1, 30 2008 (9:00-11:00).

(1900) Planck: ( *)

. .
( ) (), (=):
(=):h
( ).
E=hv

:
1. (1900)
I(mA)

(nm)

2. (1905) Einstein

e-
e- .
3. Compton (1923)
e-.
, . ( )
, (
).
* 1899
. !

Planck (h): = =

h
2

E=hv

=============================================================

(1925) De Broglie
e-, p, n
(
).
,
, E = h v
E hv h
= ,
, P = =
c
c
.

Bohr ( = ).
(HOMEWORK), De
Broglie :
3 .
(1927) Davisson Germer

e- :
.

.
2
P=P1+P2


( )

. , . , (. 2007-2008).
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
( . (. 2007-2008))
() (1900 Planck )

.
. ( )
().
: (<)

: .
.

.
(J):

t S F = S f

J=J(f,T) .
: .

S
oo

I = J ( f , T )df
o

[J ] =

Watt
m 2 Hz

[] = Watt
2
m


( :
.)
:
(1)

.
(
) .

(2)

Stefan-Boltzmann: I=4
.

(3)

Wien ():

(4)

max 0.3

Wien:

J wien f 3e

af

f )

Planck:

J ( f ,T ) =

2hf 3
C 2 e hf / k 1

Planck :

= =f

= n=f

:

.
e:

( ) = eVD

:
(1)

()
.

(2)

f=fmin ( ). f<fo
.

(3)

K (eV) f.

(4)

To
.

**

, .
(W),
(Wi).

To Compton (1923):
().

=h/, X (
).
( )
e-, .
.

:
e
.
e-
2
e-.
** =
.

'

= c 2 2 + m 2c 4
:

= hf

(m mo )
=

hf
c

hf + mc 2 = f ' h + E

hf
hf
hf cos
cos =
+ 0 = hf cos + cos
c
c
c

hf '
hf '
0+0 =
sin sin
sin = sin
c
c

p 2 = h 2 f 2 + f 2 2 ff cos

= h f f ' + mc 2

[h( f f ) + mc ]
'

2 2

[ (

1 1
h
=
(1 cos )
f ' f mc 2

h
(1 cos )
mc

h
= c Compton emc

c
(1 cos )

= c

)]

h 2 f 2 + f ' 2 ff ' cos = m 2 c 4

1 1
= ' = c '
f
f

c 2 2 = h 2 f 2 + f ' 2 ff ' cos

2 c 2 2 = m 2c 4

= hf =

hc

hc
= mc 2
h
mc