:

33/2012

2016


1......................................................................................................................... 3
2. ....................................................................................4
2.1 .............................................................................4
2.2 ........................................................................4
2.3 - () .......................................5
2.4 .....................................................................6
3. ..........................................................................7
3.1 ("heat tints")...................................................9
3.2 .......................10
3.3 ..................11
3.4 - ()
.................................................................................................................. 11
3.5 ...............12
4. .........................................................14
4.1 .................................................................................................................. 14
4.2 .................................................................................................................. 15
4.3 ................................................................................................................. 17
5............................................................................................................... 20
6. ......................................................................................................... 21

1.
(. stainless steel)


.
10,5% (Cr) [1].

,
(, , ,)
( ).
: Staybrite steel, Allegheny metal
i Nirosta steel

(HRN, DIN, AISI),

AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute).

 1 . Geberit Mapress

2.

:
1.
2.
3.
4.

,
,
- ()

2.1
12 17% Cr < 0,1% C
(., Mo, Si, Al, Ti ili Nb) [6].
,
(, ) .


. ( )
:

,
,

900 ( 1150 ) [8],

"
475"

350-520 ,
(520-850 ),
,
( ),
(3)
(. ),

,

,
,

2.2
,
, ,
.

( <0.15 %)

Cr23C6 ( ) ,

( > 18% )
,
( > 8% ) ,
( ) ,

- , , /

5-10 %
,

( 0,2-0,4 %)

() 30400
( 304) 18/8.
18% Cr 8.5% Ni, . C, N, Mn i Si.

2.3 - ()

-
40 - 60% .
,
( )
- ()

)
6

,

,
,
236 ( ,
),
- ,

250-350

" 475"
(
),

2.4
, ,
(0,20-1,0%), 13% ( 18%).
1,3% 2,5% [11].

.


( ). % %

( ) (
).
:

,
,

,
, ,

,
.
7

3.


. ,


. Schaeffler-ov [ 2]

.

Cr-ekvivalenta (Crekv)
(- )
Ni-ekvivalenta (Niekv)

(- )
Crekv = %Cr + %Mo + 1,5 %Si + 0,5 %Nb
Niekv = %Ni + 30 %C + 0,5 %Mn

2. Schaeffler-ov DeLongom i M. C. T.
Bystramom

[ [29]

 Schaeffler-

.

1.
500-900
-
2. 1250

( )
3. - - ,

( 400 )
4.

1100

(-).


[ 3]
,
(),
[30]

10

50% ,

3
,

4 ,

,

.

3.

3.1 ("heat tints")

.
(Cr, Ni, Fe,...)

,
.
Cr.
.
.
, Cr.
11

 ,
[31].
.
, ,
. .
( )
,

,
, [32]

,
,

3.2

[8]:
-

.
,
, ,
1150 .
,

200C
Cr C
(00:25%), .
.
12

 750-850 C

.

13

3.3

[8]:

(
- ),
,
.

(
), :

!!
, . . 100
C
(.
,
2,5 )

.

425-850 C ( 650 )
,
[32].
""
1050 - 1100 ,
850-450 C
-.
.

,

,
,

14

3.4 -
()
- ()
[8]:
,
.


, ""
[8, 9]

, .
, ,
( 80 )
,
.
.
,
!

3.5

:

()
(),
.
Cr
[ 4] [33]:

1
( ), .

. s + 50 C (

15

).

(
)

(
).

,
.

Mf
(martenzit finish)
), . f - 20 C, 1 - 2

.
4. 1

.

16

 4. Cr

17

4.

:
1. ()
2. ()
3. () ()

4.1
(: ),
(.
- )
(. -)

,
(C2)[ 5].

5 .

18


,
.

(), 18
26,

(),

( 40 50 [] = ),

(),

( ),
,
1,5 2,5 / ,

60,
0,75-0,85,
- 1,5 2 /
.

200 250 C 3.
.

4.2
(engl. Tungsten Inert Gas)

engl. Gas Tungsten Arc Welding GTAW

,
[ 6].

19

 6 .

,
(
0,3 do 0,8kg/h)
()
(-) [ 7].

7.

20

 12 20
. 100% .
3 ""
.

100%
.

4.3
engl. Metal Inert Gas
( inertnog) plinom
engl. Gas Metal Arc Welding GMAW. ,

[ 8]

8.

21

()
,
().

.
, ,
, ,
.
Ar + 1 3 %O2, kao i Ar + 2 3 %CO2 ,

.
,

. ()
(),
,
[ 10].

22

 10.

1-4 "",
" V" "" .
.

23

5.
,
,


,
, ,
.

24

6.
[1 ]Atlas Steels Technical Department: The Atlas Steels Technical Handbook
of Stainless
Steel, rev. July 2010.
[2. ], .: , 2. , ,
2008.
[3] : : -

, , 2000.
[4] , ., , .: -
,
, , 1990.
[5] , ., , ., , .: - ,

, , :
( ),
2007.

25