©The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Reproduction of this manual either in part or its entirety is forbid- den. Note that the manufacturer assumes no responsibility for any in- jury or loss incurred while using this manual. FOREWORD Thank you for your purchase of the CASIO fx-4000P. This unit is an advanced hand held programmable computer capable of alphabetic display. Besides a programming function which is useful for performing repeat or complex computations, 83 scientific func- tions are also provided. Manual computations can be easily performed following written for- mulas (true algebraic logic). A replay function is provided that allows confirmation or correction when key operation errors occur. Pro- grams can also be input by following true algebraic logic, so repeat and/or complex computations are simplified. This manual is composed of three sections: 1. Configuration and Operation 2. Manual Computations 3. Program Computations Section 1 should be read first to become familiar with the nomenclature, handling and cautions concerning this unit. Sec- tions 2 and 3 can then be read in order to master both types of com- putations through samples and explanations.——— CONTENTS FOREWORD)> styrene eee ele Were fees oa HANDLING PRECAUTIONS .........----+--+++2000+ 1. CONFIGURATION AND OPERATION 1-1 1-2 1-3 NOMENCLATURE AND FUNCTIONS Display window Power switch Special operation keys . Numeric/Decimal point keys . Computation keys Function keys . ; Contrast adjustment dial . .. “ POWER AND BATTERY REPLACEMENT PrOGAMUrE os 66 0 os 92's sis wile « BEFORE BEGINNING COMPUTATIONS Computation priority sequence ......-.-.--.- Number of stacks .. Computation modes #8 Number of input/output digits and opaiie an digits Overflow and errors * Number of input characters Corrections Memory . Memory expansion . . Answer (Ans) function Auto power off function 2.MANUAL COMPUTATIONS ...........-000 sees ee 25 2-1 BASIC COMPUTATIONS Arithmetic operations Parenthesis computations Memory computations Ps Specifying the number of decimal places, the number of significant digits and the exponent display ..........-- 29 22 24 2-5 3.PROGRAM COMPUTATIONS 3-1 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS Continuous computation function Replay function ...... - Multistatement function . FUNCTIONAL COMPUTATIONS Angular measurement units Trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions Logarithmic and exponential functions: . Hyperbolic functions and inverse hyperbolic functions .. 37 Coordinate transformation .... ‘ Permutation and combination ‘OUMNET FUNCTIONS vierese Helo sleaze piers oi clogs aieiareh ane BINARY, OCTAL, DECIMAL, HEXADECIMAL COMPUTATIONS .......... . Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversions Negative expressions Basic arithmetic operations using Nery octal, decimal and Hexedecimalivalles: PCL illuminates on display. For clearing programs. [wg [4] --- Deg illuminates on display. If Beis pressed, B illumi- nates on display and unit of angular measurement is specified as degrees. [ex] [5] «++ Rad illuminates on display. If [él is pressed, Gl illumi- nates on display and unit of angular measurement is specified as radians. fox) [6] --- Gra illuminates on display. If i] is pressed, @ illumi- nates on display and unit of angular measurement is specified as grads. {9 [7] -- Fix displayed. Entering a value from 0 to 9 followed by fe] will specify the number of decimal places according to the value entered. Ex. (too (7] [3] Be] > Three decimal places fim) [8] -:- Sci displayed. Entering a value from 0 to 9 followed by fae) will specify the number of significant digits from 1 to 10. Ex. (aj [8] [5] Ee) > 5 significant digits fi] [3] ++» Norm displayed. Pressing [5] will cancel the specified number of decimal places or the specified number of significant digits. {i F]--- Defm displayed. Entering a value followed by specify the number of memories available. Ex. [et =] [1] [0] Be] + Number of memories available increased by 10. If [Bt] is pressed without entering a value, the current will number of memories available and remaining steps will be displayed. (See page 22.) Ex, [ood [=] [Be] M-36 S-470 (aio [] ++ Specifies COMP mode for arithmetic computation or function computation (program execution possible). fwoog [E] +++ Base-n illuminates. For binary, octal or hexadecimal computations/conversions. [ised [X] -++ SD illuminates. For standard deviation computations. [woo] [=] LR illuminates. For regression computations. [sHiFy] (nave) [4 Pressed after a numeric value representing degrees is input. sii] Nox [5] --+ Pressed after a numeric value representing radians is input. [sary] [none] [6 Pressed after a numeric value representing grads is input. (rit) Alphabet key Press to input alphabetic characters or special characters. Press- ing H¥ displays [A] and allows the input of only one character. After that, the unit returns to the status it was in before the [ri] key was originally pressed. Pressing [fi] followed by [a] will lock the unit in this mode and allow consecutive input of alphabetic characters until [#4] is pressed again. kK] ie) 2) eC ae) A) (8) (2) 2) EE) G i) ea ae M] [XN] [oO P] [a] [RJ (s] & u] fy] Ww Y Zz { J Pig Program/Goto key Press [Fs] , enter a value from O to 9 and then press [Bé] to execute a program. Ex. [Po] 1] [ext] > Execution of Program 1 begins. Pressing [=] followed by [Ge] ([Pra] key) will cause Goto to appear on the display. This is a jump command used in programs. or(S55) cursor/Replay/Label/insert keys @ (1) ~ [9], ] Numeric/Decimal point keys Press to move the cursor to the left or right on the display to cor- When entering numeric values, enter the number in order. Press rect formulas or numeric values. the [+] key to enter the decimal point in the desired position. Pressing =] moves the cursor to the left, while pressing |=] moves [sam] Key combinations for the various modes are as follows: the cursor to the right. Pressing either key and holding it down will cause continuous Paaivernaht the aieee in the respective direc- COMP mode | [scr Base-n mode ( [ios] [=] ) tion. Once a formula or numeric value is input and [Eis pressed, 7 EE J EE these keys become replay keys. Pressing [=] displays the formula gz Ee] Ee Eas or numeric value from the end, and pressing [=3] displays it from mm) Cl = = the beginning. Pressing [6%] again will re-execute. = s Re-execution can also be performed after changes have been Ha fad > made in the formula or numeric value. (See page 32.) nPr, nCr, Poll, Rec(, Rnd, Ran# Pressing [Hf] followed by Gil] ([@] key) will inpyt a label into the and z cannot be used in this program, while pressing [iii] followed by |INs| ( [2] key) will insert mode a space at the current position of the cursor. is SD mode ( [ood [x] } LR mode| [Hote] [DEL] Delete key ep] == [Ete A 8 Press to delete the character at the current position of the cursor. E When the character is deleted, everything to the right of the cursor Be) 2] [is DT) Ce] [eal position will shift one space to the left. E3 toe] [Eo x on] [roa Pressing [i] will clear the memory contents. fad] [Rand a] [ee EVAN clearkey Standard deviation functions can Paired variable statistic func- Press to completely clear the formula or numeric value displayed. caused, tions can be used. Also used to clear errors indicated by error message displays, and to restore power after activation of the auto power off function. @ Computation keys (See page 24.) Ey [=] Arithmetic operation keys [il Execute key P For addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, enter the Press to obtain the result of a computation. Pressed after data in- computation as it reads. [#8] key combinations for the various put for a programmed computation or to advance to the next ex- modes are as follows: ecution after a computation result is obtained. COMP mode or SD mode fi] Answer key 9] [ite] (5c ] and (9) keys)--P i nati Pressing [as followed by [will recall the |ast computation result It ere ea eys)-+-Permutation/combination can be recalled by/ir|[aejeven after it has been cleared using the Pot] [Resi] ( + ] and [—] keys)--Coordinate transformation key or by switching the power of the unit OFF. When used during program execution, the last result computed is recalled. Esimode/ 93" 2) [5] ( [Ej keys):--Estimated value computation of x and y Pal] [Rest] ---Coordinate tarnsformation 8 mn1 Function keys : ’ Press for functional computation. Various uses are available in combination with the [s@] key, and/or depending on the mode be- in ing used. Multistatement/Display key " Press to separate formulas or commands in progra putations or consecutive computations. i The result of such combinations is known as a multistatement. (See page 33.) s ae Bee following the (iF key, the results of each section of the programmed computations or consecutive computations are sequentially displayed with each press of [Bq - immed com- ENG Engineering/Negation key '@ Press to convert a computation result to an exponential display whose exponent is a multiple of three. (10°=K, 10°=M, 10°= SG, 10-3=m, 10°="", 10-°°=7, 10°2=P ) @ When obtaining logical negation for a value in the Base-n mode, press prior to entering the value. Root/Integer key ~ Fy . =5-@ Press prior to entering a numeric value to obtain the square root of that value. ; 7 ; @When pressed following the [im] key, the integer portion of a value can be obtained. S @ Press followed by [&&) in the Base-n mode to specify the decimal computation mode. : When pressed following the [im] key in the Base mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a decimal value. Square/Fraction key ""'@Press after a numeric value is entered to obtain the square of that value. @When pressed following the value can be obtained. ‘ @Press followed by [ie] in the Base-n mode to specify the hex- adecimal computation mode. ; @When pressed following the ey in the Base-n mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a hexadecimal value. key, the decimal portion of a jog] Common logarithm/Antilogarithm key =“"@ Press prior to entering a value to obtain the common logarithm of that value. @When pressed following the [##] key, the subsequently entered value becomes an exponent of 10. @Press followed by [Ex] in the Base-n mode to specify the binary computation mode. 4 @When pressed following the [iif] key in the Base-n mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a binary value. in] Natural logarithm/Anti-natural logarithm key Press prior to entering a value to obtain the natural logarithm of that value. @ When pressed following the [iF] key, the subsequently entered value becomes an exponent of ¢. @Press followed by [ie] in the Base-n made to specify the octal computation mode. @When pressed following the [sia] key in the Base-n mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as an octal value. om Reciprocal/Factorial key @Press prior to entering a value to obtain the reciprocal of that value. @ When pressed following the [lif] key, the factorial of a previous- ly entered value can be obtained. @ Press in the Base-n mode to enter A ( 10,0) of a hexadecimal value. +] Degree/minute/second key (decimal <>sexagesimal key) *@Press to enter sexagesimal value. (degree/minute/second or hour/minute/second) Ex. 78°45 12”578 fo] 45 [>] 12 b> @ When pressed following the [mi] key, a decimal based value can be displayed in degrees/minutes/seconds. (hours/minutes/seconds). Press in the Base-n mode to enter B ( 1110) of a hexadecimal value. lz] is Hyperbolic key ‘@ Pressing [hye], and then [sn], [i], or [te] prior to entering a value produces the respective hyperbolic function (sinh,cosh,tanh) for the value.@ Pressing [lim], then [a] and then [sin] , [ee} or [tsa] prior to entering a value produces the respective inverse hyperbolic function (sinh-?, cosh-!, tanh~1) for the value. y ePress in the Base-n. mode to enter C (12:0) of a hexadecimal value. [aa] [ei] [ear] Trigonometric function/Inverse trigonometric function ©? 5 keys @Press one of these keys prior to entering a value to obtain the respective trigonometric function for the value. - aes @ Press [mal and then one of these keys prior to entering a value Sy obtain the respective inverse trigonometric function for the value. @Prass in the Base-n mode to enter Dy E, F(1S10, 1410, 1510) ofa hexadecimal value. NSerasetan a to entering a numeric value to make that value negative. Ex. -123- [ITI 2IB : When pressed following the [iii] key, the same numeric value i to multiple memories. Caan eee the value 456 to memories A through F: (2) (51(5] Gi A) al Sl el LE Be) @ Press in the Base-n mode prior to entering a value to obtain the negative of that value. The negative number is the twos comple- ment of the value entered. =] Assignment key i '@ Press prior to entering a memory to assign the result of a com- putation to that memory. Ex. To assign the result of 12 + 45 to memory A: (4) [2] 5)(4] Ewa flee , ' : @ During execution of program computations or consecutive com putations, press following the [S#i] key to enter a numeric value Ly Parenthesis keys ‘e Press the open parenthesis key and the closed parenthesis key at the position required in a formula. r @When pressed following the (Sim) key, a comma or semicolon can be inserted to separate the arguments in coordinate transforma- tion or consecutive computations. <7] Power/Absolute value key ““"@Enter x (any number), press this key and then enter y (any number) to compute x to the power of y. In the SD or LR mode, this function is only available after press- ing the [a] key. @Press following the [sf] key to obtain the absolute value of a subsequently entered numeric value. @ Press in the Base-n mode to obtain a logical product (“and”). @Press in the SD or LR mode to delete input data. aa Root/Cube root key @Enter x, press this key and then enter y to compute the xth root of. In the SD or LR mode, this function is only available after pressing the [iim] key. @Press following the [Fi] key to obtain the cube root of a subse- quently entered numeric value. @Press in the Base-n mode to obtain a logical sum (“or”). @ Used as a data input key in the SD or LR mode. @ Contrast adjustment dial From different viewing angles or due to weakening batteries, the display may sometimes appear too dark or too light. If this should occur, adjust the contrast of the display using the dial located on the right edge of the unit. Moving the dial in the direction indicated by the arrow will cause the characters on the display to become stronger, ‘while moving it in the Opposite direction will cause them to become weaker. If, after max- imum adjustment, the characters on the display still are too weak, it can indicate that battery power is too low. In this case the batteries should be replaced as soon as possible.i 1-2 POWER AND BATTERY REPLACE- MENT a Power is supplied to this unit by two lithium batteries (CR2032). If the power of the batteries should diminish, the display will Me and become difficult to read. A weak display even after contrast ac justment (see page 11) may indicate power is too low, so the bat- teries should be replaced. When making replacements, be sure to r both batteries. ; Pees are used for longer than two years, there is the danger of leakage. Be sure to replace batteries at least once every two years even if the unit is not used during that period. s % Stored programs or data are erased when batteries are replaced. Therefore, it is recommended that programs and data required for later use be recorded on a coding sheet before replacing batteries. @ Procedure @ Slide the power switch to the OFF posi- tion, remove the two screws on the back of the unit with a screwdriver, and remove the back cover. @ Remove the screw holding the battery Screws pressure plate in place and then IN remove the battery pressure plate. \ @® Remove both of the old batteries from vi the unit. . / (This can be done easily by turning the unit so the battery compartment is fac- 3 ing downwards, and then lightly tap- ping the unit.) RESET button aime | Screw 5 12 @ Wipe the surfaces of two new batteries with a soft, dry cloth and load them in- to the unit ensuring that the positive @ sides are facing upwards. @Fasten the battery pressure plate in place using the screw, and replace the back cover. * IMPORTANT: Never dispose of ofd batteries in such a way that they will be incinerated. Batteries may explode if exposed to fire. CAUTIONS: lf the batteries being replaced are not totally without power, it is possi- ble to replace batteries so quickly that previously stored programs and memory contents are not erased or altered. In this case, however, all programs and memory contents should be carefully checked after battery replacement. If battery power should be allowed to decrease or if batteries are removed from the unit for extended periods, programs and memory contents may be erased or altered. In this case, the RESET button located on the back of the unit should be pressed using pointed ob- ject. All memory contents and programs will be erased. Keep batteries out of the reach of small children. If a battery should in- advertantly be swallowed, contact a doctor immediately.———————————————— 1-3 BEFORE BEGINNING COMPUTA- TIONS...... i Computation priority sequence This unit employs true algebraic logic to compute the parts of a for- mula in the following order: 4. Coordinate transformation Pol(x,9), Rec (7,6) 2. Type A functions* BP a eI ey 3. Power/root #,V_ 4. Abbreviated multiplication format in front of x, memory, or paren- thesis 2x, 4R, 3(5+6), etc. 5. Type B functions* VN , log, 10°, In, ¢%, sin, cos, tan, sin’, cos~’, tan-’, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh", cosh-1, tanh-', (—), Abs, Int, Frac, h, d, b, o, Neg, Not 6. Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B functions 3sin5, 6V7, 2sin30cos60, etc. 7. Permutation, combination Pr, nCr 8. X= Delia 10. and 11. or 12. Relational operators <<, >» =) %) Sv = +& Functions are divided into two types. Type A functions are entered after the argument, while Type B functions are entered before the argument. & When functions with the same priority are used in series, execution is performed trom right to left : €.g., elnV120 > e{Intv120)}. Otherwise, execution is from left to right. » Compound functions are executed from right to left: e.g, sin cos-10.6 > sin(cos-'0.6). x Everything contained within parentheses receives highest priority. Ex. 243% (log sin2x?rad+6.8)=22.07101691 o | @ Number of stacks This unit features a memory known as a stack for the temporary storage of low priority numeric values and commands (functions, etc). The numeric value stack has eight levels, while the coinindad stack has twenty. lf a complex formula is employed that exceeds the stack space available, a stack error (Stk ERROR) message will appear on the display. Ex. Stack counting method 2x((3+4x(5+4)+3)+5)+8= | NM | APARNA ® id ® 8 HI) 55) Numeric Command value stack stack ON E2 fi |} x @/ 3 wy @| 4 B® | ( @| 5 @ y+ ®| 4 | x fel | ( a * Computations are performed in the order of the highest computation Beery first. Ones a computation is executed, it is cleared from the Stack,i Computation modes This unit features modes for manual computations, storing programs, and modes for general as well as statistical computations. The proper mode to suit computational requirements should be employed. © Operation modes There are a total of three operation modes. 1, RUN mode Manual computations including functional computation and pro- gram execution. 2. WRT mode Program storage and editing. (See Section 2.) In this mode, WRT illuminates at the left edge of the display window. 3. PCL mode Deletion of stored programs. (See Section 2.) In this mode, PCL illuminates at the left edge of the display window. @ Computation modes There are a total of four computation modes which are employed ac- cording to the type of computation. 1. Comp mode General computations, including functional computations. 2. Base-n mode Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversion and computations, as well as logical operations. (See page 42.) Function computa- tions can not be performed. In this mode, Base-n illuminates at the center top of the display window. 3. SD mode Standard deviation computation. (1-variable statistics). (See page 46.) In this mode, SD illuminates at the center top of the display window. 4. LR mode Regression computation (paired variable statistics). (See page 48.) In this mode, LR illuminates at the center top of the display. With so many modes available, computations should always be per- formed after confirming which mode is active. | Number of input/output digits and computation digits @ The allowable input/output range (number of digits) of this unit is 10 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent. Computa- tions, however, are internally performed with a range of 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent. Ex. 3x 10®°+7= 3 [be] 5 [=] 7 [ee] 3 be] 5 E) 7 (2) 42857 [exe] 42857. 14286 @.1428571 + Computation results greater than 107° ( 10 billion ) or less than 107" (0.1) are automatically displayed in exponential form. Ex. 123456789 x 9638= 123456789 [x] 9638 [Exe] |<—Exponent 2 1.189876532 Mantissa Once a computation is completed, the mantissa is rounded off to 10 digits and displayed. And the displayed mantissa can be used for the next computetion. Ex. 3X 108°=7= 3 be) 5 E)7 BY 42857 . 14286 =] 42857 Ee] @.14286 @ Overflow and errors If the computational range of the unit is exceeded, or incorrect inputs are made, an error message will appear on the display window and subsequent operation will be impossible. This is the error check func- tion. The following operations will result in errors: (1) The answer, whether intermediate or final, or any value in memory exceeds the value of =-9.999999999 x 10°. (2) An attempt is made to perform functional computations that ex- ceed the input range. (See page 124.) (3) Improper operation during statistical computations. (Ex. Attempting to obtain X or xo» without data input.) (4) The capacity of the numeric value stack or the command stack is exceeded. (Ex. Entering nineteen successive [(] ’s followed by [2] [+] [8] 4] ) i(5) Even though memory has not been expanded, a memory name such as Z [21 is used. (See page 20 for details on memory.) (6) Input errors are made. (ex. 5] EJ EIS) Be) The following error messages will be displayed for the operations noted above: (1)~(3) Ma ERROR (4) Stk ERROR (5) Mem ERROR (6) Syn ERROR Besides these, there are an “Ne ERROR” (nesting error) and “Go ER- ROR”. These errors mainly occur when using programs. See page 61 or the Error Message Table on page 122. @ Number of input characters This unit features a 79-step area for computation execution. One function comprises one step. Each press of numeric or [i], [=], [x] and [=] keys comprise one step. Though such operations as Si] [x ({-7]key) require two key operations, they actually comprise only one function and, therefore, only one step. These steps can be confirmed using the cursor. With each press of the &J or | key the cursor is moved one step. Input characters are limited to 79 steps. Usually the cursor is represented by a blinking “—”, but once the 73rd step is reached the cursor changes to a blinking “ll”. If the lll” appears during a com- putation, the computation should be divided at some point and per- formed in two parts When numeric values or computation commands are input, they ap- pear on the display window fram the left. Computational results, however, are displayed from the right. @ Corrections @To make corrections in a formula that is being input, use the &] and FJ keys to move to the position of the error and press the cor- rect keys. Ex. To change an input of 122 to 123: 1] (2) 2 122_ a 122 = 123_ Ex. To change an input of cos60 to sin60 : xs] [6] [0] cos 60_ eek cos 60 sin sin 60 «If, after making corrections, input of the formula is complete, the answer can be obtained by pressing Bt). If, however, more is to be added to the formula, advance the cursor using the 2 key to the end of the formula for input. @If an unnecessary character has been included in a formula, use the [€] and [=] keys to move to the position of the error and press the [él] key. Each press of [oti] will delete one command (one step). Ex. To correct an input of 369 X2 to 369X2: IANA E 369 x X2_ Bebe 369X2 19elf a character has been omitted from a formula, use the fj and &] keys to move to the position where the character should have been input, and press [Si] followed by the [N3] key. Each press of the [fl [xs] will create a space for input of one command. Ex. To correct an input of 2.36? to sin2.36?: 27H BEE 2. 36F Besse 2.362 7] [INS] 132.362 sin sin 2.36? + When [i] [NS] are pressed, the space that is opened is displayed as “7” Though the.” will remain within the formula even if nothing is inserted, it is disregarded during computations, and pressing [Exe will execute the formula normally. Use the [bi] key to delete a (3 from a formula. l@ Memory This unit contains 26 standard memories. Memory names are compos- ed of the 26 letters of the alphabet. Numeric values with 10 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent can be stored. Ex. To store 123.45 in memory A: 123.45 [5] [hen] [A 7 123.45->A_ [exe] 123.45 Values are assigned to a memory using the [| key followed by the memory name. Ex. To store the sum of memory A + 78.9 in memory B: en) [A] -E] 78. 9 Es) a) (B] | A+78.9-B_ Ee] 202.35 Ex. To add 74.12 to memory B: ew) (8) GE) 74.12 2] 4) (B]| B+74.12>B_ Ee 276.47 20 «Numeric values with 10 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an expo- nent can be stored in memory. Therefore, consecutive computations using numeric values stored in memory are less precise when com- pared with internal computaions (12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an exponent). @To check the contents of a memory, press the name of the memory to be checked followed by [2] . [apna] [A] [Exe] 123.45 @To clear the contents of a memory (make them 0), proceed as follows: Ex. To clear the contents of memory A only: 0 ©] ra (4) Be 0. Ex. To clear the contents of all the memories: [SHFT| [Mel] Mcl_ Ext] 0. @To store the same numeric value to multiple memories, press [=] followed by [=] ( [[=)] key). Ex. To store a value of 10 in memories A through J: 10 [5] [en] [9] Se) ES) fara] (5)| 4asa~s_ ee] 10. 21@ Memory expansion Though there are 26 standard memories, they can be expanded by changing program storage steps to memory. Memory expansion is performed by converting the 8 steps assigned to one memory. * See page 64 for information on the number of program steps. @ Using expanded memories Expanded memories are used in the same manner as standard memories, and are referred to as Z[1], Z[2], etc. The letter Z follow- ed by a value in brackets indicating the sequential position of the memory is used as the memory name. (Brackets are formed by [APH] [J for “[” and [RW [Be] for “]’.) After the number of memories has 94 6 Number of memories] 26] 27] 28] == | 36] ~- | 76 Number of steps | 550) 542| 534/ 470/ ~~ | 150 Memory is expanded in units of one. A maximum of 68 memories can be added for a maximum total of 94 (26 + 68). Expansion is perform- ed by pressing fm , followed by [-] , a value representing the size of the expansion, and then [Ex] . Ex. To expand the number of memories by 30 to bring the total to 56: [uone] [=] 30. Defm 30_ exe] M—56 S—310 t Number of memories Current number of remaining steps The number of memories and remaining number of steps are displayed. The number of remaining steps indicates the current un- used area, and will differ according to the size of the program stored. To check the current number of memories, press list) , followed by [-] and then |e] . (wane [=] [Exe] M—56 S—310 To initialize the number of memories (to return the number to 26), enter a zero for the value in the memory expansion sequence outlined above. 0 [+] O [exe] M—26 S—550 * Though a maximum of 68 memories can be added, if a program has already been stored and the number of remaining steps is less than the desired expansion, an error (Syn ERROR) will be generated. The size of the memory expansion must be equal to or less than the number of steps remaining. «The expansion procedure ((ii [>] expansion value) can also be stored as a program. 22 been expanded by 5, memories Z[1] through Z[5] are available. The use of these memories is similar to that of a standard computer ar- ray, with a subscript being appended to the name. For more informa- tion concerning an array, see page 79. @ Answer (Ans) function This unit has an answer function that stores the result of the most re- cent computation. Once a numeric value or numeric formula is entered and [Et] is pressed, the result (the answer in the case of the numeric formula) is stored by this function. To recall the stored value, press the [Ard key. When rd is pressed, “Ans” will appear on the display, and can be us- ed in this form in subsequent calculations. + Hereinafter, Ans will be referred to as the Ans memory. Ex. 123+456=579 789—579=210 1) (2) (3) A) 5) fe) ee] 579. 7) (8) 2) 2) bs | 789—Ans_ BE) 210 Numeric values with 10 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an expo- nent can be stored in the Ans memory. The Ans memory is not erased even if the power of the unit is switched OFF. Each time is press- ed, the value in the Ans memory is replaced with the new value pro- duced by the computation executed. When a value is stored to another memory using the [Pé] key, that value is not stored in the Ans memory. Ex. Perform computation 78+56=134, then store the value 123 to memory A: 7)(8) +) (5) [6] 134. Confirm Ani bed IB): memory contents 134. 1212) 6) ws) ba 123. lans} [EXE] 134. 23The Ans memory can be used in the same manner as the other memories, thus making it possible to use it in computation formulas. In multiplication operations, the [x] immediately before [An] can be omitted. Ex. 15x3=45 78X45—23=3487 1) (5) kl 3) Be 45. 7) (8) ed E] [2] (3) 3487. @ Auto power off function The power of the unit is automatically switched off approximately 6 minutes after the last key operation (except during program computa- tions). Once this occurs, power can be restored cither by switching the power of the unit OFF and then ON again, or by pressing the |A¢| key. (Numeric values in the memories, programs or computation modes are unaffected when power is switched off.) 2. MANUAL COMPUTATIONS| ii | | 3-1 BASIC COMPUTATIONS. HH Parenthesis computations Example I Operation | Display | @ Arithmetic operations 100—(2+3)x4=80 ok 23bik4b4 80. Arithmetic operations are performed by pressing the keys in the 24+3X(4+5)=29 2 G)3 EXILC) 4 45 fg | 29. | same order as noted in the formula. —_ - . | @For negative values, press [E/] before entering the value. ened berentiiesss occuring imedistely:be fore Ni operation of the [Xt] key may be omitted, no mat- Example [ Operation Display ter how many are required. | ae ; 36. | | | 23-+4.5—53=—25.5 23 (414.5 E153 Be 25.5 (7-2) (84-5) =65 (ammo oe S6x(—12)=(-2.51= 56x fa12 Elfe2. 5d 268.8 +A multiplication sign (>) occuring immediately | 268.8 - before an open parenthesis can be omitted. | | 123697532x74103= | 12369 [x] 7532 [x] 74103 [Ex 6903680613 10-(2+7%(3-4+6))}=—55| 10 112173 | lleat | 6, 903680613 x 102 | i (6903680613000) *# Henceforth, abbreviated style will not be used in | | this manual. | Vii) + Results greater than 10! (10 billion) or less than | sa i} 10-} (0.1) are displayed in exponential form. | — 7(2x8+4)=5=2/(0 2X3 4DIES Be 2 (4.51079) x(—2.3 4.5 [be] 75 [x] [EI] 2. 3 [exe] : | 10-®)=—1.035x10-? [es] 78 | 1.038 rot 0.0125 © [see MeReDIER || | (—0.01035) 15h) 4H 12R3D Je | 0.8125 (110°) =7= 1 Bs ]7 Be 14285 .71429 (1.2% 1019) — (2.5 5R20 | iI 14285.71429 ioe) x 85) =4.5% 108 | ae ) (1108) +7=14285= 4 Ee) 5 =] 7] 14285 fee 0.7142857 6 3 we 7-03 6E Co4eis DEA 0.3 | The above is the same as 6[=)4[=)5 fd). + Internal computations are computed in 12 digits for a mantissa, and the result is displayed rounded off to 10 aigits. @For mixed basic arithmetic operations, multiplication and division | are given priority over addition and subtraction. 1) Example Operation Display 35 kle ce 33. | \| 7X8—4X5=36 7 Gx) 8 E14 x) 5 Exe] 36. Win 1+2—3x4=5+6=6.6 |112E13 415 6 bg 6.6 | | 26 20@ Memory computations @ Numeric values stored in memory contain 10 digits for a mantissa. @The contents of memories are not erased when power is switched OFF. They are cleared by pressing if] followed by [Nal ( (DEL) key) and then [be] . —@ Specifying the number of decimal places, the number of significant digits and the exponent display @To specify the number of decimal places, press [ia] followed by a value indicating the number of places(O—9)and then [Bq]. (The in- dicator “Fix” will illuminate on the display.) Example Operation | Display @To specify the number of significant digits, press [lie] followed by | 8], a value indicating the number of significant digits (O—9 to set 9.874X7=69.118 9.874 [5] [wera [A] exe 9.874 from 1 to 10 digits) and then [E€]. (The indicator “Sci” will il- luminate on the display.) 9.874% 12=118.488 | (rem) [A] 7 Foxe 69.118 @ Pressing the [IX key or [ii] followed by [=] ( ENG] key) will cause the 9.874 26=256. 724 (ava) [AX] 12 (EE) 118.488 exponent display for the number being displayed to change in multiples of 3. 9.874 29=286. 346 inal [A] Bd 26 [Ee 256.724 @The specified number of decimal places or number of significant fn [A] 29 Ee 286 .346 digits will not be cancelled until another value or ia [3] is specified + The[>] key is used to input numeric values in using the sequence: [wit], [9], [ext].(Specified values are not cancelled memory. (Clearing a memory before input is not re- even if power is switched OFF or an other mode (besides [mu [9] ) quired, because the previous value in the memory is specified. ) will be automatically replaced with the new @Even if the number of decimal places and number of significant eae digits are specified, internal computations are performed in 12 digits for a mantissa, and the displayed value is stored in 10 digits. BFS) aa 32 To convert these values to the specified number of decimal places 5316 at: and signiticant digits, press [a] followed by fm ( 0 ]key) and thon [AHA]| B [Ans] [>] [Apia] [1B ) (EXE 79. iE]. 45 [x]2 90. a : = as Lo} upil 6 ILE) ils Example Operation I Display a) (| ns be | 22. 100=6=16. s6666666--- | 100 =16 a 16. 66666667 [0 [7 ][4] 4] (Four decimal 16.6667 12x (2.3+3.4)-5=63.4 |2. 3 (413. 4 >) [uru)[G] be 5.7 places specified.) 12 (x) ee] [G)] E] 5 fee] 63.4 fncoe] [9 ] xt] (Specification 16. 66666667 30% (2.343.444. 5)—15 | 4.5 [util He 4.5 cancelled) " X<4.5=238.5 |30 Del C)[are(G | [++] frm) LH] | (hove [8] [5] xe] (Five signiti- 1.6667 E15 aaa cal ee | 238.5 cant digits specified.) ox [9] [BE] (Specification 16 . 66666667 *Mulitiplication signs |x) immediately before cancelled.) memory'names can be omitted. + Values are displayed rounded off to the place specified. 200=7%14=400 fon 7) SB] (Three 16.667 decimal places specified.) 200 [=] 7 [Bx] 28.571Example (Continues computation with 10-digit display.) 123m x 456=56088m =56. 088km 78 X0.96=74.88 & =0.07488kg Operation Ba 14 5) If the same computation is performed with the specified number of digits: 200 G7 xd (Value stored internally cut off at specified decimal place.) [Si] [ind [be] x 14 [Be] (Noo! [9] [Xe] (Specification | cancelled.) 123 [x] 456 |e | 78 [=] 0. 96 (SHFT] [ENG] | Display 8.57142857 __ 402.000 28.571 28.571 28.571%_ 399.994 399.994 56088. 56.088 74.88 0.07488 2-2 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS @ Continuous computation function Even if computations are concluded with the [Ht] key, the result ob- tained can be used for further computations. In this case, computa- tions are performed with 10 digits for the mantissa which is displayed. Ex, 3x4=12 Continuing +3.14= 3k] 4 fae 12. (Continuing) E)3.14 1imesnaes Be 3.821656051 1E1 3k) 3 We 1E] 3 ke ®. 3333333333 (Continuing) [x] 3 [et] @.9999999999 This function can be used with memory and Type A functions (x2, x7, x! : see page 40), and +, —, Pr, »Cr, x7, Vo, a, Ex. To store the result of 1245 in memory C: 12 45 Bd 540. | (Continuing) [>] [ara] [C 540.—>C_ exe 540. Ex. To square the result of 78--6 (see page 40): 78 6 faa “len (Continuing) [= wa Eel 169.@ Replay function @ This function stores formulas that have been executed. After execu- tion is complete pressing either the [5 or [&] key will display the for- mula executed. Pressing [5] will display the formula from the beginning, with the cursor located under the first character. Pressing [= will display the formula from the end, with the cursor located at the space following the last character. Then using ] and [&]to move the cursor, the formula can be checked and numeric values or commands can be changed for subsequent execution. Ex. 123 [X) 456 fa] 56088. = 123X456 a 56088. je 123X456_ Ex. 4.12X3.58+6.4=21.1496 4.12X3.58—7.1=7.6496 4.12 [x] 3.58 Fy 6.4 fe 21.1496 eS 12x3.58+6.4. SieiSis} 4.12x3.5 bp N71 12x3.58-7.1_ ex 7.6496 @lf an error is generated during computation execution, an error check function eliminates the need to clear the error using [ac] and then restarting input from the beginning. Pressing either [5] or [= will automatically move the cursor to the point in the formula that generated the error and display it. Ex, When 1402.3 is mistakenly entered for 14+10x 2.3: 140%] 2.3 pg Ma ERROR ©] (or) 1420x2.3 Here an error occurs. ng) 1 1410x2.3 3522 32 *As with the number of input characters (see page 18), the replay function can accept input up to 79 steps. *The replay function is cleared when the[i] key is pressed, when power is switched OFF or when the mode is changed. @ Multistatement function @ The multistatement function (using colons to separate formulas or statements) available in program computations can also be used for manual computations. @The multistatement function allows formulas to be separated by col- ons to make consecutive, multiple statement computations possi- ble. @ When |B] is pressed to execute a formula input using the multistate- ment format, the formula is executed in order from the beginning. @ inputting “4” ( fun] (J) in place of the colon will display the com- putational result up to that point during execution. Ex. 6.9X 123=848.7 123+3.2=38.4375 123 >) wal [A Illuminated during display caused by “A”. 6.9 [x] amy [A] Sm] La) y - oy [wa] [A] EF] 3.2 xe] 848.7 ee 38.4375 *Even if “4” is not input at the end of a formula, the final result will be displayed. *Consecutive computations using multistatements cannot be per- formed. 123X456:+5 ‘Invalid 332-3 FUNCTIONAL COMPUTATIONS i Angular measurement units @ The unit of angular measurement (degrees, radians, grads) is set by pressing fie followed by a value from 4 through 6 and then [bé . @The numeric value from 4 through 6 specifies degrees, radians and grads respectively. @ Once a unit of angular measurement is set, it remains in effect until anew unit is set. Settings are not cleared when power is switched OFF. @ Trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions @Be sure to set the unit of angular measurement before performing trigonometric function and inverse trigonometric function compute- tions. Example | Operation [ Display Conversion of 4.25 rad to iox)[4] Be) >“B)” degrees 4. 25 [sar] [one] [5 | [exe] 243 5070629 Conversion of 1.23 grad. | [oni)[ 5] [ext] “El” 1,932079482 to radians 1.2: Conversion of 7.89 ey degrees to grads 78 8. 766666667 Result displayed in mie degrees 47.3 Ce]82. 5 Gary hoo [5] Be 4774,20181 47. 3°+ 82. 5rad= 474. 20181 12.448. 3rad—1.8ara= | 12.4(5)8. 3 Gam] fo) [5] 490.33497 | 486 .33497 Result displayed in radians ate 24°6'31'' +85. 34rad= 85. 76077464 | 85.76077464 foo 36. fone Result displayed in grads 36.9°+41.2rad= 2663.873462 2663 .873462 Example Operation Display sin69°52'41'"= fire [2] Be) >” 0..897859012 | [si] 63 E=]52 Ex} 41 E=) Ee 0.897859012 cost grad) =0.5 on [5 [EE es) [CS 7) 0.5 tan(—35gra)= [nooe| [6] [Exe] = —0.6128007881 | [Alli] 35 EE —0.6128007881 2-sin45 °x cos65°= poe [2 E] “ )” 0.5976724775 | 2 [xI[sn] 45 [x] [ees] 65 Be] @.5976724775 t ECan be omitted. sin~10.5=30° A] [Eri] 0. 5 BE 30. (Determine the value of x Can be entered when sin z=0.5.) as 5 cos 2 pros [|e] > “T” 0. 7853981634rad_| [SHAT] [oor] [( yee @.7853981634 =jred =] Si] [=] BE 0.25 tan-10.741= pone (| >“ )” 36.53844577° |] for} 0. 741 [BE 36.63844577 =26°92'18.4" | afar 36°32'18,4” If the total number of digits for degrees/minutes/ seconds exceeds eight digits, the high-order values (degrees and minutes) are given display priority, and any lower-order values are not displayed. However, the entire value is stored within the unit as 2 decimal value. 2.5 (sin-10.8— Gos~'0. 9)=68°13'13.53” sinl8°X cos). 25rad= e 18 [es] 0. 25 (Sar) bmg [5 0.2994104044 | [ex The above is computed in radians, and is the same cas [sin] 18 [Sarr] [uove [4] [es] 0. 25 Ee]. 2.5 [x] LC] [sam [s0"] 0. 8 EE] sHeT] [cos] 0. 9 [) [Exe] [sHer] [o> 68°13'13.53” @.2994104044| @ Logarithmic and exponential functions Hyperbolic functions and inverse hyperbolic functions | | Example I Operation Display Example Operation Display y log!.23(logiol.23)= | [aa] 1. 23 Be] 8.990511144 sinh3.6=18. 28545536 | ns] [ia] 3. 6 Be] 18. 28545536 | atl | 8. 990511144 x 10°?) cosht.23=1.856761057 | [ival[cos] 1.23 x 1.856761057 ae 4) 90 See tanh2.5=0.9866142081 | [ia] [ma)2. 5 BE 0.9866142981 HI 4..49980967 | Wil) cosht.§—sinhl.5= [nya] {cos} 1. § L-] [hyo] [sin] 1. 5 [Exe] @. 2231301602 HI log456-+In456—= jog] 456 [=] [hn] 456 [Be] 0.4342944819 0.2231301602 | (Continuing) [in] an] [5] as | 0. 4342944819 2ei8 il (log/in ratio=constant M] | (Proof of cosh « | 101-28=16. 98243652 [ser [105] 1. 28 [Exe 16 .98243652 ++ sinh x=e+*) | ee ae aut sinh !80=4.094622224 | [3] ve] i} 30 [Be 4.094622224 WIN logarithm of common 20 logarithm 1.23) cosh" (75)= A hel bo} 20 15D i 0. 7953654612 [Exe] | ®.7953654612 WMH A5=90. 0171313 (suey (=) 4.5 [Exe 90.0171313 | \ (To obtain the anti- I logarithm of natural Determine the value of x | logarithm 4.5) when tanh 4x=0.88 | | pa tanh" 1088 Sarr [ove] fen") 0. 88 =] 4 [Exe] 0. 3439419141 Vi I 104-e-$+1.2-102° [swien] [10%] 4 [3] [Sart] [e*) [li] 4 [4] ) =422. 5878667 | 1.2 [x] [Sah] [104 2. 3 Ex 422. 5878667 Onset 4a | 5. 6!-3=52.58143837 5.6[2]2. 3a 52.58143837 sinh-!2xcosh~'1.5= | [at] fl [sr] 2 [DX] val es ih _ 1 1. 389388923 | 1.5 [| 1,389388923 | (25 =1287 )= 7 (7) 128 [ee 1.988647795 2 4 IN 1. 988647795 sinh” '(3)-+tanh"' (5) = [irr] [hve] [sin] C2 E13 DEE) | a ner] [ive am) [0] 4 =] 5 [eel 1.723757406 il (78-23)-?= Uses DG12 «= 1.305111828 Lsrorine | 1305111829 x 10-2" i 2+3xV64—4=10 ZENS P13 64(E}4 Be] 10. | ¥* and 4/— given computation priority over x and i an | | 2x3. 46467 = 2B)3. 42/005 E)6.7D) | | WN 3306232. 001 |[E«] 3306232.001 | 36 37@ Coordinate transformation @ Rectangular coordinates @Polar coordinates @ Computation results are stored in memories | and J. (Contents of memory | displayed.) Pol>1 J=6é Rec l=", J=y @With polar coordinates, @ can be computed within a range of —180°<8<180°. (The computation range is the same with ra- dians or grads.) Example Operation Display Ifx=14 and y=20.7, [noc [4 [exe] >“ B)” what are rand 9? iF [ra] 14 (SAF) ]20. 7 DD (Continuing) [x4] [J] [Ee fe] 55°55‘42,2"(6) | fe] | 24.98979792(7) ifx=7.5 and y=—10, | foe [5] what are 7 and @ rad? Garr} [ron] 7.5 HEIL» Jf) 10 Eg 12.5(7) (Continuing) [AHA [ J [EX] —0.927295218(6) If 7=25 and 0=56, what | iow [4] [5] “B)” are x and y? [sHFr] [Peet] 25 [SHAT] [> ]56 [_) ] [Exe] (Continuing) [AP] [J [Be] 13.97982259(x) 20. 72593931(y) If 7=4.5 and o=2r rad, fore [5 |e] >“ | fe] 4. 5 Bar] CCC) 2 x) Bl Fe) Dg —2.25(x) (Continuing) [sei] [3 ] [Ex] | 3.897114317(9) what are x and y? ®@ Permutation and combination @Total number of permutations @ Total number of combinations ni nl aaa ner Al Example Operation Display Taking any four out of | 10 [SH8] [afr] 4 fe ten items and arranging them in a row, how many different arrange- ments are possible? 10P4=5040 5040. Using any four numbers | 7 [Sei] fr] 4 [x] 3 7 Ee 360. from 1 to 7, how many four-digit even numbers can be formed if none of the four digits consist of the same number ? (3/7 of the total number of permutations will be even.) 7Px3=360 | If any four items are 10 [SHET] [Cr] 4 [EXE] 210. removed from 10 items, how many different com- binations are possible? yoCu=210 IF © class officers are be- |25 [pir] [:G] § [=] 15 SA)LG] | ing selected for a class of | § [ex] | 15 boys and 10 girls, how many combinations @fe possible? Atleast =| 6ne girl must be included | in each group. asCs—15Cs=50127 50127.‘i = 2 @ Other functions (V_, x2 x-1, 2! V, RAN#, ABS, INT, Example Operation [__Display FRAC) Fama T onesian Display ibat G the integer part | [sai] [Inr][ (] 7800 [=] 96 [) ] fx] 81. of? V2-+5=3. 65028154 2 AS5 Be 3.65028154 What is the fraction part | [wet] [Fe] [] 7800 | 96 [) | [Exe] 0.25 Egat R=54 23 I 4 es 7800, of a? #) Be 54. 96 12 BADE | 925: What is the aliquot part | 2512549139 =]2141 [Bd 1173540. | of 2512549139--21417 (or [ree] [(] 2512549139 BU=1X2K3X--- 8) |B [stiT] [x7] [EXE] 40320. 241 Dee @.99953 =40320 N35X42X49—42 Garr ET] 36 PX] 42 [=] 49 1] Ee | 42. Random number genera | [ai] fang [be (Ex) 0.792 tion (pseudorandom number from 0.000 to 0.999) | WorVee=7 |OO 3 Ss eDIF BOs 4E4 bed Ai. Vi—sin40°= 1b“ e” 0. 7660444431 =cos 40° F(T) E11 lal 40 DIL | DIBE 0. 7660444431 (Proof of cos#= (Continuing) [si] os" [Ans] [Exe] 40. V1—sin*8) = ee) A 4 Ba 0. 5430803671. | EE) 6 SF] Le] Le) 5) 8 Bae Le BE 0.5430803571 What is the absolute |e] 3 4D | 8. 1249387366 value of the common logarithm of 3? |. 1249387366 40 ay2-4 BINARY, OCTAL, DECIMAL, HEXADECIMAL COMPUTATIONS @Binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal computations, conversions and logical operations are performed in the Base-n mode (press [Mooi] [=] ) @The number system (2, 8, 10, 16) is set by respectively press- ing [Bin] , (051) , [Dec] or [Hex] , followed by [Ext] . @Number systems are specified for specific values by pressing [SF] , then the number system designator ( [b] , [o] , [4] or [h] ), immediate- ly followed by the value. @ General function computations cannot be performed in the Base-n mode. @ Only integers can be handled in the Base-n mode. If a computation produces a result that includes a decimal value, the decimal portion is cut off. Computations can be handled up to 32 bits. Binary Up to 32 digits (displayed by pressing Bos] » (m= 1~4) [Exe] ) Octal Up to 11 digits Decimal Up to 10 digits Hexadecimal Up to 8 digits @The total range of numbers handled in this mode is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F. If values not valid for the particular number system are used, attach the corresponding designator (b, 0, dor h), or an error message will appear. Valid values Binary. 0,1 Octal 0, :1,32, 3, 4 5,6, 7 Decimal 0, 1, 2, 3,, 4, 5,6, 4% 8; 9) Hexadecimal 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, Dy E;, |F @ Negative numbers in binary, octal and hexadecimal are expressed as twos complements. To distinguish the A, B, C, D, E, F used in the hexadecimal system from standard letters they appear as: A, IB, C, D, E, F. Computation range (in Base-n mode) Binary Positive: (001101000100000000 001000001 =10000000000000000000000000000000 Octal Positive:17777777777=x=0 Negative:37777777777 2x= 20000000000 Decimal Positive:2147483647>z7>0 Negative: — 1 =x=—2147483648 Hexadecimal Positive: 7FFFFFFF =x=0 Negative: FFFFFFFI 280000000 @ Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversions Example [ Operation Display —]-“Base-n” What are the decimal [Des] [Exe] “Dec” values for 2Ay, and 2745? | HT] [n] 2 A [Exe] 42. i} 274 [Exe] 188 What are the hex- | [Fal “Hex” adecimal values for 123), S##i][a] 123 [ae 0000007 B and 1010;? Sel [b] 1010 Ee 000000 A What are the octal values | [oa [exe] >“Oct’ for 15\¢ and 1100,? Sen] 15 be 00000000025 ‘Se [B] 1100 Fa 90000000014 What are the binary a] EX] “Bin” values for 36) and 3B7,,? S#][c] 36 [ev 00100100 (sHei][h] 3B7 |exé| 7 10110111 ~ 9@000011~ (=1110110111) (Continuing) [Bock] 2 [ex]lM Negative expressions Example Operation Display | ong [=] “Base-n” How is 110010, express- | [Bal[EXi] “Bin” (1st block) ed as a negative? | [Nea] 1100100 [exe] 11001110 (2nd black) [Block] 2 [exe] 11111111 (3rd block) Block] 3 [EXE] 111111117 (4th block) or 4 [exe 19111111 (=191919111111111111111111111001110) How is 72, expressed as | [Oal[Ext] “Oct” a negative? [Nea] 72 [EXE] 37777777706 How is 3Aje expressed as | [ad[EX] “Hex” a negative? [Nea] 3 [Exe] EFFEFEC6 1234 EE) Se] [A] 1EF 2) 1234+ 1EF\p+24,=2352, sril[e 24a] =125810 | [sel BE For mixed basic arithmetic operations, multiplica- tion and division are given computation priority over addition and suoracier 00000002352 1258 ® Logical operations Logical operations are performed through logical product (AND), logical sum (OR) and negation (NOT) @ Basic arithmetic operations using binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal values Example Operation Display [woe [=] > “Base-n” 101112+110102=1100012 | in) [EXé] —>“*Bin” 10111 EE} 11010 [ee 00110001 B47 )¢—DF jp =A68j¢ ex [EXE] “Hex” B4? [=] DF [Bt eaoeencs 123.XABCs=37AF4,, | i] [o] 123 Ex] ABC EE] 00037AE4 = 22808410 [Dec} [EXE] 228084 1F2D,,—100:0= 788110 HF] [h] 1F2D E) 100 Be) 7881 =1EC9, | [Red ER 00001KC9 7654g=12s0 [Be Ee] “Dec” =334. 3333333,. ||SFi][o] 7654 [=] 12 BE 334 =5165 Oat 90000000516 * Computation results are displayed with the decimal portion cut off 44 Example Operation | Display (woce) [=] ->“Base-n” 196 AND 1Aig=18;¢ [Hex] [Exe] “Hex” 19 [aa] 14 Be 00000018 1110, AND 36,=11102 Bin > Bin” 1110 faa) bar [0] 36 Ex] | 00001110 23, OR 61,=63, [dai] EX] “Oct” 23 [o-] 61 [Exe 00000000063 120;¢ OR 1101.=12Dj5 [Hex] [EXE] > “Hex” 120 [er] SHE] (B] 1101 Exe 9000012D 1010, AND (Aj; OR7js) | Ea BE] > “Bin” =1010. | 1010 fend] CC] [sr] [fh] A [or] [SHAT] h)7 Dee) 90001010 Negation of 12345 [Oc] =*Oct” Noi] 1234 [Exe | 37777776543 Negation of 2FFFED,, —_| [Hs] [Be] “Hex” fier] 2FFFED [Be FED00012 452-5 STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS @ Standard deviation @ Standard deviation computations are performed in the SD mode. (Press fd [x], and “SD” illuminates on display.) @Before beginning computations, the tabulation memories are cleared by pressing [sl] followed by [s¢ (ie) key) and then [Ex] . @ individual data is input using 1] ([¥] key). @ Multiple data of the same value can be input either by repeatedly pressing [21] or by entering the data, pressing [SF , followed by a value that represents the number of times the data is repeated, and then [oT] . @Standard deviation = : fs ; Using the entiro date of a —2)! Sat_(Sa)4 : i : Ele 2) | 22 (22)'/" | finite poputation to determine Fi z the standard deviation for the opulation. 5 " Using sample data for 2 = Set (S2)2 Pee yee a) [s2*(3a)/n populetion to determine the oe n al 71 standard deviation for the population. @Mean ii n The values for n, Ex, and Lx? are stored in memories W, V, and U respectively, and can be obtained by pressing [HHX| followed by the memory name and then [Bt] (i,e, [ArH] [W] [Ex] ). 46 Example | Operation | Display Data 55,54,51,55, inoot| [x] > “SD” 53,53,54,52 'iF7|[53] [XE] (Memory clear) 55 (ov) 54 (or) 51 (07) 55 [or] 53 [ou] [or] 54 [07] 52 [or] 62. Results can be obtained in any order desired. (Standard deviation o») (eT [ee] XE] (Standard deviation %»—1) BH) fe] (BE) (Mean =) 55) Z) Ed (Number of data m) [aon [W]e (Sum total Ex) farai][(WJ [oe (Sum of squares Dx") pal [0] Be unbiased variance, the | 55 [=] Sl difference between each | 54 [=] [si] datum, and the mean of | 51 [=] [S#i]L2] le) | What is deviation of the | (Continuing) [it fa] [2] [Bt] | ee the above data? What is and xox-1 for the following table? Class GF 1e- pee, | quency | 1 2 3 4 5 [Wl ed ce 1.316956719 1.407885953 53.375 8. 427. 22805. 1, 982142857 1.625 0.625 —2.375 110. 130. 150. 170. 190. 70. 137.7142857 18, 42898069 Erroneous data clearing/correction | (correct data operation: 51 fi) @ If 50[iJis entered, enter correct data after pressing fal] ( Le key). ® 149 [bi] was input a number of entries previously, enter correct data after pressing 48 [a] 47*Erroneous data clearing/correction II (correct data operation : 130 fr] 1 31 fy) © If 120 #1] [[]is entered, enter correct data after pressing [Ac] . @ If 120 [##] [5] 31 is entered, enter correct data after pressing [AC] . @® if 120 [S| [5] 30 [D1] is entered, enter correct data after pressing ® i 4.20 [i] [7] 30 [57] was entered previously, enter correct data after pressing 120 [A] [5] 30 [). @ Regression computation ® Regression computations are performed in the LR mode. (Press [lot , and “LR” illuminates on display.) Before beginning computations, the tabulation memories are cleared by pressing [if] followed by [Sa] and then [bg . Individual data are entered as x data [si] [.] y data [D7] . Multiple data of the same value can be entered by repeatedly press- ing [i] . This operation can also be performed by entering x data [54] > ]y data [si] [5] followed by a value representing the number of times the data is repeated, and then [1] . @If only z data is repeated (x data having the same value), enter [si] [5] y data [D1] or (| [+] » data SF] [5] followed by a value represent- ing the number of times the data is repeated, and then [pt] . elf only y data is repeated (y data having the same value), enter x data [bi] or x data Si] [5] followed by a value representing the total number of times the data is repeated, and then [oj] . @The regression formula is y=A+Bx, and constant term A and regression coefficient B are computed using the following for- mulas: Regression coefficient of Constant term of regression formula regression formula = Royse hy _ 3y-B- 3a Ba ee in n @Estimated values # and 9 based on the regression formula can be computed. @ The correlation coefficient 7 for input data can be computed using the following formula: mday-sasy in S¥—(39)4 *The values for n, Lx, Lx, Exy, Ly and Ly? are stored in memories W, V, U, R, Qand P respectively, and can be obtained by pressing (WF followed by the memory name and then Ex] (i.e. [aval [W] [] ). 48 {| Linear regression Example Operation Display @Temperature andthe | (M0o[=] > “LR” length of a steel bar | [SH] [5s] [Be] (Memory clear) Temp. | Length 10 (He][ +] 1003 [oT 10. 10°C | 1003mm 15 {Sie7] [+] 1005 [oT] 15. 15 1005 20 SEL | 1010 [on 20. 20 1010 25 Gel] 1011 25. 25 1011 30 Se] ] 1014 [or 30. 30 1014 Using this table the (Constant term A) regression formula and [Sart] [A] [Exe 997.4 correlation coefficient —_| (Regression coefficient B) can be obtained. Based Gam] [3] EXE 0.56 an the coufclent for | (conlation coefficient i [SHFT] [EXE] . 9826073689 steel bar at 18°C and the £ eee temperature at 1000nm | (Length at 18°C) can be estimated. 19 [sie] E) 1007.48 Furthermore, the critical coefficient (r2) and covariance eS computed. can also be | (Covariance) [(] [ae [R] E] (Temperature at 1000mm) (Cri 1000 (SHE) [2 itical coefficient) Sar] £7) Fe] Be (ae (7) x) ee Ce) Dx) [a] D ECC weal lw) E}1 0) 4.642857142 @.9655172414 chy *Erroneous data clearing/correction 10 [Se] 1003 [i] ) Oiri1 @r1 ing (cl @ If 11 BAIL] 1003 br after pressing 11 fa] -] 1003 [d] . [si] [:] 1003 is entered, enter correct data after pressing [SF] [-] 1003 [bi] is entered, enter correct data after press- (correct data operation fag) was entered previously, enter correct data 49Pe (@] Logarithmic regression Exponential regression @The regression formula is y=A+B-Inz. Enter the x data as the @The regression formula is y=A-e*(Inyv=InA+Bx). Enter the y logarithm (In) of x, and the y data inputs the same as that for linear data as the logarithm of y(In), and the x data the same as that for regression. linear regression. @The same operation as with linear regression can be used to obtain @ Correction is performed the same as in linear regression. Constant | the regression coefficient and for making corrections. To obtain the term A is obtained by [HF] [2] [a] [A] fe] , estimated value f is obtain~ hi estimated value §, [in] x [Sif] [9] ]is used, and to obtain estimated ed by ~ [sae] [5] [Be] [Se] [] [ans] Exe], and estimated value Z is obtained i value 2, y [at [2] [eq] [ori] [=] fs Be] is used. by [s] y FH] [2] Be). Ly, Ly? and Exy are obtained by Einy, E(Iny)? and A Furthermore, Ex, Zx?and Lxy are obtained as Einx, L(inx), and Linzy Zx-Iny respectively. NH respectively. - HI Example | Operation Display iI] Example | Operation Display | 2911.6 we) [set] ex] 6.9 | 21.4 | 6.9 GAR] [> ]fto] 21.4 6.9 50 | 23.5 In 29 [sie] 11.6 pa 3.36729583 12.9 | 15.7 12.9 Sar [> ] [in 19.7 [or] 12.9) A 74 | 38.0 (5) 50 Ge) 23. 5 [oy 3.912023005 19.8) 12.1 19.8 Se] |) 12..1 [or 19.8 WHI #03,|-46.4 13] 74 Bie] 38. 0 [o7 4, 304065093 7) 8.5 26.7 Siti] ] [in] 8. 5 [oT 26.7 118 | 48.9 to) 103 Sr] 46. 4 [or 4, 634728988 35.1 | 5.2 35.1 faeil[> |[h]5. 2 [or 35.4 ) to) 118 [FL | 48. 9 [or 4. 770684624 | Through logarithmic (Constant term A) | Through exponential (Constant term A) | Hy) regression of the above fan] [A]q]| —111.1283983 regression of the above sv) [=] [sre] [A] exe] 3049758747 data, the regression for- | (Regression coefficient B) | data, the regression for- | (Regression coofficient B) = mula and correlation co- si|[B]EE]| 34.02014766 mula and correlation co- ia] [B]e]| —4.920370834 | efficient are obtained. . am | efficient are obtained. _| (Correlation coefficient r) | Furthermore, respective) ome tio commicene Furthermore, the regres- Sale| —0.9972473591 estimated values and 2 Se EE eae ea ee. sion formula is used to _| (7 when xi=16) il can be obtained for (when x7=80) obtain the respective 166 [sn] [5°] [Exe] [Suet] [ 0°] [Ars [EXE] 13.8791574 Mi 31=80 and yi=73 using [in] 80 3794879487 estimated value sand | (when yi=20) the regression formula. (2when yi=73) When xi=16 and yi= 20. [ih] 20 [Sey] [2] [be 8.574868061 | 73 [suet] [2] [exe} [su] [e* | fans| [exe] 224.1541299 i iM Wl HN iil | | | | | | 50 51 i}HN [@) Power regression @ The regression formula is y=A-4°(Iny=InA+Binx). Enter both data * and 9 as logarithms (In). @ Correction is performed the same as in linear regression. Constant | term A is obtained by [si] [+] [sr] [A] Ext] , estimated value fis obtain- i ed by[ia]« Sarl [5] Ee] [| [= fas Ee], and estimated value # is obtained | by [in] -y [sae] [22] [Exe] [Sart] [e] [Ans] [Exe]. Lx, Lx? Ly, Dy? and Lxy are obtained il by Linz, L(inx)2, Liny, L(Iny)2 and Linx-Iny respectively. : | Example Operation Display | | ae PROGRAM COMPUTATIONS xt_[_yf 28 | 2410 in] 28 [StF] [+] [in] 241 0 [or] 3.33220451 30 | 3033 1h] 80 (S] > | fn] 3033 [or 3.401197382 33. | 3895 in] 33 (] > Jn] 3895 [on 3.496507561 35 | 4g91 to] 36 (Se) J [in] 4491 [or 3.555348061 HK 38 | 5717 1h] 38 [SAFI] [> ] fin] 5717 [Or] 3.63758616 Through power regres- | (Constant term A) I sion of the above data, | [ser] [e"] [Her] A] EXe]| ©. 2388003228 the regression formula (Regression coefficient B) il and correlation coeffi- [sr] [B(x] 2.771867061 ) cient are obtained. e ) Furthermore, the regres. (C&rfelation coefficient r) f | fs i r)E]| 0.9989066443 i sion formula is used to li obtain the respective } estimated values 9 and @ } when xi=40 and 3#=1000. 6587 .675955 20.262259773-1 WHAT IS A PROGRAM? This unit has a built-in program feature that facilitates repeat com- putations. The program feature is used for the consecutive execution of formulas in the same way as the “multistatement” feature is used in manual computations. Programs will be discussed here with the aid of illustrative examples. EXAMPLE: Find the surface area and volume of a regular octahedron when the length of one side is given. f Length of one side (A) | Surface area (S) | Volume (V) 10cm ( Joni |( ont QA 7 ( | ) 15 ( ) | ) Za *Fill in the parentheses. @ Formulas For a surface area S, volume V and one side A, S and V for a regular octahedron is defined as: S=2V3A2 @ Programming Creating a program based on computation formulas is known as “pro- gramming’. Here a program will be created based upon the formulas given above. The basis of a program is manual computation, so first of all, consider the operational method used for manual computation. Surface area (S): 2 [XJ] 3 XJ Numeric value A [#] Volume(V): 7] 2 E] 3 Kx] Numeric value A [2] 3 Be In the above example, numeric value A is used twice, so it should make sense to store it in memory A before the computations. Numeric value A — [A] [A] Be 2K) 3) hea [A] I) Bg «+ “Ss 7 | 2 [=] 3 [x] [wen] [A] [2] 3 be] -- oo M With this unit, the operations performed for manual computations can be used as they are in a program. Once program execution starts, it will continue in order without stopping. Therefore, commands are re- quired to request the input of data and to display results. The com- mand to request data inputis “?”, while that to display results is “a”. A“? within a program will cause execution to stop temporarily and a “2” to appear on the display as the unit waits for datainput. This com- mand cannot be used independently, and is used together with [>] as “GuFt] [?] 5] memory name”. To store a numeric value in memory A, for example: 2A The.” command causes program execution to stop temporarily and the latest formula result or alphanumeric characters and symbols (see page 84) to be displayed. This command is used to mark positions in formulas where results are to be displayed. Since programs are ended and their final results displayed automatically, this command can be omitted at the end of a program. Here these two commands will be used in the previously presented procedure: (sit) [72] E>) [aria] [A 2k 3 fare) (A) (x?) (Sir) [a] ~ “input to memory A - ‘— Display $ 2 E13 a A] fe) 3 {4 omitted Now the program is complete. @) Program storage The storage of programs is performed in the WRT mode which is specified by pressing [id [2] (“WRT” illuminates on the display). Operation Display wit 350 _ oF ced [2 P 10123456789 When {han [2] are pressed, “WRT” appears at the upper left of the display to indicate that the unit is in the WRT mode. Then, the number of remaining steps (see page 64} is indicated at the upper right of the display. The number of remaining steps is decreased when programs are input or when memories are expanded. If no programs have been input and the number of memories equals 26 (the number of memories at initialization], the number of usable steps should equal 550. 55The larger figures located below indicate the program areas (see page 66). If the letter “P” is followed by the numbers ® through 9, it in- dicates that there are no programs stored in areas PO through P9. The blinking zero here indicates the current program area is PO. Areas into which programs have already been stored are indicated by “_™ instead of numbers. war 28 P @1_34_6789 Here the previously mentioned program will be stored to program area PO (indicated by the blinking zero): Operation Display War © ex] (Writing starts) The number at the up- = per right indicates the number of steps used in ar FS 4] | the currently specified a ee program area. When the number of in-\ put characters exceeds 2 [x 3 the capacity of the i apa] LA] (2 (er Cal =A:2XV3XA?__| | display, each subse- “! quent input character will cause the -2 a displayed characters to [uw] [A] [2] 3 Av 2=3XAx'3__| \ shift to the left. This condition will be i dicated by a “=”. After these operations are complete, the program is stored. *After the program is stored, press [ia [1] to return to the RUN mode. *Note that the following functions cannot be used in a program: 56 @ Program execution Programs are executed in the RUN mode ( [oid to be executed is specified using the [Pa] key. To execute PO: [Pa] O [ex] To execute P: 3 [pe] To execute P8: [Pa] 8 [Ee] ). The program area Here the sample program that has been stored will be executed. The surface (S) and volume (V) for the regular octahedron in the sample problem are computed as: Length of one side (A) | Surface area (S) | Volume (V) 100m — [(346.4101616)cni|(471.4045208)cm 7 (169.7409791) |(161.6917506) 15 (779.4228634) _|(1590.990258) Operation Display m1 Casa) [Pig] O [Exe] 2 10 fi] (Value of A) 346.4101615 | (S when A=10) Ei | 471.4045208 | (V when A=10) Fg] O BE ——— (Value of A) | 169.7409791 | (S when A=7) 1616917506 | (V when A=7) Pg] O BE [2 15 [Bq] (Value of A) | 7719.4228634 | (S when A=15) Be 1590.990258 | (V when A=15) +Program computations are performed automatically with each press of [ext] when it is pressed after data is input or after the result is read3-2 PROGRAM CHECKING AND EDITING (CORRECTION, ADDITION, DELETION) Recalling a stored program can be performed in order to verify its con- tents. After specifying the desired program area using [=] or |] in the WRT mode ( (uo}|[2]), the program contents will be displayed by press- ing the B€| key. Once the program is displayed, the [=] (or [=] ) key is used to advance the program one step at a time for verification. When the program has been improperly stored, editing can also be per- formed by adding to it or er: g portions. Here a new program will be created by checking and editing the previous sample program (the sur- face area and volume of a regular octahedron). EXAMPLE: Find the surface area and volume of a regular tetrahedron when the length of one side is given Sy \ Length of one side (A) | Surface area (S) Volume (V) 10 cm |( ent] Jeni 7.5 ( yt ) 20 It y It ) @® Formulas For a surface area S, volume V and one side A, S and V for a regular tetrahedron is defined as: V2 S=V3A2 SG 3, V= 79h ® Programming As with the previous example, the length of one side is stored in memory A and the program then constructed. Numeric value A— [ia] [A] Ba) 3 aaa) M2Ei12 a] When the above is formed into a program, it appears as follows: (sar) [>] =) ewe) [A] 3 [x] [ra] [A] [2] Bar] Lad) 12 [Xj mea [A] [1 3 f\2 @ Program editing First, a comparison of the two programs would be helpful Octahedron: [iar] Al] 2 ] M4) 3 &] pew) [A] [I [se] Ca) 7] [area [A] [7] 3 Tetrahedron: 4] [7] =] [2] [2] i 3 es [Al BA 2212 5 al A) 3 The octahedron program can be changed to a tetrahedron program by deleting the parts marked with wavy lines, and changing those that are marked with straight lines. In actual practice, this would be performed as follows: Operation Display rae [2 wa oa 123456789 [Displayed from the \ ee war 0] / beginning. To display 2-A:2X 73x Aldl eo the end, pres [si = \ ee =] (2) [) 2) Se 4 Move the cursor to the 2A: 2X0 3xXAd position to be deleted. foe] [bel] war _ WEBKNAO (Delete two characters.) | =] ‘wir 13] Move the cursor to the ~A:¥3xAtd2=3 | \ position to be corrected, i) [i wT 13] (Open a space for at TA 3X AMS 2H character. 12 war is Gee purer) TY 8X Aad 2512X_ | \ value. None] [71 plete, return to the RUN mode. es editing is com- 59@ Program execution Now this program will be executed. Length of ow side (A) | Surface area (S) | Volume (V) 10 cm (173.2050808)cni|(117.8511302)cn| 7.5 (97.42785793) |(49.71844555) 20 (692.820323) | (942.8090416) Operation Display (moos] [7 ae Pra] O [Exe] ? 10 [Be] 173.2050808 (Exe) 117.8511302 [Peg} © [Exe] 2 7.5 By 97.42785793 [Exe] 49.71844555 a] O [Be] ? 20 [ee 692.820323 [Exe] 942.8090416 (Summary ) Operation Keys used Program |*WRT mode specification (wood [2] check *Program area specification(Omitted if PO) = *Start verification ee], [A] Ee] * Verification of contents SE] Correction |*Move the cursor to the position to be corrected | [E] [>] *Press correct keys. a Deletion _|*Move the cursor to the position to be deleted.| [&][5] *Delete [DEL Insertion [Move the cursor to the position to be inserted| [S|] into. *Open enough spaces for the number of Sai0S characters to be inserted. *Press desired keys. 60 3-3 PROGRAM DEBUGGING (CORRECTING ERRORS) After a program has been created and input, it will sometimes generate error messages when it is executed, or it will produce unex- pected results. This indicates that there is an error somewhere within the program that needs to be corrected. Such programming errors are referred to as “bugs”, while correcting them is called “debugging”. 1 Debugging when an error message is generated An error message is displayed as follows: Step number where error was generated PO Syn ERROR’ | “Error type ‘Program area where error was generated The error message informs the operator of the program area (PO to P9) in which the error was generated. It also states the type of error, which gives an idea of the proper countermeasure to be taken. The step number indicates in which step of the program area the error was generated.@ Error messages There are a total of six error messages. @ Syn ERROR (Syntax error) Indicates a mistake in the formula or a misuse of program com- mands. @ Ma ERROR (Mathematical error) Indicates the computation result of a-numeric expression exceeds 10199, an illogical operation (i.e. division by zero), or the input of an argument that exceeds the input range of the function. Go ERROR (Jump error) Indicates a missing Lbl for the Goto command (see page 69), or that the program area (see page 76) for the Prg command (see page 66) does not contain a program. @ Ne ERROR (Nesting error) Indicates a subroutine nesting overflow by the Prg command. @ Stk ERROR (Stack error) Indicates the computation performed exceeds the capacity of the stack for numeric values or for commands (see page 15). @ Mem ERROR (Memory error) Indicates the attempt to use a memory name such as Z[5] without having expanded memories. Key operation is impossible once an error message appears. The error can be cancelled by simply pressing the [3¢] key, but pressing either [=| or [£2] before [Ac] will display the location where the error was gene- rated as long as either key is held down. * Simply pressing[=] or [>| will not cancel the error. Be sure to press |i] and then specify the WRT mode when making corrections. 62 @ Checkpoints for each type of error The following are checkpoints for each type of error: @ Syn ERROR Verify again that there are no errors in the program. Check to see that there are no mistakes in the arguments used in the program commands |i.e. Prg 10). @ Ma ERROR For computations that require use of the memories, check to see that the numeric values in the memories do not exceed the range of the arguments. This type of error often occurs with division by 0 or the computation of negative square roots. @ Go ERROR Check to see that there is a corresponding Lb! when Goto n is used. Also check to see that the program in Px has been correctly input when Prg 7 is used. @ Ne ERROR Check to ensure that the Prg command is not used in the branched program area to return execution to the original program area. @® Stk ERROR Check to see that the formula is not too long thus causing a stack overflow. If this is the case, the formula should be divided into two or more parts. @ Mem ERROR Check to see that memories were properly expanded using “io n[pe)” (Defm). When using array-type memories (see page 79), check to see that the subscripts are correct. * When an error is generated during program execution, the symbol “or “—" may illuminate. 633-4 COUNTING THE NUMBER OF STEPS The program capacity of this unit consists of a total of 550 steps. The number of steps indicates the amount of storage space available for programs, and it will decrease as programs are input. The number of remaining steps will also be decreased when steps are converted to memories. (See page 22). There are two methods to determine the current number of remaining steps: @ When [ite] [=] @] are pressed in the RUN mode, the number of re- maining steps will be displayed together with the number of memories. Exampl (woce] [=] [exe] M—26 S—505 Number of remaining steps ‘Number of memories @ Specify the WRT mode ( [Ne][2]) and the number of remaining steps will appear at the upper right of the display. At this time the status of the program areas can also be determined. Number of remaining i ai) steps poe P _123__6789 Basically, one function requires a single step, but there are some com- mands where one function requires two steps. *One function/one step: sin, cos, tan, log, (, ), 2. A, Bu 1, 2, 3, etc. *One function/two steps: Lbl 1, Goto 2, Prg 8, etc. Each step can be verified by the movement of the cursor: eagles The number of steps immediately before the position of the blinking cursor is displayed. 1b lesan teat Present cursor position At this time, each press of a cursor key ( [S| or [1] )will cause the cur- sor to move to the next sequential step. For example: 653-5 PROGRAM AREAS AND COMPUTATION MODES This unit contains a total of 10 program areas (PO through P9) for the storage of programs. These program areas are all utilized in the same manner, and 10 independent programs can be input. One main pro- gram (main routine) and a number of secondary programs (subroutines) can also be stored. The total number of steps available for storage in program areas PO through P9 is 550 maximum. Specification of a program area is performed as follows: RUN mode: Press any key from 0 through 9 after pressing the |] key. Then press [Be] . Example: PO [a] [O] [Bq] Ps Pia] [8] [Ee *In this mode, program execution begins when [it] is pressed. WRT mode: Use [&] or [3] to move the cursor under the program area to be specified and press Ex]. Only the numbers of the program areas that do not yet contain pro- grams will be displayed. “_” symbols indicate program areas which already contain programs. Example: P 123, fa 9 I Program areas 0, 4, 8 and 8 already contain programs. ™@ Program area and computation mode specification in the WRT mode Besides normal function computations, to perform binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal computations and conversions, standard deviation computations, and regression computations in a program, a computation mode must be specified. Program mode specification and program area specification are performed at the same time. 66 First the WRT mode is specified ( [Mit] [2]), and then a computation mode is specified. Next, the program area is specified, and, when Ea] is pressed, the computation mode is memorized in the program area. Henceforth, stored programs will be accompanied with the computa- tion mode. Example: Memorizing the Base-n mode in P2 Assuming that a Me P 9123456789 |\nothing is stored.| as P 0123456789 | (Specify P2.) poee aera (Specify the Base-n PH) P 0123456789 | \mode. ee As shown above, the computation mode will be memorized into a pro- gram area. @ Cautions concerning the computation modes All key operation available in each computation mode can be stored as programs, but, depending on the computation mode, certain com- mands or functions cannot be used. Base-n mode @Function computations cannot be performed. @Units of angular measurement cannot be specified. @ All program commands can be used. @Since a computation result using binary numbers is handled as 32 bits, the whole bits are not displayed at one time. Input “Block ” 4” in the program to display the respective 8-bit portion of the result (binary number). SD mode = @ Among the functions, Abs and "cannot be used. @ Among the program commands, Dsz, > and < cannot be used. LR mode @ Among the functions, Abs and VY cannot be used. @ Among the program commands, >, =, *, sz, =, =, Dsz, > and < cannot be used. 67 WM ——isi‘(‘ié‘a a3-6 ERASING PROGRAMS Erasing programs is performed in the PCL mode. Press [ic](3] to specify the PCL mode, and “PCL” will illuminate. There are two methods used to erase programs: erasing a program located in a single program area, and erasing all programs. Erasing a single program To erase a program ina single program area, specify the PCL mode and press the [Ac] key after specifying the program area. Example: Erase the program in P3 only. Operation Display os =] /Program areas PO,\ fond [3] P 12 _45678_ les and P9 contain | \programs. / 488 \ SIRIB] penigegearer | (eee) 7 SZ] /The program is eras} Es |__P -12345678_ | [od and the number “3” is displayed. | Return to the RUN\ mode. @ Erasing all programs To erase all programs stored in program areas 0 through 9, specify the PCL mode and press [3#] and then pa] . Example: Delete the programs stored in PO, P4, P8 and PO Operation Display P _123_567__ ar DE] P 0123456789 68 3-7 CONVENIENT PROGRAM COMMANDS The programs for this unit are made based upon manual computa- tions. Special program commands, however, are available to allow the selection of the formula, and repetitive execution of the same for- mula. Here, some of these commands will be used to produce more conve- nient programs @ Jump commands Jump command are used to change the flow of program execution. Programs are executed in the order that they are input (from the lowest step number first) until the end of the program is reached. This system is not very convenient when there are repeat computations to be performed or when it is desirable to transfer execution to another formula. It is in these cases, however, that the jump commands are very effective. There are three types of jump commands: a simple un- conditional jump to a branch destination, a conditional jump that decides the branch destination by whether a certain condition is true or not, and count jump that increases or decreases a specific memory by one and then decides the branch destination after checking whether the value stored equals zero or not. (@] Unconditional jump The unconditional jump is composed of “Goto” and “LbI” . When pro- gram execution reaches the statement “Goto n” (where 2 is a number from 0 through 9), execution then jumps to “Lbl 2” (is the same value as Goto 2). The unconditional jump is often used in simple pro- grams to return execution to the beginning for repetitive computa- tions, or to repeat computations from a point within a program. Unconditional jumps are also used in combination with conditional and count jumps. Example: The previously presented program to find the surface area and volume of a regular tetrahedron will be rewritten using “Goto 1” and “Lb! 1” to allow repeat computations. The previous program contained: txt a Ay ih MR Bui ha Ante de Vans sicaills 2s) Kanha eons 19 steps Hereinafter, commas ( , ) will be used to separate steps for the sake of clarity. 69Add “Goto 1” to the end of the program, and add “Lbl 1” to the begin- ning of the program as the branch destination. If this is simply left the way it is, however, the volume will not be displayed and execution will move immediately to the input of one side at the beginning. To prevent this situation, insert a display com- mand (4) in front of the “Goto 1”. The complete program with the unconditional jump added should look like this: Ubl. 1.3. 2. 9. AS. Vi 38. Xx. Ag ae dy ARE 22 14 120 XR 3, de Goto, | Now let's try executing this program. + For details on inputting programs and editing programs, see sections 3-1 and 3-2. 25 steps Operation Display Pr] [O} [Exe] (Stored in PO.) 10 [ea 773, 2a50808 | (ales of the 4) Exe 117. 8511302 [Ex ? 7.5 97. 42785703 (iets ngth of the gice) exe 49. 71844555 Exe ? Since the program is in an endless loop, it will continue execution. To terminate execution, press [Nc] [7]. (woos [3 oi Besides the beginning of the program, branch destinations can be designated at any point within the program. Example: Compute y=aa + b when the value for x changes each time, while a and b can also change depending upon the computation. Program Uae A, =. 2. > oO Bueolbla de. Ps Xs A, X,. X, +, B, 4, Goto, 1 23 steps When this program is executed, the values for a and b are stored in memories A and B respectively. After that, only the value for x can be changed. In this way an unconditional jump is made in accordance with “Goto” and “LbI”, and the flow of program execution is changed. When there is no “Lbl 2” to correspond to a “Goto ”, an error (Go ERROR) is generated. 70. - [@ Conditional jump The conditional jump compares a numeric value in memory with a con- stant or a numeric value in another memory. If the condition is true, the statement following the “=” is executed, and if the condition is not true, execution skips the statement and continues following the next “:” or “A”. Conditional jumps take on the following form: Left Relational Right _. State- ah State- side operator side ment | 4 ment % Either can be used. One memory name (alphabetic character from A through Z), constant numeric values or computation formulas (AX 2, D—E, etc.) are used for “left side” and “right side”. The relational operator is a comparison symbol. There are 6 types of telational operators: =, ¥, =, =, >, <. Left side = right side (left side equals right side] Left side * right side (left side does not equal right side) Left side > right side (left side is greater than or equal to right side) Left side < right side (left side is less than or equal to right side) Left side > right side (left side is greater than right side) Left side < right side (left side is less than right side) The “=” is displayed when [ii [7] are pressed. If the condition is true, execution advances to the statement following >. If the condi- tion is not true, the statement following > i is Ss oxieped and execution jumps to the statement following the next “:” or “”. if true——] Left Relational Right _,State- { * side operator _side ment If not true State- ment A statement is a computation formula (sin AX 5, etc.) or a program command (Goto, Prg, etc.), and everything up to thenext “:” or “A” is regarded as one statement. Example: If an input numeric value is greater than or equal to zero, compute the square root of that value. If the input value is less than zero, reinput another value, Program Lbl, 1, 3. 2%. AG. AL 2. OS. VL AL dy Goto. 1 16 steps 7|i | In this program, the input numeric value is stored in memory A, and then it is tested to determine whether it is greater than, equal to or less then zero, If the contents of memory A are greater than or equal to 0 (not less than zero), the statement (computation formula) located between “=>” and “A” will be executed, and then Goto 1 returns ex- ecution to Lbl 1. If the contents of memory A are less than zero, ex- ecution will skip the following statement to the next “4” and return- ed to Lbl 1 by Goto 1. Example: Compute the sum of input numeric values. If a 0 is input the total should be displayed. Program Oe Balen LB 1, 2, 2s As in As 5, @), >. Goto, 2.2. Ay hs B, >. By % Goto. 1, :, Eble p25 2308 31 steps In this program, a O is first stored in memory B to clear it for computa- tion of the sum. Next, the value input by “? > A” is stored in memory A by “A=05” and it is determined whether or not the value stored in memory A equals zero. If A=0, Goto 2 causes execution to jump to Lbl 2. If memory A does not equal 0, Goto 2 will be skipped and the command A+B—B which follows “:” is executed, and then Goto 1 returns execution to Lbl 1. Execution from Lb! 2 will display the sum that has been stored in memory B. Actually, the display command “4” is inserted following B, but here it can be omitted, The following illustration shows the flow of the program: (ASO) A=@ > Goto 2: A+B B : Goto 1 (ASO) Lbl 2:8 (A=0) [@] Count jump The count jump causes the value in a specified memory to be increas- ed or decreased by 1. If the value does equal O, the following state- ment is skipped, and the statement following the next “:” or “” is executed. The “Isz” command is used to increase the value in memory by 1 and decide the subsequent execution, while the “Dsz” command is used to decrease the value by 1 and decide. Memory contents +0 lsz_ Memoryname : Statement { a Statement Memory contents = 0 Memory contents +O Dsz Memoryname : Statement {i} Statement Memory contents = 0 Example: Increase memory A by one «---- Isz A Decrease memory B by one «----- Dsz B Example: Determine the average of 10 input numeric values. Program 1, @, >, AL. @ >, Cy Lbl, 1, 3, ?, >. BY :. BL +. C, >. GL Dsz, A, :, Goto, 1, :, C. +. 1, 0 32 steps In this program, first 10 is stored in memory A, and 0 is stored in memory C. Memory A is used as the “counter” and countdown is per- formed the specified number of times by the Dsz command. Memory C is used to store the sum of the inputs, and so first must be cleared by inputting a 0. The numeric value input in response to “?” is stored in memory B, and then the sum of the input values is stored in memory C by “BCC”. The statement Dsz A then decreases the value stored in memory A by 1. If the result does not equal 0, the following statement, Goto 1 is executed. If the result equals 0, the following Goto 1 is skipped and “C+10” is executed. .Example: Determine the altitude at one-second intervals of a ball thrown into the air at an initial velocity of Vm/sec and an angle of S°. The formula is expressed as: h=Vsin6t—3gt, with g=9.8, with the effects of air resistance be- ing disregarded. Program Degen: Vs ds Lbl. 1. 3. Isz, Ty ON Bs Xs TT. at hs Sh Maen Ay ise SSS Vi x, sin, SX. T. 5 2, 4, Goto. 1 38 steps In this program the unit of angular measurement is set and memory T is first initialized (cleared). Then the initial velocity and angle are input into memories V and S respectively. Lbl 1 is used at the beginning of the repeat computations. The numeric value stored in memory T is counted up (increased by 1) by IszT.Inthis case. the |sz command is used only for the purpose of in- creasing the value stored in memory T, and the subsequent jump does not depend upon any comparison or decision. The sz command can also be used in the same manner as seen with the Dsz command for jumps that require decisions, but, as can be seen here, it can also be used to simply increase values. If, in place of the Isz command, another method such as “T+1—T” is used, five steps are required in- stead of the two for the (Isz T) method shown here. Such commands are convenient ways of conserving memory space. Each time memory T is increased computation is performed according to the formula, and the altitude is displayed. It should be noted that this program is endless, so when the required value is obtained, {cng [7] are pressed to terminate the program. 74 (Summary) Command | Formula Operation Uncondi- —_|Lbl 2 Performs unconditional jump| tional jump |Goto (7 = natural to Lbl 2 corresponding to number from 0 through |Goto 9) Conditional |Left Relational Right 5 Left and right sides are com-| jump side operator side pared. If the conditional ex- pression is true, the state- ment after > is executed. If not true, execution jumps (Relational operators: =. |t9 the statement following PS = SI the next : or 4. Statements include numeric expressions, Goto com- mands, etc. State- | ° \ State- ment | 4! ment Count jump |Isz Memory name: Numeric value stored in State. | || State. memory is increased (Isz) or ment { y } ment __|decreased (Dsz) by one. If result equals 0, a jump is per- Bes Memory, ab at formed to the statement State- ! } State- following the next : or 4. ment (4) ment Statements include numeric (Memory name consists |expressions, Goto com- of single character from |mands, etc. A through Z.) @ Subroutines A program contained in a single program area is called a “main routine”. Often used program segments stored in other program areas are called “subroutines”. Subroutines can be used in a variety of ways to help make computa- tions easier. They can be used to store formulas for repeat computa- tions as one block to be jumped to each time, or to store often used formulas or operations for call up as required. 15a Subroutine Main routine The subroutine command is “Prg” followed by a number from O through 9 which indicates the program area. Example: Prg 0---:--Jump to program area 0 Prg 2::+++-Jump to program area 2 After the jump is performed using the Prg command, execution con- tinues from the beginning of the program stored in the specified pro- gram area. After execution reaches the end of the subroutine, the pro- gram returns to the statement following the Prg 2 command in the original program area. Jumps can be performed from one subroutine to another, and this procedure is known as “nesting”. Nesting can be performed to a maximum of 9 levels, and attempts to exceed this limit will cause an error (Ne ERROR) to be generated. Attempting to use Prg to jump to a program area in which there is no program stored will also result in an error (Go ERROR). *A Goto n contained in a subroutine will jump to the corresponding LbI 2 contained in that program area. Example: Simultaneously execute the two previously presented pro- grams to compute the surface areas and volumes of a regular octahedron and tetrahedron. Express the result in three decimal places. This example employs two previously explained progtams, and the first step is to input the specified number of decimal places ( Noo!) [7. 3)). 76 > P2 Pa PS [> P39 | Prg4q Prg8 Prg9 |; fae a Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Now let’s review the two original programs. Regular octahedron PO Fix, 3. 2, >, AL: 2, XV SX. AC dy Nee Be iA WS 23 steps Regular tetrahedron Pa FiXw Suche it oA wact Wille Geum tea NIZE 2, eA ee: 22 steps Total: 45 steps If the two programs are compared, it is evident that the underlined portions are identical. If these portions are incorporated into a com- mon subroutine, the programs are simplified and the number of steps required is decreased. Furthermore, the portions indicated by the wavy line are not identical as they stand, but if P1 is modified to: ¥V . 2. +. 3, x, A. #, 3. +, 4, the two portions become identical. Now the portions underlined by the straight line will be stored as an in- dependent routine in P9 and those underlined with the wavy line will be stored in P8. ROM IETS enuere 12 steps PB VV. 2, +, 3, x, A. uw, 3 8 steps After the common segments have been removed, the remainder of the regular octahedron formula is stored in PO, and that of the regular tetrahedron is stored in P1. Of course, the “Prg 9” and “Prg 8” must be added to jump to subroutines P9 and P8. PO Prg, 9, :, Ans, X, 2, 4, Prg. 8 9 steps P1 Prg, 9, 4, Prg, 8, :, Ans, +. 4 9 steps Total: 38 steps With this configuration, execution jumps to program P9 at the begin- ning of programs PO and P1, three decimal places are specified, the value for one side is entered, and the surface area of the tetrahedron is computed. The expression “2” of the original octahedron formula was omitted in P9, so when execution returns to PO, “Ans 2” is used to obtain the surface of the octahedron. In the case of P1, the result of P9 needs no further modification and so is immediately displayed upon return to P1. WWComputation of the volumes is also performed in a similar manner. After a jump is made to P8 for computation, execution returns to the main routines. In PO, the program ends after the volume of the oc- tahedron is displayed. In P1, however, the result computed in P8 is divided by four to obtain the volume of the tetrahedron. By using subroutines in this manner, steps can be shortened and programs become neat and easy to read. The following illustration shows the flow of the program just presented. PO Pg PI Prod: Fixd 2 2 AG Prod d Lf 3K Age [oS ae ee at aneeoay 2 7E Prg8 : Ans +4 Prg 8 a+ y 24+3XKA 4 | 283 4 By isolating the common portions of the two original programs and storing them in separate program areas, steps are shortened and pro- grams take on a clear configuration. ws} 3-8 ARRAY-TYPE MEMORIES @ Using array-type memories Up to this point all of the memories used have been referred to by single alphabetic characters such as A, B, X, or Yi. With the array-type memory introduced here, a memory name {one alphabetic character from A through Z) is appended with a subscript such as [1] or [2]. » Brackets are input by|A*4|[-] and [ses] [Exe] . Standard Array-type memory memory A AIO] B AL] Cc Al2] D AISI Proper use of the subscripts shortens programs and makes them easier to use. Example: Input the numbers 1 through 10 into memories A through i Using standard memories To x: Atay 9. Be 2. 8. eiG. 4 Ss BY 6 OB 6. OF 7. OG. 8. >. HS 9, >. I 1, ® >. J 40 steps Using array-type memories Qs Zo Wolke 1s Z. be 1h es ASI Zo ds Isz, Zo 1. Z. <, 1, 0, >, Goto, 1 26 steps In the case of using standard memories, inputting values into memories one by one is both inefficient and time consuming. What happens, if we want to see a value stored in a specific memory? Using standard memories Lbl, 1, 3. 2, >. Z 2s By ae =a Deyas 3. F. As 8. Sy 4. 610 3 de 70 steps 1Using array-type memories Lbl, 1, 3. 2, Dy 2.1 AY LZ. —s 1. 1, dy Goto, 1 16 steps The difference is readily apparent. When using the standard memories, the input value is compared one by one with the value assigned to each memory A=1, B=2,.. With the array-type memories, the input value is immediately stored in the proper memory determined by “[Z—1]”. Formulas (Z—1, A+10, etc.) can even be used for the subscript. @ Cautions when using array-type memories When using array-type memories, a subscript is appended to an alphabetic character that represents a standard memory from A through Z. Therefore, care must be taken to prevent overlap of memories. The relation is as follows: | | Alo] alt] al2] al3] al4] ats] ate) efol ef1] e[21 8f3) ef4] Bf5) fo] of1] of2] cfs] of4] ‘Al23] A(2é] (2s) (26) afz7) [22] B{23] Bi24] B(2s) Bf26) [21] of22] ef23] ote] cles] fo) GUI7] GLE) GLIs) Gl20) G21] x(1] x2] x3] x14] y(o} v1) vE2] y{3] Z[0) 21) 202) The following shows a case in which array-type memories overlap with standard format memories. This situation should always be avoided. Example: Store the numeric values from 1 through 5 in memories Al1] through AIS! respectively. Boosts Cy obbloids ts, Css Asal Cs lacs Dsz, C, :, Goto, 1, :, ALL deh 4 AL 2. 1 de AS Le 3. 1, 4 ALL. 4. 1. 4 ALL. 5] 44 steps In this program, the values 1 through 5 are stored in the array-type memories A[1] through AI5]I, and memory C is used as a counter memory. When this program is executed, the following results are ob- tained Operation Display Fs] O Be Be Ee Be] Fels [pe] 5. As can be seen, the second displayed value {which should be 2) in AI2] is incorrect. This problem has occurred because memary AI2] is the same as memory C. A B ¢ D E iE At] Al2] AI3] AL4]_—AI5) The content of memory C (A[2]) is decreased from 5 to O in steps of 1. Therefore, the content of memory A[2] is displayed as 0.@ Application of the array-type memories It is sometimes required to treat two different types of data as a single group. In this case, memories for data processing and those for data storage should be kept separate. Example: Store data x and y in memories. When an x value is in- put, the corresponding y value is displayed. There will be a total of 15 pieces of data. Example program 1 Memory A is used as the data control memory, and memory 8 is used for temporary storage of the « data. The x data are stored in memories CI1] (memory D) through CI15] (memory R), and the y data are stored in memories CI16] (memory S) through C30] (memory Z(7)). Isis AS =, Def, 7. 2, Eb tests 2s raya Acs Tice L Pes Cy Ty Ay by 1555 J, ty Isz, A A, =. 1, 6, >, Goto, 2, :, Goto, 1, :, Lbl, 2 8, OO ALK 2S. Bk BL = Goto, 5. :, Lbl. 3, =. C. 1A, 1.->.. Goto. 4. 2. Dsz, to. 3. :, Goto, 2. :. Lbl, 4, AS Hy 1, 5, 1, dy Goto, 2, 2. Lbl, 5 98 steps In this program, memories are used as follows: axdata Cit) C[2] C[3] cla] CIS) clé] C{7] cls} D Ee F G H ' J K C{[9] Cl10] C{11] Cl12] Cl13] Cl14] C15) L M N ° P Q R y data Ci16] C17] C18} C{19] C{20] C21] C22] C[23] Ss T U Vv Ww xX v. Zz C24] [25] Cl26] Cl27] Cl28] Cl29] C30] 21) -2(2) -2(3) 2/4) 25) 26) 27) Example program 2 The same memories are used as in Example 1, but two types of memory names are used and the x and ydata are kept separate 1, >. A, 3. Defm, 7. 3, UblS 1e en ee Gr AS ss 7. Ry I AS I Isz. Av, Ay =. 1, 6, >, Goto, 2, : Lbl, 2. 2. 1. 5, ey AL 2 5 BY B, =, @. >, Goto, 5, +, Lbl, 3, :, BL =. C. [, A. 1, 3, Goto, 4. +. Dsz, A, :, Goto, 3, :, Goto, 2. :. bbl, 4. 2. RL, AV 1, 4, Goto, 2. 3, Lol, 5 92 steps Memories are used as follows: x data cit) C2) C3) C4] C[5) C[6] ci) cis] D E F G H 1 J K Clg} C10) C11] C12] C{13] Ci14] CI15] La M N O° P Q R y data RO] R [2] R [3] R41 RIS) R [6] RI7I RI8) s Tt U Vv WwW x No ‘z RI9] RM0] R11] AM12) RI13]) R114] RI15) Z(1) Z(2) 2(3) 2(4) Z(5) Z(6) Z(7) In this way, the memory names can be changed. However, since memory names are restricted to the letters from A through Z, the ex- panded memories ( [tx [=] can only be used as array-type memories. +The memory expansion command (Defm) can be used in a program. Example: Expand the number of memories by 14 to make a total of 40 available. Defm, 1,4, 5. 77" 833-9 DISPLAYING ALPHA-NUMERIC CHARACTERS AND SYMBOLS Alphabetic characters, numbers, computation command symbols, etc. can be displayed as messages. They are enclosed in quotation marks ( [Aaa] [Po] ). @ Alpha-numeric characters and symbols Characters and symbols displayed when pressed following [A] : I. 1 My k, m. BY ny py space, AS By Cop EB. FG. HO dL KO MA Ne O. P, @ Ri Sea T.,U, V. We xX. YZ @Numbers and symbols dipslayed when pressed directly (Comp mode): Mi, AUN): SE) 0a ie STE. 2), O71, B38! ANS. 6. 7. 1B, 88 - J ve((BEl), ee ree © Symbols displayed when pressed following [i] (Comp mode): 2, My sof fO}), e(fel, MEA me oy i. By =, ¥. 2. 5. >. <. om «PPR. Cl Bed) @Symbols displayed when pressed directly (Base-n mode): A, B.C, D. EF Symbols displayed when pressed following [si] (Base-n mode): d. h, b. o Symbol displayed when pressed following [fm 5 (SD mode): Symbols displayed when pressed following [im] (LR mode): Ry Vouay won RS ®@Symbols displayed when pressed following [Hi cept Base-n mode): “@)) (f)). ([6)) fF] [wong (all modes ex- *Alphanumerie characters and symbols are one-letter commands. Therefore, such expressions as “sin” or “xa.” cannot be used. Ba In the preceding example requiring an input of two types of data (x,y), the prompt “?” does not give any information concerning the type of input expected. A message can be inserted before the “?” to verify the type of data required for input. Eble Ws 2, Ss XR ty Me Ss NE As The messages “X=” and “Y=” will be inserted into this program. Lbly Ty 2s ye = OSS pag not used By ty Sy Ya t 4 not used If messages are included as shown here, the display is as follows: (Assuming that the program is stored in P1) Pg) 1 [EXE] x=? 10 [Exe Y=? *Always follow a message with “4A” (to display the message) when the formula continues following the message. When a message exceeds 12 characters, it is displayed by shifting from right to left, one character at a time. Example; For: ”, A,B. C.D. E,F,G.H. I. J, KLIM.N yoo |—Still not displayed. Shift to the left, ABCDEFGHIJKL | MN not displaye off of the display A | BCDEFGH|JKLM | N AB | CDEFGH| JKLMN 85PROGRAM LIBRARYCASIO PROGRAM SHEET Ne: 5 Program for . No. Number Prime factor analysis 1 Notes |otsteps -— aes 2 Description 76 Ptime factors of arbitrary positive integers are produced. 1a For 1 987694321=3% 3X 17X17 X379721 Preparation and operation ‘@ Siore the program written cn the next page. et Execute ihe program as shown below in the RUN mode (SMGIE[1}) Step) Key operation Display Step) Key operation Display 1 Pig] 0 [EXE] M? WW EXE 3803. 2 119 [Bel 7.) 12 exe] END | } 3) BE 17. 13 | EXE|| Mm? 4 | Be] END 14| 987654321 [Be 3. | i | | : j 5 | EXE|| M? 15 EXE| 3. iA ™ Hl 6 1234567890 [EXE 2. | 16 EXE] 17. lB d |r 7 Be 3.| 17 De ia emt |d 8 EXE 3.| 18 EXE 379721 « 2 = I Le —) E iy 9 EXE 5. | 19 EXE|| END | fF M. 10 EXE 3607. | 20 \c N 88 89CASIO PROGRAM SHEET No. 2 Program for No. | Note ‘Number Greatest common measure 2 Program 8 ofsteps : eH 15 iBi f i9 Euclidean general division is used to detetmine the greatest common measure for Tee a two integers a and & — an = For |a\, |6| <10”, positive values are taken as <10” a e O} = 8 werview) 7 Ge 67 rig= max (al, |b|) 4 a - = m= min (Jal, (21) : | i ee iA Goto 8 mje =e T b= 2,30. & Ting =0, then the greatest common measure (¢) will be mea. | | Example <> «2y «3> | When 4 =238 a=23345 a =522962 i i bard 6 = 3208137866 | H 1 | 1 o= 3s c=998 | Preparation and operation ‘@ Store the program written on the next page. i @ Exaoute the program as shown below in the RUN mode (Gps [D), A step| Key operation Display | Step| Key operation Display 1 Pra] 0 [EXE]| A ? W J i i 2 238 [Eel] B ? 12 : it - — 3 374 [ExE| 34. | 13 y i 4 exe] A? 14 i j UNE ! 5 23345 |EXE|| B ? 15 A a [o] Vv 6 9135 [BE 1015. | 16 Bl tm B Ww 7 EXE|| A? 17 c ne Q x iz R x 8 522952 [EXe]| B ? 18 D E S| Z 9 3208137866 | EXE) 998. | 19 le T 10 20 G u 90 J aCASIO PROGRAM SHEET [3 Program for i . No. Number Definite integrals using the Simpson's rule 3 Program Notes of steps! Description 5 yor d(gitys* — + yen) +2 yet yet + yam-2) + Ven 2 30 45 The right-hand portion of the above equation can be transformed as follows. = x Tt uct 5 Gye-14292) ved Fi 1 2 Le fa=sap 100 107 Example (1) a=0,b=1, 2m=10 7 oat) ) ea =0. 7853981537 128 (2) a=2,b=5, 2m=20 cue I Le =0. 2662526769 Vt Preparation and operation jore the program written on the next page. @ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode ((a0bE) [7)) Step] Key operation Display _||Siep/__Key operation Display 1 Prg]O [EXE]] A ? " : 2 0 [Exe|| B ? 12 3 1 (Exe! 2M? | 13 4 10 [EXE] 0. 7853981537 | 14 — $ SEA? ts © | (Number of rptitions)| V é 2 [Be]| B? 16 7 P WwW 7 5 |EXE|) 2M? 7 Q x 8 20 [Bie] 0.2662526769 | 18 Bi z 5 a Zz $ i 2m T 10 20 U 92 93CASIO PROGRAM SHEET No. 4 Number Program for No. Notes A+ Y transformation 4 Pregigmh I of steps: | ee 2 15 Description a. R r ; a a Ri D 6 Rs Ry Ry 45 rai Re Ea I 65, i. ° B 1) A+Y 2) Y=a 85 Rew ek pa Reet RRR Rs 97 HR Ret Re { Re 108 R;:Ry _RaRstRsRot RR, 2 ROR iG Rit Ry Leo “i. _RER, RR +R RRR, 15 Re=RaRGR, R= Ry + Ret Ry R 13% Example (> «ay 145 Ri=12(9) Ri=100(9) 159 Re=47(0) Rs=150(9) 169 Ry=82(0) Rs=220(.0) 9. Preparation and operation 189 ‘@Store the program written on the next page. Gl ‘@ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode ([woce (1), /Step| Key operation Display Step| Key operation Display 1 [Pra] 0 [EXE] 4y:),¥-4:27 ) 11 EXE) AY 1, Yd 12? 2 1 [Exe 12 2 [EXE]| R 4: ii 3 12 [Exe 13 100 [Ee] R5= ‘ = 4 47 (Be 14 150 [Exe] Re=? a} : {ji} : a 5 82 [EXE] R4= 15 220 [Exe] R1= ny Ry H) uRst Rt BR | O v 6 Exe] 4. | 16 SXE]| 466. 6666667 B Re 1 P| Be 7 ee] R= 7 el] R2= c Ri [J ol z 8 EXE]) 2733333333 | 18 €| 82 per eee = . 7 r Exel] 31818181 NE 7 a a Zi 9 EXE|| RO= 19 EXE] R3= E Rs M Z 10 EXe]/ 6.978723404 | 20 EXE| 700. ic Rs N| For judgement |U 94 =CASIO PROGRAM SHEET No. 5 ‘Program for T No. Number Minimum loss matching | 5 PORE Tlsecan Notes |oi steps = = 10 Description 3 Calculate R; and R; which match Zo and Z; with loss minimized. (Zo>Z:) 31 R, rz 46 L— R <-% = a 7 6 Bi 2 Minimum loss Lnin=20 log (ee (e-1)uB) - ‘in Zi NGS Example : : Caleulate the valites of Ri, R; and Lpig for Zo=5009 and Z:=2000. | i i i Preparation and operation it i {Store the program written on the next page _— oi ; @ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode (WOOT) | 3 i t % i t ‘Step| Key operation Display Step) Key operation Display i r ; 1 Prg] 0 [EXE]] Z@= 2 " a 2 500 [Exe] 21= 2 12 : 3 200 [Exe] R= 13 i se | i 4 EXe]] 387.2983346 | 14 fo lies = 5 Xe] R2= 15 a) == a 0 v 6 EXE]| 258.1988808 | 16 [B = i P W 7 ExE]) LMIN = 17 le J 2 s = =r | R RL Y Zo 8 el 8,961393328 | 18 | s = — = E L s R2 z| q 9 19 | A M T Limin 10 20 le N U 96 97CASIO PROGRAM SHEET Program for ; No. Number Cantilever under concentrated load 6 1 Progra at stops| - fais 15 Description * 30 E : Young's modulus (kg/mm‘) 38 P 1 : Geometrical moment of inertia (mm) = Z 5 a: Distance of concentrated load By a from support (mm) ue Sh i—— P : Load (kg) bey 7 £ Distance of point of interest from me 83 the support (mm) mai 8 Deflection y (mm), Angle of deflection s (*], Bending moment M {kg - mm) iM 12 D t>x>a @2Sa + a eae eee 8 YS GED 5 cE VIBE cel — spa f Pat _ afPe ay aS stan” (-35) s=tan (spr l2—2a) Tal aa cxampio M2 (shearing load Ws=0) M=P(2—a) (shearing load Ws= P) ix] 159 a B= giant ix az 1=5mmt What are deflection, angle of deflection, bending mo. | ix 185 a=30 mm ment and shearing load at r=25 mm and 2=32 mm? I lt 187 P=2ke Preparation and operation = @ Store the program writen on the next page @ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode (GSH 1). Istep| Key operation Display _||Step| _ Key operation Display ‘ 1 Pro]0 [EE] E=? u Ee —10. i je 2 4000 [Ee] 1=? 12 EXE] X=? + ; 3 5 [pe] A=? 13 32 [BE] Y= ! 4 30 [exe]| p=? 14 Be] —0.99 a ; 5 2 eel| x=7 15 EX 7. = a ¥ 6 25 [Exel] y = 16 EXE| B I I P W 7 xe]| —0.6770833333 | 17 ee] m= € J 2 a es =a 4 R x 8 EXE|] S 18 Eg 0 =|> =| Ss Le Ss z| 9 EXE]/ —2.505092867 | 19 EXE|| X = | M T 10 EXE] M 20 Repeat from step 6. G N U t 98 eCASIO PROGRAM SHEET No. 7 Program ie Ne Number Parabolic movement 7 Notes |otstops 6 Description | A 36 £=(Vp cos a)t 44 y=(Vosin a)t— path | 59 74 9 =9.8 (m/s') 78 | Vo (m/s) 9 al] 103 At (sec) 108 bo) 10 | i ai Example _ Initial velocity Vo=130(m/see.) : Initial angle a =25(*) : Height h = 0(m) i At =0.5(sec.) { : Plot the trace of movement in intervals of At. = : Preparation and operation it i Store the program written on the next page pa: : ‘Execute the program as shown below in the AUN mode (WEIN). i i Step| Key operation Display | Step] Key operation Display ; + 1 Pra] O [EXE] " EXE]| T= : 2 130 [Exe]| a=? 12 BE @.5 = : ; 3 25 [exel| H=? 13 EXE]| X= i i i i 4 0 (ee) 4 T=? 14 BE] 58.91000616 2 i i : : : fr 0.5 [EXE]| T= 15 xe] Y= "TRY 5 le h 0! ; v Vo 6 EXE @. | 16 Bel) 26.24518701 |B I nie |w 7 Ee] X= 7 BE] T= sc J Q 2 | 3 | EXE| 18 Re eat fi step 12. =P is x x @. epeat from step = a a : 9 EXE] Y= 19 le M Ir at 10 Be @. | 20 ie Wi U ai 100 101CASIO PROGRAM SHEET Program for No. Number Normal distribution 8 Boon Notes ot steps i 9 Description CG 3 igix 24 Obtain normal distribution function # (x) iby Hastings’ best approximation). = { re 39 fial-[' tee x Q i a Fail: XE ian 3/4 64 fr iL ef ai iti 516 79 "if 3 jai an 34 Pulr=yp ee a: ig oe 109 3 i 3 124 Heel dole + ott cat oat of | z —_ 3: mi Txt 137 P =0. 2316419 78147937 jo : C,=0. 31938153 1821255978 £ i = C= 0. 356563782 Cs=1, 330274429 i Example Calculate the values of ¢ (x) at x=1.18 and 2=0.7. i i Preparation and operation ; : t ‘re the program written en the next page. : cecute the program as shown below in the RUN mode (oD 7) | : Step) Key operation Display Step] Key operation Display i ; 1 Prg]0 [EXE] X=? nl i i 2 1.18 [Be] Px = 12 $ 3 Exe] @, 889999696 | 13 4 erg) 0 exe] x=? 4 oe : 5 0.7 [EXE]; Px = 15 ] A i 0 Vv 6 Exe] 9.7580361367 | 16 B 1 2 w 7 7 iS ii Q st x = R x 8 18 i Z E a s z 9 19 Fs wl T : 10 20 6 N U 102 ; 103CASIO PROGRAM SHEET Ne: esata fe tp (ioe ZI Program Notes [umber Desoription al wo: : i : oo Pook | ‘cc oe ae oe Example Preparation and operation 9): i tore the program written on the next page. i” Y @ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode ((woDe|]). 7 + Step] Key operation Display Step] Key operation Display | { ra 1 Ju i ae 2 [12 r ; 3 [13 oo 4 14, 5 | 18 | A H o ¥ 6 16 B I P Wi 7 7 lc J Q x D K R ie 2 ls B E i 8 z 9 19 E iv T 10 20 c il uU 104 1sCASIO PROGRAM SHEET Wo ae MS A g Program Notes [Mme Description ji a ay =a zz : = Example BL i _i - - Preparation and operation 3 in i i fore the program written on the next page. : ——_— - ; : @ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode (RESB). i {ria pei i l Key operation Display | Step| Key operation Display + i es ' i" i i : : 12) ‘act ; = 13 : 7 ; ' 4 : i i 15 Cy | a) H 0 Vv 16 B I e W 7 le I Q x =— 8 K R ¥ 18 2 2 i E E s Z 19 | - M T 20 iG N U 107CASIO PROGRAM SHEET ASI PROGRAM SHEET No. Program for No. umber | Program Notes ot steps Description i i Exampie Preparation and operation © Store ihe program written on the next page, @ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode ((wc05 (71), ] Key operation Display Step] Key operation Display N| e[slelefelste] |. 109CASIO PROGRAM SHEET No. BSS RS ES ae eNO Soar We (crc Program Notes [ses i=! it i Description | ; r ae: i i 4 i Is ; G i [7 i le : 9 ii 10 i a ji i i ji2 i Example + Preparation anu operation © Store the program writen on the next page. @ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode ((wobé [i). Step] Key operation Display Step] Key operation Display 1 i EB 2 : 3 3 j 4 14 Z : 5 15 al H Vv 6 16 B I WwW. 7 7 e|C) J X j Fa =(p| K ¥ gle L Z 9 19 fs M 10 | 20 G N 110 - inCASIO PROGRAM SH No. amb Program for be (mone (2) Program Notes Ener i Li Desoription Ie i I3 i i ai : el: Ee i i : - ; Example : : Prey and ration ‘ ‘®Store the program written on the next page. . $ : @ Execute the program as shown below in the RUN mode (OIE 1). i A i step} Key operation Display Step] Key operation Display ; : ; 1 "1 ! ! 2 12 LE 4 — + a i i 3 13 26 i | | 4 14 27 i ‘ 2 i poe i 5 15 a H 0 v 6 16 23 I P WwW 5 7 7 al J 2 x }o R Y 8 18 | a ‘ ; Sr L [S| z 9 19 RIF aa] T 10 20 i N U 112 V3REFERENCE MATERIAL@ Manual computations Mode specifica-|Comp mode _| Four arithmetic computations and tion (ee) | function computations. |Base-n mode |Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal (00) [F]) | conversions and computations, logical operations. SD mode Standard deviation computations ( (|Z) ) | (1-variable statistical computations). LR mode Regression computations (paired ¢ (wood =] ) variable statistical computations) Functions Type A Function command input immediate- functions ly before numeric value. sin, cos, tan, sin~', cos~', tan“, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh~, cosh-", tanh, log, In, , 105,¥, ¥, Abs, Int, Frac Type B Function command input immediate- functions ly after numeric value. Paired variable functions A eat, AI Function command input between two numeric values. Numeric value enclosed in parentheses input im- 'Mediately after function command. A» B (A to the Bth power), | B 80 A (A to the 1/8th power), || AnPrB, AnCrB, Pol(A,B), Rec(A,B) *A and B are numeric values. Immediately executed functions Displayed value changed with each Press ofa key. | CENG, ENG, ©?) Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal computations Setting number system | Number system specification Se |Number system for the numeric Decimal ++ Hexadecimal Binary Octal exe] value entered immediately after can be specified regardless of the current-| ly set number system. To specif Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Octal -- + A] sx] [sa] [] el [e) a] ( ( ( ( ell Se] ) ) ) ) Logical operations lor. A input numeric value converted to binary and each bit computed. Result) converted back to number system used for input, and then displayed. Not .... Reverse of each bit and ..... Logical product of each bit Logical sum of each bit Standard deviation computations Data clear sam) (56) Ee ( [Sa] = Bq) Data input Data (;frequency) [07] ( or] = * Frequency can be omitted. Data deletion Data (frequency) [6i] ( [a] = [2]) *Frequency can be omitted. Result display Number of data (7) A [ve] [ERE] ( Sum (Ex) Leal [Ze] [exe ( Sum of squares (Ex?) i [aueaal [2x4] [exe] ( [Ee] = [1] ) Mean (2) Populati + ++ [BHF] [ne | (Exe) ( [2m] = [2] ) Sample standard deviation (xox—1) " coos [BH] fies] [BE] ( fs] = [B])Regression Data clear computations % PI Data input [sir] [Sa] [Eee] ( (S8] = fae) ) x data, y data (; frequency) [> (fol = BI) * Frequency can be omitted. Data deletion x data, y data (; frequency) [a (fl) =) Frequency can be omitted. Result display Number of data (7) aa +H Sum of # (Lx) --- [ara] Sum of y (Zy)---[AAa ‘Sum of squares of Sum of squares of y (Ly?) Sum of products of x and y ( sre 6 Mean of x (z)--- 1 Mean of y (5) ---[548] [5] [Bel ( B] = [4 Population standard deviation of x 2 J 5 (xan) + ” “50x | EXE] ( [20a] = ) Population standard deviation of (an) <--++---> [SE] Lo] [Be ( ) Sample standard deviation of x (Xon—1) see [SH] [toe] [EX] ( fon] = [3] ) Sample standard deviation of y (Yan—1) sess SFT] fara] EX] ( Ges] = [6] ) Constant term of regression formula (A) (si) [A] fe} ( [A] = []) ession coefficient (B) : fsa] [s (Correlation coefficient (r) Horeca +++» He] [F] Bg] ( FF] = [S5)) Estimated value of x (2) soy data fa] [2] be (}= i) Estimated value of y (9) & data [He] (9) &«] ([F]= E)) Special functions Ans function The latest result obtained in manual Or program computations is stored in memory. It is recalled by pressing fans] . *Mantissa of numeric value is 10 digits. Replay function *After computation results are ob- tained, the computation formula can be recalled by pressing either <} or [=>]. elf an error is generated, pressing either [] or [=] will cancel the error and the point where the error was generated will be indicated by a blinking cursor. Multistatement. function Colons are used to join a series of statements or computation for- mulas. If joined using “4”, the computation result to that point is displayed. Memory expansion The Number of memories can be ex- panded from the standard 26. Memories can be expanded in units of one up to 68 (for a total of 94). Eight steps are required for one memory expansion. [No [-] number of memories to be ex- panded [Ex¢|@ Program computations Program input |Input mode — |WRT mode ( [ia [2]) Computation |Mode that conforms with program mode specified by: [wood -] , [Nove] ) , wong Dx] , ‘or {uoog =] . Program area |Cursor is moved to the desired pro- specification gram area number (PO through P9) using [&] and [5] , and [EX] is pressed. Program Execution RUN mode ( [wood [7] ) execution mode Program area |Execution starts with [Fs] program Specification | area No. [Be] . Program Input mode WRT mode ( [ion] [2] ) editing Program area Cursor is moved to the desired pro- Specification gram area number (PO through P9) using [] end [8], and [Be] or [sti] fee] are pressed. Editing Cursor is moved to position to be edited using [6] and [=] . *Press correct key for corrections. Press [oe] for deletions. ‘*Press [sir] [its] to open a space (13) for insertion. Program Erase mode PCL mode | [ox [3] ) erasing. Erasing a Cursor is moved to the desired pro- Program ina |gram area number (PO through P9) single program |using [=] and [] , and [iq is pressed. area Erasing the Press [suet] [Na] . programs in all program areas Program commands Unconditional jump Program execution jumps to the LbI 2 which corresponds to Goto n. *2 = 0 through 9 Conditional Jump \f conditional expression is true, the statement after “=” is executed. If not true, execution jumps to the statement following next “:” or “4”. True ~ Not true (©: Formula CH): Relational operator : Statement * The relational operator is : =,*,>,<,2 or <. Count jump ‘The value in a memory is increased ‘or decreased. If the value does not equal O, the next statement is exe- cuted. If it is 0, a jump is performed to the statement following the next| “” of <4”. Increase WhenG@Dso Memory name When@=0 When@so Saale: Memory - name * When@®=0. : Statement Value in memory Isz Decrease Dsz Subroutines Program execution jumps from main routine to subroutine indicated by Prg n (2 =O through 9). After execu- tion of the subroutine, execution returns to the point following Prg » in the original program area. 121@ Error messages @ Formula in a program contains an error. | Message | Meaning Countermeasure Syn @ Computation formula @® Use [&] or &] to display ERROR contains an error. the point where the error was generated and cor- rect it. @® Use [S] or [5] to display the point where the error was generated, press [Ad] and then correct the pro- gram in the WRT mode. Ma ERROR |@ Computation result ex- ceeds computation range. @ Computation is perform- ed outside the input range of a function. @ Illogical operation (divi- sion by zero, etc.) O@® Check the input numeric value and correct it. When using memories, check that the numeric values stored in memories are correct. Stk *Execution of computa- Simplify the formulas to ERROR tions that exceed the keep stacks within 8 capacity of the stack for | levels for the numeric numeric values or stack values and 20 levels for for computations. the computations. © Divide the formula into two or more parts. Mem *Attempt to use a memory ®Expand memories using ERROR such as Z[5] when no [wooe| [+] (Defm). memory has been expand- ed. ®Use memories within the current number of memories. Go ERROR @) No corresponding Lbl » to Goto. @No program stored in pro- gram area Px which cor- Tesponds to Prg x. © Correctly input a Lbi n to correspond to the Goto i, or delete the Goto 7 if not required. @ Store a program in pro- gram area Pn to corres- pond to Prgm, or delete the Prg 7 if not required. Ne ERROR | ®Nesting of subroutines by Pron exceeds 9 levels. *Ensure that Prg is not used to return from subroutines to main routine. If used, delete any unnecessary Prg n. *Trace the subroutine jump destinations and ensure that no jumps are made back to the original pro- gram area. Ensure that returns are made correct- ly. 123@ Input range of functions (general principles) sinh x, cosh x tanh x sinh~'x cosh” tx tanh" log x, Inx 10* Vr Ve (x?) mPr, nCr Pal (x,») Rec (7,6) Function name Input range sint, cosy, tanz | |x|<1440° (8zrad, 1600grad.) sin-'x, cos-tz | |x| <1 tan- Wx |x] < 10700 ee —10'°9 |x| $2777777.777. If degrees, minutes and sexagesimal | seconds exceed a total of 9 digits, the higher (degrees, minutes) values will be given priority, and displayed in 9 digits. Statistical |x| <10%, |y|<10%, |n|<10%00 computation | Octal number Hexadecimal * As a tule, the accuracy of a result is +1 at the 10th digit. * Errors may be cumulative with such internal continuous computa- tions with the functions, #, x’, x! Vx, Pr, Cr and accuracy is sometimes affected. * In tan, |x] *90°x (2n+1), |x| S5radx (2n+1), |x| *100grad.(22+-1) (7 is an integer.) * With sinh x and tanh x, when x=0, errors are cumulative and ac- curacy is affected. * Certain combinations or permutations may cause errors due to overflow during internal calculations. 125SPECIFICATIONS Model: fx-4000P Computations Basic computation functions: Built-in functions: Statistical computation func- tions: Memories: Computation range: Rounding: Negative numbers, exponents, parenthetical ad- dition/subtraction/multiplication/division (with priority sequence judgement function’ - true algebraic logic). Trigonometric/inverse trigonometric functions (units of angular measurement: degrees, ra- dians, grads), hyperbolic/inverse hyperbolic functions, logarithmic/exponential functions, reciprocals, factorials, square roots, cube roots, powers, roots, squares, decimal-sexagesimal conversions, binary-octal-hexadecimal conver- sions/computations, coordinate transforma- tions, permutations/combinations, +, random numbers, absolute values, integers, fractions. Standard deviation-number of data, sum, sum of squares, mean, standard deviation (two types) Linear regression—number of data, sum of x, sum of y, sum of squares of x, sum of squares of ¥, mean of x, mean of ¥, standard deviation of «(two types), standard deviation of y(two types), constant term, regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, estimated value of x, estimated value of 26 standard (94 maximum) +1X 107 9~ +9,999999999 x 102 and 0. Internal operation uses 12-digit mantissa. Performed according to the specified number of significant digits or the number of specified decimal places. [reararas| Number of steps: Jump function: Subroutines: Number of stored programs: Check function: Common section Display system and contents: Error check function: Power supply: Power consump- tion: Battery life: Auto power off: Ambient temperature range: Dimensions: Weight: 550 maximum Unconditional jump (Goto), 10 maximum Conditional jump (=,+,>,<,=,<) Count jump (Isz, Dsz) 9 levels 10 maximum (PO to P9) Program checking, debugging, deletion, addi- tion, etc. Liquid crystal display (12 digits}, 10-digit man- tissa and 2-digit exponent, binary, octal, hex- adecimal display, sexagesimal display, condi- tion displays (WRT, PCL, , LR, SD, Base-n, 0,0.06,5, @, hyp, Dec, Hex, Bin, Oct, Fix, Sci) Checks for values exceeding 10'%, illogical com- putations and illogical jumps; error messages displayed. Two lithium batteries (CR2032) 0.01W Approximately 450 hours on type CR2032 Power is automatically switched off approxi- mately 6 minutes after last operation. OC-40°C (32°F—-104°F) 9.3mmH x 71.5mmW x 132.5mmD ("HX 20/\W X 5%5"D) 876 (3.1 02) including batteries 127sos UG GUIDE 'SHOBC8080D Printed in Japan —— Manual computations * Mode specification [Gompmode | Four anthmets computatons and EE] _| function computations. Basecn mode | Binay, oval, decal, hexadecimal Tage) || ceverstersendcomputatons lotic! so Standard] deviation computations B)_| ttveriableetetietieat computtione TR paade la [[aeaqeseisaicnantialienr TED | teatedearste caitatical comentaticns) ” Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal compu- tations Sorting Decimal w a) ee Hexadecimal...) fl) Binary He i) Octal Bele ( fe] = [a] ) Number Decimal @i@=41 Sree sgn_| Hexadecimal Binary octai Topical Not = Reverse of each be cperations | und — Cepial product of cach bt (or — Logical sum of each bit * Standard deviation computations Date clear Data inout 3 Date deletion x(; Frequency] Ses Bt Frequency) Result display Number of data sum Sum of equaree Mean (a) beg (Ge) ea fe (Fo) Population standard éeviation Sample standard deviation * Regression computations Data clear Se Date input x a: Frequency) Date deletion xy: Froquoncy) Result display Number of data Sum of = Sum of y Sum of scuares of Sum of squares of y ‘Sum of products of x and y Neen of = Moan of Population siandais devetion of x (Ge) Be (be) Population standarc dewetion of - fl JE) Sample standard deviation of >. Bi fon] Sample standard deviation of .. Ga] Bel ( fos] = [6]) Constant term of rogrestion formula (Ales l= Regression coeificient Correlation coniticient Estimated value of 2 Eotimated value of ype _— Program computations —_ * Program input (1) Input mort: WAT mode (BGR FZ) {21 Computation mode: Mode that confotrns with pregram specitied by (os) =], jw [=]. te] [x} or wos] [=] 18) Program arco speciiestion: Cursor ie moved to the desited program area number (PO threugh PO) using and [©] . and [Et] is pressed. “ Program execution (1) Beatin mode AUN mode EE)LT (2) Program area specification: Execution starts with peers * Program erase (1) Etese mode: Pct meee (5) [3]) ) Sanratencreeiacnsseeeancrs Geet Geeta nie kearelpee anita junter [PO through PO) using [2] end [2], ond [As pressed. {}_Etesing tho programe in all program areas Press [fe * Program commands Unconditional jump: Goto n— Loi n{n=0 — 9) Conditional jump: Tie — Foumuta PAlstonal —goyryig oy Ste siote pa TRUM tan Ug) ee | __ not rue “The relational operator is: Count jump: The value in a memory is increased er decreased. Increase: Ihe value is no: 0 sz Memory name: Statement {1} Statemont J Wife value sO Decrease Vthe value is not 0 Ds: Memory name : Statement 1 Stone Fike walue is 0 ——— Error message list ___ Message Meaning Syn ERROR | @ Computation formule coniains an Formula in 2 pregram conteins an Ma ERROR | © Computation result exceeds com putation range. © Computation is performed outside the input rengo of a function © Ilegical operation |civision by zero ee) Go ERROR | @ Nocorresponcing LbIn to Goto n ©.No pragram stared in program area Ph which corresponds to Pron No ERROR | © Nesting of eubroutines by Pra ex coeds 9 levels Sth ERROR | © Execution of computatiens tha cand the capacity of the stack for rumen values or slack for compu: Mem ERROR | @ Attempt to use 2 memory such as 2.15] when ao mamory has been expanded