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Compusii halogenati sunt folositi pentru obtinerea cauciucului sintetic, maselor plastice si
erbicidelor
Clorura de metil (CH3-CH3-Cl) este un agent refri
the methyl chloride () is a refrigerant agent, and the carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) is a
uninflammable liquid used for extinguishing fires
the ethyl chloride (CH3-CH2-Cl) is a refrigerant agent; it is also used for obtaining tetra
ethyl lead (gasoline aditive)
chloroform (CHCl3) is a good solvent of lard and pitch; iodine is used in the rubber and oil
industry; also used as a medicine
the vinyl chloride (CH2=CH-Cl) is a monomer from which you obtain plastic masses
(electro isolant, synthetic leather and synthetic fiber)
mono chlorobenzene (C6H6Cl) is used to preparing the DDT insecticide
insecticide
coloranti
agenti frigorifici
solventi organici
aerosoli cosmetici de tipul spray.
1. From alkanes
alkane + X2
R-X + HX
Examples:
CH4 + Cl2
CH3-Cl + HCl
CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2
CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl + HCl
2. From alkenes
a) X2 addition
R-CH=CH2 + X2
R-CHX-CH2X (dihalogenated derivate)
b) HX addition
R-CH=CH2 + HX
R-CH=CH2 + HBr
R-CH2-CH2Br
Ar-X + HX
Ar-CH2-Cl + HCl
Ar-CH3 + 3Cl2
Ar-CCl3 + 3HCl
5. From hydrocarbon derivates
a) From halogenated derivates (X=Br,I; X'=F,Cl)
R-X + NaX'
R-X' + NaX
b) From alcohol (HX=HCl,HBr,HI)
R-OH + HX
H20 + R-X
[SLIDE 8, 9... (depinde cum incap, dar ca sa para mai mult poti pune si un compus pe slide
dar de preferat ar fi 2 compusi halogenati in fiecare paragraf e descris un compus )]: ALTI
DERIVATI HALOGENATI
Clormetanul, clorura de metil, CH3Cl, se poate obtine impreuna cu ceilalti deriva clorurati ai
metanului, prin clorurare directa. Clormetanul pur se prepara prin tratarea alcoolului metilic
cu acid clorhidric sub preiune. Produsul gazos al reactiei se spala cu apa si cu acid sulfuric
concentrat, se lichefiaza apoi prin comprimare si se pastreaza in cilindri de otel. Clormetanul
se intrebuinteaza frigului si ca agent de metilare.
Diclormetanul, clorura de metilen, CH2Cl2, se fabrica prin clorurarea directa a metanului;
serveste ca dizolvant.
Triclormetanul, cloroformul, CHCl3, se prepara din alcool etilic sau acetona, prin incalzire cu
o solutie de clorura de var. alcoolul etilic este intai oxidat de clorura de var in acetaldehida,