.

CHO, o C1


HCHO , C2H4O C3H6O

HCH=O
CH3CH=O
C3H6O
CH3CH2CH=O
CH3C=O
CH3

ME


C=O

( > C=O )

,
+ ,
(B )
,
(A + ,
:

- -

R-Mg

-CN

(F ,Cl ,Br , I )

14
C=O

CvH2vO H2 CvH2v+1OH


CH=O H2 -CH2-OH
C3-CH=O H2 C3-CH2-OH
C3-C2-CH=O H2 C3-C2-CH2-OH

C3
C3
C3-C= +2 C3-C

 H2
(Ni, Pd, Pt)
.

,

15
CvH2v1CH=O HCNCvH2v1CH(OH)CN
CH=OHCN-CH-CN
OH
C3--CH=OHCNC3--CH-CN
OH

C3-C2-CH=OHCNC3-C2-CH-CN
OH

 HCN

( )
H2SO4
2
.
HCN

 Grignard
Grignard RMgX

Grignard .
Grignard
Mg R X :
RX

+Mg R-MgX

,
RMgX ,
Grignard:
R-MgX +H2O RH +Mg(OH)X

16
Grignard HCH = O
HCH = O C21MgCl CvH2v1CH2gCl

g()Cl+CvH2v1CH2

-CH=C3-MgClCH3-C(OMgCl)H2
CH3-C(OMgCl)H2 +2 Mg(OH)Cl + CH3-CH2OH


Grignard RCH = O
CvH2v1CH=O C21MgCl CvH2v1CHgCl +H2O

CH21

------------

g()Cl+ CvH2v1CHH
CH21

17 C3CH= C3-MgBr
C3-C2-MgBr
C3CH=C3-C2-MgBr C3CHMgBr +2
.
C 2-C3 ----------

Mg(OH)Br + C3CH()C2-C3

C3CH=C3-MgBr C3CHMgBr +2
.
C 3
----------

Mg(OH)Br + C3CH()C2-C3


Grignard

18
Grignard

C3
C3-C=
C3-C2-MgI

C3
C3-C-C2-CH3 + 2

Mg(OH)I
----....

C3
C3-C-C2-CH3

+ g(OH)I

OH

2- 2-