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Bridge & Steel Structures Engineering Department, Hitachi Zosen Steel Structures Corporation,
1-5-1 Chikkoshinmachi, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
b
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
ABSTRACT: The authors developed a gust generator. The effects of gusty wind to structural
models were investigated. In this paper, active gust generation techniques and its advantages are
summarized and one of the experimental studies for bluff body aerodynamic problems using the
advantages is presented. The experimental study includes the estimations of aerodynamic
admittance functions and indicial response functions of bluff bodies. And flutter derivatives in
turbulent flows of bluff bodies are extracted.
KEYWORDS: Active gust generator, Aerodynamic admittance function, Bluff body
aerodynamics, Flutter derivatives, Turbulence
1 INTRODUCTION
For an accurate estimation of aerodynamic responses in natural wind, it may be more reasonable
to measure aerodynamic properties (Ex. static and dynamic aerodynamic forces, flutter
derivatives etc.) in a turbulent flow similar to natural wind. We have developed an active gust
generator to simulate turbulent flow similar to natural wind for two-dimensional wind tunnel
testing [1]. Experimental studies of bluff body aerodynamics have been carried out using the
generation devices. In this paper, active gust generation techniques and its advantages are
summarized and one of the experimental studies is introduced.
2 ACTIVE GUST GENERATION
2.1 Active simulating procedure of wind gust
Fig.1 shows an outline of the active gust generator. The active gust generator consists of arrays
of plates and airfoils, which play role on horizontal and vertical wind gusts.
Time history of a wind gust with target power spectra and phase angles is simulated by
simulation using Fast Fourier Transformation. Also, time history may be obtained from direct
scaling of the observed wind velocity at a bridge construction site.
The simulated time history is transformed into the voltage data to drive AC servomotor.
The servomotor drives plates or airfoils. The motion of the plates or airfoils gives time varying
wind velocity. At the first try, the generated wind velocity doesnt agree well with the target ones.
Considering to the differences in power spectra and phase angles between the target and the
measured wind velocity, the target power spectra and phase angles are modified. Modified time
history is calculated from the modified power spectra and phase angles. The modified time
history is also transformed into the voltage data for the second process of simulation. The above
process is repeated several times until the measured power spectra and phase angles get close to
the target ones. Of course, turbulence intensity and turbulence length scale also agree with the
853
target ones.
Opening
Array of
plates
Grid
A
Mesh
Mesh
B
of airfoils
Array
bar
Rectangular
C
Mesh
50
260 1
60
1190
Section model
forv
ertical
win
d
gust
70
for horiz
ontal w
indgus
t
1 70
200
600
200
Wind
Control signal
Microcomputer
(Control and measurement)
Fig.1 Outline of active gust generation in an Eiffel type wind tunnel of Ritsumeikan University
Fig.2 Target and measured time history of horizontal and vertical wind velocity
854
100fB/U101
3
2
1
0
-1
-2 -4
10
100fB/U101
3
2
1
0
-1
-2 -4
10
10-1
10-2
10-3 -4
10
Measured
Sears function
10-3
10-2
10-1
101
B/D=7.5
|XM|2
100
10-1
Measured
Sears function
10-2
10-3 -4
10
10-3
10-2
10-1
2
1
0
10-3
10-2
10-1
100fB/U101
10-2
10-1
10
Measured
Kussner's function
100fB/U101
10
15
2UtB
855
15
2UtB
10-3
Real (Measured)
Imagunary (Measured)
Real (Sears function)
Imaginary (Sears function)
M()
|XM|2
NACA0012
Real (Measured)
Imagunary (Measured)
Real (Sears function)
Imaginary (Sears function)
Complex Admittance
XM,R , XM,I
101
10
Complex admittance
M()
Aerodynamic admittance
Complex Admittance
XM,R , XM,I
Section
B/D=6
15
Smooth Flow
Turbulent Flow
10
B/D=7.5
Smooth Flow
Turbulent Flow
2 *
-5
B/D=10
-10
5
10
15
20
0
-5
25
-10
30
10
15
20
25
30
4 CONCLUSIONS
The gust generator can repeatedly produce accurate time history. This feature is main advantage
of this gust generator. This advantage was effectively used in the experimental estimations of
aerodynamic admittance functions and experimental extractions of flutter derivatives in turbulent
flows.
5 REFERENCE
1 Kobayashi, H., Hatanaka, A. and Ueda, T., Active simulation of time histories of strong wind gust in a wind
tunnel, J. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 53 (1992), 315-330.
2 Kobayashi,H., Kawatani,M. and Nakade,O., Vortex-Induced Oscillation of Two Dimensional Rectangular
Cylinders in Large Scale Turbulence, J. of Wind Engineering, 37 (1988), 19-24.
3 Hatanaka, A. and Tanaka, H., New Estimation Method of Aerodynamic Admittance Function, J. of Wind
Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 90(2002), 2073-2086.
4 Hatanaka,A. and Tanaka, H., Aerodynamic Admittance Functions of Rectangular Cylinders, Proc. 5th
International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications, Ottawa, 2004., pp.173-176
5 Kobayashi,H., Hatanaka,A. and Okumura, M., Measurement of aeroelastic response function in actively
simulated wind gusts, Proc. 4th International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications, Bochum,
2000.
6 Hatanaka,A. and Tanaka, H., Effects of upstream gusting on flutter derivatives of bluff bodies, Proc. 6th
Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Seoul, 2005., pp.491-506
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