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    hindi sahitya ka itihas

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    hindi sahitya ka itihas

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    15 views43 pages

    05 Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek
    hindi sahitya ka itihas

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 43
    wet = 4 eater ar sfrere ate ites ga a ot a vr de v2 = a4 @ ie wie mw te ea ania wit 2 wie chee we a geo? atta pace? oo ovkramPxet «=F oh owe oe caiee ¥ gut waaa ame en @1 ae wea 4 way cera tl ie, WT 21 eta an fava fies @ - eheetit var afer “RST SARL wera wear gait ere yaaa 1% wo ad, aH ak qa Fo om am a wae a ere to vei A amis wa ar get ae Sie wan ie a Grit Pes wer 21 dite, wae at aera Gi wei a, wR St ha A ta 2) wae ak a wa a ea Pear an, eaiery ser frat oT: “aftera Sar wala 8 Sh qeiet & seam @ Ren Gar 21°7 15, 6, 41 43, 4, 12, 13.3 2, 4, 16, 5, 11 3, 4, 4, 21 at ag cant era Req que} 3.4.10 Ft aoe HF sega WEARG — Scere RBS Bsus oh afta Peta wf, yo do 3 8 seaa sous ene wee we a ot am tees mem i ate of # Ber oat wat & aa eh A ve aed ar fee atmice: ee we A oe Am oa toa me RO RR me A sites a fat sed & aa em oma qe ad car Pr 3 vam A fit wa ad ste das to wm ate Ran gu we we weg at a tea aa t & wit Bea & veal wae a ue ta Ras ay Raha Ae @ oe 28 oF waits Rat at ver ates a yaa a of dite rt % we 8 7 tax Wea & me & ttre we om We ee at wie wit ad ad a om wea % TY eR F ved vae % fig Bet ch we oe 7 eter we a a wan eat 2 ee we oa gt ot F ues Re WT Sate FB aa Fa t, ae sa ht Fa TAT afte vata ok sta vin tot afm Foo, we, THT aie at & aa ae, aa aa Rea wi aq s shee a ua da t ot me mage Pa got ok am ae Pros a ua Tere ated af 21 fe we a der af eT aaa eT ewer ora 8 @ eo A wea ae A d wd 2 wa fge of t ea WaT eRe a de ak aterpe aa ad @ eta - Reid ‘saere 9 ae var aa Pata Prat 1 a at ate oo sae wary oar fe aK - History is the Science of Men in Time----Bloctt. History is the record of what one age finds worthy ~Burckhardt of note in another - History is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts an uneding dialouge between the present and -E.H. Carr. the past History is a significant record of events of the past it is @ meaningful story of mankind depicting the details of what happend to man and why it happened. History is a series of events and each event occurs at a given point in time. It is time that provides continuity in history, for changeis a fundamental factor in history and in all change here is also continuity. History is a significant record of events of the past, it is a meaningful story of mankind depicting the details of what happened to man and why it happened. History is the story of man's struggle through the ages against Nature and the elements, against wil beasts and the jungle and the do last and most difficult of all, against some of his own kind who have tried to keep him down and to exploit him for their own benefit-Nehru. ta ge fea sai a me daa aa tote mea Bl seat G1 owe aa, arms Raft A Wow, we hem di ma Ge aK STF wa FG am 2) ae wa amma 21 ae Peis ome af fer aa wre Hae se a area & ok Fe gers Bw adit afm, ot sf % erat 4 Peas a Re a aaa Sam, ea ote &, ot Pen aes e) Sate Pere wi a dee we a vn a of Fam et - hy went & eta ah a via sa me het & sfeivr: Stee we a ae Ra amt wa oe Pet wer ewe at eters at fait aed &, aa ero ome ae ad ta & a ua gi at fae we ae deere gas 1 af we @ fe wer Pe eer ve at ce te Rie ae fea fra &, oT Se UH va Ay gem Pet 21 ye eer ya & anad & oRRehet & ga ar fal. ea wes fe A owe det wet a aad vent oan we ah & yaa S 21 tee FE FH aeaT aa twat oaftiog Foam, oe, OM, ait a & aaa, va Prt t ay amg {st Tee TS a ot, a sa Tm Fos srant a Ta a feet viet a GE ARI am 2 ae a, aqua, fat gree #1 tar ak ata fy wera gage & waa Fo awh wa aT Faw wee eo WS ahs Ree & aa em Rew aR aks dt wm wt a oo Ra A a A Pee Sm tow wow wo at wa Ree s aa aoa ame mis sr 2 Yaa mea ¢ ww wa a wer Fo ame t Set meh =e wer sh deer eee wer U1"? Sets sei are oc we # fae ad sea 21 ak & aR, te FH 1066 7 wT TM, 1067 Foo we ae Me F a TT a He after an afer - aia - aftr Aetas wf 2 BK - Yo -8 A ae Ufa weagt @ fe “dee adi aa sale t a fe TT a var A wen & we & ae F gees A wea ar Rega wi vex dm, 48 how fet A wa wer a at wa 7 ae o 8 Rie dee oR ate wR F He SA aM me yee % wea wa, ot Pm was tea & fe a wa wt etm swt t Pee RR aq a Pe am t) wi aw we t & wat a ded ft ate a 4A ag a ti wat mh aed ¢ we deer & mI we at & fe ae Ba am et ze wa & a @ fe we wat qo veni a fe a F win ae 2, ade oe ear aa veg a vita at, a aT a Ri & ware 7 ves seat: @e & ge 4 et wig ch a @ fh ae 1066 F WS TT, ae weer fh ae a mM I F we YET oa @? tee at oi aa ge a aah cai att a 7 ae wm hee t & wg Aw gee a at, hes ae oR arr gai 8 ve Pee ah a ca an tt | wom wR tee A at a at oat Fy war Bea oo ara 2%, ga aret wt aa art - thats 7a eee 5 amt a ah aegte eRere Reenter a4 ee eat ed store 31 ‘fafa fae safes aa TR arr aaa ate Prara aera anf ata 7a eRe Sara to cme hee Wa WEAK @. 4M gee A oat sel ae A wa eed wea Fo wT more tT mea KR we eee 7 dies = eR TER wad ae-arae ak OF. fea wea ok tee der a fe a F wo aye ga ites & casa aa fra am tare FER aT aim eae afacin ca seri Ft) Wet o> We Ere > are qa gfacre + Gee area = Fa aTeIR aie Serr + efeere = Aa eeeTe chee tam & am a we a ow a om aa, wet wt ce de ane Foam we aa ow ae wm ae @, ok aakes dita at oa a wa ome Faz a TT wa a a am tht FW aK thames da Zz wer ara der oma dee RG seat a wa oa aaa ert 1. aaa: dr ett eer you 81 shee % ware 7 teha sae ada tes a G tes fe «ore tReeert ae ot ads wa wae, a wa: ST ya ae 1 aR aT sar 2 Crates gern a Te treats ot & we A aa wa ae wa se, wi we oaqeemm ao fea-st-Ra we th oo wt WH ag 7, =a S wis, Re, wh go Ree a wate RET qa A oa ach we ae Ha OTR A anima a are te at ae gam oa, fee 2 Rem uaa 4, fret stee After fer & ee oR we TH wT wet wm ep ma ated a soa se oe ae 9 arefia gem ot faq ceri anetaey ana Fe a we vet & wea wa @, Bef oe: fen ge tet @ oT & art ace S Ah osm Tsar e ~ "The early history of India resembles ajigsow puzzle with many missing pieces some parts of the picture are fairly clear. Others may be reconstructed with the aid of controlled imaginetion, but many gapes remain.‘ ada we 7 gee we wm Wh ow: Ww F waa UF wwe gar 21 aftera ar Pere - 1 The wonder that was India. P-44 anit aoe taf Roe Theshi ged aBeageetiag 1 FANG F SEK LAE BI WET E ard ora ares sHPaeq as sa wate gaa thes ft aren ae Bar wi wa ai a adalat — wa a oT sad oa sar ae we A a oem mm aa ag at he wa sae aT mS wa ser aan Pee a cam fa Te FT ward so % faq afer aa & weer 41 4 watt mF a a uM = a Tea wm ae an oR ae qa fe we rama aa A ae che a at A ak w var there 4 vifes veqd fete edt ch So owe 3 as (hee wa Toa Re TM “The lack of historical scence did not affect the masses, they built up their view of the nd » past from traditional accounts, myths stories.... this imagined history, mixture of fact and legend, gave an abiding cultural background. It is the history buildround historical ured the imagination of che oR wee a ai sen arent waa get co fea at wt wa de KO a oe Ram @, qa am ree scat & ame wa a axe thats st, tote wo osha aeet ¥ wats fo @ wy Wete vet shee G gems a whe, ai a mara vert a ate oie 4, veri eo wo saa wd seme gear fated 8 7a stew ft 3 wera Aare see — eee we a mom we ee & es ow Ra a ow@ to aki of eta am Bor Fae a tl se G aemeR A aT ae va KG as ore SH arses aq Fae are Tales a we & Powe gece Rem over sea, ot ow agar Qoes 7 AR a wa a a ret) oo get A ado we fe ae wr Fo as one a uta gt Zz wa vR thats anh Ram 2, wy a dem ae tee eye ee wt cam to ora Raf 4 wa aie see a ager frm @ GY we ana Rin wr a sau ak A wR weal fe oa at aa A onBec ar 2 "Ancient India has bequeathed to us no historical work." weed Foam am ae ve ach ah set ai go at wen wd yee Pre "Unfortunately the Hindus do not pay much attention to the historical order of things, they are very concless in relating the cronological succession of their kings and when they are pressed for information and we are at a loss, not knowing what to say, the invarisly take to romaineing. "2 mara a 4 wi wt fe Wan snae A fan a1 Se aT “History is one weak point in Indi. It is in fact non existent. The total historical sense is so characteristic that the whole course of sanskrit literature is darkened by the shadow of this defect, suffering as it does from an entire absence of chronology."? aR Re A Se wae 2 We wa wee tras ah wai ae Toa qT FT ys KR TT EM e Fe Lae ves fa 2 ak om wR FR =e a Te Home Sa frre “Tradition ........ is the only resource. Since historical works are wanting and is not an untrustworthy guide. In ancient times men new perfectly well the difference between truth and falsehood , as abundant proverks and saying show. It was natural there that they showed discriminate what was true and presentive it, and hissorical tradition must be considered in this light." eR: ada ger Pes ore ae ae a ae am oom oe at go aia teen weit aa toeder wt @ sin he wt qa gem a aa us Alberuni's India, E.S. Sachan - P.P. 10 2. Ancient India Historical Tradition- Pargieter - P.P. 6 aS we & a we Rem ace sa aa a Rae wee Fer et ac oe ok a a gaits rete eters got at G wat we win anda wit go fe @ at 8 =e ater Hamar oa Re wm ama wt am aia ae 8 ae wes, qua ak aia dete aia da t ae FT aata awa dt amy attics 7 2 sq fo fet a mt "All dates given in India literary history arepins set up to be bowled down again") RW wR a wt ow t f& ae tee F ae a TT urea Rent a wa ate sta ar fer & at ama & Req grt sk th ma me wR wa ad Re S Ta ee ws BTR Seer aT oe al OTT farat 4 eat shee & wa 7 RY ay at ot ae wer wa mf we wm Re 8 Ge aoe sate ok wae ao @ fe winearers7? f0 yo Pee & wearin 41 ae, mere, wa a 3 war 7 ah wert a a wat gh a SS Tey ied Ga FT a1 gemd_ca_friee_site_aenftel_si_sftera_frees__gftesia : feat = ulate Bem me shi afters dar wrt & vite taht am a ans attic me fa @ FW aM 7 we Ta AR wer de ooo Rerige ak asia & ater Peer Ree oa aa ates sa em Bly Ancient Indian Historical Tradition Pargiter P.P. 2 giz anh deen Gaeta amt wee Hoefer Ft ont eftere Peas arnt a da Fer gar frat @ - The object of this book, which was undertaken more than four years ago, is to give from the literary points of view only and from direct reading, of the literature itself as full as well as supplied, and as conviently arranged a store house of facts as the writer could provide. The substitution of birdeye views and sweeping generalisations for positive knowledge has been very sedulourly avoided, but it is hoped that the system of inter chapters will provide a sufficient chain of historical summary as to general points, such as for instance, the nature and progress of English prosody and the periods of prose style. No part of this books had been delivered as lecturers and the sections of it concerning the Elizabethan period and the Ninetcenth Century are not replieas of previous work on those subject. sie Sk ae sae oh See aoa a do we wee a wa aati ot & ft ere wat a qe a ae Gt ye wR AT ok anne fei & va oh ome fom Gee a oT ow él z wa or Res oe F FG a gh a Pea aan wa ORS aa ae S eaita Pra on sa 21 Sead & ge Ie G Pita Ta Ere eid F ial fee atts diem a aie a aeen thet fend at adt-sit aad ae oe 21 fel wee wer Ft ca eat geet & ware % wa oT wa wey ak tee Fo vei me Gow, Ta a ae e1 fat weer a ue Pet wa aa samy @ sk ae aT ae a 4 aitrarcm ear eT wo owe Perf @ ema ag Pde wi tetera ea Be wrh eh ga a ca wae @ sem eee a af dom ce aan eee aka at we dete a F we fee oem a we ok WR Te OK om adeno aa Rl TR Gt a we aK wae cf ae go fem aaa d awe ww a sea th aka # Pye ater gies dt cael & qe 7 ca om aaa dt Wel age a ok Road & Be tee gies afte set a Rear st af ere act aa da @, aa ete 7 I a wae Pert afer wate te 7 3 wh ad am am a zi aot a aictes dn 7 weg ee ty mh atte geo we A de to deed aa dead gies amar a 4 amet ad wea 2%, ay adtea 4 TK We a wets gaan & ate ont sk Seif da to an ee te om 8 ete aa 2, we a cee Oa cea St fe et athe wat a vata ae dete aw =e t) cred % set wa Pee a ae at tee a wits we at) we aet wa Pak a oa oF me 8 wae wa a fea Pr oT waar @) eer St Tor waa Gan & afew yaa a af aeaied 81 Bee seat = ake a ear dea Reece een dee a BR wed a oer yea dat @ eK AT sa amt # attted a wi a at ma wm ani F am Be yera aaaT waa eT 8 fed utente war er vaea Prat 2 amfre sterm-ait a frat 1 ‘agra dae Amat ak aft # =a ™ a FT Ta wraPat Pe aa tH ah 2] Te WAPa A eitea a a ag aS ET a1 aM eee meer ama & pt ade & eee art th aoe fenoam tom gem a ieee wa sat a ea wat 2 ot cee ae uaeara ea a 6 aap se-aia at ug a Pra a Ge 21 steer ft dt cf RRA ame dom tl we at afer st ame waar Ht geo faa th 7 wearin temas, we aaa oat er ae we at ak Ga wt ae se SR KH CRRA a ware A ag 21 ie aafe ee wr ax fees w aagt Paar e om a ee wat t wo sk die me 7 or saz 9 am ow dee we aa ae F af ta, Wy Fe Fe aw set oa & ey t dam to ae SeR tam et fe Peet At gr af pial oe ae er 10 aa wim 4 ater adver oF snus etek te fe Ret a aa aa @ are wee aT faa sk am Ray @ 5 de aq waa & Rea wi oeag ee a at vaio Ret ate = dee 4%, oe oe ee a race a te? fet we attcaiee a oats fa mt a wee fig Ataa vetat ete a owt to a ogee - “oa oe aon ata a at oa a fet ai die cha aa & wa oa Rte @ & oa a Reet & oad & aaa ar 3 wea A oh ae cea we oe too a oT Te it atcafers : dcr ax eET Yo Ho 90 wee fer @ ata a tea sea el gee wae co em yee Bed & Pe ca 4 shee weet Ree ony a Ret 2 wy we wm a aie A outam sia aa at 2 wast wet & fee wy a wa weiter a A oghtats Sa wm Ret aie a feea we aig wa % pao 21 at eer wi a am oat 3% die aia 4 ce var A oRaot pea ate - vet ae 2 fe aa 4 a gar & atest at we go fre dad ok ah gtd a dtee a dex WA = tae we WA gh wie a tea & a wa t wR, far ok ae ae YA aR a we am aiken aa 2a eA ch once a ea ge eo eT teas a wea aa osm Beet oo RaR, fe wés 4 ais dem a afer ao GA wir ok Aare FOS oe Jemeegies 8 oasis ad & ak oabat 4G th Ew a tam py A wea W Ge 8 ca aa &, a2 cites a fam eat 2 ah atts daeex ae 2 Bm =i wat ge ae we ys 8 pe ate a ook Pe a, a ae a-TeRT ak Wet a aM. Wer wm ge ae ak we ae # 1 ars TH, te ate a eee, yo do -1 ware cad 81 wee aa F Rai eave saa BI zo WH SaeM ea a agi feet after ar var sftere 3 gtee da A aren x Pam ae em fra @ - sere at ae ta am ok ett w om @ tt =e t he oe a A wa A ap ee ta wa t ak aie was goat fe thet cat a cet a ae Ger a @, weet das wen aa @, ateitee a dan ater & adi, we aah t sawed t aie t a eet tae at sad a mag tar a ata e eye ents ee a ye sa oe & wear at eer & wT" wet wep fe a ae magi ge Ra ata A ante afer ey fart ae em 7 tee } wee 7 Bert to een agi aaa at ti ve ae & gee sted faa wean ott caPadt & saa-ge ar de ai toa at ae Pare aw oer WA eta Sar BA wet ot waa Brauftiransit auatiers td to om wT eT a omar a gem 8 Wa a ues fra vet chen ga vest at & aa Basi 7 Rea wit waz td t ah we we Re Ae A wT oe aT aa foam: ee a a Paes wn af ge at a sees oR aR ARE = Be Broth wag a5 ORS aes & eee a tar er oT Seat 21"? ara Rest ca var a on wad t - 1 aetes go Rie tat Go wat gif a a ro sto waa fe - eet after a emis afer - aT warm wat aT Ri a ae gt a aie wear Sl 2 ai uw giftsa Chafee am tar a 3 asa we ame Raa a aera cet er 4 Bfisa 7 oats Trot & ya Ft am eri a 5 wi wa aged % Rare a som at aqeear tat 21 6 eat 8 Ga wh a vin dhe om A a qeeama 7 ata eat Rarer 8 ers % eer a1 vehis Fea a1 aa th 10 tee A aa me tee see A aT fran tet @ i ve op tees wt m7 ee FF aE Sar 12 aes = cites was 4 dae, seared, ae ak wamaeta ware cat to ates a car aa tae # uth F Awa wee fe 5 uci wo thee cart t aaa oat 1 veh we @ WAL as Fea Fo ah & af tw ok Aw wy a tans rem a a Rave am} were am ata oa aie sae @ Rie a om Sh yan aT sera SF At ae art Maa TT eT et "trees wet, ot wee e Re we fu a ae a wr a ot & sk tee a ee wa a wa t van Pear aor cs @ AR oat aren & aa ae oe GAH ea 21 aR a we ge dae A fet & zeapi wa af ad, 7% ete a at, ow Fae wets oR KOR ae ag ae ti" woe 8p fo RH we ee ake aoa aa aan wi ¢, oa ste dat a ai a afta wl tere wi af 7 eee ai 2, a ae do ad a wert a Te a aR toot ge oes ok fine 8, oe war wan Fo thas a af aa Of Bet a Pet eR ada tan dt & ae acters, afer sant S gee & ca am 8 TY AT eR ger eee ae TT Re at ven 2 aft wet oat Rare A yi A Rae at at toa fos, the wm wt ke toe Te aa a et at ae wad, area a agfe aa a ea a Term 9 wa Fe Te, ae, eee, am a ae Fw Hom s wo wea F we wR F Ree aay at & fi: wi ata @ Aer = a witt ata a are He oR oR A eT a ST a1 1 acter : dca at cet - 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