YOUR TRUSTED PARTNER FOR SUSTAINABLE SHIP DESIGN

Magnus Wikander
FKAB Marine Design

Will LNG change the way ships are bunkering?

LNG fuel for shipping

Introduction
- Objective; to create discussion
- Very short about FKAB
- Fuel properties, comparison
- LNG bunkering today
- Design of LNG fuelled ship, location of LNG
bunker station. From LNG bunkering point of view
- Design of LNG bunker vessel
- If there is time: Ship to ship bunkering scenario

Sweden Offices
35 Naval Architects and
Marine Engineers

UDDEVALLA
GOTHENBURG

SHANGHAI

China Office
33 Naval Architects and
Marine Engineers

FKAB Marine Design

We have been delivering great ship designs and marine engineering since 1961

FKAB Marine Design

We have been delivering great ship designs and marine engineering since 1961

FKAB Marine Design

We have been delivering great ship designs and marine engineering since 1961

Will LNG change the way ships are bunkering?

Safety

Environment

Operation

To start with! some fuel properties

Fuel oil (HFO)

LNG

Temp. bunkering liquid

>60

-162 (cryogenic)

On your hands

Can be carcinogenic

Causes frost bites

Spill on deck

Slippery

Will cause brittle fracture to

ship steel

Leakage into sea

We all know what happened in

the Gulf of Mexico last year

LNG will almost immediately

evaporate into the atmosphere
as methane gas

Emissions to air

Hydrocarbon VOC (volatile

organic compound)

Methane gas will contribute

~25 times more to the global
warming compared to carbon
dioxide (CO2)

Fire & Explosion risk

Flash point above 60

Methane gas is flammable in 515% mixture with air, explosive

clouds can occur

LNG bunkering today

Truck to ship

pictures: Cryo & GASNOR

LNG bunkering today

Onshore terminal to ship

pictures: GASNOR

Bunkering of larger ships today

HFO/MDO/MGO Bunkering Ship to Ship

We believe that LNG bunkering will

be performed in a similar way

Design of LNG fuelled ships

LNG is cold
- reduce exposure of pipes and couplings
- strive to eliminate risk for damage or
injury if there is a small leakage
LNG is harmful
- reduce length of bunkering lines to
minimize air emissions
- ensure very good ventilation to reduce
risk of fire & explosion
LNG require more volume
- To get the same energy content, twice
the amount is needed
- Higher transfer flows?
- Larger or more bunker hoses?

SAFETY is key to success

Design of LNG fuelled ships Ecore, Very Large Ore Carrier

LNG tanks on each
side of Cargo hold

Reduce exposure
of pipes, short
bunker lines

Bunker station
in side of hull

LNG tank
Tanks just below
IMO Type C
main deck and in
front of the machine
room, will facilitate
easy ventilation

Design of LNG fuelled ships Product & Chemical tanker

Ventilation is very good on
open deck
LNG tanks

Gas fuel lines

On open deck

LNG Bunker
station

Stainless Steel
Spill tray

In case of
LNG leakage

Close to tanks to
reduce bunker line
lengths

Design of LNG fuelled ships 8000 dwt, Geared Bulk Carrier

On open deck, close
LNG Bunker to both tanks and
station
machinery room

On open deck
Very good
LNG tanks
ventilation

Short bunker Reduces air

emissions &
lines
increases safety

Design of LNG fuelled ships 6800 dwt, General Cargo Carrier

Below poop
deck, easy
LNG tanks
Ventilation

LNG Bunker
station

On open deck,
ensures proper
ventilation and short
LNG piping

Design of LNG fuelled ships LNG bunker station

Ventilation
Drip free Quick
Connect coupling

LNG Bunker
station

Close to tanks to
reduced bunker line
length

Minimal LNG
leakage at all
times
Break Away
coupling

Optimized for both

LNG & Fuel oils
Bunkered at the
same time

Separate LNG
Spill tray
Stainless steel with
Overboard drain

SAFETY is key to success

Design of LNG bunker vessel FKAB L1

IMO Type C
Safety &
LNG tanks
Pressure
resistance
without air
emissions

IMO IGC
classed vessel

LNG Pumps, Redundant system, 2

deep well or pumps in each tank
submerged

LNG & Fuel oils

Transfer of gas & fuel
oils at same time

No air emissions
during bunkering
operation
Venting of hoses &
cargo lines after unmooring and when
in safe area

Flow meter &

Quality measure
system
Quality system & Flow
meter with receipt (Gas
chromatograph)

Design of LNG bunker vessel LNG hose handling

Reduce risks of
leakage Less wear & tear
on hoses

LNG Hose crane

Automatic closing
Quick Connect /
eliminates drip &
Release coupling
air emissions

Fast & Safe

handling of many
hoses

Design of LNG bunker vessel bunkering area

Safe emergency
shut down
ESD - system

Both LNG &

Marine Fuel oils

Taking care of hoses

is most vital in risk
elimination
Secure hose storage

Hose parking
Liquid & gas return
for LNG &
to limit air emission
Vapour return

Large spill tray

Stainless steel
Under complete hose
handling area, water
curtain is optional

Design of LNG bunker vessel FKAB L1

FKAB L1 series

700 - 1900m3 LNG,

500-1000m3 FO
LNG fuel propulsion, optional

Bunkering scenario
Bunkering during loading &
unloading Fast & Safe operation
is required
Very short time in port

Sensitive cargo

LNG & Fuel oils

Passengers

Most often the

receiving vessel
requires both fuels

Ports are often close

to urban areas
Port location

Dangerous cargo
Trucks & Cars are
possible ignition
sources

LNG BUNKERING TIMELINE

TOTAL AVAILABLE BUNKER TIME
50 Min.

BEFORE BUNKERING

DURING BUNKERING

AFTER BUNKERING

15 Min.

25 Min.

10 Min.

EVENT
CALL
ARRIVAL
MOORING
CHECKLIST TO RECEIVING SHIP
CONNNECTION LINK / EARTHING
CONNECTION HOSE
RETURN OF SIGNED CHECKLIST
OPEN MANUAL VALVES
READY SIGNAL BOTH SHIPS
PUMP START SEQUENCE
TRANSFER SEQUENCE
PUMP STOP SEQUENCE
PURGING OF CARGO LINES (BOTH SHIPS)
SHUT MANUAL + REMOTE CONTROLLED VALVES
DISCONNECTION HOSES
INERTING OF CARGO LINES (RECEIVING SHIP)
DISCONNECTION LINK / EARTHING
DELIVERY CARGO DOCUMENT
UN-MOORING
DEPARTURE
INERTING OF CARGO LINES (BUNKER SHIP)

Available bunker time - 50

minutes, for this RoPax

Transfer rate = 320 m3/h at 5 m/s

24 min = 130 m3 = 65 tonnes

Transfer Rate = 320 m3/h at

5 m/s

Thank you for listening!

Magnus Wikander
FKAB Marine Design
magnus.wikander@fkab.se

www.fkab.com