microcomputer, midrange mainframe

,



,
,

2

LED




!

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

te
?



?

BlackBerry .
BlackBerry ?
4

()
Calculate comes from calculus, the Latin word
for stone
1642:
Blaise Pascal

1674 Von Leibnitz


5

19
Charles Babbage Analytical Engine,
,
,

1880
Hollerith-
(
)
On Off

IBM

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

1946
ENIAC

5000
Used vacuum tubes

.

1950s
ENIAC UNIVAC 1,
UNIVAC 1 IBM 704
100000

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

1950
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
200,000 250,000
1960

1971



1980s

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

1975
ALTAIR
1977
Commodore Radio Shack

1979
Apple computer, PC
1982
IBM PC,

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

10

PC
mainframes

: ( )


: hand-held, notebook,
laptop, tablet, portable, desktop, and floorstanding

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

11

 PC
Business Pro

Multimedia Heavy

Newcomer

2-3 GHz Core 2 Duo

processor

2-3 GHz Quad Core

processor

2 GHz Dual Core

processor

2-4GB RAM

4GB RAM

1GB RAM

500GB hard drive

500GB+ hard drive

250GB hard drive

22inch LCD display

26-inch larger LCD, or

plasma display

19-inch LCD

DVD RW drive or
portable hard drives for
backup

DVD RW drive

DVD RW drive

Network interface card

(NIC)

Network interface card

(NIC)

Network interface card

(NIC)

Color laser printer

High-end color laser

printer

Basic inkjet printer

Basic speaker system

Deluxe speaker system

Basic speaker system

12

 Microcomputer

Workstations ( )


CAD,
Network Servers ( )

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

13

 PC-

Network interface
wireless

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

14


Hand-held microcomputer
personal digital assistants (PDAs)
Web-enabled PDAs
,


PC-
BlackBerry, E- , HP iPaq,
Apple iPhone
PDA- :
Video-game consoles
Cellular and PCS phones
Chapter 3 Computer Hardware
Telephone-based home email appliances

15

Midrange Systems

High-end network servers

mainframes
,

,

front-end servers
mainframes

16

Mainframe Computer Systems

, ,



superservers
client/server networks


Data mining and warehousing
Electronic commerce applications

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

17

Supercomputer Systems

,







(gigaflops and teraflops)
$5 to $50
Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

18

()

Input ()
Keyboards, touch screens, pens,
electronic mice, optical scanners

()

Processing (, )
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU :

19


()
Video display units, printers, audio response
units


Storage ( - )
Primary storage (memory)
Secondary storage (disk drives)
Control ()
CPU

Output

20

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

21

Milliseconds (thousandths of a second)
Microseconds (millionths of a second)

Nanoseconds (billionth of a second)
Picoseconds (trillionth of a second)

Megahertz (millions of cycles per second)

Gigahertz (billions of cycles per second)
: clock speed
22

Throughput





()
.

23

Moores Law ( )

18-24
1965,



18 24
()
,

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

24

Moores Law ( )

Chapter 3 Computer Hardware

25