2.

44 Homeostasis
To be able to define the term homeostasis

To understand why the body must keep constant conditions around ce

To remember that tissue fluid surrounds the cells
To understand the principle of negative feedback
To know the organs involved in homeostasis

Keywords
External environment: conditions outside the body
Internal environment: conditions inside the body
Optimum: Best value for cells to function
Osmoregulation: the regulation of water and salt
levels
Excretion: the removal of the waste products from
metabolism and other reactions from an organism
Sensory receptors: They feed the brain with info
about the bodys conditions

The body has mechanisms of

controlling both external and
internal environments, so both
conditions remain constant

Keeping internal environment

constant
Cells in blood plasma and others are surrounded by
tissue fluid
Conditions in blood (& therefore tissue fluid) kept at
optimum
So conditions around cells are constant
This is called HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostasis
Keeps a basic principle
External environment varying conditions
homeostatic systems blood tissue fluid
(detail on page 128)

Cells in homeostasis
Cells change the composition of tissue fluid
Remove food and oxygen
Add CO2 and other wastes

Heart in homeostasis
supplies constant pressure needed to:
deliver blood to the tissues
form the tissue fluid

Skin in homeostasis
The main organ for control of heat exchange

Kidneys in homeostasis
For osmoregulation
For excretion

Lungs in homeostasis
Regulate exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Liver in homeostasis
Regulates levels of many solutes in the blood
Removes poisons

Intestines in homeostasis
Supply soluble foods and water

How is homeostasis brought about

Work of all organs coordinates to achieve homeostasis
Sensory receptors work along with organs
Therefore if something is out of place, they inform the
brain which commands a change
Homeostasis depends on this feedback

summary
Homeostasis is the maintenance of the body in a
constant internal environment
Homeostasis involves control by negative feedback
In negative feedback, a change sets off a response that
cancels out in change