Virgil

Aeneas

Romulus
753BC

the Consulate and the Senate

Consul & Praetor

dictator

Centurion Assembly

Hannibal
Polybius200BC~118BC

Victor David Hanson

Gracchus Brother
4

MariusSulla
CaesarPompey

52BC

JuliusJuly

Caesarism

Marcus
Brutus

Gaius OctavianusMark Antony

Cleopatra 4

diarchy

2005

Pax Romana
27BC-180AD

Nerva
5Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus, AD180
6

Diocletian, AD284-305

Co-emperor

5 TrajanHadrianAntonius

Edward Gibbon

2003
Edward Gibbon1997
2001
L. S. Starvrianos
1999
1998
2002
Fuller JF1968

10

1. AD476
2. Charlemagne
Renovatio Imperii Romani

3.

Cornelius Tacitus
1998
1988

2005

11

753BC

509BC

390BC

265BC

264-241BC

218-201BC

149-146BC

73-71BC

60BC

58-50BC

49BC

44BC

43BC

30BC

27BC

AD 14

AD 14-68

AD 64

AD 69-96

AD 79

AD 96-192

AD 113-117

AD 193-235

AD 212

AD 235-284

AD 284

AD 313

AD 330

AD 395

AD 410

AD 455

AD 476

12