9

O

,
,


(, )




(Plant Growth
Promoting Rhizobacteria, PGPR)

Anabaena azolla

Anabaena
azolla

zolla

Azolla



Rhizobium
(Leguminosae)
A Frankia
.


Rhizobium Frankia
N2

N2



3

 Rhizobium


Nod:


,

Nif & Fix: T

nif



fix



Rhizobium sp. Sinorhizobium meliloti

-

Mesorhizobium loti



2
e-
2


hup

2 e- +
2

100 Rhizobium

(, )


()

Rhizobium

, , , ,

, . .

 Rhizobium
20
Nitragin
Rhizobium
Soil mplant :
Gold CoatTM:
Cell -Tech :
Nitragin Gold :

(, ,
)

1. nif
Pseudomonas.


2. nif

(Plant Growth
Promoting Rhizobacteria, PGPR)

(95%)



arbuscules
Glomus,
Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Sclerocystis, Paraglomus etc

 ()
Glomeromycota

,

-

- ,

-
- ,
,

4-14% C



1.
2.

(
, )

(
)

(Plant
Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, PGPR)

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria


PGPR;
1.

2 (

)
2.

3.

4.

5.

1. 2

2

2

 2
Azoarcus
Beijerinckia sp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae

Pantoea agglomerans
Rhizobium sp.

 PGPR

!!!!!!!!

PGPB

(minimal N media)


PGPR;
1.

2 (

2.

3.

4.

5.

2.
PGPR



i.

ii.

Fe

i.



(, Fe, Al)

( )

: 24- () 4-2 ()

i.

, ,
2- , ,
Fe, Al

i.
(
, , , ,
)

(
)



:
Phylazonit M: Bacillus megaterium Azotobacter
chroococcum ,

Kyusei EM:

ii. Fe
Fe Fe+2 (
) Fe+3

Fe

ii. Fe
(siderophores)
Fe+3

Fe

Fe


PGPR;
1.

2 (

)
2.

3.

4.

5.

3.

zospirillum brasilense 63%

10

 PGPR
PGPR
(),

, .
PGPB

 PGPR
PGPR

,

CC

H ACC (A 1-

1 )
CC

Aeromonas veronii

Agrobacterium sp.

zospirillum brasilense

ACC

Comamonas
acidovorans

Paenibacillus
polymyxa

Pseudomonas
fluorescens

Bacillus sp.
Alcaligenes sp.

Bacillus pumilus

P. cepacia

Variovorax paradoxus


PGPR;
1.

2 (

)
2.

3.

4.

5.

4.

i.
ii.

PGPR helping
bacteria

i.

:
PGPR

Rhizobium
PGPR

nod

- rhizobium

PGPR
Rhizobium (helping bacteria)

Pseudomonas syringae

Azospirillum brasilense

P. putida

zospirillum lipoferum

Bacillus sp. & Pseudomonas sp.

Aeromonas hydrophila
Serratia proteamaculans
Azospirillum brasilense

ii.

O :



P-solubilizing


PGPR;
1.

2 (

)
2.

3.

4.

5.

5. PGPR
PGPR

266 PGPR :
83%
58%
54%

 PGPR
PGPB zospirillum
A. brasilense

A. lipoferum
A. amazonense
A. halopraeferens
A. irakense


Azospirillum sp.
1.

2.

(,
, )

3.

4.

Rhizobium

 Azospirillum sp.
107 Azospirillum

PGPB
, PGPB

:
PGPB 1)
() 2)

(, PAHs)

 Azospirillum
Azo-GreenTM: Azospirillum
brasilense

Zea-NitTM: A. brasilense
. lipoferum


;
M