CHAPTERI

ARRESTANDINVESTIGATION
1. Article22(2)oftheConstitutionofIndiarequiresthatpersonarrestedordetained
incustodyshouldbeproducedbeforethenearestMagistratewithin24hoursof
such
arrestexcludidngthetimenecessaryforthejourneyfromtheplaceofarresttothe
courtoftheMagistrate,andthatnosuchpersonshouldbedetainedbeyondsuch
periodwithouttheauthorityoftheMagistrate.TheCriminalprocedureCodealso
makeasimilarprovisioninrespectofpersonsarrestedwithoutwarrant.Incaseof
acomplaint,theMagistrateshouldcheckthetimeofarrestbyquestioningthe
persons
arrested, and see that this important constitutional safeguard for the personal
liberty
ofthesubjectisnotviolated.
Attemptsaresometimesmadetoevadethelawbydescribingcustodyordetention
ofanykindasnazarkaidorsurveillance.Surveillanceisonethingand
detentioninanykindofcustodyisanother.Itisamereevasionofthelawtokeep
asuspectedpersoninanykindofcustodyandthenbycallingsuchdetention
nazarkaid to say that he is not under arrest. The system is still more
objectionable
whenappliedtowitnesses.
IftheMagistratefindsthatanypersonhasbeenunlawfullydetained,heshall
reportthemattertotheSessionsJudge,whoshalltakeappropriateactioninthe
matter
2. Womenaccusedofanyoffence,ifarrestedsosoonafterchildbirththattheycan
notatoncebetakenbeforetheMagistratewithoutpersonalsufferingandriskto
health
shouldnotordinarilyberemoveduntiltheyareinaproperconditiontotravel.
They
shouldbeallowedtoremainunderproperchargeinthecareoftheirrelations,or
be
senttothenearestdispensary,andsufferedtoremainthereuntiltheofficerin
charge
of the dispensary certifies that they are sufficiently recovered. In such
cases,sanction
mustbeobtainedbythepolicefromthenearestMagistratefortheirdententionat

their homes, or in the dispensary, beyond the period of 24 hours allowed by

section
57 of the code of criminal procedure,1973. The same procedure should be
followed
inthecaseofotheraccusedpersonswhoaretooilltotravel.
3. (1)Ifanyallegationsofilltreatmentismadebyaprisoner,theMagistrateshall
thenandthereexaminetheprisonersbody,iftheprisonerconsents,toseeifthere
areanymarksofinjuriesasalleged,andshallplaceonrecordtheresultofhis
examination.Iftheprisonerrefusestopermitsuchexamination,therefusaland
the
reasonthereforshallberecorded.IftheMagistratefindsthatthereisreasonto
suspect
thattheallegationiswellfounded,heshallatoncerecordthecomplaintandcause
prisonertobeexaminedbyaMedicalOfficerorregisteredMedicalPractitioneras
providedinsection54oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,1973andshallmakea
reporttotheSessionsJudge.Ifhehasnothtpowertotakeupthenecessary
inquiryhimself,heshouldforwardtheprisonerwiththerecordtotheJudicial
MagistratehavingJurisdictiontoinvestigatethecase.
AttentionoftheMagistrateisinvitedtotheprovisionofsection54oftheCodeof
Criminal Procedure,1973, which lays down that the Magistrate shall, at the
request
ofthearrestedperson,directtheexaminationofthebodyofsucharrestedperson
byaRegisteredMedicalPractitionerincaseofhisallegationbeforehimthatsuch
examinationofhisbodywillaffordevidencewhichwilldisprovethecommission
byhimofanyoffenceorwhichwillestablishthecommissionbyanyotherperson
ofanyoffenceagainsthisbody.
(2)(i)MedicalOfficerinchargeofjailsmustcarefullyexaminethebodyofevery
undertrialprisoneronthedayofhisarrivalinjailoratleastonthedayfollowing:
(ii)Similarly,inthecaseofthirdclasssubsidiaryjails,ifthereisaSubAssistant
SurgeonorotherMedicalOfficerinlocalchargeoftheplace,everyundertrial
prisonershouldbeexaminedbyhim,ifpresentatthestation,within24hoursof
admission;
(iii)InthecaseoflockupsandsubsidiaryjailsatplaceswherethereisnoMedical
officerortheRegisteredMedicalPractitioner,asthecasemaybe,theofficerin
chargeinallsuspiciouscasesshouldsendundertrialprisonersincustodytothe
nearestMedicalOfficerortheRegisteredMedicalPractitioner,asthecasemaybe
forexamination.
(iv)AMedicalOfficerortheRegisteredMedicalPractitioner,asthecasemaybe,

towhomapersoninpolicecustodyisbroughtforexamination,shouldexamine
the
personoftheprisoner,andeventhoughnosuspiciousmarksarefound,shouldat
oncereporttotheMagistrateauthorisingpolicecustodythathehasdoneso.
(3)Inallsuchcases,theMedicalOfficerortheRegisteredMedicalPractitioner,
asthecasemaybe,shouldrecordtheresultoftheexamination.
(4)Ifanymarksorsymptomsatallindicativeofrecentviolenceorilltreatment
arefound,theMedicalOfficerortheRegisteredMedicalPractitioner,asthecase
maybe,concerned,shouldimmediatelymakeareporttotheappropriateJudicial
MagistrateandtotheSessionsJudge.Thisreportshouldspecifythenatureofthe
injuriesandtheirposition,togetherwiththeopinionoftheMedicalOfficerorthe
RegisteredMedicalPractitioner,asthecasemaybe,astotheircausation,and
should
statewhethertheprisonermakesanyallegationsinregardtothemagainstthe
police
or others responsible for his arrestor custody, orstate howelse the prionser
explains
them.
(5)Ifsuchallegationshavebeenmade,theSessionsJudgeshouldarrangefor
animmediateMagisterialinvestigationintothecomplaintthroughsuchJudicial
Magistrate as he may deem most convenient, unless he is satisfied by the
Magistrates
reportunderSubparagraph(1)above,thatadequateinvestigationisproceeding.
(6)Theresultofthisinvestigation,sofarasitrefutesorestablishesthetruthof
theallegations made,mustbecommunicatedassoon aspossibletotheCourt
seized
ofthesubstantivecaseIfitconsidersitdesirableornecessary,theCourtmay
summontheMedicalOfficerortheRegisteredMedicalPractitioner,asthecase
may
be,togiveevidenceinthecase.
Remand
4.(1)ItisobservedthatMagistratesallowremandoftheaccusedtocustody
under section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,1973, or allow remand
under
section309oftheCodeofCriminalprocedure,1973,withoutsatisfyingthemselves
thattherearereasonablegroundsforsuchremand.ThelawrequiresthatMagi
stratesshouldnotallowremandinsuchcaseswithoutbeingsatisfiedthatthereare
reallygoodgroundsforit.Magistratesshouldnot,therefore,allowremandapplica

tionsasamatterofcourse,butonlyafterbeingsatisfiedthatfurthertimeisreally
necessaryforthepurposeofinvestigation.Inthisconnection,theattentionofall
theCourtsisinvitedtotherulingsreportedinA.I.R.1975S.C.1465(NatabarParida
Vs.StateofOrissa)and78B.L.R.,page411(StateofMaharashtraVs.Tukaram
ShivaPatil).
2. Inthisconnection,attentionoftheMagistratesisdrawntotheprovisions
of
section167(1)oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure1973whichmakesit
obligatory
onthepolicetosendcopiesofentriesinthediaryrelatingtothecasewhen
forwardingtheaccusedforthepurposes ofremand.Magistratesshould
invariably
insist upon copies of such entries and other relevant material being
producedbythepolice,andsuchentriesandmaterialshouldbecarefully
examinedbytheMagistratesinordertosatisfythemselvesthatthereare
goodgroundsforremand.
5.whileitisnotintendedtofetterthediscretionoftheMagistratesin
mattersof
remand,thefollowinggeneralprinciplesarestatedfortheirguidance:
(i)Aremandtopolicecustodyofanaccusedpersonshouldnotordinarily
be
granted unless there is reason to believe that material and valuable
information
would thereby be obtained, which cannot be obtained except by his
remandto
policecustody.
(ii) Wherea remandis required merelyforthe purposeof verifying a
statement
madebytheaccused,theMagistrateshouldordinarilyremandtheaccused
person
toMagisterialcustody.
(iii) If the Magistrate thinks that it is not necessary for purposes of
investigation
to remand the accused to police custody, he should place the accused
personin
Magisterialcustody;andincasehehasnojurisdictiontotrytheoffence
charged,
heshouldissueordersforforwardingtheaccusedpersontoaMagistrate

having
Jurisdiction.
(iv)IftheMagistratethinksthatthepolicenotonlyrequiremoretimefor
their
investigation but that for some good reason they require the accused
persontobe
presentwiththeminthatinvestigation,theMagistratemayremandhimto
police
custody,butwhiledoingso,hemustrecordthereasonsforhisorder.
6.When the accusedperson is remanded either to police custody or to
somesafe
custodyforthepurposeoffurtherinvestigationbythepolice,itmustbe
bornein
mindthat,howeverincompleteaninvestigationmaybe,anaccusedperson
inevery
casemustbeproducedbeforeaMagistratehavingjurisdictionwithina
maximum
periodof16days(1dayallowedbythelawifsomuchbenecessary,and
15more days which may be allowed by a Magistrate on proper cause
shown).
7.Noorderundersection167forremandofanaccusedpersonshouldbe
made
unless the accused is produced before the Magistrate making the
order,eitherinpersonorthroughthemediumofelectronicvideolinkage,
and he has been heard on any objection he may have to offer to the
proposedorderofremand,unlesstheproductionoftheaccusedisrequired
tobedispensedwithunderparagraph2ofthischapter.
Explanation.ForthepurposeofSection167oftheCriminalProcedureCodeexpression
ProductionoftheaccusedbeforetheMagistrateshallincludehisproductionthrough
themediumofvideolinkagebyinterface.
unlesstheproductionoftheaccusedisrequiredtobedispensedwithunderparagraph
2ofthisChapter.
FacilitiestoAccusedinpoliceCustodyorJailtoInterviewRelativesand
Legal
Advisers.
8.Complaintsaresometimesmadethataccusedpersonsinpolicecustodyare
notaccordednecessaryfacilitiestointerviewtheirrelativesandlegaladvisers.

Article22oftheConstitutionofIndiaprovidesasfollows:
Article22(1)Nopersonwhoisarrestedshallbedetainedincustodywithout
beinginformed,assoonasmaybe,ofthegroundsforsucharrestnorshallhebe
deniedtherighttoconsult,andtobedefendedby,alegalpractitionerofhischoice
2. Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be
producedbefore
thenearestmagistratewithinaperiodoftwentyfourhoursofsuch
arrestexcludingthetimenecessaryforthejourneyfromtheplace
ofarresttothecourt
ofthemagistrateandnosuchpersonshallbedetainedincustody
beyondthesaidperiodwithouttheauthorityofamagistrate.
(3)Nothinginclauses(1)and(2)shallapply:
(a)toanypersonwhoforthetimebeingisanenemyalien;or
(b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law
providingfor
preventivedetention.
(4)Nolawprovidingforpreventivedetentionshallauthorisethe
detentionof
apersonforalongerperiodthantwomonthsunlessanAdvisory
Boardconstitutedinaccordancewiththerecommendationsofthe
ChiefJusticeofthe
appropriateHighCourthasreportedbeforetheexpirationofthe
saidperiod oftwomonths thatthereis inits opinion sufficient
causeforsuchdetention:
ProvidedthatanAdvisoryBoardshallconsistofaChairmanand
notlessthan
twoothermembers,andtheChairmanshallbeaservingJudgeof
theappropriateHighCourtandtheothermembersshallbeserving
orretiredJudgesofanyHighCourt;
Provided further that nothing in this clause shall authorise the
detentionofany
personbeyondthemaximumperiodprescribedbyanylawmadeby
parliament
undersubclause(a)ofclause(7).
ExplanationInthisclause,appropriateHighCourtmeans
(i)inthecaseofthedetentionofapersoninpursuanceofanorder
ofdetention
made by the Government of India or an officer or authority

subordinatetothat
Government,theHighCourtfortheUnionTerritoryofDelhi;
(ii)inthecaseofthedetentionofapersoninpursuanceofanorder
ofdetention
made by the Government of any state (Other than a Union
territory),theHigh
CourtforthatState;and
(iii)inthecaseofthedetentionofapersoninpursuanceofanorder
of
detention made by the administrator or a Union territory or an
officeror
authority subordinate to such administrator, such High Court as
maybespecified
byorunderanylawmadebyparliamentinthisbehalf.

5. Whenanypersonisdetainedinpursuanceofanordermadeunderanylaw
providingforpreventivedetention,theauthoritymakingtheordershall,as
soonas
maybe,communicatetosuchapersonthegroundsonwhichtheorderhas
been
made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a
representation
againsttheorder.
10.Nothinginclause(5)shallrequiretheauthoritymakinganysuchorderas
is
referredtointhatclausetodisclosefactswhichsuchauthorityconsidersto
be
againstthepublicinteresttodisclose.
13.Parliamentmaybylawprescribe
(a)theMaximumperiodforwhichanypersonmayinanyclassorclasses
be
detainedunderanylawprovidingforpreventivedetention;and
(b)theproceduretobefollowedbyanAdvisoryBoardinaninquiryunder
clause(4).
Anaccusedperson,whoisremandedintopolicecustody,hasarightto
claim
a reasonable opportunity of getting into communication with his legal

advisorforthepurposeofpreparinghisdefence,andthepolicecannot
legitimatelyclaimthat
innocircumstancesshouldhebeallowedtoseehislegaladvisoruntilthey
choose
topermitit.
9.Ithasbeenobservedthatnouniformpracticeisfollowedinthecriminal
courts
withregardtogivingintimationtoanaccusedwhoisinjailinonecase
thatheis
requiredtobeproducedforthetrialinanyothercase.
TheMagistrateorthejudgeshouldseethatsufficientnoticeisgiventothe
accusedaboutthesubsequentcasesothathemaygetanopportunityof
defending
himself.Ontheproductionoftheaccusedfromthejail,themagistrateor
thejudge
concernedshouldhimselfmakesurewhetherinfactsufficientopportunity
hasbeengivento theaccusedtogetintouchwith hisrelativesorhis
lawyerandcommencehearingonlyafterhehashadsuchopportunity.
10.UnderSection157oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure1973itisobligatoryonthepart
oftheofficerinchargeofapolicestationtosentreportforthwithto
magistrateempoweredtotakecognizanceofanoffenceonapolicereportregarding
informationreceivedbyhimaboutthecommissionofacognizableoffence.Incase
themagistratesfindthatproperstepsarenotbeingtakenbythepolice,theymaytake
suchactionundersection159ofthecodeofCriminalProcedure,1973astheymay
deemfit.
11.Section 165(5) lays down that copies of any record made under sub
section(1)
orsubsection(3)ofthatsectionrelatingtosearchofplacesshouldbesent
bythe
Investigating Officer to the nearest magistrate empowered to take
cognizanceoftheoffence.Thissectionfurtherlaysdownthattheowner
oroccupieroftheplaces
searchedshall,onapplication,befurnishedwithacopyofthesamefreeof
costby
themagistrate.Thisprovisionlaysdownaverysalutarysafeguardsofar
asthe
right of a citizen is concerned. All such records shall be immediately
transferred

tothecaseassoonasitisfiledinthecourt.
Bail.
19.Thepowerofadmittingapersontobailisamatterofjudicialdiscretion,
and
notaministerialact;andthechiefconsiderationintheexerciseofthat
discretion
mustbethelikelihoodofthepersonfailingtoappearatthetrail.Other
considerations to be borne in mind are the seriousness of the
offence,previousconvictions,ifany,oftheaccused,abnormalconditions
andnecessitytotakespecialprecautionsinparticularcases.InterimBail
is, however,permissible ,but in serious cases the prosecution may,
whereverpossible,beheard.Bailshouldnotberefusednorprohibitivebail
insistedupon,merelyonthegroundthatthepolicedesireit,forsucha
decisionmayleadtograveinjustice.TheCourtmay,however,
takeintoconsiderationtheinformationsuppliedandthereportsmadeby
thepolice.
Inrespectofanticipatorybail,providedbysection438oftheCodeof
Criminal
procedure 1973, the attention of the Sessions Courts is invited to the
decision of the Supreme Court reported in A.I.R.,1977 ,S.C. Page 366
(BalchandJainVs.Stateof
MadhyaPradesh).
PractisingLawyersnottobeacceptedasSureties
27.Practisinglawyersshallnotbeacceptedassureties.
VerificationofSolvencyofSureties
29.(1)Theresponsibilityforacceptingthesuretyassolventfortherequired
amount is primarily that of the presiding Officer of the Court and in
ordinarycases
heshoulddischargeithimselfbymakingsuchsummaryenquiryasinthe
circumstancesofthecasehemaythinkfit.
(2)TheproductionofasolvencycertificatefromtheRevenueAuthorities
isnot
alwaysessentialandmaybeinsistedupononlyincasesofdoubtandcases
involvinglargesums.
(3)Forthepurposeofdeterminingwhetherthesuretiesaresolvent,the
Court
may,ifitthinksfit,acceptaffidavitsinproofofthefactscontainedtherein
relating

tothesolvencyofthesureties,ormaymakesuchfurtherinquiryasit
deems
necessary.
4. Insistenceuponthepossessionofimmovablepropertybysuretiesinbonds
of
smallamountsnotexceedingRs.1,500wouldcauseseriousinconvenience
tothe
accusedinprocuringasurety.TheJudgeorMagistratemay,therefore,in
suitable
cases,wheretheamountofthebonddoesnotexceedRs.1,500assessthe
solvency
ofthesuretyevenuponthebasisofhismovablepropertyandassets.The
intendings surety should present his application for suretyship ink the
modelform
whichisprescribedbelowforguidance.TheClerkoftheCourtinthe
SessionsCourtorNazirorSeniorClerkintheMagisterialCourtsshould
checktheproofs
accompanyingtheapplications,andthereafterplacethematterbeforethe
Judge
orMagistratewithhisremarks.TheJudgeorMagistrateshouldconsider
the application in the light of the proofs produced and, if necessary,
examinethesurety
personallyandmayalsocallforfurtherandbetterproof.TheJudgeor
Magistrate
afterholdingasummaryenquirymaypassanordereitheracceptingthe
suretyor
rejectingtheapplicationashedeemsfit.
15.To facilitate checking one person standing surety in several cases, a
declaration
formshouldbeappendedtothesuretybondandintendingsuretyshould
beasked
to sign a declaration stating whether he has stood surety in any other
pendingcases.
Such a declaration would enable the Police Officer or the Magistrate
concernedto
decidewhetherthesuretyshouldbeacceptedornot.Ifthedeclarationthus
signed

byasuretyisfoundtobefalsesubsequently,necessaryactioncanbetaken
against
himforsuchafalsedeclaration.
5A.Toavoidabscondenceofaccusedduetofurnishingofbogussuretyor
surety,bondbyastocksurety,inadditiontotheproofasmentionedin
subclause3oftheFormatofApplicationofsurety,thesurety,inallcases
undertheNDPSAct,thecasesinwhichoffenceisseriousandsentence
provided is more than 10 years imprisonment or the cases under the
SpecialenactmentlikePOTA/MOCCAetc.,
shallfurnishatleastoneofthedocument,amongstfollowing:
1)Passport.
2)IdentityCardIssuedbytheElectionCommissionofIndia.
3)PermanentAccountNumberCard,i.e.PANcardissuedbytheIncome
Tax
Department.
4)ATM/DebitCard,orCreditCardissuedbyanyNationalisedorPrivate
BankonStandingattheNationalLevel,havingphotographoftheholder
thereon.
5) Identity Card issued by the Government Authorities or the Public
StatutoryCorporations.
6)Anysuchdocument,whichisordinarilyissuedbyanAuthorityafter
dueverificationoftheidentityofthepersonandhisaddress,whichthe
JudgeortheMagistratemaythinkjustandproper,intheinterestofjustice,
byrecordingspecificreason.
5B. The Surety shall submit two copies of his latest passport size
photograph which is not older than six months before the date of
submission,ofwhichonecopyshallberetainedinthecourtrecordand
onecopytoberetainedbytheconcernedpolicestation.
FORM
IntheCourtofthe..............................................
Judge/Magistrate............................
ApplicationNo.......................of19
(Inre:CaseNo........................of19
RemandApplicationofthe......................................................................PoliceStation)
State(Orasthecasemaybe)..........................................................Complainant.
Vs.
................................................................................................................................Accused
I(NameofSurety).................................................................................Solemnlyaffirm

andstateasfollows:
1. IbegtooffermyselfasaSuretyforAccusedNo..................................(fullname
oftheaccused)...............................Whoischargedunder
section...............................
andwhohasbeenorderedtobereleasedonbailinthesumofRs.(in
words)..............
.................................................................with
the.........................................................
Surety/Suretiesinthelikeamount,bythe...............................................Court(or
by
YourHonour)on//19.
2. Igivebelowcertainparticularsconcerningmyself:
(A)FullnameoftheSurety:
Qualifications,ifany:
FullresidentialAddress:
periodforwhichSuretyhasbeen
residingattheaboveaddress
Rentpaidfortheresidence..
Whethertherentbilloftheresidence
standsintheSuretysname.
(B)Occupationorbusiness..
Fullbusinessaddress..
Natureandextentofbusiness,and
Suretyssharetherein:
Rentpaidfortheplaceofbusiness..
Whethertherentbilloftheplaceof
businessstandsintheSuretysname.
Nameandaddressoftheemployer,
iftheSuretyisinservice.
Fulladdressoftheplaceofservice..
Amountofmonthlypayandallowances
drawn:
Lengthofservicewiththeemployer..
AmountofprovidentFund,ifany,
atSuretyscredit.
(D)Fullparticularsofhouseproperty
owned,ifany,itslocation,rateable
value,andtheSuretysshareor

interesttherein;andwhetheritisin
anywayencumbered:
(E)Amountofincometaxpaidduring
eachofthelastthreeyears:
Bankingaccounts,ifany..
Amountsnowlyingineachbanking
account:
(F)LengthoftimeforwhichtheSurety
hasknowntheAccusedpersonally:
WhethertheSuretyisrelatedtothe
Accused;ifso,how?
WhethertheSuretyhasstoodsurety
foranyotherpersoninthepreceding
sixmonths.Ifso,statethenames
oftheparties;theamountforwhich
thesuretyhasstoodforthem:the
Courtandthenumberofthecases
againstthoseaccused;andwhether
thecaseorcasesagainstthose
personsarependingorhave
concluded:
WhethertheSuretyhas,atanytime,
hadhissuretybondforfeited.Ifso,
giveparticulars:
WhethertheSuretyhas,atanytime,
madeanapplicationforsuretyship
whichwasrejected;ifso,givethe
particularsthereof:
WhethertheSuretyis,(orhasbeen)
involvedinanycivillitigation:
WhethertheSuretyhimselfhasbeen
concernedinanycaseasanaccused
person:ifso,giveparticularsofthe
case:
(G)Anyotherparticularsinregardtothe
statusoftheSurety,orhisincome
andassets,whichtheSuretymay
desiretogive:

3. Iproducethefollowingproofinsupportofmystatement,andgiveparticulars
ofthesameasbelow:
(Rentbillsofplaceofresidence)
(RationCard)
(Rentbillsofplaceofbusiness)
(Deedofpartnershiporotherdocumentsrelatingtobusiness)
(Certificatefromtheemployer)
(CertificateofamountintheprovidentFund)
(Titledeedsofproperties)
(Municipalbilloftheproperties)
(Bankpassbooks)
(Incometaxpaymentreceipts)
(Otherproof):
AsperSubrule5AofRule14,Ihavefurnishedoneofthedocumentmentioned
below:
1)Passport.
2)IdentityCardIssuedbytheElectionCommissionofIndia.
3)PermanentAccountNumberCard,i.e.PANcardissuedbytheIncome
Tax
Department.
4)ATM/DebitCard,orCreditCardissuedbyanyNationalisedorPrivate
BankonStandingattheNationalLevel,havingphotographoftheholder
thereon.
5) Identity Card issued by the Government Authorities or the Public
StatutoryCorporations.
6)Anysuchdocument,whichisordinarilyissuedbyanAuthorityafter
dueverificationoftheidentityofthepersonandhisaddress,whichthe
JudgeortheMagistratemaythinkjustandproper,intheinterestofjustice,
byrecordingspecificreason.
4. IpraythatImaybeacceptedasaSuretyfortheabovementionedAccusedin
thesumofRs...................................(inwords)
5. IherebydeclarethatIhavenotstoodsuretyinanyotherpendingcaseorcases.
Solemnlyaffirmedat
thisdaydayof19(SignatureofSurety)
(Identifiedby..........................................................Advocate)
Beforeme,
Judge/Magistrate,

Court
6. AttentionoftheMagistratesisdrawntotheHighCourtCircularNo.E4110/
54,datedthe21stSeptember1955,whichisreproducedverbatimbelow:
TheirLordshiparepleasedtodirectthatallCriminalCourtsshouldkeep
alistofsuretiesintheproceedingthatcomeupbeforethem.Acopyofthislist,
alphabeticallyarranged,shouldbesenteverymonthtotheSessionsCourt.From
theselistsreceivedfromthesubordinateCourts,theSessionsCourtshould
prepare
aconsolidatedalphabeticallistofsuretiesafteraddingtoitthenamesofsureties
intheproceedingsbeforeitself.Additionswillcontinuetobemadetothislist
everymonthasnameswillbereceivedfromtheSubordinateCourts.Thislist
maybecalledlistAforreference.Immediatelyapersonisfoundtohave
beensuretyfortwodifferentaccusedpersonsintwodifferentmattersinthislist,
therewouldbeacaseforbringinghisnameonanotherconsolidatedlist,which
maybecalledlistBforreference,keptforthewholeDistrictsothathisactivi
tieswillbewatched.UnlesshisnameisbroughtonsuchalistandeachCourt
hasgotacopyofthelist(ListB),oneCourtwouldnotknowwhatthesuretyis
doinginotherCourtsanditwouldbealongtimebeforetheCourtscometoknow
thatanypersonis,asamatteroffact,workingasaprofessionalsurety.Each
Courtshouldalsobeinformedeverymonthoftheadditions,ifany,madetothis
list.Officersinchargeoftheworkofacceptingsuretiesshouldrefertothislist
(ListB)beforeacceptingasurety,andtheyareadvisedtorejectthebailofany
personwho,theyfeel,isstandingsuretyforanaccusedperson,forconsideration.
BoththelistsAandB,asaforesaid,shouldbemaintainedinthefollowing
form:
DateNameofSuretyCriminalCaseNo.
123
7. AttentionoftheMagistratesisdrawntoSection446readwithsection421of
theCodeofCriminalProcedure,1973,whichdoesnotprovideforsentenceof
impri
sonmentinCivilJailfornonpaymentoftheforfeitedbondamountifthesame
cannotberecoveredbyattachementofpropertyofthesurety.
1. ThefollowinginstructionsareissuedbyGovernmentregardingissueof
solvencycertificateforproductioninCriminalCourts:
RevenueOfficersnotbelowtherankofNaibTahsildar(exercisingpowers
of
Tahsildar)areauthorisedtoissueCertificateofSolvencytothepartiesfor
productionintheCriminalCourtsonpaymentoffeesofRs..2per

Certificate,for
whichpurposethefollowinglimitsareprescribedfortheRevenueOfficers
in
exercisingtheirpowersinthatbehalf:
(i)NaibTahsildar(exercisingpowersofuptoRs.25,000
Tahsildars).
(ii)Tahsildars..............AboveRs.25,000butnotexceeding
Rs.1,00,000
(iii)SubDivisionalOfficers.........AboveRs.1,00,000butnotexceeding
Rs.5,00,000
(iv)Collectors............AboveRs.5,00,000
ThesaidfeesshouldberecoveredintheshapeofCourtfeestamps.
EveryapplicationforasolvencycertificateshouldbeaffixedwithaCourt
feestampof65paiseandaccompaniedbyanaffidavitshowingreasons
whythe
certificateissoughtandbythefollowingdocuments,whichshouldbe
obtained
bythepartiesattheircostsfromtheofficersconcerned:
(a)inthecaseofagriculturallands;KhataUtaraandExtractfromRecords
of
Rights.
(b)inthecaseofnonagriculturallandsandimmoveableproperties:A
state
mentregardingthedetailsofthepropertyanditsestimatedprice.
Inthecaseofagriculturallands,theRevenueOfficersshouldissuethe
Solvency
CertificateonthebasisofklthePanchvaluationofthelandandsuchother
enquiryastheRevenueOfficerconcernedmaywishtomake.
RevenueOfficersconcernedshould,onreceiptoftheapplication,issuethe
Certificateafterholdingnecessaryinquiryasexpeditiouslyaspossible.
(2)TheAdivasisareexemptedfromthepaymentofprescribedfeeofRs.2
for
theissueofSolvencyCertificaterequiredforproductioninCriminal
Courtsand
alsofromthestampdutychargeableonaffidavitsexecutedbythemforthe
purposeofobtainingSolvencyCertificates.
ThetermAdivasismeansandincludesallthemembersbelongingtothe
ScheduledTribesspecifiedinSectionIIoftheScheduleaccompanying

GovernmentResolution,PoliticalandServicesDepartment,No.
490/46,datedthe
1stNovember1950,asamendedfromtimetotime.
IdentificationParades
1. ItisnotdesirablethatJudicialOfficersshouldassociatethemselveswith
identificationparades.AllCivilJudgesandJudicialMagistrates
are,therefore,
directedthattheyshouldnotparticipateinidentificationparadeswhichare
conductedbythepoliceforinvestigationpurposes.Inthis
connection,orderin
theGovernmentCircular,HomeDepartment,No.MIS.1054/84588,dated
the
22ndApril1955,isreproducedbelowfortheinformationoftheCivil
Judges
andJudicialMagistrates:
IntheJudgmentdeliveredbytheSupremeCourtinRamkishanVersus
BombayState(A.I.R.1955S.C.104),ithasbeenheldthatstatementsmade
beforepoliceOfficersbywitnessesatthetimeofidentificationparadesare
statementstothePolice,andassucharehitbysection162oftheCodeof
CriminalProcedure,1898.Inviewofthatruling,itisnecessarythatsuch
paradesarenotconductedinthepresenceofPoliceOfficers.The
alternativeistotakethehelpoftheMagistratesorleavethematterinthe
handsofpanch
witnesses.Therewouldbeseriousdifficultiesinpanchwitnesses
conducting
paradessuccessfully.InregardtoMagistrates,itisnotfeasibletoassociate
JudicialMagistrateswithsuchparades.TheonlyPracticable
course,therefore,
istoconducttheparadesunderExecutiveMagistratesandHonorary
Magistrates(notdoingjudicialwork).Governmentisaccordinglypleased
todirectthatthePoliceOfficersconcernedshouldobtainthehelpof
Executive
MagistratesandHonoraryMagistratesinholdingidentificationparades.

2. TheMagistratesholdingidentificationparadesshouldfollowalltheguidelines
givenbelowwhichareillustrativeandmaynotbeexhaustive.Exerciseofthe

discre
tionoftheOfficerconcernedwouldbethesolecriterion.Thefollowingprinciples
enumeratedbyArchboldinhistreatiseCriminalpleading,Evidenceandpractice
wouldmutatismutandisapplytotheidentificationparades,withsuitable
variations
consistentwithourlawanddecidedcases.
(a)Theobjectofanidentificationparadeistomakesurethattheabilityofthe
witnesstorecognisethesuspecthasbeenfairlyandadequatelytested.
(b)Itshouldbefairandseemtobefairandeveryprecautionmustbetakento
excludeanysuspicionofunfairnessorriskoferroneousidentificationthroughthe
l
witnessesattentionbeingdirectedspeciallytothesuspectedpersonsinsteadof
equallytoallthepersonstobeparaded.
TheOfficerconcernedwiththecaseagainstthesuspect,ifpresent,mustnot
takepartinconductingtheparade.
(d)Theparadeshouldbearrangedbyanofficerwhoisnotpoliceofficer.
(e)Afterthecommencementoftheidentificationparade,everythinginrespect
ofitshouldtakeplaceinthepresenceandhearingofthesuspect,includingany
instructiontothewitnessesattendingitastotheprocedurethatistobeadopted.
(f)Allunauthorisedpersonsshouldbestrictlyexcludedfromtheplaceof
identificationparade.
(g)TheWitnessesshouldbepreventedfromseeingthesuspectbeforeheis
paradedwithotherpersons,andwitnesseswhohavepreviouslyseenaphotograph
ordescriptionofthesuspectshouldnotbeledintoidentifyingthesuspectby
reasonoftheirrecollectionofthephotographordescription,asforinstanceby
beingshownthephotographordescriptionshortlybeforetheparade.
(h)Thesuspectshouldbeplacedamongpersons(ifpracticableeightormore)
whoareasfaraspossibleofthesameage,height,generalappearance(including
standardofdressandgrooming)andpositioninlife.Twosuspectsofroughlyof
similarappearanceshouldbeparadedwithatleasttwelveotherpersons.Where,
however,thetwosuspectsarenotsimilarinappearanceorwheretherearemore
thantwosuspects,separateparadesshouldbeheldusingdifferentpersonson
eachparade.
(i)Allmembersofagroupofsuspectsmorethantwoshouldnotbeparaded
together.Thereshouldbemoreparadesthanone,eachincludingnotmorethan
two.Twosuspectsofobviouslydissimilarappearanceshouldnotbeincludedin
thesameparade.Identificationnumbersshouldbeconcealed.
(j)TheSuspectshouldbeallowedtoselecthisownpositioninthelineandshould

beexpresslyaskedifhehasanyobjectiontothepersonspresentwithhimorthe
arrangementsmade.Heshouldbeinformedthatifhesodesire,heshouldhave
hisAdvocate(orafriend)presentattheidentificationparade.
(k)Thewitnessesshouldbeintroducedonebyoneand,onleaving,should
notbeallowedtocommunicatewithwitnesseswaitingtoseethepersonsparaded;

andthesuspectshouldbeinformedthatheisfreetochangehispositionafter
eachwitnesshasleft.
l. Thewitnessshouldbeaskedwhetherthepersonhehascometoidentify
isontheparade.Heshouldbetoldthatifhecannotmakeapositive
identification,
itisopenforhimtosayso.
(m)Generally,awitnessshouldbeaskedtotouchanypersonwhomhe
purportstoidentify,butifthewitnessisnervousattheprospectofhavingtodo
that(incaseswherethewitnessisawomanorachildwhohasbeenvictimof
asexualorviolentassaultorotherfrighteningexperience)andifprefersnotto
touchtheperson,identificationbypointingoutshouldbepermitted.
(n)Ifawitnessindicatessomeone,butisunabletoidentifyhimpositively,this
factshouldbecarefullynotedbytheofficerconductingtheparadeandeveryother
circumstance,(Suchaswhetherthesuspectoranyotherpersonisidentifiedornot
),
connectedwithitshouldbenoted.
(o)Ifanyrequestismadebyawitness,forexampletoseethesuspectwithhis
hatonorhishatoffortoseethepersonwalkortohearthepersonspeakand
therebeingnoobjectiontothepersonparadedasaskedfor,theincidentshould
berecorded.
(p)Whereaparadehastobeheldinprison,aprisonofficershouldbepresent
throughoutinchargeofthedisciplineoftheprisonerswhowouldtakepart.
Otherwise,thepoliceofficerunconnectedwiththecase,oughttoberesponsible
fortheparade.Itmustbeensuredthattheparadeisconductedinthesameway
asaparadeoutsideprison.
(3)InorderthattheproceedingsoftheIdentificationparadesarerecorded
properly
andinconformitywiththejudicialrequirements,GovernmentofMaharashtra,
HomeDepartmenthaveissuedCircularNo.PRO2460/16653IX,datedthe16th
August1963,andlaiddownthefollowingprocedurewhichincludesthewriting
upofamemorandumintheformgivenbelow.

ProcedureforholdingIdentificationparades
(i)AnExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrate,ifcalleduponforthepurpose
ofholdinganIdentificationparade,shouldrememberthatheisthepersonwho
conductsltheparade;hewillbeinfullandsolechargeoftheentireproceedings.
(ii)TheExecutiveMagistrate/HonoaryMagistrateshouldfirstacquainthim
self,verybriefly,withthefactsofthecaseandfindoutwhoistobeputinthe
paradeforidentificationandwhoarethewitnessestobecalledupfor
identification.
(iii)Twoindependentrespectablepersons(notbeingpersonsconnectedwith
thepolice),shouldbefirstcalledup.ThePolicethemselveswillhavenormally
arrangedtocallupsuchpersons;buttheExecutiveMagistrate./Honorary
Magistratewillquestionthemandsatisfyhimselfthattheyareindependentand
fairlyintelligentpersons.Inorderthattheymayfollowtheproceedings
intelligently,
theExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrateshouldacquaintthem,briefly,
withthefactsofthecaseandastowhoissoughttobeidentifiedandwhoare
tocomeforidentification.
(iv)Theparadeshouldthenbearrangedinaroomorplacewhichissuch
thattheidentifyingwitnesses,aswellasthepersonsconnectedwiththepolice,
shouldnotbeabletolookintoit.
(v)Ifthereisonlyoneaccusedpersontobeidentified,thereshouldbeatleast
halfadozenpersonsplacedintheparade.Iftwoaccusedpersonsaretobe
identified,thenthereshouldbeabout10or12personsintheparade.Notmore
thantwoaccusedshouldbeplacedinanysingleidentificationparade.Normally,
thepolicethemselveswillhavecalledupthepersonstobeputintheparade;but
theExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrateshouldseethattheyarepersons
ofmoreorlessthesamephysicalappearance,andapproximatelyofthesame
age,asthepersontobeidentified.Itisdesirablethatinnocentpersonstobe
mixedshouldbedifferentforeachsuchparade.
J46412
(vi)Noperson,otherthanthepersonsintheparade,andthetworespectable
persons,shouldbeallowedtoremainintheroomwheretheidentification
proceedingsarebeingheld.Inparticular,allpoliceofficersandconstablesshould
beaskedtowithdrawthemselvescomplectlyfromtheroom.Thereisnoobjection
toanyofthemremainingoutsidetheroomorotherwiseathand,readytobe'
becalledupincasetheaccusedcreatestrouble,orincaseofemergency.They
should,however,notbevisiblefromtheroomortheplacewheretheparadeis
beingheld.

(vii)Aftertheparadeisarranged,oneofthetworespectablepersonsshould
besentuptobringtheaccusedfromthelockup.Careshouldbetakentosee
thatwhentheaccusedisbeingbroughtfromthelockup,theidentifyingwitnesses
donothaveanopportunityofseeinghim.Theyshoudbekeptinquiteadifferent
room,outofsightofthelockup.
(viii)Atthisstage,theExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrateshould
commencetowritethememorandum.Itshouldinclude:
(a)theplaceatwhich,andthedateonwhich,theparadeisbeingheldand
thetimeatwhichitwascommenced;
(b)thenames,ages,occupationsandthefulladdressesofthetworespectable
persons;
thenamesandtheapproximateagesofthepersonsstandingintheparade,
mentioningclearly,onebelowtheother,innumericalordertheirpositionsin
theparade(whichpositionstheyshouldnotbeallowedafterwardstoalter);
(d)thefactthatnopersons,otherthanthose,intheparadeandthetwo
respectablepersons,wereallowedtoremainintheroomandthatallpolice
officersandconstableswereaskedtowithdraw;and
(e)thatrespectablepersonsoandsofetchedtheaccusedfromthelockup,
andthattheidentifyingwitnesseswereinadifferentroom,sothattheycould
notseehimbeingbroughtfromthelockuptotheidentificationroom.

ix. Whentheaccusedisbrought,theExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrate
shouldaskhimtotakewhateverplacehelikesintheparade.Theplacewhich
heselectsshouldbenotedinthememorandum.Forexample,hemayelectto
standbetweennumbers3and4intheparade;landitshouldthenbenotedthat
hetookhispositionbetweenNos.3and4intheparade.Theoriginalnumbering
ofthepersonsintheparadeshouldnotbealteredsimplybecausetheaccused
hasnowjoinedin.
x. Theaccusedshouldthenbeaskedifhewantstomakeanyalteration
inhisdress.Hemaychangehiscaporcoat,orhemaydecidetoputon(or
remove)
acaporacoat.Heshouldbeallowedtodothis,andthatfactshouldbenoted
inthememorandum.Ifhedoesnotwishtochangehisdress,thenthatfact,
too,shouldbenotedinthememorandum.
xi. Thenoneoftherespectablepersonsshouldbeaskedtofetchthefirst
identifyingwitnessfromtheroominwhichhemaybesitting.Whenthewitenss
arrives,theExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrateshouldquestionhimand

ascertainfromhimwhetherhehadanopportunitytoseetheculpritatanytime
subsequenttotheoffenceorafterthearrest.Hemayeitherrecordthestatement
separatelyonmakeareferencetothatstatementinhismemorandum.The
witnessshouldthenbeaskedtoviewtheparadecarefullyandseewhetherhe
wouldbeabletoidentifytheperson,who,forinstance,stabbedhim,orwhom
hesawfiringashotfromarevolver,orwhomhesawinsidetheflatinwhich
aburglarymayhavetakenplace,or,asthecasemaybe.Theidentifyingwritness
willthengoupandlookcloselyattheparade.Ifheidentifiesanyperson,he
shouldbeaskedtogoforwardandtouchthatperson,andnotmerelytopoint
himoutfromadistance.Thisisnecessaryinorderthattheremaybenodoubt
afterwardsastowhomexactlyhehadidentified.Thefactthattheidentifying'
witnessidentifiedtheaccused,shouldbenotedinthememorandum(alongwith
thenameoftheaccused)and,ofcourse,alsoifhefailedtoidentifyhimor
identified
awrongperson.Itshouldfurtherbenotedwhetherthewitnessidentifiedthe
accusedstraightwayoraftersomehesitationorafterfirstpointingoutawrong
personandthencorrectinghimselfandpointingouttheaccused.Whenthisis
over,theidentifyingwitnessshouldbeaskedtogoawayintoadifferentroom
andnottocontacttheremainingidentifyingwitnesses.Hemayevenbeasked
togoaway.
xii.Afterheleavestheroom,theaccusedshouldbeaskedonceagain,whether
hedesirestochangehisplaceintheparade.Ifhechangeshisplace,itshould
benotedinthememorandum,and,alsoifhedeclinestodoso.Heshouldbe
asked,again,ifhewantstochangehisdress;anddifhedoesso,orifhedeclines
todoso,thatfactshouldalsobenotedinthememorandum.
xiii.Thenoneoftherespectablepersonsshouldbeaskedtofetchthesecond
identifyingwitness.Inregardtotheidentificationbyhimalso,thesameprocedure
shouldbegonethroughasinthecaseofthefirstidentifyingwitness,the
memorandumbeingalsowrittenupsidebyside.
xiv.Thisprocedureshouldbefollowedforeachsubsequentidentifyingwitness.
xv.Afteralltheidentifyingwitnesseshavethusbeenexhaustedoneafterthe
other,thememorandumshouldbewoundupbystatingthetimeatwhichitwas
concluded.Thenthememorandumshouldbereadoverandexplainedtothe
respectablepersonsinlanguagewhichtheyunderstand.Iftherespectablepersons
knowEnglishwell,thentheyshouldbeaskedinaddition,toreadoverthememo
randumforthemselves.
xvi.Afterthememorandumiscompleted,theExecutiveMagistrate/Honorary

Magistrateshouldmakethefollowingendorsementattheend:
Identificationparadewasconductedbymepersonallywiththehelpofthe
tworespectablewitnesses,namelyShri.........................................................and
Shri..........................................................whosesignaturehavebeenobtained
intokenofwhattranspiredintheirpresence,andshallsignbelowthisendorse
mentandputthedatebelowhissignature.Thereshallbeanotherendorsement
tothefollowingeffect:
Wereadabovememorandum(oritwasexplainedtous)anditdepictsthe
correctstateofaffairsasstatedinthememorandum,andheshallobtainthe
signatureofthetworespectablepersonswithwhosehelpheheldthe
identificationparade.
xvii.TheExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistratehimselfshouldalsosign
everysheetofthememorandum.
xviii.Allcorectionsandinterlineationsinthememorandumshouldbe
initialledbytheExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrate.
xix.Thememorandumshouldthenbehandedovertothepoliceofficer
concerned.
xx.Careshouldbetakentoseethatatnostageoftheproceedingspoliceofficer
oranypoliceconstablecomesintotheroominwhichtheparadeisbeingheld.
Thepoliceshouldnotbeallowedtointerferewiththeproceedings,whichare
entirelytobeconductedbytheExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrate.It
willbeadvisabletonoteinthememorandumitselfthatnopoliceofficeror
consta
blewaspresentatanytimeduringtheentireproceedingsoftheidentification
parade.
xxi.Themostimportantpartofthememorandumwillbethestatementsmade
bytheidentifyingwitnesses.Theseshouldbeverycarefullyrecorded,alongwith
thequestionsaskedtotheidentifyingwitnesses.(Thisrecordingneednotbeinthe
questionandanswerform).Forexample,anidentifyingwitnessmaybeaskedif
J46412a
heisabletoidentifyanyoneintheparadeasthepersonwhofiredtheshot,and
the
identifyingwitnessmaypointouttheaccusedandmayaddthatitwasnotthe
accusedwhoactuallyfired,butthattheaccusedwasstandingbythesideofthe
man
whohadfiredtheshot.Inthatcase,whatevertheidentifyingwitnessstates,should
becarefullynoted,asfaraspossibleinhiswords(translatedintoEnglish).

xxii.Ifmorethanoneaccusedareplacedinparade,theninthememorandum
theyshouldnotbereferredtoasAccusedNo.1AccusedNo.2,etc,but
theyshouldbereferredtobytheirfullnames.
xxiii.ThememorandumshouldbewritteninthelanguageoftheCourt.
xxiv.Atthehearingofthecase,theExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistrate
whoheldtheparadeandwroteoutthememorandummaybecalledupontogive
evidence.Inthatcase,heshouldstateexactlywhathappened.Hehasaright
torefreshhismemorybyreferringtothememorandumwhichhehadhimself
prepared.
xxv.FortheguidanceoftheExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistratel
amodelformisattachedherewith.
xxvi.TheExecutiveMagistrate/HonoraryMagistatearerequestedtoconsult
theDistrictMagistrateofthedistrictconcernedonanymatterofdoubtor
difficulty
inregardtotheholdingofIdentificationparades.
MEMORANDUM
OFANIDENTIFICATIONPARADEHELDAT
THE.............................................
POLICESTATION
ON........................................THE............................19................
I,Shri.................................................................................SubDivisional/Taluka/
HonoraryMagistrate,wascalledupontoholdanIdentificationparadeandthisis
thememorandumofwhattookplaceatthatparade.
I,theundersignedSubDivisionalTaluka/HonoraryMagistate,heldtheIdenti
ficationparadeinthepresenceofthetworespectablepersonswhosenamesand
other
particularsaregivenasunder:
1.(name)................................................................(age)about.........................years
(Occupation)
(FullAddress)
2.(name)...............................................................(age)about............................years
(Occupation)
(FullAddress)
Theparadewascommencedat(time)
Thefollowingpersonsstoodintheparade:
(Name)(age)about
years.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Nopersons,otherthanthoseintheparade,myself,theabovenamedtworespectable
persons,remainedintheroom.AllPoliceofficersandconstableswereaskedto
withdrawthemselvescompletelyfromtheroom.
TheWitnesseswhohadbeencalledtoidentifytheAccusedweremadetositin
aseparateroomwherefromtheplacewheretheIdentificationparadelwasheld,was
notvisibletothewitnesses:
ThenIaskedoneofthetworespectablepersonsabovenamed,viz.....................to
fetchtheAccused,(Name).................................................................fromthelockup.
Whilstbeingbroughttotheroom,Itookprecautiontoseethatitwasnotpossible
fortheidentifyingwitnessestoseetheAccusedwhenhewasbeingtakenfromthe
lockuptotheplaceofidentficationandIalsotookprecautiontoseethatthelockup
wasnotvisiblefromtheroomwherethewitnessesweremadetosit.
Theaccusedwasthenaskedtotakewhateverplacehelikedintheparade.He
stoodbetweennumbers.............................and....................intheparade.
Hewasthenaskedifhewantedtomakeanyalterationsinhisdress.(Herestate
whateveralterationshemade.Ifhemadenoalteration,stateTheaccuseddeclined
tomakeanychangeinhisdress
ThenIaskedoneoftherespectableperson:,viz...........................................................
tofetchtheidentifyingwitnessesandaccordinglyhewenttotheroomwherethe
witnesswassittingandbroughthimtotheplaceofidentification.Thenameofthis
witnessis....................................................................
Iaskedthatwitnesstoviewtheparadecarefully,toseewhetherhecouldidentify
theperson(whohadstabbedhimorasthecasemaybe).
Theidentifyingwitnesswentroundandlookedcloselyattheparadeandidentified
theAccused,whogavenameas.......................................................,astheperson
whohadstabbedhim(withaknife),onthe(date)............................................19
(or,whohadheldthewitness,handswhilsttheAccusedscompanionhadstabbed
,thewitness,orwhateverelsetheidentifyingwitnessmayhavestated).
Or
(Theidentifyingwitnessfailedtoidentifyanyoneintheparade).
or

(Theidentifyingwitnesspointedoutawrongperson,viz.number.................in,
theparade).
Theidentifyingwitnesswasthenaskedtogoaway(ortositinadifferentroom,
andItookprecautiontoseethathelefttheplaceanddidnotgotowardstheroom
whereotherwitnessesweresittingandwhowerestilltoidentifytheAccused.
IthenaskedtheAccusedtochangehisplaceintheparadeifheliked.The
Accusedchangedhisplaceandnowstoodbetweennumbers.......and.........in
theparade,(or,theaccuseddeclinedtochangehisplaceintheparade.).
TheAccusedwasalsoaskedifhewantedtomakeanyalterationinhisdress.
(Herestatewhetherhemadeanyalterations,andifso,what.Ifhemadeno
alteration,stateTheAccuseddeclinedtomakeanychangeinhisdress).
Thereafter,Iaskedoneoftherespectablepersons,viz...................................to
fetchthesecondidentifyingwitness............................viz.................................
fromtheroomwherehewasseated.Accordingly,hebroughtthewitness.........
...................................
Iaskedthiswitnesstoviewtheparadecarefully,etc.(asinthecaseofthefirst
Witness).
.(Iffurtherwitnessesarecalledup,similarnoteshouldbemadeasregardsthe
Accusedchanging(ornotchanging)hisplaceintheparade,ormaking(ornotmaking)
anyalterationinhisdress,andasregardscallingupthefurtheridentifyingwitnesses,
andnarratingastowhathappenedwhentheywerecalledup).
Itookprecautiontoseethatnopoliceofficerorconstablewaspresentinthe
identificationroomatanytimeduringthewholeoftheproceedingsandIalsotook
precautiontoseethatnopoliceofficerorconstablewaspresentattheplaceof
identificationinordertoeliminatethepossiblityofsuggestingtothewitnessesby
anysignorgesturewhateverastowheretheAccusedhadstood.
Aftertheparadewasconcluded,thepoliceofficerconcernedwascalledin,and
theAccusedwashandedovertohimforbeingremovedtothelockup.
Theparadeconcludedat(time)............................................................
TheIdentificationparadewasconductedbymepersonallywiththehelpofthe
tworespectblewitnesses,viz................................................and..................................
............................whosesignatureshavebeenobtainedintokenofwhattookplace
intheirpresence.Theidentificationparadehasbeenheldinacorrectmanner
withoutanytutoringofwitnessesoranysuggestionstothem.
(Signature)..................................
SubDivisional/Taluka/HonoraryMagistrate,

(FulldesignationinthecaseofExecutive
Magistrate).
(Date)
Wereadtheabovememorandum(oritwasexplainedtous)anditdepictsthe
correctstateofaffairsasstatedinthememorandum.
(1(Name)............................................................(Signature)...................................
(2(Name).............................................................(Signature)...................................
(Date)
Confessions
17.Accusedpersonswilling tomakeaconfessionshouldbetakenforthe
purpose
beforeajudicialmagistrateand,wheneverpossible,beforethemagistrate
whowillnoteventuallytrythecase.
AnyMetropolitanMagistrateorJudicialMagistratemay,whetherornot
hehas
jurisdictioninthecase,recordanyconfessionorstatementmadetohimin
the
courseofaninvestigationunderthecodeofCriminalProcedure,1973or
anyother
law for the time being in force ,or at any time afterwards before the
commencement
oftheinquiryortrial,asrequiredbySection164oftheCodeofCriminal
Procedure1973.

18.ThefollowinginstructionsareissuedfortheguidanceoftheMagistrate
recordingconfessionsandstatementundersection164oftheCodeofCriminal
Procedure1973.Theyarenotintendedtofetterthediscretiongivenbythelawto
Magistrates.Theonlyobjectwithwhichtheyareissuedistoindicategenerally
the
mannerinwhichthediscretionmaybeexercised.:
(i)Intheabsenceofexceptionalreasons,confessionsshouldordinarilybe
recordedinopenCourtandduringcourthours.
(ii)Theexaminationoftheaccusedpersonimmediatelyafterthepolicebring
him into Court, is deprecated. When the accused is produced before the
magistrate,

thepoliceofficersshouldberemovedfromtheCourtroomunless,intheopinion
ofthemagistrate,thedutyofensuringtheirsafecustodycannotsafelybeleft
tootherattendants.Inthatcase,onlytheminimumnumberofpoliceofficers
necessarytosecurethesafecustodyoftheaccusedpersonshouldbeallowedto
remaininthecourtroom.
(iii)Itshouldbeimpressedupontheaccusedthatheisnolongerinpolice
custody.
(iv)Themagistrateshouldthenquestiontheaccusedwhetherhehasanycom
plainttomakeofilltreatmentagainstthepoliceorothersresponsibleforhis
arrestorcustody,andshallplaceonrecordthequestionsputandtheanswers
given.
(v)Iftheprisonermakesanallegationofilltreatment,theMagistrateshall
followthesameprocedureasislaiddowninparagraph3(1)above.
(vi)Iftheaccuseddoesnotcomplainofanyilltreatmentorimproperconduct
orinducementonthepartofthepolice,orifinspiteoftheallegedilltreatment,
misconductorinducement,headherestohisintentionofmakingaconfessional
statement,theMagistrateshouldgivetheaccusedawarningthatheisnotbound
tomaketheconfessionandthat,ifhedoesso,itwillbetakendownandmay
thereafterbeusedasevidenceagainsthim.Anoteofthewarninggiventothe
accusedshouldbekeptonrecord.
(vii)Thereafter,theMagistrateshouldgivetheaccusedareasonabletime,which
shouldordinarilynotbelessthan24hours,forreflectionincircumstancesin
whichhewouldbefreefromtheinfluenceofthepoliceandanyotherperson
interestedinhavingtheconfessionrecorded.
(viii)AftertheaccusedisproducedbeforetheMagistrateagain,itshouldbe
ascertainedfromhimwhetherheiswillingtomakeaconfession.Ifheexpresses
hisdesiretoconfess,allpoliceOfficersshouldberemovedfromtheCourtroom,
unless,intheopinionoftheMagistrate,thedutyofensuringhissafecustody
cannotsafelybeentrustedtootherattendants.Inthatcase,onlytheminimum
numberofpoliceOfficersnecessarytosecurethesafecustodyoftheaccused
personshouldbeallowedtoremainintheCourtroom.Inanycaseitisnot
desirablethatthepoliceOfficermakingtheinvestigationshouldbepresent.

ix. TheMagistrateshouldthenquestiontheaccusedpersonastothelength
oftimeduringwhichhehasbeeninthecustodyofthepolice.Itisnotsufficient
tonotethedateandhourrecitedinthepolicepapers,atwhichtheaccusedperson

issaidtohavebeenformallyarrested.
x. Theprovisionsofsections163and164oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,
1973,shouldbecarefullyattendedto.Thefirstclauseofsection163,takenwith
section24oftheIndianEvidenceAct,providesthatifaconfessioniscaused
byanyinducement,threatorpromise,offeredormade,orcausedtobeoffered
ormadebyanypoliceOfficerorpersoninauthorityinreferencetothecharge
againsttheaccusedperson,then,ifintheopinionoftheCourt,theinducement
threatorpromisewassufficienttogivetheaccusedpersongrounds,whichwould
appeartohimreasonable,forsupposingthatbymakingtheconfessionhewould
gainanyadvantageoravoidanyevilofatemporalnatureinreferencetothe
proceedingsagainsthimandunlessintheopinionoftheCourtltheimpression
causedbyanysuchinducement,threatorpromise,hasbeenfullyremoved,such
confessionisirrelevant,thatis,itcannotbeusedasevidenceinanycriminal
proceeding.
xi. Underclause(2)ofsection163,foraconfessionofanaccusedpersonmade
inthecourseofapoliceinvestigationtohaveanyvalue,itmustbeonewhich
theaccusedpersonwasdisposedtomakeofhisownfreewill.Beforerecording
anysuchconfession,theMagistrateisboundtoquestiontheaccusedperson,and
unlessuponthatquestioninghehasreasontobelievethattheconfessionis
voluntary,hecannotmakethememorandumatthefootoftherecord.Hecannot
sayIbelievethatthisconfessionwasvoluntarilymadeunlesshehasquestioned
the accused person ,and from that questioning has formed the belief not a
doubtfull
attitudeofmind,butapositivebeliefthattheconfessionisastatementwhich
theaccusedpersonwasdisposedtomakeofhisownfreewill.
xii.Beforerecordingaconfession,theMagistrateshouldquestiontheaccused
withaviewtoascertainingtheexactcircumstancesinwhichhisconfessionis
beingmadeandtheconnectionofthepolicewithitunderclauses(iv),(vi),(x)
and(xi)above.Inparticular,wheremorethanoneaccusedisinvolvedinthe
case,heshouldquestiontheaccusedwhetherhehasbeeninducedtomakea
confessionbypromisestomakehimanapproverinthecase.Anythinginthe
natureofcrossexaminationoftheaccusedistobedeprecated.Itshould,however,
betheendeavouroftheMagistrate,withouthavingrecoursetohecklingor
attemptstoentraptheaccused,torecordthestatementwithasmuchdetailas
possibleregardingthecircumstancesunderwhichtheconfessionwasbeingmade,
theextenttowhichthepolicehadanythingtodowiththeaccusedpriortohis
offer to make a confession ,as well as the fullest possible particulars of the
incidents

towhichtheconfessionrelates.Thesedetailsareimportantastheyfurnishthe
materialonwhichthevalueoftheconfessionistobeestimated;andthegreater
thedetail,thegreaterthechancesofacorrectestimate.Everyquestionandevery
answershouldberecordedinfull.
xiii.TheMagistrateshouldaddtothecertificaterequiredbysection164
theCodeofCriminalProcedure,1973astatementinhisownhand,ofthegrounds
onwhichhebelievesthattheconfessionisgenuine,theprecautionswhichhe
tooktoremovetheaccusedfromtheinfluenceofthepolice,andthetime,ifany,
giventotheaccusedforreflection.
xiv.AttentionoftheMagistratesisdrawntoSection164(3)oftheCodeof
CriminalProcedure,1973whichlaysdownthatifthepersonappearingbefore
theMagistraterefusedtomakeaconfession,theMagistrateshallnotauthorise
thedetentionofsuchpersoninpolicecustody.
xv.AttentionoftheMagistratesisinvitedtosections281and318oftheCode
ofCriminalProcedure,1973,andtothefollowingimportantobservationsmade
bytheSupremeCourtinthedecisionreportedinA.I.R.1957S.C.637(Sarwan
singhRattanSinghversusStateofPunjab)underthehead(h):
(h)DutyoftheMagistrateinrecordingstatementundersection164(3)
oftheCodeofCriminalprocedure,1898(CorrespondingSection164(2)ofthe
CodeofCriminalProcedure,1973).
Theactofrecordingconfessionsundersection164oftheCodeofCriminal
Procedureisaverysolemnactandindischarginghisdutiesunderthesaid
section,theMagistratemusttakecaretoseethattherequirementsofSub
section(3)ofSection164arefullysatisfied.Itwouldofcoursebenecessaryin
everycasetoputthequestionsprescribedbytheHighCourt...............................
butthequestionsintendedtobeputunderSubsection(3)ofsection164should
notbeallowedtobecomeamatterofmeremechanicalinquiry.Noelement
ofcasualnessshouldbeallowedtocreepinandtheMagistrateshouldbefully
satisfiedthattheconfessionalstatementwhichtheaccusedwantstomakeisin
factandinsubstancevoluntary.Thewholeobjectofputtingquestionsto
anaccusedpersonwhoofferstoconfessistoobtainanassuranceofthefactthat
theconfessionisnotcausedbyanyinducement,threatorpromisehaving
referencetothechargeagainsttheaccusedpersonasmentionedinsection24of
theEvidenceAct.
xvi.Beforeactuallyrecordingtheconfessionintheprescribedform,thefollow
ingGovernmentinstructionsissuedinGovernmentCircular,HomeDepartment,
No. PRO .2360/12501IX(1), dated the 16th March 1963 ,should also be
followed

scrupulously:
(5)AdutyiscastontheMagistratetofullysatisfyhimselfthatnosuch
inducement,threatorpromiseisgiventotheaccusedperson.Forthatpurpose,
whentheaccusedisagainproducedberetheMagistrateafterthetimegiven
forreflectionisover,theMagistratehasagaintoascertainfromtheaccused
whetherhehasanycomplainttomakeofilltreatmentagainstthepoliceorothers
responsibleforhisarrestorcustodyandthenhehastocautionhimagainthat
heisnotboundtomakeconfessionandthatifhedoessoitwouldbetaken
downandmaythereafterbeusedasevidenceagainsthim.Hemust,byputting
questions,trytoascertainwhethertheaccusedhasagreedtomaketheconfession
becauseheisundertheimpressionthathewouldgainanyadvantageandwhether
suchimpressionhasbeencausedbyaninducement,threatorpromise.Before
recordinganysuchconfession,theMagistrateisboundtoquestiontheaccused
person,andunlessuponsuchquestioninghehasreasontobelievethatconfession
isvoluntary,hecannotmakeamemorandumatthefootoftherecordtoeffect:
Ibelievethatthisconfessionwasvoluntarilymade.Thus,agreatresponsi
bilityisthrownontheMagistratewhilerecordingconfessionanditisnot
desirablethatheshouldobservetheformalitiesonlygivenintheprintedform
butheshouldobservethespiritandforthatpurposeheshouldnotbeahurryin
startingtorecordtheconfessionbutheshouldputforwardeveryendeavourto
satisfybyfullyquestioningtheaccusedastowhetherheismakingtheconfession
voluntarily.Withthisobjectinview,heshouldputasmanyasquestionsas
possibleandthosequestionswillbeofthefollowingtype:
(1)Whydoyouwanttomakeaconfession?
(2)Haveyouanycomplainttomakeofilltreatmentagainstthepoliceor
othersresponsibleforyourarrestorcustody?
(3)Hasanybodyimpresseduponyouthatbymakingaconfessionyou
wouldbesetfreeoryouwouldbegivenlesserpunishment?
(4)Hasthepoliceoranypersoninauthorityofferedyouanyinducementfor
makingthisconfession?
(5)Hasthepoliceoranypersoninauthoritygivenyouanythreatinconse
quenceofwhichyouintendtomakethisconfession?
(6)Hasthepoliceoranypersoninauthoritygivenyouanypromiseas
aresultofwhichyouwanttomaketheconfession?
(7)Ihadgivenyoutimeforreflectionanddoyoufeelthatnowyouhave
fullyreflectedandnowyouarepreparedtomakeconfessionnotbecause
somebodyhasaskedyoutodoso,butbecauseyouhavechosentodoso
voluntarilyandofyourownfreewill?

(8)Doyourealisethatinlawyouarenotboundtomakeaconfessionand
thatifyoudoso,Ishalltakeitdownandthesamewillbeusedasevidence
againstyou?
(9)DoyourealisethatIamnotapartandparcelofthepolicemachinery
andthatIamaMagistratetowhomyoucanexplainyourdifficultiesand
grievancesfreelybeforeyoufinallymakeupyourmindtogivetheconfession?
(10)Doyouwanttoopenyourheartanddisclosetomeyourdifficulties
andgrievances,ifany?
(11)DoyourealisethatIamnotheretoforceyoutomakeconfessionbut
Iamheretofindoutwhetheryouwanttomakeaconfessionofyourown
freewillandvoluntarily?
(6)Thus,afterfullysatisfyinghimselfthattheaccusedwantstomake
aconfessionvoluntarilywithoutanyinducement,threatorpromise,theMagi
strateshouldproceedtorecordtheconfession.Suchstatementshouldbe
recordedasprovidedinsection164readwithsection364oftheCodeofCriminal
procedure(videAppendixIIhereof)andtheMagistrateshouldseethateach
andeveryrequirementofthesesectionsisscrupuloslymetwith.Asfaras
possible,suchstatementshouldberecordedinthelanguageoftheaccusedandif
thatisnotpracticable,theninthelanguageoftheCourtorinEnglish;andsuch
recordshallbeshownorreadouttotheaccusedor,ifhedoesnotunderstand
thelanguageinwhichitiswritten,shallbeinterpretedtohiminthelanguage
inwhichheunderstands,andheshallbeatlibertytoexplainoraddtohis
answers.Everyquestionputtotheaccusedandeveryanswergivenbyhim
shallberecordedinfull.Inordertoobtainclarification,theMagistratemay
puthimrelevantquestionsbutsuchquestionsshallnotbeinthenatureof
crossexamination.Whentherecordiscomplete,itshallbesignedbythe
accusedandtheMagistratewhoshallcertifyunderhisownhandthattheexami
nationwastakeninhispresenceandhearingandthatrecordcontainsafulland
trueaccountofthestatementsmadebytheaccused.Atthefootofsuchstate
ment,theMagistrateshallmakeamemorandumtothefollowingeffect:
Ihaveexplainedto....................................................................................that
heisnotboundtomakeaconfessionandthat,ifhedoesso,anyconfession
hemaymakebeusedasevidenceagainsthimandIbelievethatthisconfession
wasvoluntarilymade.Itwastakeninmypresenceandhearing,andwasread
overtothepersonmakingitandadmittedbyhimtobecorrect,anditcon
tainsafullandtrueaccountofthestatementmadebyhim.
(7)TheMagistratesshouldbearinmindthatfailureontheirparttotake
immediatestepstowardsrecordingtheconfessionoftheaccusedonreceiptof

aYadifromtheInvestigatingOfficeroftendamagestheprosecutioncase
and,assuch,thepriorityshouldalwaysbegiventotherecordingofconfessions.
(xvii)Theconfessionshouldberecordedinthefollowingform:
FORMOFRECORDINGCONFESSION
BeforeShri...................................................................................................................
MagistrateoftheFirstClass,Taluka..............................District.................................
(1)Theaccused.......................................................................................s/o...............
ageabout.................years........................isbroughtby...............................................
PoliceHeadConstable/SubInspectorbeforemeatmyCourt...................................
at.....................a.m./p.mtohavehisconfessionrecorded,aletter/memoisgivento
medated...............................fromthe......................................whichisattached
totherecord.
................................haveascertainedthattheoffencewascommittedat(place)
........................................on.........................................................................(day)
at........................a.m./p.m.
2. The accused is placed in custody of my peon/Armed police
Constable..............
...........................................and the police (sub) Inspector /Head
Constableis
directedtoleavethepremises.Ihavesatisfiedmyselfthatthereis
nopoliceman
intheCourtorinanyplacewheretheproceedingcouldbeseenor
heardexcept
sucharmedpolice,notconcernedintheinvestigationofthecrime,
asarenecessarytoguardtheaccused.
N.B.Everyquestionandeveryanswershouldberecordedinfull.
Thesignatureormarkoftheaccusedpersonmustbeaffixedtotheconfession
TheMagistratemustmakethedeclarationatthefootoftherecordoftheconfession
requiredbysection164(3)oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,1973andclause
xiii.above.
3. Theaccusedisinformedthatheisnolongerinpolicecustody,andis
asked
whetherhehastomakeanycomplaintofilltreatment,againstthepolice
orothers
responsibleforhisarrestorcustody.Hereplies:
PARTI

QuestionNo.1IamaMagistrateandhavenoconcernwiththepolice.Have
youunderstood?
Answer
QuestionNo.2Youarenownolongerinpolicecustody.Haveyouunder
stood?
Answer
QuestionNo.3Haveyouanycomplaintofilltreatmentagainstthepoliceor
otherpersonsresponsibleforyourarrestorcustody?
Answer
QuestionNo.4Idesiretoexamineyourperson.Doyouconsenttoit?
Answer
Theresultoftheexaminationisthis,namely:
QuestionNo.5Doyouwishtomakeanystatement?
Answer
QuestionNo.6Youarenotboundtomakeastatementorthereisnocompul
sionthatyoushouldmakeastatement.Haveyouunder
stood?
Answer
QuestionNo.7.Ifyoumakeastatementthenitwillbetakendownanditmay
beusedagainstyouasevidence.Haveyouunderstoodthis?
Answer
QuestionNo.8.Hereafteryouwillnotbekeptinthecustodyofthepolice.
Haveyouunderstood?
Answer
QuestionNo.9.Havethepoliceoranyotherpersonthreatenedyoutomake
astatement?
Answer
QuestionNo.10.Havethepoliceoranyotherpersonpromisedyouthatlesser
punishmentwillbeawardedtoyouifyoumakeastatement
orthatyouwillbeacquitted?
Answer

QuestionNo.11.Havethepoliceoranyotherpersongivenyouanyallure
menttomakestatement?
Answer
(Incasethereareothercoaccused).

QuestionNo.12.Havethepoliceoranyotherpersongivenyoupromisethat
ifyoumakeastatementthenyouwillbemadewitnessfor
theprosecutioninthecase?
Answer
QuestionNo.13.Doyoustilldesiretomakeastatement?
Answer
QuestionNo.14.Whendiditfirstoccurtoyouthatyoushouldmakeaconfess
ionandwhydiditoccurtoyou?
Answer
QuestionNo.15.Whyareyoumakingaconfession?
Answer
QuestionNo.16Beforeyoumakeanystatementyouaregiven24hourstime
forreflection.YouarekeptinMagisterialcustodyand
youwillnotbekeptinpolicecustody.Haveyouunder
stoodallthis?
Answer
Theaccusedisinformedthathejisgiven24hourstimeforreflection.
HeisfurtherinformedthatheiskeptinMagisterialcustodyand
notinpolicecustody,andisaccordinglyremandedtoMagisterial
custody.Heshallagainbeproducedbeforemeon.....................at
a.m./p.m.
(Signature),......................
Magistrate.
Dated

PARTII
5. The accused is brought before me again on ..................................
at..........................
a.m./p.mincustodyof............................
IhavesatisfiedmyselfthatthereisnopolicemanintheCourtorinany
place
whence the proceedings could be heard or seen,except such armed
police,notcon
cernedintheinvestigation,asarenecessarytoguardtheaccused.
10.Theaccusedisaskeddetailsastothelengthoftimeduringwhichandthe
place

wherehehasbeenincustodyorsurveillanceofthepolice.Herepliesas
follows:
QuestionNo.1.Whenwereyouarrestedbythepolice?
Answer

QuestionNo.2Atwhatplacethepolicearrestedyou?
Answer
QuestionNo.3Wereyoukeptbythepoliceundersurveillance?Ifyes,since
whenandwhere?
Answer
QuestionNo.4Sincewhenyouareinthecustodyofthepolice?
Answer
QuestionNo.5Atwhatplacesyouwerekeptbythepolice?
Answer
7. Underclauses(iv),(vi),(x)and(xi)ofparagraph18ofChapterIofthe
Criminal
Manual,theaccusedisexaminedasfollowsinordertoascertainwhether,
he
isdisposedtomakeaconfessionofhisownfreewill:
QuestionNo.6.Doyouwishtomakeastatement?
Answer
QuestionNo.7.Youweregiven24hourstimeforreflection.Wasitsufficient?
Answer
QuestionNo.8Youarenotboundtomakeastatementandthereisnocom
pulsionthatyoushouldmakeastatement.Haveyou
understoodthis?
Answer
QuestionNo.9.Ifyoumakeastatementthenitwillberecordedandthesame
islikelytobeusedasevidenceagainstyou.Haveyou
understood?
Answer
QuestionNo.10.Evenifyourefusetomakeastatementyouwillnotbekeptin
policecustody.Haveyouunderstoodthis?
Answer
QuestionNo.11.Havethepoliceoranyotherpersonthreatenedyoutomake
astatement?
Answer

QuestionNo.12.Havethepoliceoranyotherpersonpromisedyouthatlesser
punishmentwillbeawardedtoyouoryouwillbeacquitted
ifyoumakeastatement?
Answer
QuestionNo.13Havethepoliceoranyotherpersonpromisedyouthatif
youmakeastatementyouwillbemadeawitnessforthe
prosecution?
Answer
QuestionNo.14Havethepoliceoranyotherpersongivenyouanyallurement
tomakeastatement?
Answer
QuestionNo.15.Areyounowwillingtomakeastatementvoluntarilyandof
yourownfreewill?
Answer
QuestionNo.16Youcantellmeyourcomplaintsordifficulties,ifany,Have
youunderstood?
Answer
QuestionNo.17.Iamnotheretorecordyourstatementbycompulsion.Iam
heretorecordyourstatementifyouarewillingtomakeit
voluntarilyandofyourownfreewill.Haveyouunder
stoodthis?
Answer
Aftersatisfactionthattheaccusedismakingthestatementvoluntarily
andofhisownfreewill,Ihaverecordeditasfollows:
DONOTADMINISTEROATH.
CertificateI(InthehandwritingoftheMagistrate)
Certifiedthattheaboveconfessionwasrecordedinmypresenceandhearingand
therecordcontainsafullandtrueaccountofthestatementmadebytheaccused.
(Signature)......................
Magistrate
Dated:
CertificateII:
Ihaveexplainedto................(Name)thatheisnotboundtomake
confessionandthat,ifhedoesso,anyconfessionhemaymakemaybeusedas
evidenceagainsthimandIbelievethatthisconfessionwasvoluntarilymade.Itwas

takeninmypresenceandhearingandwasreadovertothepersonmakingitand
admittedbyhimtobecorrectanditcontainsafullandtrueaccountofthestatement
madebyhim.
(Signature)......................
Magistrate
Dated:
CertificateIII(InthehandwritingoftheMagistrate).
Icertifythatonthefollowinggrounds,Ibelievethattheconfessionisgenuine;
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Ihadtakenthefollowingprecautionstoremovetheaccusedfromtheinfluenceof
police:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Ihadgiventheaccused............hourstimeforreflectionbeforerecording
theconfession.

(Signature )..........................
Magistrate
Dated:
8. The accused after his confession has been recorded by me, is remanded to
Judicial Custody and forwarded to the Sub-Jail.
(Signature )....................
Magistrate
Dated :
(The above form does not fetter the discretion of the Magistrate to ask such other
questions as are considered necessary in a particular case, but incriminating questions
should never be asked)
19.After a prisoner has made a confession ,he should ordinarily be committed
to jail ,and the Magistrate should note on the warrant for the information of
the
Superintendent of the Jail concerned, that the prisoner has made a
confession.
22.It is not feasible absolutely to prohibit the return of a prisoner to police
custody after he has made a confession. An absolute prohibition of
remands to
police custody in such cases is impracticable ,since the prisoner may be

required to
identify persons or property ,to assist at the discovery of property or,
generally to be present while his statement is being verified. But it is
desirable that discretion should be used in the exercise of the power to
remand,and the following principles are accordingly laid down for the
guidance of the Magistrate :--(a) A remand to police custody should not be made unless the officer making
the application is able to show good and satisfactory grounds for it ; a general
statement that the accused may be able to give further information should not be
accepted as being in itself a sufficient reason for remand.
(b) If the object of the remand is the verification of the prisoners statement ,
he should ordinarily be remanded to Magistrerial custody.
The period of the remand should always be as short as possible .
(d) A prisoner who has been produced for the purpose of making a confession
and has made a statement ,which from the point of view of the prosecution ,is
unsatisfactory ,should in no circumstances be remanded to police custody.
21.The police may be permitted to take copies of confessions recorded by
Magistrates.
23.Any instance of misconduct or abuse of authority by a police Officer ,
which
may come to the notice of a Mgistrate ,shall be reported to the Sessions
Judge to
whom the Magistrate is subordinate . The Sessions Judge, on receipt of
such a report ,should bring the matter to the notice of the District
Magistrate for such action as he may deem fit. In cases of gross
misconduct ,if the Sessions Judge finds
that appropriate action has not been taken against the Officer concerned, he
may bring the matter to the notice of the High Court.
23.The following orders issued by Government are reproduced for the information of the Magistrates:--(1) Warrants issued by Criminal Courts against Railway servants should be
entrusted for execution to a police Officer of superior grade,who shall ,if he finds,
on proceeding to execute the warrant ,that the immediate arrest of the Railway
servant would occasion risk or inconvenience ,make all arrangements necessary to
prevent escape, and apply to the proper quarter to have the accused relieved ,
deferring his arrest until he is relieved.
(Vide Government of India Order, No. 3205,dated nil,issued under Resolution ,
No.3987-88,dated the 2nd July 1877).
(2) When an arrest is made under Section 132 of the Indian Railways Act,
1890 (IX of 1890), of a person who there is reason to believe will abscond, or
whose
name and address are unknown and he refuses to give them, or ,when given ,are

reasonably believed to be incorrect, the case should be sent to the Magistrate, in

accordance with the provisions of Section 170 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
as cognizable case within the definition in Section 2(c) of Criminal Procedure
Code,
although the offence alleged against the accused be not itself cognizable.
(vide Government of Bombay ,Judicial Department ,Notification, No. 877,
dated the 14th Feburary 1890,published in Bombay Government Gazette, Part I,
dated the 20th Feburary 1890, at page 145).
Summaries of Final Orders
24. All the Courts of Session and the Magistrates are directed to specifically note
for guidance ,the following instructions for issue of summaries of final orders. In all
cases disposed of by them, they should comply with these instructions without
prejudice to their statutory powers and judicial discretion :---(1) Each Magistrate shall,immediately after disposing of a cognizable case ,
forward through the police Station from which the case came, to the Superintendent
or Sub-Divisional Police Officer concerned ,a summary of a final order in Form E.
It should be sent in all cases,whether disposed of by trial or otherwise brought
to an end by the death,lunacy or escape of the accused or in any other way whatsoever. When a case has been tried by a Magistrate, he will issue the summary.
In cases tried by the Court of Session, the Magistrate concerned will forward
the required summary after the disposal of the case by that Court or by the High
Court. When the order of decision of the Magistrate is modified on appeal or
revision ,the Magistrate who sent the original summary will sent again a fresh
summary of such modified order or decision in Form F.
(2) If an accused in a case dies after a charge sheet has been sent up against him
but before any evidence is recorded by the Magistrate ,the Magistrate should issue
A summary .
(3) In cases not sent up for trial but disposed of on final reports by the
Magistrates, a Magistrate who is empowered to take cognizance of the offence
on a police report should issue the summaries.
(4) In cases in which investigation has been refused by the police under section
157 (1) (b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure ,1973 ,the Magistrate should enter
a remark or give a reply to the question No. 4 of the summary in Form E ( given
below) to the effect that the case is not investigated by the police acting under
Section 157(1) (b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure with Magistrate s approval .
The Magistrate should also include in his summary the value of property alleged
to have been stolen in such cases. In cases wherein the investigation was refused
on the ground that the complaint was of a civil nature ,it is not necessary to include
the value of property in his summary.
(5) The Criminal cases should be classified as follows :--Class A ca sesT he cases which are (i) T RUE a nd (ii) wherein an accused is

tried and in the absence of conclusive evidence ,is acquitted.

Class B ca sesWhe rein no offence has been committed at all either by the
accused or by any one else, but wherein the complaint is found to be false and
maliciously false.
Class Cca ses---- Wherein no offence has been committed at all either by the
accused or by any one else, but wherein the case is found to be ne ither true nor
false or fa lse but not maliciously false .
NonCognizable cases---The cases, in which the accused are convicted for
non-cognizable offences, should be classed as Non-cognizable . The c ases ,
in which the police report discloses commission of only non-cognizable offences,
should also be classed as Non-cognizable .
(6) In cases wherein offences have been compounded, it is not proper to
characterise the complaints as compounded , In such cases, the Magistrates
should enter remark against question No. 3 of the Summary in Form E to the effect
that the offence complained of has been compounded. Similarly, in cases wherein
the accused is reported to be dead, or suffering from lunacy or absconding , the
Magistrates should enter a remark to that effect against question No. 3 of the
Summary in Form E.
(7) In cases referred to the police for enquiry and report under Sections 156 &
and 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure ,1973 ,the Magistrates should send
summaries of their final orders in the prescribed forms direct to the police Stations
concerned for their record.
(8) In cases in which the offences complained of are punishable (i) under Sections
161, 165 ar 165-A of Indian Penal Code or under Sub-section (2) of Section 5 of
the Prevention of Corrupiton Act, 1947 ; (ii) or any conspiracy to commit or any
attempt to commit or any abetment of any of the offences specified in clause (i),
and (iii) any other offence connected with any of the offences specified in (i) and
(ii) ,the Special Judges appointed under Section 6 of the Criminal Law Amendment
Act,1952 for trial of such offences,should send their Summaries of their final orders
to the police Station Officers or the Officers of the Anti- Corruption Bureau ,
who conducted the investigation and sent in their reports to him.
(9) The attention of the Magistrates is drawn to the decision of the Supreme
Court reported in (1970) 3- S.C.R. 716 (R.N. Chatterji Vs Havildar Kuer Singh),
wherein it is held that the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure ,1973
do not empower the Magistrates to ask the police to submit a chargesheet. If,
however ,the Magistrate is of opinion that the report submitted by the police
requires further investigation, the Magistrate may order investigation under
Section 156(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure ,1973 . Directing a further
investigation is entirely different from asking the police to submit a chargesheet.
Further more, Section 190(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure ,1973 ,empowers
the Magistrate to take cognizance of an offence notwithstanding a contrary
opinion of the Police.

---------------------------FORM E
APPENDIX E
(Counter-foil of Form E not typed as it is in Marathi)
Summary of Magistrates Final Order
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Police Station Number of case Complaints Magistrates Serial No of
as entered in sub- Name Case No. Summary
Inspector s
Register.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Is the case cognizable or noncognizable ? If non-cognizable ,
the remaining portion of the
Form need not be filled up.
2. Section of Penal Code or other
enactment covering the case.
3. To which of the following three
classes does the complaint belong ? Viz. (a) true; (b) maliciously false ; not true and
not maliciously false.
4. was the case investigated by the
police or taken up and disposed
of by the Magistrate direct.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------J 46413

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Police Station Number of case Complaint s Magistrate s Seril No. of

as entered in Sub- Name Case No. summary
Inspector s
Register .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Number of Accused :-(a) Arrested by the police (Disstrict or Village); suo-motu.

(b) Arrested otherwise than by
the police (District or Village) ; suo-motu .
Appearing before Magistrate
in answer to Summons.
6. Disposal of Accused and section
of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 under which disposed of :-(a) of those arrested by Convicted.
Police suo-motu. Acquitted
and Discharged .
(b) Of those arrested Convicted .
Otherwise. Acquitted
and Discharged.
Died, escaped, transferred or
treated as lunatics.
7. Value of Property stolen ...
Value of Property recovered ....
Camp
Dated: 19 Magistrate, Class,
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Forwarded to the Superintendent of police, through Sub-Inspector ,Police Station .
NOTE ------If the accused is classified as a Habitual Criminal in accordance with
Government Resolution No. 3, dated January 3,1887 ,this should be noted in column 6 by
entering the letter H a gainst the accused concerned.

APPENDIX F
Summary of Amendment of Final Order on Appeal or Revision
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Police Station Serial No.of Original Serial No. of Summary
Summary of Amendment
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Section of Penal Code or other enact-

ment covering the case.

2. Disposal of Accused and Section of
the Criminal Procedure Code under
which disposed of----(A) Of those arres- Convicted ....
ted by the police Acquitted and
Suo Motu discharged :
(B) Of those arres- Convicted ...
ted otherwise Acquitted or
discharged
Of those appear - Convicted ....
ing on Sum- Acquitted or
mons discharged.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Camp
Dated 19 Magistrate ............................Class.
Forwarded to the Superintendent of Police through the Sub-Inspector, ...............
Police Station.
J 46413 a