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Nobel laureates of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following list includes Nobel laureates of Indian
origin.
The Nobel Prize is a prominent annual prize,
awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or
Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economics.
Contents
1 Indian citizen laureates
o 1.1 Rabindranath Tagore
o 1.2 C. V. Raman
o 1.3 Mother Teresa

o 1.4 Amartya Sen

o 1.5 Kailash Satyarthi
2 Mahatma Gandhi
3 Laureates of Indian birth and origin who were
erstwhile Indian citizens
o 3.1 Hargobind Khorana
o 3.2 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
o 3.3 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
4 Laureates with Indian connections
o 4.1 Ronald Ross
o 4.2 Rudyard Kipling
5 See also
6 References
Indian citizen laureates
The following are Nobel laureates who were Indian
citizens at the time they were awarded the prize.[1]

Year

Laureates

Subject

Notes
First non-European
laureate. As a British
Indian subject,
Rabindranath
knighted in 1913
1913
Literature
Tagore[2]
(renounced in 1919
in protest over the
Jalianwala Bagh
Massacre).
Knighted (as a
C. V.
1930
Physics British Indian
Raman[3]
subject) in 1929.
An ethnic Kosovar
Albanian from the
region of Yugoslavia
Mother
now in the Republic
1979
Peace
Teresa[4]
of Macedonia;
became a naturalised
Indian citizen in
1948.
Amartya
1998
Economics
Sen[5]
2014 Kailash
Peace
face of the Indian
Satyarthi[6]
movement Bachpan
Bachao Andolan

Year

Laureates

Subject

Notes
against child labour
since the 1990s

Rabindranath Tagore
Main article: Rabindranath Tagore
Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913
"because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and
beautiful verse, by which, with consummate
skill, he has made his poetic , expressed in his
own English words, a part of the literature of the
West"
Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 - 7 August 1941)
was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his region's
literature and music. Author of Gitanjali and its
"profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse", he
became the first non-European to win the Nobel
Prize in Literature in 1913. In translation his poetry
was viewed as spiritual and mercurial; his seemingly
mesmeric personality, flowing hair, and otherworldly
dress earned him a prophet-like reputation in the
West. His "elegant prose and magical poetry" remain
largely unknown outside Bengal.He wrote the Indian
national anthem "Jana Gana Mana" and composed

the anthem music as well and later another work of

his "Amar Sonar Bangla" was adopted as the
national anthem of Bangladesh. This makes
Rabindranath Tagore the only Poet to have
composed the National Anthems of two nations.
Tagore introduced new prose and verse forms and
the use of colloquial language into Bengali
literatuorities as long-lost classics. He graduated to
his first short stories and dramasand the aegis of
his birth nameby 1877. As a humanist, universalist
internationalist, and strident anti-nationalist he
denounced the Raj and advocated independence
from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal
Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that
comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds
of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy
endures also in the institution he founded, VisvaBharati University. Tagore modernised Bengali art
by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting
linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs,
dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political
and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings),
Rabindranath Tagore was the first non-European and
first Asian to be awarded the Nobel Prize in

Literature. He did so as an Indian subject of the

British Empire.
C. V. Raman
Main article: Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for
the effect named after him." from Kolkata[7]
Sir C.V.Raman (7 November 1888 - 21 November
1970) was born at Thiruvanaikaval, near
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, and was awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics for 1930. He had been
knighted the year before and worked extensively on
acoustics and light. He was also deeply interested in
the physiology of the human eye. A traditionallydressed man, he headed an institute that is today
named after him: the Raman Research Institute,
Mother Teresa
Main article: Mother Teresa
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 1979 in
recognition of her "work in bringing help to
suffering humanity."[8]
Mother Teresa (born Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxiu; lived
26 August 1910 - 5 September 1997) was born in

Skopje, then a city in Ottoman Empire.She was a

Roman Catholic nun of Albanian origin and Indian
citizenship.[9] She founded the international order of
"The Missionaries of Charity", whose primary task
was to love and care for those persons nobody was
prepared to look after. For years in the slums of
Kolkata (Calcutta), her work centred on caring for
the poor and suffering, among whom she herself
died.
Nationals of Independent India have received one
Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Science in
Memory of Alfred Nobel, namely,
Amartya Sen
Main article: Amartya Sen
Awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic
Sciences 1998 "for his contributions to welfare
economics."[10]
Amartya Sen (born 3 November 1933, Kolkata) was
the first Indian to receive the Nobel Memorial Prize
in Economics, awarded to him in 1998 for his work
on welfare economics. He has made several key
contributions to research in this field, such as to the
axiomatic theory of social choice; the definitions of

welfare and poverty indexes; and the empirical

studies of famine. All are linked by his interest in
distributional issues and particularly in those most
impoverished.[11] Whereas Kenneth Arrow's
"impossibility theorem" suggested that it was not
possible to aggregate individual choices into a
satisfactory choice for society as a whole, Sen
showed that societies could find ways to alleviate
such a poor outcome.
Kailash Satyarthi
Main article: Kailash Satyarthi
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2014 jointly
with Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan for their
struggle against the suppression of children and
young people and for the right of all children to
education.
Kailash Satyarthi (born 11 January 1954) is an
Indian children's rights activist and a Nobel Peace
Prize winner. He has been active in the Indian
movement against child labour since the 1990s. His
organization, Bachpan Bachao Andolan, has freed
over 80,000 children from various forms of servitude
and helped in successful re-integration, rehabilitation

and education. He has completed his engineering

from Samrat Ashok Technological Institute (SATI),
Vidisha (M.P.) in 1974.
Mahatma Gandhi
The Norwegian Nobel Committee confirmed that
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was nominated for
the Peace Prize in 193739, 1947 and a few days
before he was assassinated in January 1948.[12] Later
members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
expressed regret that he was not given the prize.[13]
Geir Lundestad, Secretary of Norwegian Nobel
Committee in 2006 said, "The greatest omission in
our 106 year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma
Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace prize.
Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize.
Whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is
the question".[14] In 1948, the year of Gandhi's death,
the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on
the grounds that "there was no suitable living
candidate" that year. It is generally considered today
that this refers to Gandhi, and that he would have
received the prize had he lived.[13][15]

Laureates of Indian birth and origin who were

erstwhile Indian citizens
The following are Nobel laureates of Indian birth
and origin who subsequently took foreign
citizenship; however, they are still often included in
lists of Indian Nobel laureates
Year

Laureates

1968

Har Gobind
Khorana[16]

1983

Subrahmanyan
Chandrasekhar[17]

2009

Venkatraman
Ramakrishnan

Subject

Notes
Acquired U.S.
Medicine citizenship in
1966.
Acquired U.S
citizenship in
1953. Nephew of
Physics C.V. Raman, the
recipient of the
1930 Nobel Prize
in Physics.
Dual British and
Chemistry
U.S citizen.

Hargobind Khorana
Main article: Har Gobind Khorana
Shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine 1968 for his '"interpretation of the

genetic code and its function in protein

synthesis"'.[18]
Hargobind khorana (19222011), a person of Indian
origin, shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W.
Nirenberg. He had left India in 1945 and became a
naturalised United States citizen in the 1966. He
continued to head a laboratory at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States,
until his death in 2011.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Main article: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Chandrasekhar was born in Lahore, Punjab, British
India in a Tamil family. His paternal uncle was the
Indian physicist and Nobel laureate C. V. Raman. A
British Indian subject from his birth until 1947, he
remained an Indian citizen until he became a
naturalised U.S. citizen in 1953.
Chandrasekhar shared the Nobel Prize in
Physics 1983 "for his theoretical studies of the
physical processes of importance to the structure
and evolution of the stars." Subrahmanyan

Chandrasekhar shared the Nobel Prize in

Physics in 1983 with William Alfred Fowler.
Born: 9 August 1911, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Died: 21 August 1995, Chicago, IL, USA
Affiliation at the time of the award: University
of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
He determined that star cluster dynamics were
similar in nature to the Brownian motion of particles
suspended in liquids. From this research he
estimated the time it would take for the clusters to
have attained the present state of motion. After many
years of work, he published a definitive work, The
principles of Stellar Dynamics ( 1942). This pattern
of working on a particular subject until_publishing a
definitive work and moving on to another subject
became the hallmark of Chandrashekhar's career. In
his famous presentation to the Royal Astronomical
Society in 1933, he had stopped short of talking
about a complete gravitational collapse of high mass
stars, but a such a possibility had already occurred to
him. To understand this possibility he concentrated
his studies on the general theory of relativity and
relativistic astrophysics. This work lead to his
monumental publication of The Mathematical
Theory of Black Holes in 1983.

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Main article: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Citation: "for studies of the structure and function of
the ribosome"[19]
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, born in Chidambaram,
Tamil Nadu, shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in
Chemistry as a US Citizen.[20]
Laureates with Indian connections
The following are Nobel laureates with Indian
connections - those of Indian birth or descent or
those who were resident in India when they were
awarded the prize.
Year Laureates Subject
Notes
Ronald
Indian-born; British
1902
Medicine
Ross
citizen
Rudyard
Indian-born; British
1907
Literature
Kipling
citizen
Tibetan religious leader;
14th Dalai
1989
Peace
in exile in India since
Lama
1959.
2001 V. S.
Literature Trinidadian-born person

Year Laureates Subject

Naipaul

Notes
of Indian origin; British
citizen

Ronald Ross
Main article: Ronald Ross
Ronald Ross, born in Almora, Uttarakhand, India, in
1857, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 1902 for his work on malaria. He
received many honours in addition to the Nobel
Prize, and was given Honorary Membership of
learned societies of most countries of Europe, and of
many other continents. He got an honorary M.D.
degree in Stockholm in 1910 at the centenary
celebration of the Caroline Institute. Whilst his
vivacity and single-minded search for truth caused
friction with some people, he enjoyed a vast circle of
friends in Europe, Asia and America who respected
him for his personality as well as for his genius.
Rudyard Kipling
Main article: Rudyard Kipling
Citation: "in consideration of the power of
observation, originality of imagination, virility

of ideas and remarkable talent for narration

which characterize the creations of this worldfamous author"
Rudyard Kipling, born in Mumbai, 1865 (then
Bombay in British India), was awarded the Nobel
Prize in Literature in 1907. He remains the youngest
ever recipient of the Literature Nobel Prize and the
first English-language writer to receive the Prize.
His literary career began with Departmental Ditties
(1886), but subsequently he became chiefly known
as a writer of short stories. A prolific writer, he
achieved fame quickly. Kipling was the poet of the
British Empire and its yeoman, the common soldier,
whom he glorified in many of his works, in
particular Plain Tales from the Hills (1888) and
Soldiers Three (1888), collections of short stories
with roughly and affectionately drawn soldier
portraits. His Barrack Room Ballads (1892) were
written for, as much as about, the common soldier.
In 1894 appeared his Jungle Book, which became a
children's classic all over the world. Kim (1901), the
story of Kimball O'Hara and his adventures in the
Himalayas, is perhaps his most felicitous work.
Other works include the Second Jungle Book
(1895), The Seven Seas (1896), Captains

Courageous (1897), The Day's Work (1898), Stalky

and Co. (1899), Just So Stories (1902), Trafficks and
Discoveries (1904), Puck of Pook's Hill (1906),
Actions and Reactions (1909), Debits and Credits
(1926), Thy Servant a Dog (1930), and Limits and
Renewals (1932), Better Be Better than Worst
(1933). During the First World War Kipling wrote
some propaganda books. His collected poems
appeared in 1933.
See also
List of Nobel laureates
List of Nobel laureates by country
References
1.

http://www.indiavisitinformation.com/indian
-personality/Indian-Nobel-Prize.shtml

2.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/liter
ature/laureates/1913/tagore-bibl.html

3.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/phy
sics/laureates/1930/raman-bio.html

4.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/pea
ce/laureates/1979/teresa-facts.html

5.

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/eco
nomic-sciences/laureates/1998/sen-facts.html

6.

"Kailash Satyarthi - Facts". nobelprize.org.

10 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.

7.

"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930".

Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2012-06-23.

8.

"The Nobel Peace Prize 1979".

Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2012-06-23.

9.

"South Asia | India rejects Mother Teresa

claim". BBC News. 2009-10-14. Retrieved
2012-06-23.

10. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic

Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1998".
Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
11. Press Release: The Sveriges Riesbank (Bank
of Sweden) Prize in Economic Sciences in
Memory of Alfred Nobel, 1998 (14 October
1998).

12. Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001). pp. 181

186. Missing or empty |title= (help)
13. Tnnesson, yvind (1 December 1999).
"Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate".
Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 17 October 2007.
14. Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in the
21st century
15. Abrams, Irwin (2001). pp. 147148. Missing
or empty |title= (help)
16. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/med
icine/laureates/1968/khorana-facts.html
17. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/phy
sics/laureates/1983/speedread.html
18. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1968". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
19. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry
/laureates/2009/index.html
20. Science Centric (2009-10-07). "News | The
Nobel Prize in chemistry is going to Mr

Ramakrishnan, Steitz, Yonath". Science Centric.

Retrieved 2012-06-23.
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