SaharMahate

January15,2016
AnnotatedSourceList

Adams,S.(2012,August21).Greenteaextracteradicatescancertumours.RetrievedSeptember17,
2015,from
TheTelegraph
website:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/9490733/
Greenteaextracteradicatescancertumours.html

Summary:
This
webarticle
isabouthowcertainnutrientsingreenteacanhelpremovetumourstofightoffcancer.Green
teahasanextractknownas
epigallocatechingallatewhichhasanticarcinogenicproperties.Theepigallocatechin
gallateextractinthegreenteawasfoundtohavetheabilitytoactivelyshrinktumours.Creatingatargeted
deliverysystemforthissubstanceallowedtheextracttoworkeffectivelyandefficientlyineradicatingand
shrinkingthetumourcells.Largeamountsoftheextractandintargetedlocationshelpsfighttumoursand
cancers.Whentheextractisspreadthroughoutthebody(likethroughdigestion),theamountsofextractaretoo
smallandinsignificanttomakeadifference.Withlargerquantitiesofepigallocatechingallatetargetedina
specificarea,thetumourcellscanbekilled(withoutdamaginghealthytissuecells),preventingitfromovertaking
thebodyandlettingcancertakehold.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleprovidesmewithdifferentkindofinformationoncancerresearch.Thisresearchisspecificallyabout
targetingtumoursthateventuallyleadtocancer.The
epigallocatechingallatehelpsdecreaseorevencompletely
removethetumourtopreventthetumourfromcausingcancerandspreadingalloverthebody,eliminatingthe
issuebeforeitbecomesofevengreaterdanger.Moreimportantly,thearticletalksaboutwhatprocessmustbe
usedforthegreenteaextracttobeusedforittoworkthemostefficiently,whichisjustasimportantinformation
foranyoftheotherarticlesIfound.Thekindofprocessusedinthisresearchprojectcouldbeusedinother
projectsaswell.

Antioxidantsandcancerprevention.(2014,January16).RetrievedSeptember22,2015,from
http://www.cancer.gov/aboutcancer/causesprevention/risk/diet/antioxidantsfactsheet

Summary:
This
online
articleisaboutantioxidantswhicharechemicalsthatcanhelpprotectthebodyfromseveral
aspects,unlikeanticarcinogens,whichprovidethesolepurposeofpreventingordestroyingtumorsorcancers.
Becausetheantioxidantsareabletocauseharmtocells,itcanbeusedtodestroycancercells.Antioxidantscan
preventthedestructionthatcancercauses,andthearticlegivesmanyexamplesofpastconductedresearchin
whichspecifickindsofantioxidantsweretestedonpeopletoseewhetherornotthechemicalswereeffective.
Althoughtheantioxidantsweresometimeshelpfulandbeneficialaccordingsomeofthetrials/experimentslisted,
theysometimesworsenedthesituationofthebodyratherthanimprovingitandpreventingordestroyingthe
cancercells.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleishelpfulittalksaboutsubstancesotherthananticarcinogensthatmaybeabletohelppreventcancer
sothatIhaveavarietyofsourcestocomparewhichcancerpreventionstrategyisthemosteffectiveand
efficient.Icanfindmoredetailedresearchpapersontheeffectofantioxidantsoncancerpreventionwith
specificdatatocomparetheeffectsofanticarcinogens,antimutagens,andantioxidants.Icouldalsousethe
previousresearchexperimentslistedinthearticleformoreinformationaboutspecificcontentinthatarea.


Batra,P.,&Sharma,A.K.(2013,February12).Anticancerpotentialofflavonoids:Recenttrendsandfuture
perspectives.RetrievedDecember6,2015,from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3824783/

Summary:
This
online
researchpaperexplainsthedifferentkindsofflavonoidsthatexistandwhichkindsoffoodsthey
existin.Itgoesontoexplainhowsomeoftheseflavonoidscanbeabsorbedintothesmallintestine,whichis
helpfulinpreventingcancersinthedigestivesystem,butnotallofthemcanbeabsorbed.Amajorityofthe
flavonoidsaresimplyexcreted,butfromthosethatdogetabsorbedintothesmallintestine,itisusuallyonly
510%ofit.Thearticlegoesintomoredetailonhowtheflavonoidscanbeusedandhowitaffectsthecells.
Diagramsandtablesarealsousedinthepapertodepictthestructuresofdifferentflavonoidsandtoorganize
thedifferentkindsofflavonoids,whatfoodstheycanbefoundin,andthedifferenttypesofcancerswhichthey
canhelpprevent.Themanyprocessesofthevariousflavonoidsinpreventingcancerordestroyingcancerand
cancercellsisexplainedanddescribedaswell.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisresearchpaperappliestomyownresearchbecauseittalksabouthowanticarcinogenslikeflavonoidscan
beusedtopreventorfightagainstcancer.Ithasinformationabouthowdifferentamountsofflavonoids,
flavanones,andflavonolscouldbebeneficialagainstdifferentkindsofcancer.Thearticlealsoexplainshow
theyaremetabolized,whichhelpsmebetterunderstandhowtheycanbeeffectivelyused.

Campos,F.G.,LogulloWaitzberg,A.G.,Kiss,D.R.,Waitzberg,D.L.,HabrGama,A.,&
GamaRodrigues,J.(2005,February).
TableII:

Anticarcinogenicconstituentspresentinfruits
andvegetables
[Image].Retrievedfromhttp://scielo.isciii.es/img/nh/v20n1//revision1/
revision1_tabla2.gif

Summary:
ThistableIfoundonawebsite
online
displaysthemainbranchesandcategoriesofexistinganticarcinogens,
includingpreviouslyresearchedantioxidants,flavonoids,proteaseinhibitors,andisoflavones.Inthenextcolumn,
italsospecificallylistswherethesecomponentscanbefound,likethekindsofplantsandnaturalresources
whichincludecruciferousvegetables,alliumvegetables,soy,etc.Theverylastcolumnexplainsthespecific
actionsofthecomponentandtheroletheyplayinhelpingtocounterthedetrimentaleffectsofcancer,which
helptoprotectthebody.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleishelpfulbecauseitorganizesvariouskindsofanticarcinogens,wheretheycanbefound,andthe
generaleffecttheyhaveonthebody.HavingthisinformationsummarizesandcompilesmuchoftheinformationI
havelearnedinpreviousarticlesintoanorganizedtablewhichiseasytounderstandandsummarizestheirmain
points.ThisallowsmetoeasilyfindthisbasicinformationsoIknowwheretolookformoredetailed
information,andalsofurtherresearchotherkindsofanticarcinogenswhichIhavenotlearnedabout.
Additionally,ithelpsmedifferentiatebetweenwhatareanticarcinogensandwhatarenot,asthenamescan
oftengetconfusing.

Canturmericpreventortreatcancer?(2015,August6).RetrievedNovember23,2015,from
http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/cancersingeneral/cancerquestions/can
turmericpreventbowelcancer

Summary:
This
website
focusesspecificallyonthespiceturmeric,containingcurcumin,whichhasanticarcinogenic
properties,whichcouldallowittopreventcancerfromdevelopinginapersonsbody.Turmericseemstobe
themostbeneficialforpreventingbreastcancer,bowelcancer,stomachcancer,aswellasskincancer.When
thecurcuminisingested,itgoesthroughthedigestivesystem,soitismostabsorbedandbeneficialinthose
areas,thoughitdoesalsohelpdetrimentskincancer.Thewebsitealsoreferstoseveralclinicaltrialsthattook
placeinwhichturmericwastestedandthedatafoundfromitwasappliedtothistopic.Turmericpotentiallyalso
hassideeffects,soingestingitintoolargequantitiesmaybemoredisadvantageousthanadvantageous.This
showsthatmoretestsareneededtoobservethebenefitsofturmericandthequantityneededtobeusedtohave
apositiveeffect.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thiswebsitewashelpfulformyresearchbecauseitaddressedhowitwaspossibleforexcessiveamountsof
turmerictohavesideeffects,andthatthoughmanyofthesenaturalfoodsmaybehealthyandbeneficial,they
maybecomedetrimentalatacertainpoint.Thoughitispossiblethatturmericpreventscancer,largerquantities
areneededforagreateroveralleffect,butthesideeffectsmaynegatethepositivebenefits.Thisputsinto
questionhowtheseanticarcinogenicfoodsshouldbeusedandinwhatquantitiessotheycanhelpprevent
cancerwithoutbeingharmfulorhavingadifferentnegativeinfluenceonthebody.

Carcinogens.(2007).RetrievedOctober1,2015,fromhttp://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetails
Page/fromReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=SCIC&windowstate=normal&c
ontentModules=&displayquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=hcpub_h
ebron&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_res
ults=&p=SCIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV219150021
8

Summary:
This
web
sourcegivesdetailsaboutwhatcarcinogensareandgoesintodetailofdifferentexamples.Ittalks
aboutcarcinogensthatareinartificiallycreatedchemicals,tobacco,andotherdangeroussubstancesthatshould
beavoided.Itliststhespecificcarcinogensintobaccoliketar,nicotine,carbonmonoxide,etc.,andgivesa
percentageofthenumberofpeoplewhodieofcancerbecauseofbadsmokinghabits.Thearticlealsobriefly
mentionstheimportanceofeatingcertainkindsofvegetablestodecreasetheriskofcancer.Exercisingahealthy
dietreducestheriskofcertaincancerslikecoloncancer,whichcandevelopbecauseofcarcinogensfoundin
processedfoods.Thisdatabasearticlebrieflygoesintodetailaboutkindsofinfectionsthatmayactuallyleadto
cancer,andcontinuesonexplainingspecificchemicalcarcinogensandthedangerstheypossess.Theauthorof
thisarticleshortlymentionsattheendhowcancerscausedbygeneticsaremoredifficulttocontrolandprevent,
showingthatthisauthor,contrarytotheoneoftheprevioussource,believesthatgeneticsdoplayarolein
causingcancer.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleishelpfulbecauseitgivesmebackgroundinformationoncarcinogens,ratherthanjust
anticarcinogens,soIknowwhatkindofthingstoavoidsincetheypreventcancer.Usinganticarcinogensto
preventcancerwhilestillriskingexposuretocarcinogenswouldnegatethebenefitsoftheanticarcinogens,so
beingabletorecognizethesecarcinogensisakeystepinpreventingcancerforpeopletoknowwhattoavoid.

Chen,J.(2015,May21).Thepossiblediseasefighterinyourspicerack:Themanybenefitsof
turmeric.RetrievedSeptember11,2015,from
HuffingtonPost
website:http://www.huffington
post.com/juliechenmd/thediseasefighterinyou_b_7348074.html

Summary:
Thearticleonthis
website
talksaboutthespiceturmericwhichhasmanymedicinalpropertiesusedforavariety
ofdifferentreasonsinthepast.Turmericalsocontainsanticarcinogenicpropertieswhichmayhelpprevent
cancer.Thespicecontainscurcuminwhichisabletoblockreceptorsandpathwaysthatleadtocancersor
tumorsforcertainbodyorgans,soturmericismorelikelytopreventcancerfromdevelopinginthoseareas.The
curcuminwhichalsokillsthecancercells,doesnotharmthehealthycells,andpreventsthecancercellsfrom
creatingaresistanceagainstthetreatment,ashasoccurredwithprevioustreatments.Cancerouscellsseemto
takeinmoreofthecurcuminthanhealthycellsdo,andthecurcuministhenabletoattackthecancerouscelland
expelitfromthebody.Turmericcanbothhelppreventcancer(andavarietyofotherdiseases)andalsobe
usedasamethodoftreatmentforcancerpatients.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Themanydifferentmedicalusesofturmeric,includingitsanticarcinogenicpropertiesiswhatoriginallysparked
myinterestformymorespecificresearchquestionaboutcancer.Thissourcegavememorespecificinformation
about
thespice,whichhelpsmeknowwhatthingstolookforwhenresearchingsubstancesthatmayprevent
cancer.Italsogavemeabetterunderstandingofhowtheturmeric,whichcontainscurcumin,exactlyhelpsto
preventcancerthroughtheuseofdifferentproteinsandpathwaysinthebody.

Commonvitaminsupplementhasanticancerproperties.(2008,July).RetrievedSeptember22,2015,from
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?&prodId=SCIC
&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displayquery=&mode=view&displayGroupName=News
&limiter=&u=hcpub_hebron&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&sourc
e=&search_within_results=&p=SCIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GA
LE%7CA182523539

Summary:
This
web
sourceisamuchshorter,lessdetailedarticleaboutthebenefitsofvitaminswiththeiranticancer
properties.Thearticlebrieflysummarizesresearchconductedbyaprofessor,EleanorRogan,whofoundthata
vitaminsupplementcalledresveratrolcouldhelpcurebreastcancerasittargetedtumorsthatarefoundinbreast
cancer.Theresveratrolhelpspreventthesuddenincreaseinestrogenlevelsthatareoftenassociatedwithbreast
cancer.ItalsohelpspreventadductsfromformingwhichcreatesproblemswithDNAreplication,whichcan
thencausecancer.AdductscausetheDNAtoreplicaterapidlywiththesemutations,buttheresveratrolhelps
preventtheseadductsfromgrowinganddeveloping.Fromthesestudies,theresveratrolfoundinvitaminsor
vitaminsupplementscanhelppreventorstopbreastcancer,especiallywhenitisfoundinitsearlierstages.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleonlygivesmegeneralinformationaboutthebenefitsofvitaminsanddoesnotreallyhelpadvancemy
researchmuch,butitisagoodstartingpointasitdoestellmeaboutaspecificresearchprojectIcould
referencetoformoredetailedinformationaboutthetopic.


Ehrlich,S.D.(2014,June26).Turmeric.RetrievedDecember6,2015,fromUniversityof
MarylandMedicalCenterwebsite:https://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/turmeric

Summary:
This
online
siteaddressestheeffectsofturmeric,scientificnameCurcumalonga,onvarioushealthissues,
includingcancer,andhowtheantioxidantsinturmericcandefendthecellsfromgettingcancer.Incookingand
eating,therootsoftheturmericareused,containingcurcumin,acertainkindofanticarcinogen.Turmericcan
befoundintheformofpowder,liquid,ortincture.Thoughturmerichasmanybenefits,italsohassideeffects
likebloodthinning,causinglowbloodsugar,etc.ifusedinlargeamounts.Thoughingestingitinfoodis
perfectlysafe,somesupplementsinsmallamountsarealsobeneficialwithoutcausingsideeffects,butifusedin
amountsthataretoogreat,theremaybeconsequences.Thewebsitegivesthespecificdosagesinwhichadults
mayusevariousformsofturmeric.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleisadvantageousformyresearchbecauseitshowstheeffectsofaspecificspicecalledturmericon
cancer.Thoughthatshortamountofinformationwasnotveryhelpfultome,thearticlealsotalksaboutthe
differentwaysorformsinwhichtheturmericcanbeused,whichtellsmewhichformsofthespicecanbeused
topreventcancer.

Fahey,J.W.,Wehage,S.L.,Holtzclaw,W.D.,Kensler,T.W.,Egner,P.A.,Shapiro,T.A.,&
Talalay,P.(2012,February7).Protectionofhumansbyplantglucosinolates:Efficiencyofconversion
ofglucosinolatestoisothiocyanatesbythegastrointestinalmicroflora.RetrievedDecember9,2015,
from
http://cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/5/4/603.full.html

Summary:
This
online
researchpaperstartsbyexplainingthatcruciferslikecruciferousvegetablescontainglucosinolates
whicharethenconvertedintoisothiocyanates,whichcanprotectthebodyagainstcancerandotherharmful
diseases.Cruciferousvegetablescanhelppreventstomachcancer,bladdercancer,lungcancerandmanymore.
Cookingthevegetablesinsteadofeatingthemrawtakesawaysomeoftheirbenefitasitinactivatesthechemical
myrosinase,whichhelpstheprocessinwhichglucosinolateshelppreventcancer.Thearticlealsocontains
severalvariousgraphsandchartswhichrepresentthedatawhichwascollectedinthetrialsdisplayingtheeffects
ofglucosinolatesandcomparesthedifferentresults.Themethodsfortestingtheeffectofcruciferousvegetables
onpeoplewasdescribedindetail,inwhichbroccolisproutextractswereusedforthetesting.Theresults
showedthattheglucosinolatesinthiscruciferousvegetablewereresponsibleforprotectingthebodyagainst
harmfulcarcinogensandcancers.
ApplicationtoResearch:
Theinformationfromthispaperisapplicabletomyresearchasitreferstodifferenttypesofcruciferous
vegetablesthatcouldpreventcancer,aswellastheireffectspecificallyinthegastrointestinal,ordigestive
system.

Ferguson,L.R.(1994).Antimutagensascancerchemopreventiveagentsinthediet.RetrievedOctober18,
2015,from
ScienceDirect
website:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
0027510794903131

Summary:


This
online
researchpaperisaboutbothanticarcinogensandantimutagensandhowtheycanbeusedtohelp
preventcancer.Ittalksabouthowantimutagensandanticarcinogensthatarefoundnaturallycanbemuchmore
beneficialthanartificialchemicalswhichmayhelpservethepurposebutleadtoothercomplicationswhichmay
bedetrimentaltothehealth.Thearticlestalksabouthowfruitsandvegetableshavecertainpropertiesand
vitaminsthatshouldbeincreasedindietsastheyhavemanyhealthbenefits.Higherquantitiesofthese
substancescanhelpfightoffanddestroycarcinogensandmutagenswhichmayeventuallyleadtocancer.
Incorporatingthesefoodsintotheregulardiethasmanybenefits,includingdecreasingtheriskofdeveloping
cancer.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleishelpfulbecauseitgivesinformationaboutanticarcinogensfoundthroughvariousnaturaleveryday
sourcesandallowsmetohavealargervarietyofinformationandseehowdifferentmethodsofcancer
preventionhaveadvancedsincethen.Itgivesmeinsightintohowcertainpropertiesinnaturaleverydayfoods
likefruitsandvegetablescanbeusedtopreventcancer,buttherewasnotthatmuchdetailedornew
information,assimilarinformationhasbeengiveninpreviousarticlesaswell.

Hendrich,S.,Wang,W.,&Birt,D.F.(2001,May).
Dietaryagentsincancerprevention:Flavonoidsand
isoflavonoids
.RetrievedSeptember18,2015,fromhttp://www.researchgate.net/publication/
11769259_Dietary_agents_in_cancer_prevention_flavonoids_and_isoflavonoids/links/09e4150bf62c7
1309d000000.pdf

Summary:
This
online
researchpaperisabouthowtheflavonesandisoflavonesfoundinmanydifferentfoodscanhelp
preventcancer.Itusesatabletocomparethevariouskindsofcommonplantflavonoidsliketheirstructuresand
componentsaswellasspecificnamesofexamplesofeach.Itdisplaysdataofhowtheflavonoidsaffecttherisk
ofdifferentkindsofcancersthroughgraphs.Thearticlegoesintodetailaboutseveralotherstudiesandhowthe
flavonoidscanhelpprotectpeoplefromcancer,butcertaindemographicfactorsaffecttheefficiencyofit.
Studiesinthisarticlefoundthatthosewhowereundertheageof50anddidnotsmokebenefittedthemost
fromflavonoids.Isoflavones,suchasthosefoundinsoyfoods,alsoseemtoberelatedtocancerprevention.
ManyAsiancountrieshavesoyinmostoftheirfoods,andthesepopulationswerefoundtohavelesscasesof
cancerthanWesternnations.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisinformationcouldbehelpfulbecauseitgivesmeverydetailedinformationaboutflavonesandisoflavones
andwhattolookforinfoodsthatpreventcancer.ThishelpsmeextendmyownresearchsoIcanfindspecific
pointstofocusonuntilIfindonethatworksbestforme.
Howspicyfoodscankillcancers.(2007,January9).RetrievedSeptember11,2015,from
BBC
website:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6244715.stm

Summary:
This
webarticle
talksaboutasubstancecalledcapsaicinwhichisfoundinjalapenopeppers.Thissubstancein
thepepperscouldpossiblybeusedasakindofcancertreatmentsinceitcankillcancercellswithoutaffecting
theotherhealthycells.Thesubstancetargetsthepowerhouseofthecellsthemitochondria.Destroyingthe
mitochondriaofthesecancercellskillsthecellsthemselvesandcantheneradicatetherestofthecancerouscells
toworkasasortoftreatment.Usingcapsaicin,asubstancewhichbelongstothevanilloidfamily,tocreate
drugsforcancertreatment,maybemuchquicker,easier,andcheapertocreateandbuy.Additionally,this
articleshowsthatcapsaicintargetsmitochondriaofcancercellstokillthem,solookingforsubstanceswhich


targetmitochondriatokillthecellmayallowresearcherstofindmoreeffectivesubstancestobeusedincancer
treatment.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleisusefulasitprovidesmewithknowledgeoncancerandsubstancesfoundinnormal,everyday
vegetablesthatcanhelpfightcertaincancercells.Sincetheparticularsubstancefoundinthepepperstargets
cancercellsandcancercellsonly,itcangivemeanideaofwhatkindsofsubstancesandpropertiesIshouldbe
lookingfortofindouthowtheycanpreventcancerbeforeitevendevelops.Eatingavarietyofhealthyfruitsand
vegetablescontainnaturalsubstanceswhichmayputapersonatalowerriskfromdevelopingcancerinthefirst
place.

Indole3carbinol.(n.d.).RetrievedJanuary5,2016,fromPhytochemicalswebsite:
http://www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/indole3carbinol.php

Summary:
This
onlinesite
detailsthephytochemicalindole,specificallyknownasindole3carbinol.Thisphytochemicalis
foundinmanycruciferousvegetables,includingcauliflower,broccoli,cabbage,kale,Brusselsprouts,andan
abundanceofothers.Thisindoleisformedfromanotherindolesubstancewhichiscalledindole3glucosinolate.
Indole3carbinolformsfromthiswiththeuseofanenzymecalledmyrosinase,similartotheprocess
glucosinolatesusetocreateisothiocyanates.Thisindoleonlyformsinvegetablesinspecificcircumstancesafter
beingcrushedorcooked.Indole3carbinolhelpstopreventcancerbyrepairingDNAandactivatingthe
processofapoptosis,whichinducescelldeathfordangerouscells,suchascancerousones.Indoleswerefound
tobeeffectiveonbreastcancer,cervicalcancer,skincancer,andprostatecancer,butsomehavelessclear
resultsthanothers.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thiswebsitegivesmeinformationontheusageandformationofindoles,whichisoneofthespecific
anticarcinogensIamresearching,butthearticledidnothavetoomuchmaterialonthetopic.Althoughtherewas
asmallamountofusefulinformationinthisarticle,theinformationfoundwashelpfulandgavemeanotherpoint
ordetailwhichIcouldcontinuetoresearchmoreindepth.

Johnson,I.T.,&Fenwick,G.R.(2000).
Dietaryanticarcinogensandantimutagens:Chemicaland
biologicalaspects
.Retrievedfromhttps://books.google.com/books/about/Dietary_Anticarcinogens_
and_Antimutagens.html?id=1bijAgAAQBAJ

Summary:
This
e Book
hassectionsthatfocusonvariousthings.Section1hasaseriesofchapterswhichfocusondifferent
cancerpreventivefoodsandhowdifferentsubstancesinthesefoodscanhelppreventcertainkindsofcancers.
Section2hasinformationabouttheavailabilityofcertainelementsinthefoodsandhowtheyareabsorbedinto
thebodythroughmetabolismanddigestion,oralternativemethods.Thefewsectionsinthemiddletalkabout
howtheanticarcinogensandantimutagenshaveotherhealthbenefitsfortheoverallimmunesystemandthen
section8goesbackandlooksattheeffectsofanticarcinogensineverydaydietoncancerprevention.Theentire
bookisacollectionofresearchbyvariousscientiststhathavebeencompiled.

ApplicationtoResearch:


Thisarticleishelpfulbecauseitgivesindepthinformationaboutspecificanticarcinogensandantimutagensand
hasavastamountofresearchpapersthatcouldbeusedtoenhanceandaddmoredetailtomyownresearchas
Ihaveaccesstosomanydifferentresearchpapersabouthowantimutagensandanticarcinogenscanhelp
preventcancerallinoneplaceandseveralofthemwillcorroborateinformationinotherresearchpapers.

Kensler,T.W.,Egner,P.A.,Agyeman,A.S.,Visvanathan,K.,Groopman,J.D.,Chen,J.G.,..
Talalay,P.(2014,January1).Keap1Nrf2signaling:Atargetforcancerpreventionby
sulforaphane.RetrievedDecember16,2015,from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553557/

Summary:
This
online
researchpaperexplainshowacertainphytochemicalknownassulforaphanecanbeusedto
preventcancer.Similartothesourcesofotheranticarcinogens,phytochemicalsarereadilyavailablein
cruciferousvegetableslikebroccoli,cabbage,kale,Brusselssprouts,etc.Thearticlealsotalksabout
carcinogensfoundintheenvironmentworkandhowtheyaffectusdetrimentally.Oncethebodyisexposedto
carcinogens,theyareabletogothroughacertainprocessanddamagetheDNAandcausecancertodevelop.
Theresearcharticleincorporatesvisualslikegraphs,charts,andtablesthroughoutthearticletodisplaydataor
providemoreclarityandsupporttotheprocessesthathavebeenexplainedindifferentsections.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticlebenefitsmyresearchbecauseitgivesmemoreinformationaboutphytochemicalscontaining
glucosinolatesandhowtheyworkandcanbeusedinordertohelppreventandhindervarioustypesofcancers.
Italsogivesmemoreinformationaboutcarcinogensandspecificallyhowanticarcinogenscannegatethe
detrimentaleffectsofthecarcinogensfoundintheenvironment.

Li,W.(2010,February).
Canweeattostarvecancer?
[Videofile].Retrievedfrom
https://www.ted.com/talks/william_li/transcript?language=en

Summary:
This
online
TEDTalkVideoisabouthowcancercanbepreventedthroughtheuseofantiangiogenictherapy,
analternativetothetypicalkindsoftherapy,inwhichcancercellsareavertedfromusingbloodvesselstogrow
andhavetheopportunitytobecomedangerousanddeadly.Thismethodalsopreventscanceratitsrootsasit
doesnotallowalreadyexistingcancercellsandcarcinogensinthebodytomutateandturnintocellsthatare
actuallyadangertothebody.Lialsotalksabouthowdifferentfoodslikestrawberryextract,soybeans,andtea
areeffectiveatdestroyinganykindsofcarcinogens,regardlessoftheirimminentdangertothebody,orcreating
alayerofprotectionfromthem.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleisbeneficialtomyresearchbecauseitdiscussesvariousmethodsofcancerprevention,givingme
backgroundonotherscopesofthetopicinsteadofonlymymainfocus,whichhelpsmebetterunderstandthe
topicoverall.Additionally,itmentionsdifferentwaysinwhichthistherapycouldbeused,givingmemore
informationonhowanticarcinogenscanbeusedtopreventcanceraswell.Icouldpossiblyalsocontactthe
presenterofthisvideoinordertoaskquestionsandgetmoreinformation.

Narayanan,A.,Baskaran,S.A.,Amalaradjou,M.A.R.,&Venkitanarayanan,K.(2015).


Anticarcinogenicpropertiesofmediumchainfattyacidsonhumancolorectal,skinandbreast
cancercellsinvitro.RetrievedOctober14,2015,from
http://www.mdpi.com/14220067/16/3/5014/htm

Summary:
This
online
articleisabouthowtheanticarcinogenicpropertiesoffattyacidchainscanbeusedtodestroyor
slowthegrowthofcertaincancercells.Thisresearchpaperusesgraphstorepresentthedatacollectedand
comparestheeffectsofdifferentfattyacidsondifferentcancercells.Theresearchgoesintodetailabouthow
thegoatfattyacidscandecreasethegrowthofcolonandskincancer.Itexplainshowitaffectscertaingenes,
likegenesthatallowcelldivision,whichmaybecomelimitedthroughthefattyacidchainssothatthecancercells
cannotgrowandreplicatethecorruptcells.Thepaperfoundthatacidslikecapriccaprylic,andcaproic
displayedsignsthatcouldpossiblybeusedtopreventorcurecertaincancers,butfurtherstudiesareneededfor
definiteanswers.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleisbeneficialtomyresearchbecauseittalksaboutfattyacidswithanticarcinogenicpropertieswhich
canslowthegrowthofcancercellsandhelpfightoffcancer,andtheseanticarcinogensmayalsoprevent
cancer.Itbrieflymentionsothersourcesthatmayhavevaluableanticancerproperties.Thepaperalsogaveme
accesstoasourcewithanauthorwhichIcouldcontacttorequestanintervieworsomeonewhocouldgiveme
moredetailedinformationandexplainwhattheresearchisabout.

Park,A.(2007,July11).Whentomatoesfightcancer.RetrievedSeptember17,2015,from
Time
website:http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1642152,00.html

Summary:
Thearticleonthis
website
isabouttheantioxidantsthatarefoundintomatoeswhichmaycontainanticancer
properties.Oneofthenutrientsfoundintomatoes,lycopene,canhelptoshrinktumoursandkilltumourcells
thatleadtoprostatecancerinsteadofdestroyingtheactualcancercells.Thoughthelycopeneantioxidantin
tomatoesisnoteffectiveatdirectlykillcancercells,thetumoursitkillscansavethelivesofmanypeople,
especiallymenwhohaveprostatetumourswhichhavenotyetdevelopedintoacancer.Thevaryingantioxidants
intomatoesprovidemanyotherhealthbenefitsforbothmenandwomenaswell.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisrelatestomyresearchasyetagain,thenutrientsfoundintomatoes,specificallylycopene,canhelpshrink
tumoursbeforetheydevelopintocancer.Havingmoreresearchonthisformofcancertreatmentgivesmea
betterideaofwhatkindofspecifictopicsIcanbranchoffandfocuson.Thetwoarticlesfromthisweek
focusedonhowcertaincomponentsofeverydayfoods,liketomatoesinthisarticle,couldpreventcancerfrom
developingbystoppingtumoursfromspreading.Thisarticledidn'thavethatmuchdetailedinformation,though,
soabettersourcewithmoreindepthinformationwouldbemorebeneficialtomyresearch.

Pistollato,F.,Giampieri,F.,&Battino,M.(2014,November13).Theuseofplantderivedbioactive
compoundstotargetcancerstemcellsandmodulatetumormicroenvironment.RetrievedOctober22,
2015,fromScienceDirectwebsite:http://ac.elscdn.com/S027869
1514004621/1s2.0S0278691514004621main.pdf?_tid=17c3533e793311e5ae6100000aab0f
26&acdnat=1445569785_5aafcaa418a291ae0b22f017d8f92129

Summary:
This online research paper is about howdifferentnaturalcompoundshavepropertiesandcomponentsthatcan
help hinder the growth of cancer and tumors. Extracts were taken from different plants and tested to see their
efficiency in preventing or destroying cancer. Some examples are soy foods, turmeric, broccoli (and broccoli
sprouts), greentea,redgrapesandberries,tomatoes,andpeppers.Thearticlealsoincludesdiagramsoftumors
and how they were affected to demonstrate the different ways in which they werechangedandtogiveavisual
aidtohelpthereaderbetterunderstandthecontent.

ApplicationtoResearch:
This article is helpful because ittalksaboutavarietyofdifferentplantsthatcontainanticancerpropertiesinstead
of just focusingonone,givingmeamuchwiderscopeofthetopic.Manyoftheplantsandvegetablesexplained
in this paper corroborate evidence found in previous articles,withtheexceptionoftomatoes,whichthoughhad
many other health benefits, was not very effective at preventing cancer. This article said differently, showing
tomatoes to be a plant which did have anticancerous properties. It also compares the effects to both cancer
andnoncancercellsastoshowhowtheyareaffecteddifferently.

Razis,A.F.A.,&Noor,N.M.(2013).Cruciferousvegetables:Dietaryphytochemicalsforcancerprevention.
RetrievedDecember16,2015,from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmad_Faizal_Abdull_Razis/publication/
236913780_Cruciferous_vegetables_dietary_phytochemicals_for_cancer_prevention/
links/53ed61040cf23733e80aced5.pdf

Summary:
Thisresearchstudyfound
online
diagramsthemolecularstructureofaglucosinolateandtheprocessitgoes
throughtocreateanisothiocyanate.Theisothiocyanatesarecreatedaftertheglucosinolategoesthroughthe
processofhydrolysis.Thearticlereferstothevarioustypesofglucosinolatessuchasglucoraphaninwhichis
foundinbroccoli,glucoerucinwhichisfoundinrocketsalads,andglucoraphasatinwhichisfoundinradish.
Dependingonthestructureandformoftheglucosinolate,itseffectsmayvary.Glucosinolatesthatareintact
wouldnotbeabletopreventcanceraseffectively,andtheywouldnotbeabletogothroughtheprocessto
createisothiocyanateswhichisavitalpartoftheprocedureforpreventingcancerthroughtheuseofthese
anticarcinogens.

ApplicationtoResearch:
ThisresearchpaperappliestomyownresearchbecauseIgainadditionalinformationonglucosinolatesand
theirprocesses.Thiswillallowmetogomoreindepthaboutthistypeofanticarcinogeninmyresearchpaper
andgainabetterunderstandtheconcept.

Renee,J.(2014,February9).Whichfoodsarehighinindoles?RetrievedJanuary5,2016from
Livestrongwebsite:http://www.livestrong.com/article/549673whatfoodsarehighinindoles/

Summary:
This
website
explainsthebenefitsoffoodswithahighconcentrationofindolesonpreventingcancer.
Specificallyknownasindole3carbinol,theseanticarcinogenscanbefoundinavarietyofvegetablesincluding
Brusselssprouts,broccoli,bokchoy,cabbage,andturnips,aswellasotherfruitsandgrains.Cancercellsare
abletoovertakethebodybecausetheyavoidaprocessknownasapoptosis,whichpreventsthedangerous


cellsfrombeingkilled.Eatinglargeamountsofthesevegetablesandfoodswhichcontaintheseindolesreduces
theprobabilityofdevelopingcancerasitallowsapoptosistooccurnormallyinthecells.Thoughthe
consumptionofthesefoodsisverybeneficialinthisaspect,itcanaffectthetheoperationofthethyroid,soit
mayposeadangertopeoplewhohaveathyroiddisorder.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleappliestomyresearchasitisaboutaspecifictypeofsubstancefoundinfoodsthatcanhelp
decreasetheriskofcancer,orevenhelphinderthegrowthanddevelopmentofcancer.Theconsumptionof
thesefoodsisbeneficialforthebodyandshowsthatanticancerfoodscanpreventcancerbeforeithasthe
chancetodevelop.

Royston,K.J.,&Tollefsbol,T.O.(2015,January25).Theepigeneticimpactofcruciferous
vegetablesoncancerprevention.RetrievedNovember11,2015,from
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/508art%253A10.1007%252Fs4049501400039.pdf?origin
Url=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs4049501400039&token2=e
xp=1447302882~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F508%2Fart%25253A10.1007%25252Fs404950140
0039.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.1007
%252Fs4049501400039*~hmac=dbb59ca1538153027b202b97b003a9dd33ed69b6b773206afe
55633be51bb6dd

Summary:
Thisresearchstudyfound
online
isabouthowtheanticarcinogensfoundincruciferousvegetablesareusedto
preventcancer.Ithasatablewithdatathatcomparescommoncruciferousvegetables,whoseeffectivenesswas
measuredbytheamountofglucosinolatesfoundineachofthelistedvegetables,whichcontainanticarcinogens.
Theglucosinolatescausethebodytoproducemorecompoundslikeisothiocyanateswhicharebeneficialtothe
processofpreventingcancer.Thearticlealsowentintodetailaboutgeneexpressionandhowoverexpression
wasdetrimentalandcouldcausecancer,andhowthecruciferousvegetablespreventthisfromoccurring.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleisbeneficialformyresearchsinceitgivesmemoreinformationonacertaintypeoffoodrichin
anticarcinogensandcommonlyassociatedwithcancerpreventiondiets.Ifoundinformationaboutglucosinolates
andisothiocyanateswhichIcoulddomoreresearchontonarrowdownmyinformationandgetmoredetails.

Singh,M.,Suman,S.,&Shukla,Y.(2014,March17).Newenlightenmentofskincancer
chemopreventionthroughphytochemicals:Invitroandinvivostudiesandtheunderlyingmechanisms.
RetrievedNovember23,2015,fromhttp://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/243452/

Summary:
This
online
reviewarticleisabouthowphytochemicalsthathaveanticarcinogenicorantioxidantpropertiescan
beusedtopreventskincancer.Thisarticlegoesindepthaboutmanydifferentfoodsthatwouldbebeneficialto
thedemiseofskincancer,includinggrapes,tea,pomegranate,andmanyothercomponentscommonlyfoundin
severalfruitsandvegetables.Thewebsitealsobrieflymentionshowthesenaturalcomponentscanbeusedin
sunscreensorotherskincareproductsattheend.Thoughthedigestionsofthesefoodsisalsobeneficialtothe
skinthroughdifferentpathwaysandprocesses,foracancerofthiskind,othermethodsofusingthese
anticarcinogensmayhelppreventcancer.Thestudyalsogoesthroughmanyprocessesinwhichskincanceris


occurred,andsomeoftheirmaincauses,suchasUVradiationandexposuretochemicals.Theinformation
givenissupportedbydata,anddiagramsareshowntoillustratecertainprocessesorthechemicalcomposition
ofcertainfoodsintheirabilitytopreventcancer.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Theinformationgiveninthisarticleisbeneficialtomyresearchbecauseitalsogivesmemoreinformationon
howcancerisactuallycausedinsteadofonlyhowtheanticarcinogenspreventthecancer.Sincethisresearch
paperisalsospecificallyaboutskincancer,ithasmaterialdiscussingalternatewaysofusingtheanticarcinogenic
phytochemicalsasopposedtoamajorityoftheotherarticleswhichfocusedsolelyondigestion.

Stevenson,H.(2012).Themodernenvironmentcausescancer.In
Cancer
.Retrievedfrom
http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?failOverType=&quer
y=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&displayquery=&mode=view&display
GroupName=Viewpoints&dviSelectedPage=&limiter=&u=hcpub_hebron&currPage=&source=&disa
bleHighlighting=&displayGroups=&sortBy=&zid=&search_within_results=&p=OVIC&action=e&catI
d=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010823203(Originalworkpublished
2012)

Summary:
This
online
articletalksabouthowdifferentfactorsinourmodernsocietycausecancer,andarguesthisby
sayingthatcancerdidnotpreviouslyexistintheancientworld,soitcannotbegenetic.Theauthorexplainshow
tumorswerenotfoundinEgyptianmummieswhichwouldhavebeenpreservedthroughthemummification
process,proofthatcancerdidnotpreviouslyexist,soitmustbecausedbyourenvironmenttoday.Theauthor
believesthatsincecancerisnotcausedbygeneticsbutratherourmodernworld,findingacureforcanceris
ignorantanduselesswhenpeopleshouldberealizingthattheworldtheyarelivinginistheactualissueand
causeofcancer.Shetalksabout
howpeopleareillusionedtofindingacureforcancerwhentherealproblemis
ourenvironment,andbyfixingtheenvironment,wecanpreventcancerinsteadoffindingacureforit.

ApplicationtoResearch:
ThisarticleishelpfulformyresearchbecauseittalksaboutdifferentpossiblecausesofcancerwhichIcould
lookintoasImightfindmoreinformationonhowtopreventcancer.Thisarticlealsocontainsbiasinitthough
andisverystronglyopinionated,soitisimportanttofinddifferentsourcestochecktheaccuracyofthe
informationpresented,assomeinformationmightbetoocoloredbytheauthorsopinion.

Szalay,J.(2015,October20).Whatareflavonoids?RetrievedJanuary5,2016,fromLive
Sciencewebsite:http://livescience.com/52524flavonoids.html

Summary:
This
website
isaboutflavonoidsanditsvarioususes,includingcancerprevention.Flavonoidsarefoundin
almostallfruitsandvegetables,as
[f]lavonoidsarethelargestgroupofphytonutrients,withmorethan6,000
types.Themaincategoriesofflavonoidsareanthocyanidins,flavanols,flavones,flavonols,flavononesand
isoflavones.Studiesandtestsontheeffectivenessofflavonoidsonpreventingcancerhasshownvariedresults.
Onanimals,theflavonoidswereshowntobeeffectiveforcancerssuchaslung,colon,stomach,breast,mouth,
andskin,buttheflavonoidsdidnotseemaseffectiveonhumans.Forhumans,theflavonoidshelpedthemost
withbreastandgastriccancer.Thoughflavonoidsareastrongantioxidant,onlyasmallpercentageofitgets
absorbedintothebloodstream,sothebodydoesnotbenefitasmuchfromit.Flavonoidscanbeconsumed


throughavarietyoffruitsandvegetablesaswellassupplements,butconsumingthemnaturallyismorebeneficial
assupplementstendtohavesideeffects.Whenconsumingfruitsandvegetableswithhighconcentrationsof
flavonoids,itisbettertoeatthemintheirrawform,sincewhentheyarecookedorboiledtheylosealotoftheir
nutrients.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticlebenefitsmyresearchbecauseitgivesdetailedinformationaboutflavonoidswhichisoneofmymain
subtopicsformypaper.Ittalksaboutthemainsubcategoriesofflavonoidsandincludesitsspecificeffectsand
usages.

Wang,T.,Li,C.,Liu,Y.,Li,T.,Zhang,J.,&Sun,Y.(2015,March6).Inhibitioneffectsof
ChinesecabbagepowderonaflatoxinB1inducedlivercancer.RetrievedOctober22,2015,from
ScienceDirectWebsite:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
S0308814615003416

Summary:
This online article is about how Chinese cabbage powder affects liver cancer which is caused by a certain
toxin. The research found that this cabbage powder targeted the toxin which was found inside the liver and
significantly reduced it, preventing a tumor from growing there and leading to cancer of the liver. The Chinese
cabbage powder is an extractthatwastestedonitsanticancereffectivenessusingamodeloflivercancerusing
this certain toxin, representingthecapabilitytofightagainstcancersfoundinthedigestivesystem.Thedatafrom
these series ofexperimentswererepresentedindatatablesandgraphsseenthroughoutthecourseofthearticle.
The results of the experiment exhibited 11 componentsintheChinesecabbagepowderwhichcouldbeusedto
forestallcancerorefficientlyeliminatesuchmalignancies.

ApplicationtoResearch:
This article is beneficial to my research because it shows how elements of certain foods and natural products
can prevent cancer even after certain anticarcinogens or toxinshavebeenintroducedtothebody,andthatthey
can effectively be used against the anticarcinogenstopreventcertaincancersortumorsfromdeveloping.Italso
showshowfoodssuchastheseoftenfoundinAsianculturesmaybecorrelatedtolowercancerrates.

Watson,G.W.,Beaver,L.M.,Williams,D.E.,Dashwood,R.H.,&Ho,E.(2013,June26).Phytochemicals
fromcruciferousvegetables,epigenetics,andprostatecancerprevention.RetrievedDecember10,
2015,fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3787240/

Summary:
Thisresearchstudyfound
online
isabouthowtheconsumptionofgreateramountsofcruciferousvegetables
canhelppreventcancer,withspecificfocusonprostatecancer.Changingthedietsofpeoplewillhelpprevent
cancersothatultimatelylessandlesspeoplewillbediagnosedwithiteveryday.Asiancountrieswhosefoods
generallyhavemoreanticarcinogenicpropertiesinthemseemlesssusceptibletocancer,withmuchlowerrates
ofcancerdiagnoses.Thearticleexplainshowglucosinolatesfoundincommoncruciferousvegetableslike
broccoliaffectthebodybeforeandaftercancer.Sulforaphaneisoneofthetypeofglucosinolatescommonly
found,andfromevidence,seemstobeabletoreachtheprostateinordertopreventcancerthere.Elementslike
sulforaphanehavetheabilitytoaffectcellgrowthandthecellcyclecansignificantlydecreasetheriskofcancer,
especiallycancerslikeprostatecancer.


ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisresearchpaperappliestomyownresearchbecauseithelpsexplainspecificglucosinolatesandthe
processeswhichitgoesthrough,aswellashowitpreventscancerorkillscancercellstodestroycancer.The
articleallowsmetogainmoreknowledgeontheeffectofspecifickindsofglucosinolatesoftenfoundin
cruciferousvegetablesontheirabilitytoeffectivelyandefficientlypreventcancerorcarcinogenicsubstancesin
thebody.

Wu,X.,Zhou,Q.H.,&Xu,K.(2009).Areisothiocyanatespotentialanticancerdrugs?
Acta
PharmacologicaSinica
,501512.Retrievedfromhttp://www.nature.com/aps/journal/
v30/n5/full/aps200950a.html

Summary:
This
online
journalarticleexplainswhat
isothiocyanatesareandhowtheyarefoundincruciferousvegetables
andcontainanticarcinogenicproperties.Isothiocyanatesareeffectiveatdecreasingtheriskofcancerbecause
theycanlessenandweakencarcinogens,aswellashelpeliminateordestroymalignanttumorsinseveral
differentways.Someofthesemethodsaffectthetumorcellsthroughapoptosisoralteringthecellcycle.The
journalusesgraphs,tables,andchartsthroughouttocorroborateclaims,providevisualaids,depictprocesses,
ordisplaydata.Thisincludedatablelistingcommoncruciferousvegetablescontainingisothiocyanatesandtheir
scientificnames,adiagramdepictingtheprocessofhydrolysisfor
glucosinolatesinwhich
isothiocyanatesform,
adatatableontheeffectcertainisothiocyanateshadontumors,etc.Manyofthediagramswereessentialinthe
explanationofhowtheisothiocyanatesworked,whetheritwasabouthowtheywereformedincruciferous
vegetablesorhowtheyblockedanticarcinogensanderadicatedtumors.

ApplicationtoResearch:
Thisarticleishelpfulbecauseitgivesmemoreinformationabout
isothiocyanatesand
glucosinolates
whichIhad
readaboutinapreviousresearchpaperabouttheeffectcruciferousvegetableshadonpreventingcancer.The
elaborationofthesecompoundsallowsmetobetterunderstandthetopicandgetawiderscopeofthe
anticarcinogeniccategoryofcruciferousvegetables.