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Hubungan anrtara indikasi, pemrakarsa dan prosedur


ceasarean section dengan terjadinya infeksi luka operasi
di RSUD Prof. DR. W Johannes Kupang
Penulis

Utami, Rasvitri
Pembimbing: Prof. dr. Iwan Dwiprahasto, M.Med.Sc, PhD

ABSTRACT : Background: Patient safety is a global issue that has become world wide
attention. The impact of patient safety is significant; it increases morbidity; mortality and
economic loss. One of the patient safety indicator is surgical site infection which is in the
third rank with the incidence as much as 14% - 16% of nosocomial infection. All surgical
interventions including caesarean section bring risk for the incidence of surgical site
infection. Caesarean section is increasing over years either nationally or internationally.
Caesarean section has to be undertaken according to standard operational procedure, based on
indication. However, lots of caesarean section are carried out without indication initiated
either by the doctor or the patient. Lots of factors can affect the incidence of surgical site
infection. These factors may come from health staff, environment, device, and the patient.
Some studies reveal the incidence, prevalence and risk factors of surgical site infection. In
December 2008 there were (7) cases of surgical site infection at Prof. DR. W.Z. Johannes
Hospital Kupang, 4 of them had another operation due to deheciency and the incidence rate
of surgical site infection and factors affecting the incidence of surgical site infection are
unknown. Objective: To find out the relationship between indication, initiator and procedure
of caesarean section and the incidence of surgical site infection. Method: The study was
prospective observational method. Subject of the study were all patients having caesarean
section from June 9 to July 10 2009 at Prof. DR. W.Z. Johannes Hospital Kupang. The
dependent variable was surgical site infection (SSI) and the independent variable were
indication, initiator and procedure of caesarean section. Data were analyzed using chi square
and multivariate logistic regression. Result: There was no association between indication and
the incidence of SSI. There was no association between initiator and the incidence of SSI.
There was association between non standard procedure of caesarean section and the incidence
of SSI (p<0.05). The incidence of SSI at Prof. DR. W.Z. Johannes Hospital was 16.7%; the
location of the incidence of SSI was 7 (43.7%) at inpatient room and 8 (50.0%) at the
Polyclinic during control and 1 (6.3%) came back for hospitalization. Types of SSI found
were: superficial SSI in 12 patients (75.0%), deep incisional SSI in 4 patients (25.0%) and 4
patients (25.0%) had second operation due to deheciency. No antiseptic shower preoperative
(OR=5.9: (95% CI=1.2-28.5), non standard surgical attire (OR=8,4; 95% CI=1.6-43,0) and
no handwashing prior wound care (OR=54.6; 95% CI=8.9 334.6) were risk factors for the
incidence of SSI. Conclusion: No standard procedure of caesarean section was associated
with the incidence of SSI. Keywords: caesarean section, indication, initiator, procedure,
surgical site infection

INTISARI : Latar belakang: Patient Safety merupakan issue global yang menjadi perhatian
seluruh dunia. Dampak dari masalah patient safety amat besar yaitu meningkatkan angka
kesakitan, angka kematian juga kerugian ekonomi. Salah satu indikator patient safety adalah
Infeksi Luka Operasi (ILO), dimana menempati urutan ke 3 dengan insiden 14%-16% dari
angka infeksi nosokomial. Semua tindakan pembedahan termasuk caesarean section berisiko
untuk terjadi Infeksi Luka Operasi. Caesarean section dari tahun ketahun semakin meningkat
baik diluar maupun didalam negeri. Prosedur caesarean section selayaknya dilakukan sesuai
standard operating procedure, berdasarkan Indikasi, namun demikian banyak caesarean
section dilakukan tanpa indikasi baik pemrakarsa oleh dokter ataupun oleh pasien.Teori
menyebutkan: banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya infeksi luka operasi.
Faktor tersebut dapat bersumber dari petugas kesehatan, lingkungan, alat, serta dari pasien
sendiri. Banyak penelitian yang mengungkap insiden, prevalensi serta faktor risiko infeksi
luka operasi. Di RSUD Prof.DR.W.Z.Johannes pada bulan Desember 2008 ditemukan (7)
kasus infeksi luka operasi, 4 diantaranya menjalani operasi ulang karena mengalami
dehesiensi, dan belum diketahui angka kejadian infeksi luka operasi sebenarnya dan apa saja
yang mempengaruhi terjadinya infeksi luka operasi tersebut. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk
menghubungkan antara Indikasi, Pemrakarsa dan Prosedur Caesarean Section dengan
terjadinya infeksi luka operasi. Metode: Jenis penelitian prospective observational. Subyek
penelitian adalah seluruh pasien yang menjalani caesarean section dari 9 Juni 2009 sampai 10
Juli tahun 2009 di RSUD Prof.DR.W.Z.Johannes Kupang. Variabel dependen adalah Infeksi
Luka Operasi dan variabel independen adalah Indikasi, Pemrakarsa dan Prosedur Caesaerean
Section, data dianalisa dengan chi square dan multivariate regressi logistic. Hasil Penelitian:
Tidak ada hubungan antara Indikasi caesarean section dengan terjadinya Infeksi Luka
Operasi. Tidak ada hubungan antara Pemrakarsa caesarean section dengan terjadinya Infeksi
Luka Operasi. Ada hubungan antara Prosedur caesarean section yang tidak sesuai standard
operating procedure dengan terjadinya Infeksi Luka Operasi (p<0,05). Kejadian Infeksi Luka
Operasi di RSUD Prof.DR.W.Z.Johannes sebesar (16,7%) dari 96 sampel, tempat terjadinya
Infeksi Luka Operasi: di Rawat Inap: sebesar 7(43,7%),di Poli Klinik waktu kontrol
besarnya: 8(50,0%), dan yang kembali masuk rumah sakit untuk Rawat Inap: 1(6,3%).
Bentuk Infeksi Luka Operasi: Superficial 12 (75,0%), Deep Incisional 4 (25,0%), dan yang
mengalami operasi ulangan oleh karena dehesiensi 4 (25,0%). Tidak mandi sebelum operasi
(OR=5,9; 95% CI:1,2-28,5), kelengkapan Alat Pelindung Diri tidak sesuai standar (OR=8,4;
95% CI:1,6-43,0) dan tidak cuci tangan sebelum merawat luka (OR=54.6; 95%CI:8,9-334,6),
merupakan faktor risiko untuk terjadinya Infeksi Luka Operasi. Kesimpulan: Prosedur
caesarean section yang tidak sesuai standard operating procedure dapat meningkatkan
kejadian Infeksi Luka Operasi. Kata Kunci: Indikasi, Pemrakarsa, Prosedur Cesarean Section
dan Infeksi Luka Operasi.
Kata kunci
Program Studi
No Inventaris
Deskripsi
Bahasa
Jenis
Penerbit
Lokasi

Indikasi,Pemrakarsa,Prosedur cesarean section,Infeksi luka operasi


S2 IKM/MMR UGM

c.1 (4244-H-2009)
xiv, 72 p., bibl., ills., 29 cm
Indonesia
Tesis
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2009
Perpustakaan Pusat UGM

http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/index.php?
mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=451
10

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