;y0) lm im
un.
Phng php:

phm quang lu

3) Phng Trnh Bt Phng Trnh Cha Logarit

- Cng Thc.
LogaN=b ( A 0; A 1; N 0)
a log

log a a 1
log a 1 0
log a ( A.B ) log a A log a B
A
B

log a ( ) log a A log a B

log a b log a b. log a b

log a b

log a b

log a b.

log a b.

1
log b a

log a b. log b c log a c

log a b

log c b
log c a

- Phng Trnh Bt Phng Trnh C Bn

a0
log a 1 log a 2 a 1
0
2
1

Nu a > 1
log a 1 log a 2 1 2 0

Nu 0 < a < 1
log a x1 log a x 2 a x1 x 2

- Cch Gii:
a v cnng c s
a v pt v bpt c bn
t n s ph
Phn khong
Gii pp t bit.

10

phm quang lu

Hm S Lng Gic
2

* (cos a sin a) 1 sin 2a

2
* cot ga tga
sin 2a
2(sin 2 a cos 2 a )
* cot ga tga
2 sin a cos a
2 cot g 2a

Cos i : i ca
Sin b : B ca
Khc tg hoc cotg
Lu :
Hm s lng gic ( k 2 ) = hslg
tg
tg
( k )
( )
cot g
cot g
hs lg( a b) hs lg(b a )

Hm cos khng i du gi tr.

Hm sin, tg, cotg i

: b nhau

v : ph nhau

180 ( )
sin sin

2
sin( ny) cos(kia )

cos cos
tg tg
cot g cot g
ABC A B C

sin( A B ) sin C

tg (ny) cot g ( kia )

sin 2 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2

tg .tg cot g . cot g

Khc / 2

cos( A B ) cos C
tg ( A B ) tgC
cot g ( A B ) cot gC

tg (

) cot g

cot g ( ) tg
2

Phng Trnh Bt Phng Trnh Cha Cn

Cc tnh cht:
( a ) 2 a
2
a a

- A , k a 0

Phng trnh cha cn bc 2.

Phng trnh cha cn bc 3:
Cch gii

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