Learning Disability

Etiology
Primary organic problem with metabolism or nervous function
Cultural Deprivation
Organic Causesprenatal, chromosomal, maternal age, radiation
Genetic Metabolic DisordersHurler, Tay-Sachs, G-6-PD,
Phenylketonuria, Mitochondrial
Genetic Neurologic DisordersHydrocephaly, Spinal Bifida
Endocrine Disorder
Perinatal Complicationsprematurity, prenatal anoxia
Postnataltraumatic brain injury, encephalitis, meningitis,
Alzheimers disease, Poisons
SS
MR not a disease entity
Associated with physical, psychological epilepsy, CP, Orofacial
deformities and emotional problems
Classification
Borderline MR (IQ 68-73)
90 % Borderline and Mild
Clinical Features
Usually 50-75
Visual Defects
Hearing Speech Behavioral
Facial deformities or cardiac defects
Cognitive: Memory, thinking, language
Psychiatric
Hyperkinesis
Stereotypes movements Body rocking
Feeding difficulties
Pica ingestion of inedible substances
General Management
Usually below 50 have problems
Complications
Overindulgence
Infections
Prolonged medications
Major Oral Findings
Macro - glossia
High Vaulted Palate
Clenching and Bruxism
P- Perio +
C Morphological Anomalies
O Altered Eruption and Malocclusion

 F Drooling
A Malocclusion
Dental Management
Informed Consent
CHX 0.12 % 0.06 % 2/day
Impression taking
Viscous composition or putty type material
Sectional impressions ?
Prosthesis CI with severe epilepsy
Specific Types of Learning Disability
Dyslexia - language
Delay in speaking, learning, phomes, spelling, processing
understanding
Dysgraphia writing
Dyscalculia - Math
Math process
Math Concepts
Sense of direction
Sequence and rules
Dyspraxia (apraxia) motor
Ideomotor dyspraxia - single
Ideational dyspraxia multiple tasking
Dressing
Oromotor
Constructional spatial relation
Autism
Behavioral
Social Relationship
Exploration of environment
Asperger
Auditory discrimination
Visual Perception
ADHD