Balogbog vs.

CA
GR No. 83598, March 7, 1997
FACTS:
Ramonito and Generoso Balogbog filed an action for partition and accounting against their Aunt
Leoncia and Uncle Gaudioso for partition and accounting of their grandparents estate at the Court of First
Instance of Cebu City which was granted by the latter. Leoncia and Gaudioso appealed to the Court of Appeals
but the latter affirmed the lower courts decision.
Basilio Balogbog and Genoveva Arnibal died intestate in 1951 and 1961 respectively. They have three
children, Leoncia, Gaudioso and Gavino, their older brother who died in 1935. Ramoncito and Generoso was
claiming that they were the legitimate children of Gavino by Catalina Ubas and that, as such they were entitled
to the one-third share in the estate of their grandparents. However, Leoncia and Gaudioso claimed they are not
aware that their brother has 2 sons and that he was married. They started to question the validity of the
marriage between their brother Gavino and Catalina despite how Gaudioso himself admitted during a police
investigation proceeding that indeed Ramonito is his nephew as the latter is the son of his elder brother Gavino.
In the efforts of Ramoncito and Generoso to prove the validity of their parents marriage, they presented
Priscilo Trazo, 81 years old then mayor of Asturias from 1928 to 1934 and Matias Pogoy who both testified that
he knew Gavino and Catalina to be husband and wife and that they have three children. Catalina herself testified
that she was handed a receipt presumably the marriage certificate by Fr. Jomao-as but it was burned during
the war.
On the other hand,Leoncia claimed that her brother Gavino died single at the family residence in
Asturias. She obtained a certificate from the local Civil Registrar of Asturias to the effect that the office did not
have a record of the names of Gavino and Catalina which was prepared by Assistant Municipal Treasurer Juan
Maranga who testified in the hearing as well.
Leoncia and Gaudioso contended that the marriage of Gavino and Catalina should have been proven in
accordance with Arts. 53 and 54 of the Civil Code of 1889 because this was the law in force at the time of the
alleged marriage was celebrated.
Art. 53 provides that marriages celebrated under the Civil Code of 1889 should be proven only by a
certified copy of the memorandum in the Civil Registry, unless the books thereof have not been kept or have
been lost, or unless they are questioned in the courts, in which case any other proof, such as that of the
continuous possession by parents of the status of husband and wife, may be considered, provided that the
registration of the birth of their children as their legitimate children is also submitted in evidence.
ISSUE:
Whether or not Gavino and Catalinas marriage is valid.
HELD:
Supreme Court affirmed the decisions of the trial court and Court of Appeals in rendering Gavino and
Catalinas marriage as valid and thus entitle Ramonito and Generoso one third of their grandparents estate.
The court further states that Arts. 42 to 107 of the Civil Code of 889 of Spain did not take effect, having
been suspended by the Governor General of the Philippines shortly after the extension of that code of this
country. Therefore, Arts. 53 and 54 never came into force. Since this case was brought in the lower court in
1968, the existence of the marriage must be determined in accordance with the present Civil Code, which
repealed the provisions of the former Civil Code, except as they related to vested rights, and the rules of

evidence. Under the Rules of Court, the presumption is that a man and a woman conducting themselves as
husband and wife are legally married.

Albeit, a marriage contract is considered primary evidence of marriage, failure to present it would not
mean that marriage did not take place. Other evidence may be presented where in this case evidence consisting
of the testimonies of witnesses was held competent to prove the marriage of Gavino and Catalina in 1929, that
they have three children, one of whom, Petronilo, died at the age of six and that they are recognized by
Gavinos family and by the public as the legitimate children of Gavino.