HumanPhysiology:ConceptSheetUnit1

I.
Review
a. CannonsPostulates
b. Dr.RobertsRules
c. Bicarbequation
i. Acidosis,alkalosis
1. Renalandrespiratorycontrol
d. Bodyfluidcompartments
i. ECFandcomponents
ii. ICF
e. Junctions
i. Namethe3typesandtheirfunctions
f. Tissues
i. List4maintypes
ii. Epithelial
1. List5mainfunctions/types
iii. Connective
1. List6basictypes
g. Cellmetabolism
i. Enzymes
1. Activation,deactivation,modulation
ii. Syntheticpathways
1. Glycogen,lipid,protein
II.
Chapter5:Membranes
a. Osmolality
b. Tonicity
i. Hypotonicvs.Isotonicvs.Hypertonic
1. Whathappenstothecell?
c. Diffusion
i. FicksLawofDiffusion
1. Surfacearea,concentrationgradient,membranepermeability
(size,lipidsolubility)
ii. 7properties
d. ProteinMediatedTransport
i. Channelproteins
ii. Carrierproteins
1. Uniport,symport,andantiportcarriers
e. Facilitateddiffusion
i. GLUTtransporter
f. Primaryactivetransport
i. SodiumPotassiumATPase
g. Secondaryactivetransport
i. Drawexample
h. Transcytosis

III.

IV.

i. Endocytosis,exocytosis,transcytosis
ii. Transcellulartransportofglucose
1. List3channelproteinsinvolved
2. Drawdiagram
i. Insulin
i. Knowmechanismbehindinsulinreleaseinpancreaticbetacells
Chapter6:Communication,Integration,andHomeostasis
a. Membranereceptors
i. List4typesandfunctions
b. Signaltransduction
i. Drawsignaltransductioncascade
c. GProteins
i. GPCRcAMP
ii. GPRCPhospholipaseC
d. Changesinionconcentrations,gasescanactassignals.
i. Calciumassecondmessenger
ii. Gases:
1. NO
2. CO
3. H2S
e. Arachidonicacid
i. COX1/COX2
f. Oneligand.Multiplereceptors
i. Alphaandbetareceptorsofepinephrine
g. UpandDownRegulation
i. Insulin
ii. Neurotransmitters
Chapter7:Endocrinology
a. Classificationofhormonesknowsynthesisandstorage,how(andwhy)they
transportinblood,andexamplesofeach:
i. Peptide
ii. Steroid
iii. Amine
b. Peptidehormones
i. Preprohormonesandprohormones
ii. Surfacereceptorsneeded
c. Steroidhormones
i. Needplasmatransportersbutcanbindtointracellularreceptors
ii. Cholesterolparentcompoundofcortisol,aldosterone,estradiols,etc.
iii. ERalphaandERbetaformsofestrogen
d. Aminehormones
i. Derivedfromtyrosine
ii. Catecholaminesvs.thyroidhormones
e. HypothalamicPituitaryControl

i. Anteriorvs.Posteriorpituitary
ii. Anteriorpituitaryhormonepathways
iii. Posteriorpituitaryhormones
f. Negativefeedback
i. Longloopvs.shortloopfeedback
ii. Example:CRHpathway
g. Hormoneinteractions
i. Synergism
ii. Permissiveness
iii. Antagonism
h. Endocrinepathologies
i. Hyposecretion,hypersecretion
ii. Primary,secondary
iii. Androgentialsyndrome