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h ae.

+82 ;1>3

$*!?aragua  au
hor
 o
g. Def 
o of arme a

ak GOOGLE VYS
2. Co
rol
e
whe a
o of arme group  a a
of 
a
e
3. Whe elf-efe e a be  voke
4. Du
 of 
a
e whe fou   breah
a. u

o eae 
he breah
b. u

o make repara
o 
. re
ore 
a
u quo a
e
. f mpoble pa ompe a
o
o ex
 guh
o eque e of llegal a

5. Cu
omar orm ha epara
e applabl
 eve f par
of a

rea
.
6. Ex
e e of
he rule o op o jur of S
a
e mu
be o frme
b pra
e.
?aragua fle a ppla
o  

u
 g proee g aga 

he US
 repe
of a pu
e o er  g repo bl
 for ml
ar a 
paraml
ar a
v
e  a  aga 
?aragua (m  g of por
 ar
pae  fr geme
 uppor

o
he o
ra eo om meaure).
?aragua o
e 
ha

he US  reru
 g
ra  g arm g
equpp g f a  g uppl g a  o
herwe e ourag g
uppor
 g a g a  re
 g ml
ar a  paraml
ar a
o  
a  aga 
?aragua ha vola
e a   vola
 g 
 expre har
er
a 
rea
 oblga
o 
o ?aragua a   par
ular
he U? Char
er

he Char
er of
he Orga a
o of mera S
a
e
he Co ve
o
o gh
 a  Du
e of S
a
e a 
he Co ve
o o er  g
he
Du
e a  gh
 of S
a
e 
he Eve
of Cvl S
rfe. Vhe US
elara
o of aep
a e of
he ompulor jur
o of
he Cour

u er r
le 36 paragraph 2 of
he S
a
u
e o
a e a reerva
o
exlu g from opera
o of
he elara
o "pu
e ar g u er a
mul
la
eral
rea
 u le (g) all par
e
o
he
rea
 affe
e b
he
eo are alo par
e
o
he ae before
he Cour
 or (2)
he
U 
e S
a
e of mera peall agree
o jur
o ". Y vok g 

mul
la
eral
rea
 reerva
o  US argue
ha
ajua
o of lam
bae o
hoe
rea
e (.e. U? Char
er OS Char
er)  barre. Vhu

he effe
of
he reerva
o  que
o  o
merel
o preve

he
YCJ from e g upo ?aragua' lam b appl g
he mul
la
eral

rea
e  que
o ; 
fur
her preve
 
from appl g  
 eo
a  rule of u
omar 
er a
o al law
he o
e
of whh  alo

he ubje
of a provo 
hoe mul
la
eral
rea
e (  ++
 +Y
  
YY + Y  ++ Y Y
YY YYY YY  Y 
 Y !
 Y ) Vhe Cour
hel
ha
uh a
 of
he US o 

u
e breahe
of oblga
o  u er u
omar 
er a
o al law o

o 
erve e 

he affar of a o
her 
a
e o

o ue fore aga 
a o
her 
a
e
o

o vola
e
he overeg
 of a o
her 
a
e.
c
  +Y  YYYY + 
 Y + Y
ra
her
emo 
ra
e
ha

he fel  que
o  u
omar 
er a
o al
law o
 ue
o ex
alo ge
rea
 law. Vhe area gover e b

Page  of g *

he
wo oure of law
hu o o
overlap exa
l a 
he rule o

o
have
he ame o
e
. Bu
eve f
he u
omar orm a 
he

rea
 orm were
o have exa
l
he ame o
e

h woul o
be
a reao for
he Cour

o hol
ha

he  orpora
o of
he u
omar
orm 
o
rea
-law mu
eprve
he u
omar orm of 

applabl
 a 
 
from
ha
of
he
rea
 orm. Vhere are a
umber of reao  for o er g
ha
 eve f
wo orm belo g g

o
wo oure of 
er a
o al law appear e
al  o
e
 a 
eve f
he S
a
e  que
o are bou  b
hee rule bo
h o
he
level of
rea
-law a  o
ha
of u
omar 
er a
o al law
hee
orm re
a a epara
e ex
e e. Vh  o from
he 
a po
of

her applabl
. Y a legal pu
e affe
 g
wo S
a
e o e of
hem
ma argue
ha

he applabl
 of a
rea
 rule
o 
 ow o u

epe  o
he o
her S
a
e' o u
 repe
of
he appla
o of
o
her rule o o
her ubje
 alo  lue 
he ame
rea
. For
example f a S
a
e exere 
 rgh

o
erm a
e or upe 
he
opera
o of a
rea
 o
he grou  of
he vola
o b
he o
her par

of a "provo ee
al
o
he aomplhme
of
he obje
or
purpoe of
he
rea
" 
 exemp
e v-a-v
he o
her S
a
e from
a rule of
rea
-law beaue of
he breah b
ha
o
her S
a
e of a
ffere
rule of
rea
-law. Bu
f
he
wo rule  que
o alo ex

a rule of u
omar 
er a
o al law
he falure of
he o e S
a
e
o
appl
he o e rule oe o
ju
f
he o
her S
a
e  el  g
o
appl
he o
her rule. ule whh are e
al 
rea
 law a  
u
omar 
er a
o al law are alo 
 guhable b refere e
o

he me
ho of 
erpre
a
o a  appla
o . S
a
e ma aep
a
rule o
a e  a
rea
 o
mpl beaue 
favor
he appla
o
of
he rule 
elf bu
alo beaue
he
rea
 e
ablhe wha

ha

S
a
e regar a erable  

u
o  or meha m
o e ure
mpleme
a
o of
he rule. Vhu f
ha
rule parallel a rule of
u
omar 
er a
o al law
wo rule of
he ame o
e
are
ubje

o epara
e
rea
me
a regar
he orga  ompe
e

o
verf
her mpleme
a
o  epe  g o whe
her
he are
u
omar rule or
rea
 rule.

  "YY Y  
  Y  Y# c
Bou  a 
 b r
. 38 of 
 S
a
u
e
o appl 
er a
o al u
om
"a eve e of a ge eral pra
e aep
e a law"
he Cour
ma
o
regar
he ee
al role plae b ge eral pra
e. Y
he fel
of u
omar 
er a
o al law
he hare vew of
he Par
e a
o

he o
e
of wha

he regar a
he rule  o
e ough. Vhe Cour

mu
a
f 
elf
ha

he ex
e e of
he rule 
he op o jur of
S
a
e  o frme b pra
e.
 
  Y Y Y   Y +Y Vhe Cour
oe
o
o er
ha
 for a rule
o be e
ablhe a u
omar
he
orrepo  g pra
e mu
be  abolu
el rgorou o form

w
h
he rule. Y orer
o eue
he ex
e e of u
omar rule

he Cour
eem 
uffe

ha

he o u
of S
a
e houl 
ge eral be o 
e
w
h uh rule a 
ha
 
a e of S
a
e
o u
 o 
e
w
h a gve rule houl ge erall have bee

rea
e a breahe of
ha
rule o
a  a
o  of
he reog 
o
of a ew rule. Yf a S
a
e a
  a wa prma fae  ompa
ble w
h a
reog e rule bu
efe  
 o u
b appeal g
o exep
o 
or ju
fa
o  o
a e w
h
he rule 
elf
he whe
her or o


he S
a
e' o u
  fa
ju
fable o
ha
ba
he g fa e
of
ha
a


ue 
o o frm ra
her
ha
o weake
he rule.

$# YYY
  Y
  Y  Y %
Y+  Vh op o jur ma
hough w
h all ue au
o  be
eue from
he a


ue of
he Par
e a 
he a


ue of S
a
e

owar er
a Ge eral embl reolu
o  .e.
he "Delara
o
o Pr ple of Y
er a
o al Law o er  g Fre l ela
o  a 
Coopera
o amo g S
a
e  aora e w
h
he Char
er of
he U?".
Vhe effe
of o e

o
he
ex
of uh reolu
o  a o
be


c cc  c9 c 


u er
oo a merel
ha
of a "re
era
o or elua
o " of
he

rea
 omm
me
u er
ake 
he Char
er. O
he o
rar 

ma be u er
oo a a aep
a e of
he val
 of
he rule or e

of rule elare b
he reolu
o b
hemelve. Vhe pr ple of
o -ue of fore for example ma
hu be regare a a pr ple of
u
omar 
er a
o al law o
a uh o 
o e b provo 
rela
 g
o olle
ve eur
 or
o
he fal
e or arme o
 ge


o be prove u er r
le 43 of
he Char
er. Y
woul
herefore
eem appare

ha

he a


ue referre
o expree a op o jur
repe
 g uh rule (or e
of rule)
o be
he efor
h
rea
e
epara
el from
he provo  epeall
hoe of a  

u
o al
k 
o whh 
 ubje
o
he
rea
-law pla e of
he Char
er.

Y
    +Y
Y + #
YY +Y
fur
her o frma
o of
he val
 a u
omar 
er a
o al law
of
he pr ple of
he prohb
o of
he ue of fore expree 
r
le 2 of
he U? Char
er of ma be fou  
he fa

ha


freque
l referre
o  
a
eme
 b S
a
e repree
a
ve a be g
o
o l a pr ple of u
omar 
er a
o al law bu
alo a
fu ame
al or ar al pr ple of uh law. ?aragua  

emoral o
he er
 
a
e
ha

he pr ple prohb
 g
he ue
of fore emboe  r
le 2 "ha ome
o be reog e a ju
oge . Vhe US  
 Cou
er-emoral o
he que
o  of
jur
o a  ambl
 fou  
ma
eral
o quo
e
he vew of
holar
ha

h pr ple  a "u veral orm" a "u veral

er a
o al law" a "u verall reog e pr ple of 
er a
o al
law" a  a "pr ple of ju oge ".




2 ;>;3

$*!Vhe YLC ompoe of exper
  rea
e b
he U? G

o of CYL. S e
her work eal w
h u
omar orm
her
raf
 work are ubar mea  of over g CYL.
Y
o
empla
e four 
ua
o 
g. Purel
rea
 orm m u
om
2. Yf
rea
  a orm
he b  g o all eve

rea
.
3. Cu
om  b  g o all.
4. Vrea
 u
om  b  g o all.

o -par
e
o a

?"

! 
  ++
& "  &++YY YY YY " '
g. S
a
e pra
e
2. Op o jur belef
ha

he orm  aep
e a law

o proba
ve value of YLC m rea
e b
he G
o of u
omar

er a
o al law orm



!"

"
!
.

! 
g. Vme  o
of
he ee e
2. Vhe o l ke 
ha

here  1
cc
c
 c
c$
$.
De mark Germa  a 
he ?e
herla  have ubm

e
o
he Cour

er
a ffere e o er  g '
he elm
a
o a be
wee
he
Par
e of
he area of
he o
 e
al helf 
he ?or
h Sea whh
apper
a
o eah of
hem. Vhe Cour
 reque
e
o ee wha
are

he applable 'pr ple a  rule of 
er a
o al law'. Germa 
propoe
ha
elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf be
wee
he
par
e  gover e b
he pr ple
ha
eah oa
al S
a
e  e

le

o a ju
a  equ
able hare. Germa  o
e

ha
mak g ue of

he equ
a e me
ho of r
le 6 paragraph 2 of
he Co
 e
al

Page 2 of g *

Shelf Co ve
o  ha o
beome u
omar 
er a
o al law a 

wa o
u er
he rum
a e
he appropra
e me
ho. Vhe
equ
a e me
ho oul o
be ue where 
woul o
aheve a
ju
a  equ
able appor
o me
of
he helf.  for De mark a 

he ?e
herla  elm
a
o houl be gover e b
he pr ple of
r
. 6 par. 2 a 
ha
where
he par
e were  agreeme
a
o

he bou ar a  peal rum
a e  o
ju
f a o
her
bou ar
he
he bou ar be
wee
hem 
o be e
erm e b

he appla
o of
he pr ple of equ
a e from
he eare

po
 of
he bael e from whh
he brea
h of
he
err
oral ea of
eah S
a
e  meaure. Vhe bou ar houl be e
erm e o
he
ba of
he exluve rgh
 of eah Par
 over
he o
 e
al helf
ajae

o 
 oa
a  of
he pr ple
ha

he bou ar 
o leave

o eah Par
 ever po
of
he o
 e
al helf whh le earer
o

 oa

ha
o
he oa
of
he o
her Par
. ?e
herla  a 
De mark argue
ha

he ue of
h me
ho  o

he a
ure of a
merel o ve
o al oblga
o  bu
 or mu
ow be regare a
 volv g a rule
ha
 par
of
he orpu of ge eral 
er a
o al
law;-a  lke o
her rule of ge eral or u
omar 
er a
o al law 
b  g o Germa  au
oma
all a   epe e
l of a  pef
ae
 re
or  re
 gve b
he la

er. Vh o
e
o ha bo
h
a po
ve law a  a more fu ame
al
ape
.  a ma

er of
po
ve law 
 bae o
he work o e 
h fel b 
er a
o al
legal boe o S
a
e pra
e a  o
he  flue e a

rbu
e
o
he
Ge eva Co ve
o 
elf-
he lam be g
ha

hee varou fa
or
have umula
vel eve e or bee rea
ve of
he op o # Y
YY   requ
e for
he forma
o of ew rule of u
omar

er a
o al law. Y 
 fu ame
al
ape

he vew pu
forwar
erve from wha
mgh
be alle
he a
ural law of
he o
 e
al
helf 
he e e
ha

he equ
a e pr ple  ee a a
eear expreo 
he fel of elm
a
o of
he aep
e
o
r e of
he exluve appur
e a e of
he o
 e
al helf
o
he
earb oa
al S
a
e a 
herefore a hav g a a pror hara
er of
o
o peak jur
  ev
abl
. Vhe Cour
oe o
agree w
h
he
o
e
o  of ?e
herla  a  De mark. Y o er g
he
equ
a e me
ho
he Y
er a
o al Law Commo ' uo 
reveal
ha
o
o l wa
he o
o of equ
a e ever o ere
from
he 
a po
of 
 hav g    a hara
er of  here

ee
 
wa ever gve a  peal prom e e a
all a 
er
a l o pror
. Vhe Cour
o
e
ha

he pr ple of
equ
a e a 
ow fgure  r
. 6 wa propoe b
he YLC w
h
o erable he
a
o  omewha
o a experme
al ba a
mo

Y+Y
Y
Y YY+  a  o
a
all Y+Y
Y+  or a a
emerg g rule of u
omar 
er a
o al law. Vh  learl o

he
or
of fou a
o o whh r
. 6 of
he Co ve
o oul be a
o
have refle
e or r
alle uh a rule. De mark & ?e
herla 
fur
her argue
ha
eve f a

he a
e of
he Ge eva Co ve
o o

he Co
 e
al Shelf o rule of CYL  favor of
he equ
a e
pr ple a  o uh rule wa r
alle  r
. 6 uh a rule ha
ome 
o be g  e
he o ve
o  par
l beaue of 
 ow
mpa
 par
l o
he bau of ubeque

a
e pra
e. Vhe Cour

oe o
agree
+Y ( Y 
. Y
woul be eear
ha

he
provo houl a
all eve
 po
e
all be of a fu ame
all
orm-rea
 g hara
er uh a oul be regare a form g
he
ba of a ge eral rule of law. Co ere   
he
equ
a e pr ple mgh
be a
o fulfll
h requreme
. e


he par
ular form  whh 
 emboe  r
. 6 a  hav g
regar
o
he rela
o hp of
ha
r
le
o o
her provo 
h mu

be ope
o ome oub
. Y
he fr
plae r
. 6  o frame a
o pu

?D
2
he oblga
o
o make ue of
he equ
a e me
ho au g 


o ome af
er a prmar oblga
o
o effe
elm
a
o b
agreeme
. Suh a prmar oblga
o o 

u
e a u uual prefae

o wha
 lame
o be a po
e
al ge eral rule of law. W
hou


c cc  c9 c 


a

emp
 g
o e
er 
o 
ll le pro ou e upo a  que
o of #


Y 
 well u er
oo
ha
  pra
e rule of 
er a
o al
law a  b agreeme
 be eroga
e from  par
ular ae or a
be
wee par
ular par
e-bu

h  o
ormall
he ubje
of a 
expre provo  a 
  r
. 6. Seo l
he par
plae b
he
o
o of peal rum
a e rela
ve
o
he pr ple of
equ
a e a emboe  r
. 6 a 
he ver o erable 
ll
u reolve o
rovere a
o
he exa
mea  g a  ope of
h
o
o  mu
rae fur
her oub
 a
o
he po
e
all orm-rea
 g
hara
er of
he rule. F all
he faul
 of mak g reerva
o 
o
r
. 6 whle 
mgh
o
of 
elf preve

he equ
a e pr ple
be g eve
uall reeve a ge eral law oe a o erabl
o

he fful
 of regar g
h reul
a hav g bee brough
abou
(or
be g po
e
all poble) o
he ba of
he Co ve
o for o lo g
a
h faul
 o
 ue
o ex
 a   o

he ubje
of a  revo
brough
abou
 o eque e of a reque
mae u er r
. g3-of
whh
here  a
pree
o offal  a
o -

he Co ve
o

elf whh woul for
he reao  alrea  a
e eem
o e 
o

he provo  of r
. 6
he ame orm-rea
 g hara
er a for
 
a e r
. g a  2 poe.
)Y Y Y YY  Y   YY +

Y++ 

Y Y  Y/ egare eear before a o ve
o al

rule a be o ere
o have beome a ge eral rule of 
er a
o al
law mgh
be
ha
 eve w
hou

he paage of a  o erable
pero of
me a ver weprea a  repree
a
ve par
pa
o 

he o ve
o mgh
uffe of 
elf prove 
 lue
ha
of
S
a
e whoe 
ere
 were peall affe
e.
c

Y
 Y Y + Y
  
Y +Y

l
hough
he paage of o l a hor
pero of
me  o
eearl
or of 
elf a bar
o
he forma
o of a ew rule of u
omar

er a
o al law o
he ba of wha
wa org all a purel
o ve
o al rule a  pe able requreme
woul be
ha
w
h

he pero  que
o  hor

hough 
mgh
be S
a
e pra
e
 lu g
ha
of S
a
e whoe 
ere
 are peall affe
e houl
have bee bo
h @

! 
he e e of
he
provo  voke; a  houl moreover have ourre  uh a wa
a
o how a ge eral reog 
o
ha
a rule of law or legal oblga
o
  volve.
c



&2A ;>>3
$*!Vh  a legal halle ge brough
b E
hopa & Lbera
aga 
Sou
h fra w
h repe

o
he pra
e of apar
he
(al
hough ever me
o e here ). Y
how how eu
ral rule a
lea
o ba a  par
al
. Vhe a
o  bae o
he ma a
e gve

o Sou
h fra
o promo
e
he ma
eral & moral well-be g & oal
progre of  hab
a
 of
he Sou
h We
fra
err
or. Vhe Cour

 o
ee o
he mer
 beaue 
 o
o er
he ae a
 volv g a legal ue beaue
here wa o law prohb
 g
apar
he. Vhe ppla

re
o erve a legal rgh
or 
ere

he
o u
of
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obl
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er ae. Fu ame
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a

of
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or;
ha
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o of 
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a
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he a a
e a  r
le 22 of
he Cove a
of

he League of ?a
o ; a 
ha

he U o ha
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 for
hw
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Page 3 of g *

eae
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 falure
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 oblga
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he eo  paragraph of r
le 2 of
he a a
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r
le 22 of
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ha

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hw
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Page J of g *

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erm of law a 
ra g] problem of 
er a
o al law . . . are b
her ver a
ure
uep
ble of a repl bae o law . . . a ] appear . . .
o be
que
o  of a legal hara
er".
Y
f 
ha

he que
o pu

o
he Cour
b
he Ge eral embl 
 ee a legal o e  e
he Cour
 ake
o rule o
he
ompa
bl
 of
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  w
h
he
releva
pr ple a  rule of 
er a
o al law. Vo o
h
he Cour

mu
e
f
he ex
 g pr ple a  rule 
erpre

hem a 
appl
hem
o
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo 
hu offer g a
repl
o
he que
o poe bae o law. Vhe fa

ha

h que
o


c cc  c9 c 


alo ha pol
al ape
 a 
he a
ure of
h g 
he ae w
h
o ma  que
o  whh are  
er a
o al lfe oe o
uffe
o
eprve 
of 
 hara
er a a "legal que
o " a 
o "eprve
he
Cour
of a ompe
e e exprel o ferre o 
b 
 S
a
u
e". ?or
are
he pol
al a
ure of
he mo
ve whh ma be a
o have
 pre
he reque
or
he pol
al mpla
o 
ha

he op o
gve mgh
have of releva e 
he e
ablhme
of
he Cour
'
jur
o
o gve uh a op o .
VY++Y+1 ! Y  +  Y Y/ Y
he lgh
of

he forego g
he Cour
o lue
ha

he mo
re
l releva

applable law gover  g
he que
o of whh 
wa ee 
ha

rela
 g
o
he ue of fore e hr e 
he U 
e ?a
o  Char
er
a 
he law applable  arme o fl
whh regula
e
he o u

of ho
l
e
oge
her w
h a  pef
rea
e o ulear weapo 

ha

he Cour
mgh
e
erm e
o be releva
.
.Y  Y  
+Y Y1
+ Y  Y/cVhe
Cour
o
e
ha
 orer orre
l
o appl
o
he pree
ae
he
Char
er law o
he ue of fore a 
he law applable  arme
o fl
  par
ular huma 
ara law 
 mpera
ve for 

o
ake
aou
of
he u que hara
er
 of ulear weapo  a  
par
ular
her e
ru
ve apa

her apa

o aue u
ol
huma uffer g a 
her abl

o aue amage
o ge era
o 
o
ome.

 Y Y  Y+ 
  Y  Y  Y

 Y1 
YY
 Vhe Cour

he aree
he que
o of
he
legal
 or llegal
 of reoure
o ulear weapo  
he lgh
of
he
provo  of
he Char
er rela
 g
o
he
hrea
or ue of fore. Y
r
le 2 paragraph 4 of
he Char
er
he ue of fore aga 

he

err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e of a o
her S
a
e or 
a  o
her ma er  o 
e
w
h
he purpoe of
he U 
e
?a
o   prohb
e. Vh prohb
o of
he ue of fore 
o be
o ere 
he lgh
of o
her releva
provo  of
he Char
er. Y
r
le 5g
he Char
er reog e
he  here
rgh
of  vual or
olle
ve elf-efe e f a arme a

ak our. fur
her lawful ue
of fore  e vage  r
le 42 whereb
he Seur
 Cou l ma

ake ml
ar e foreme
meaure  o form
 w
h Chap
er MYY of

he Char
er. Vhee provo  o o
refer
o pef weapo . Vhe
appl
o a  ue of fore regarle of
he weapo  emploe. Vhe
Char
er e
her exprel prohb
 or perm

he ue of a 
pef weapo   lu g ulear weapo .
!YY   +  Vhe e

leme

o reor

o elf-efe e
u er r
le 5g  ubje

o
he o 
o  of ee
 a 
propor
o al
. 
he Cour

a
e 
he ae o er  g 2+  
  +  %  Y
 ! 
 "
here  a
pef rule whereb elf-efe e woul warra
c 
whh are propor
o al
o
he arme a

ak a  eear
o repo 

o 
 a rule well e
ablhe  u
omar 
er a
o al law". Vhe
propor
o al
 pr ple ma
hu o
 
elf exlue
he ue of
ulear weapo   elf-efe e  all rum
a e. Bu
a

he ame

me a ue of fore
ha
 propor
o a
e u er
he law of elfefe e mu
  orer
o be lawful alo mee

he requreme
 of

he law applable  arme o fl
whh ompre  par
ular
he
pr ple a  rule of huma 
ara law. 
he Cour
o
e
ha

he
ver a
ure of all ulear weapo  a 
he profou  rk aoa
e

herew
h are fur
her o era
o 
o be bor e  m  b S
a
e
belev g
he a exere a ulear repo e  elf-efe e 
aora e w
h
he requreme
 of propor
o al
.
Y orer
o lee or elm a
e
he rk of u lawful a

ak S
a
e
ome
me g al
ha

he poe er
a weapo 
o ue  elfefe e aga 
a  S
a
e vola
 g
her
err
oral 
egr
 or

Page + of g *

pol
al  epe e e. Whe
her a g ale 
e
o
o ue fore f

er
a eve
 our  or  o
a "
hrea
" w
h r
le 2
paragraph 4 of
he Char
er epe  upo varou fa
or. Vhe
o
o  of "
hrea
" a  "ue" of fore u er r
le 2 paragraph 4 of

he Char
er 
a 
oge
her 
he e e
ha
f
he ue of fore 
elf 
a gve ae  llegal - for wha
ever reao -
he
hrea

o ue uh
fore wll lkewe be llegal. Y hor
 f 

o be lawful
he elare
rea e of a S
a
e
o ue fore mu
be a ue of fore
ha
 
o form
 w
h
he Char
er. For
he re
 o S
a
e - whe
her or o


efe e
he pol of e
erre e - ugge
e
o
he Cour

ha


woul be lawful
o
hrea
e
o ue fore f
he ue of fore
o
empla
e woul be llegal.
+Y Y+
+Y +
+Y
+Y Y/
Y
er a
o al u
omar a 
rea
 law oe o
o
a a  pef
prerp
o au
hor g
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  or a 
o
her weapo  ge eral or  er
a rum
a e  par
ular

hoe of
he exere of leg
ma
e elf-efe e. ?or however 

here a  pr ple or rule of 
er a
o al law whh woul make
he
legal
 of
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  or of a  o
her
weapo  epe e
o a pef au
hora
o . S
a
e pra
e how

ha

he llegal
 of
he ue of er
a weapo  a uh oe o

reul
from a abe e of au
hora
o bu
 o
he o
rar 
formula
e 
erm of prohb
o .
! Y Y Y+   "Y/ Y
oe o
eem
o
he
Cour

ha

he ue of ulear weapo  a be regare a pefall
prohb
e o
he ba of er
a provo  of
he Seo  ague
Delara
o of g899
he egula
o  a exe
o
he ague
Co ve
o YM of g907 or
he g925 Ge eva Pro
ool. Vhe pa

er u
l
ow ha bee for weapo  of ma e
ru
o
o be elare llegal
b pef  
rume
. Bu

he Cour
oe o
f  a  pef
prohb
o of reoure
o ulear weapo  
rea
e exprel
prohb
 g
he ue of er
a weapo  of ma e
ru
o ; a 
oberve
ha
 al
hough 
he la

wo eae a grea
ma 
ego
a
o  have bee o u
e regar g ulear weapo 
he
have o
reul
e  a
rea
 of ge eral prohb
o of
he ame k 
a for ba
erologal a  hemal weapo .
Vhe Cour
o
e
ha

he
rea
e eal g exluvel w
h aqu
o 
ma ufa
ure poeo  eplome
a 
e
 g of ulear
weapo  w
hou
pefall are g
her
hrea
or ue er
a l
po

o a  rea g o er 
he 
er a
o al ommu 
 w
h

hee weapo ; Y
o lue from
h
ha

hee
rea
e oul

herefore be ee a forehaow g a fu
ure ge eral prohb
o of

he ue of uh weapo  bu

ha

he o o
o 

u
e uh a
prohb
o b
hemelve. 
o
he
rea
e of Vla
elolo a 
aro
o ga a 
her Pro
ool a  alo
he elara
o  mae 
o e
o w
h
he  ef 
e ex
e o of
he Vrea
 o
he ?o Prolfera
o of ?ulear Weapo  
emerge from
hee  
rume


ha

c a umber of S
a
e have u er
ake o

o ue ulear
weapo   pef o e (La
 mera;
he Sou
h Paf) or
aga 
er
a o
her S
a
e ( o - ulear-weapo S
a
e
whh are par
e
o
he Vrea
 o
he ?o -Prolfera
o of
?ulear Weapo );
c ever
hele eve w
h
h framework
he ulear-weapo
S
a
e have reerve
he rgh

o ue ulear weapo  
er
a rum
a e; a 
c
hee reerva
o  me
w
h o obje
o from
he par
e
o

he Vla
elolo or aro
o ga Vrea
e or from
he Seur

Cou l.
c
 Y Y Y)$! Y Y&#  Vhe Cour

he
ur 
o
a exam a
o of u
omar 
er a
o al law
o e
erm e whe
her
a prohb
o of
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  a uh flow


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from
ha
oure of law.

Y
o
e
ha

he ember of
he 
er a
o al ommu 
 are
c

 o
he ma

er of whe
her 9$cc
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hee rum
a e
he Cour
oe o

o er 
elf able
o f 
ha

here  uh a #  Y
po

ou

ha

he aop
o eah ear b
he Ge eral embl b a large
major
 of reolu
o  reall g
he o
e
of reolu
o g653 (XMY)
a  reque
 g
he member S
a
e
o o lue a o ve
o
prohb
 g
he ue of ulear weapo   a  rum
a e reveal

he ere of a ver large e
o of
he 
er a
o al ommu 

o

ake b a pef a  expre prohb
o of
he ue of ulear
weapo  a g fa

ep forwar alo g
he roa
o omple
e
ulear armame
. Vhe  $ a +Y+  of a u
omar rule
pefall prohb
 g
he ue of ulear weapo  a uh 
hampere b
he $

c
 be
wee
he ae

# o
he o e ha  a 
he 
ll 
ro g ahere e
o
he $
c
c$ ( whh
he rgh

o ue
hoe weapo  
he
exere of
he rgh

o elf-efe e aga 
a arme a

ak

hrea
e  g
he v
al eur
 
ere
 of
he S
a
e  reerve) o
he
o
her.
 Y  +  + f
er ke
h g
he h
oral
evelopme
of
he bo of rule whh org all were alle "law
a  u
om of war" a  la
er ame
o be
erme "
er a
o al
huma 
ara law"
he Cour
oberve
ha

he ar al pr ple
o
a e 
he
ex
 o 

u
 g
he fabr of huma 
ara law are

he follow g. Vhe fr
 ame a

he pro
e
o of
he vla
popula
o a  vla obje
 a  e
ablhe
he 
 
o
be
wee omba
a
 a  o -omba
a
; S
a
e mu
ever make
vla 
he obje
of a

ak a  mu
o eque
l ever ue
weapo 
ha
are  apable of 
 guh g be
wee vla a 
ml
ar
arge
. or g
o
he eo  pr ple 
 prohb
e
o
aue u eear uffer g
o omba
a
 
 aor gl
prohb
e
o ue weapo  au g
hem uh harm or uelel
aggrava
 g
her uffer g. Y appla
o of
ha
eo  pr ple
S
a
e o o
have u lm
e freeom of hoe of mea  
he
weapo 
he ue.
2 Y+YVhe Cour
alo refer
o
he ar
e  Claue whh
wa fr
 lue 
he ague Co ve
o YY w
h epe

o
he
Law a  Cu
om of War o La  of g899 a  whh ha prove
o
be a effe
ve mea  of are g
he rap evolu
o of ml
ar

eh olog. moer vero of
ha
laue 
o be fou   r
le
g paragraph 2 of 
o al Pro
ool Y of g977 whh rea a
follow
<Yc$cc$cc
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c
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Vhe ex
e ve ofa
o of huma 
ara law a 
he ex
e
of
he
aeo
o
he reul
a

rea
e a well a
he fa

ha

he
e u a
o laue
ha
ex
e 
he ofa
o  
rume
 have
ever bee ue have prove
he 
er a
o al ommu 
 w
h a
orpu of
rea
 rule
he grea
major
 of whh ha alrea beome
u
omar a  whh refle
e
he mo
u verall reog e
huma 
ara pr ple. Vhee rule  a
e
he ormal o u
a 
behavor expe
e of S
a
e.
Vur  g
o
he applabl
 of
he pr ple a  rule of huma 
ara
law
o a poble
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo 
he Cour
o
e

ha
ulear weapo  were  ve
e af
er mo
of
he pr ple a 

Page g* of g *

rule of huma 
ara law applable  arme o fl
ha alrea

ome 
o ex
e e;
he Co fere e of g949 a  g974-g977 lef


hee weapo  ae a 
here  a qual
a
ve a well a qua

a
ve
ffere e be
wee ulear weapo  a  all o ve
o al arm.
owever 
he Cour
' vew 
a o
be o lue from
h
ha


he e
ablhe pr ple a  rule of huma 
ara law applable 
arme o fl
 o
appl
o ulear weapo . Suh a o luo
woul be  ompa
ble w
h
he 
r all huma 
ara hara
er
of
he legal pr ple  que
o whh permea
e
he e
re law of
arme o fl
a  apple
o all form of warfare a 
o all k  of
weapo 
hoe of
he pa

hoe of
he pree
a 
hoe of
he
fu
ure. Y
h repe

eem g fa

ha

he
he
ha

he rule
of huma 
ara law o o
appl
o
he ew weapo r beaue of

he ew e of
he la

er ha o
bee avoa
e 
he pree

proee g.
VY +Y
Y +  Vhe Cour
f 
ha
a 
he ae of
he
pr ple of huma 
ara law applable  arme o fl


er a
o al law leave o oub

ha

he pr ple of eu
ral

wha
ever 
 o
e
 whh  of a fu ame
al hara
er mlar
o

ha
of
he huma 
ara pr ple a  rule  applable (ubje

o

he releva
provo  of
he U 
e ?a
o  Char
er)
o all

er a
o al arme o fl
 wha
ever
pe of weapo  mgh
be
ue.
+ Y 
 Y++ 
 Y  +
  + Y +Y
Y + . or g
o o e
po
of vew
he fa

ha
reoure
o ulear weapo   ubje

o
a  regula
e b
he law of arme o fl
 oe o
eearl
mea
ha
uh reoure  a uh prohb
e. o
her vew hol

ha
reoure
o ulear weapo   vew of
he eearl
 rm a
e o eque e of
her ue oul ever be ompa
ble
w
h
he pr ple a  rule of huma 
ara law a  
herefore
prohb
e. mlar vew ha bee expree w
h repe

o
he
effe
 of
he pr ple of eu
ral
. Lke
he pr ple a  rule of
huma 
ara law
ha
pr ple ha
herefore bee o ere b
ome
o rule ou

he ue of a weapo
he effe
 of whh mpl
a o
be o
a e w
h
he
err
ore of
he o
e  g S
a
e.
Vhe Cour
oberve
ha
  vew of
he u que hara
er
 of
ulear weapo 
o whh
he Cour
ha referre above
he ue of
uh weapo   fa
eem arel reo lable w
h repe
for
he
requreme
 of
he law applable  arme o fl
. Y
o er
ever
hele
ha

oe o
have uffe
eleme

o e able 

o
o lue w
h er
a

ha

he ue of ulear weapo  woul
eearl be a
vara e w
h
he pr ple a  rule of law
applable  arme o fl
 a  rum
a e. Fur
hermore
he
Cour
a o
loe gh
of
he fu ame
al rgh
of ever S
a
e
o
urvval a 
hu 
 rgh

o reor

o elf-efe e  aora e
w
h r
le 5g of
he Char
er whe 
 urvval  a

ake. ?or a 

g ore
he pra
e referre
o a "pol of e
erre e"
o whh a
appreable e
o of
he 
er a
o al ommu 
 ahere for ma 
ear.
or gl  vew of
he pree

a
e of 
er a
o al law vewe
a a whole a exam e b
he Cour
 a  of
he eleme
 of fa
a


 poal
he Cour
 le
o oberve
ha

a o
reah a
ef 
ve o luo a
o
he legal
 or llegal
 of
he ue of
ulear weapo  b a S
a
e  a ex
reme rum
a e of elfefe e  whh 
 ver urvval woul be a

ake.
$+
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he em e
l
fful
ue
ha
are  appl g
he law o
he ue of fore a 
above all
he law applable  arme o fl

o ulear weapo 
he
Cour
o er
ha

ee
o exam e o e fur
her ape
of
he
que
o before 
 ee  a broaer o
ex
. Y
he lo g ru 

er a
o al law a  w
h 

he 
abl
 of
he 
er a
o al orer


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whh 
 
e e
o gover  are bou 
o uffer from
he

o
 u g ffere e of vew w
h regar
o
he legal 
a
u of
weapo  a eal a ulear weapo . Y
 o eque
l mpor
a


o pu
a e 
o
h 
a
e of affar
he lo g-prome omple
e
ulear armame
appear
o be
he mo
appropra
e mea  of
ahev g
ha
reul
.
Y
hee rum
a e
he Cour
apprea
e
he full mpor
a e of

he reog 
o b r
le MY of
he Vrea
 o
he ?o -Prolfera
o of
?ulear Weapo  of a oblga
o
o ego
a
e  goo fa
h a ulear
armame
. Vhe legal mpor
of
ha
oblga
o goe beo 
ha
of
a mere oblga
o of o u
;
he oblga
o  volve here  a
oblga
o
o aheve a pree reul
- ulear armame
 all 

ape
 - b aop
 g a par
ular oure of o u
 amel
he
puru
of ego
a
o  o
he ma

er  goo fa
h. Vh
wofol
oblga
o
o purue a 
o o lue ego
a
o  formall o er 

he g82 S
a
e par
e
o
he Vrea
 o
he ?o -Prolfera
o of
?ulear Weapo  or  o
her wor
he va
major
 of
he

er a
o al ommu 
. Y ee a  real
 earh for ge eral a 
omple
e armame
 epeall ulear armame
 ee
a
e

he o-opera
o of all S
a
e.

*
"2*
"
32 ;CC3


( e
uage ha rpe e 
o 
er a
o al law.
- Y
er a
o al uma 
ara Law  o
o l u
omar  a
ure bu

alo ju oge .
( Exemp
 g of fh g veel wa fou e o o era
o  of
huma 

o a poor a   u
rou orer of me  a  of
he
mu
ual o ve e e of bellgere

a
e whh rel o
he
lvelhoo of fh g.

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rea
e whh e
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he "="# Y- c-cY.>Y c
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ore be g mar
me a
o  a be
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eh que ue b
he
our

o e
ablh
he orm 
hrough u
omar law a 
ubar mea  a eve e of
he orm.
- 5

 
 

?o.  lo g a
here 
weprea a  vr
uall u form 
a
e pra
e. l
hough beaue
of
he evelopme
 e e a 
eh olog wha

ook hu re
of ear before oul ow beome u
omar orm over gh
.
- Wh are
he exemp
from be g
ake a pre of war Beaue f

he are o
pro
e
e o o e woul e gage  fh g a 
ha

woul eprve vla popula
o w
h oure of foo.
- Veh que ue b
he Cour

o e
ablh
he orm
g. Cu
omar law
2. Subar mea  a eve e of
he orm
Vhe Cour
hel
ha

he ap
ure of
he fh g veel wa u lawful a 
w
hou
probable aue o
he grou 
ha
 a a rule of 
er a
o al
law fh g veel are exemp
from ap
ure a a pre of war. Vhe
Cour
orere
ha

he eree of
he D
r
Cour
be revere a 

he proee of
he ale of
he veel
oge
her w
h
he proee of
a  ale of her argo be re
ore
o
he lama
 w
h amage a 
o
.
&
 


 B a a e

uage amo g vle a
o  beg  g e
ure ago a  grauall
rpe  g 
o a rule of 
er a
o al law oa
fh g veel

Page gg of g *

puru g
her voa
o of a
h g a  br g g  freh fh have

bee reog e a exemp
 w
h
her argoe a  rew from
ap
ure a pre of war. Vhe Cour
ue
he h
or of
he u
om
exemp
 g oa
al fher from ap
ure beg  g w
h K g e r YM

orer
o h amral  g403
o
he releva
pra
e of Fra e
olla  Prua a 
he US. Vhe Cour
alo o
e ae 
he pa

ffere
jur
o  whh ee
he ue 
he ame lgh
. lo

he Cour
o
e legal wr
 g a 
rea
ee of legal exper
 a 
lum are whh prove for
he exemp
o of fh g ommeral
veel.

' 2 ;>A3

- E
oppel a  aquee e are ge eral pr ple of law whh a
be a ba of 
er a
o al law.

$*!1
- Vhala  a  Camboa are aga o
he verge of war beaue of

h.
- Vhee pr ple are exa
l
he ame o e fou  
he Cvl Coe.
Wha
are
he eleme
 of e
oppel g] a
or repree
a
o 2]
rela e 3] amage
Vhe Cour
hel
ha

he Vemple of Preah Mhear wa 
ua
e 

err
or u er
he overeg
 of Camboa a   o eque e

ha
Vhala  wa u er a oblga
o
o w
hraw a  ml
ar or
pole fore or o
her guar or keeper 
a
o e b her a

he
Vemple or  
 v 
 o Camboa
err
or. Y
alo fou 
ha

Vhala  wa u er a oblga
o
o re
ore
o Camboa a 
ulp
ure 
elae fragme
 of mo ume
 a 
o e moel a 
a e
po

er whh mgh
  e
he a
e of
he oupa
o of
he
Vemple b Vhala   g954 have bee remove from
he Vemple or

he Vemple area b
he Vha au
hor
e.
%+ 
 Y
YY + +Y
+
Y Y+
.YYYVhe map wa ever formall approve b
he xe
Commo  whh ha eae
o fu 
o ome mo
h before 

prou
o . Whle
here oul be o reao able oub

ha

wa
bae o
he work of
he urve g offer 
he Da grek e
or
he
Cour
ever
hele o lue
ha
  
  ep
o  
ha o b  g
hara
er. Y
wa lear from
he reor however
ha

he map were
ommu a
e
o
he Samee Gover me
a purpor
 g
o
repree

he ou
ome of
he work of elm
a
o ;  e
here wa
o rea
o o
he par
of
he Samee au
hor
e e
her
he or for
ma  ear
he mu
be hel
o have aquee. Vhe map were
moreover ommu a
e
o
he Samee member of
he xe
Commo  who a o
h g.
o
he Samee  
er of
he
Y
eror. Yf
he Samee au
hor
e aep
e
he ex Y map w
hou

 ve
ga
o 
he oul o
ow plea a  error v
a
 g
he real

of
her o e
. Vhe Samee Gover me
a  la
er
he Vha
Gover me
ha rae o quer abou

he ex Y map pror
o 

ego
a
o  w
h Camboa  Ba gkok  g958. Vhala  ha
ever
hele o
 ue alo
o ue a   ee
o publh map
how g Preah Mhear a l g  Camboa. oreover 
he oure
of
he ego
a
o  for
he g925 a  g937 Fra o-Samee Vrea
e
whh o frme
he ex
 g fro
er a   g947  Wah g
o
before
he Fra o-Samee Co la
o Commo  
woul have
bee a
ural for Vhala 
o rae
he ma

er he  o
o o. Vhe
a
ural  fere e wa
ha
he ha aep
e
he fro
er a
Preah
Mhear a 
wa raw o
he map rrepe
ve of 
 orrepo e e
w
h
he wa
erhe l e. oreover whe  g930 Pr e Damro g o
a v

o
he Vemple wa offall reeve
here b
he Fre h
ee
for
he ajo  g Camboa prov e Sam fale
o rea
.
From
hee fa

he our
o lue
ha
Vhala  ha aep
e
he


c cc  c9 c 


ex Y map. Eve f
here were a  oub

h o e
o 

Vhala  wa prelue from aer
 g
ha
he ha o
aep
e 

 e Fra e a  Camboa ha rele upo her aep
a e a  he
ha for ff
 ear e joe uh be ef
 a
he Vrea
 of g904 ha
o ferre o her. Fur
hermore
he aep
a e of
he ex Y map
aue 

o e
er
he
rea
 e

leme
;
he Par
e ha a

ha

me
aop
e a 
erpre
a
o of
ha
e

leme
whh aue
he map
l e
o preval over
he provo  of
he Vrea
 a  a
here wa o
reao
o
h k
ha

he Par
e ha a

ahe a  peal mpor
a e

o
he l e of
he wa
erhe a uh a ompare w
h
he overr g
mpor
a e of a f al regula
o of
her ow fro
er
he Cour

o ere
ha

he 
erpre
a
o
o be gve ow woul be
he
ame.

2

+ 3

Co 
a
a  u form pra
e be
wee 
a
e  alo a
oure of 
er a
o al law. Vhere  o ee
o reor

o ge eral

er a
o al u
om or
o ge eral pr ple of law  po g of
uh ae whe
here  a 
c$
$ be
wee
he par
e. 
Por
ugal ha a
err
or 
he Y a Pe  ula mae up of
he
hree

r
 of Goa Dama a  Du. Vhe 
r
of Dama ompre 
a
o
o 
 l

oral
err
or
wo parel of
err
or omple
el
urrou e b
he
err
or of Y a whh o 

u
e e lave Dara
a  ?agar-vel. Por
ugal ha bee pa g
hrough Y a
err
or

hrough
he ear  orer
o
he e lave of Dara a  ?agar- vel.
owever  g954
he Gover me
of Y a preve
e Por
ugal from
exer g
h rgh
of paage. Por
ugal lam
ha

here wa a loal
u
om  
 favor w
h
he rgh
of paage over
he
err
or.
Por
ugal lam
ha

he e al of paage b Y a wa o e ue
o
Y a
 ope ampag
o a ex Por
ugee
err
ore.
m YY
++ Y YY   YVhe Cour
a
ha


fful

o ee wh
he umber of S
a
e be
wee whh a loal
u
om ma be e
ablhe o
he ba of lo g pra
e mu

eearl be larger
ha
wo. Vhere  o reao wh lo g o
 ue
pra
e be
wee
wo S
a
e aep
e b
hem a regula
 g
her
rela
o  houl o
form
he ba of mu
ual rgh
 a  oblga
o 
be
wee
he
wo S
a
e.
c
VY Y Y  Y Y
 Y Y 
 Y +YVhe
que
o wa pu

o
he Cour
 repe
of
he pu
e whh ha
are be
wee Y a a  Por
ugal w
h regar
o ob
ale plae b
Y a 
he wa of paage. Y
wa  uppor
of
h o
e
o
ha


 voke 
 rgh
of paage a  ake
he Cour

o elare
he
ex
e e of
ha
rgh
. Vh be g o 

he eve of
he rea
o of

hee ob
ale
ha
mu
be ele
e a
he 
ar
 g po
whh
o
aer
a whe
her or o
Por
ugal poee uh a rgh
.

 

YW
h regar
o prva
e pero  vl offal a 
goo  ge eral
here ex
e ur g
he Br
h a  po
-Br
h
pero a o 
a
a  u form pra
e allow g free paage
be
wee Dama a 
he e lave. Vh pra
e hav g o
 ue
over a pero ex
e  g beo  a e
ur a  a quar
er u affe
e
b
he ha ge of regme  repe
of
he 
erve  g
err
or whh
ourre whe Y a beame  epe e
. Pra
e wa aep
e a
law b
he Par
e a  ha gve re
o a rgh
a  a orrela
ve
oblga
o .
Y g954 a rgh
of paage over 
erve  g Y a
err
or be
wee
oa
al Dama a 
he e lave a  be
wee
he e lave  repe

of prva
e pero  vl offal a  goo  ge eral
o
he ex
e

Page g) of g *

eear a lame b Por
ugal for
he exere of 
 overeg


over
he e lave a  ubje

o
he regula
o a  o
rol of Y a.
Vhere wa a lear 
 
o be
wee
he pra
e perm

 g free
paage of prva
e pero  vl offal a  goo  ge eral a 
he
pra
e requr g prevou au
hora
o  a 
he ae of arme
fore arme pole a  arm a  ammu 
o . Vhere wa o rgh

of paage  favour of Por
ugal  volv g a orrela
ve oblga
o o
Y a ha bee e
ablhe  repe
of arme fore arme pole
a  arm a  ammu 
o . Vhe oure of eal g e
ablhe
be
wee
he Por
uguee a 
he Br
h au
hor
e w
h repe

o

he paage of
hee a
egore exlue
he ex
e e of a  uh
rgh
. Vhe pra
e
ha
wa e
ablhe how
ha
 w
h regar
o

hee a
egore 
wa well u er
oo
ha
paage oul
ake
plae o l b permo of
he Br
h au
hor
e. Vh 
ua
o
o
 ue ur g
he po
-Br
h pero.
! Y
 Y  ++
 Y #Y  
Y
+ 
 Y Y  Y vew of
he
e o
he preval g 

erve  g Y a
err
or
he Cour
 u able
o hol
ha
Y a

refual of paage
o
he propoe elega
o a  
 refual of va

o Por
uguee a
o al of Europea org a 
o a
ve Y a
Por
uguee 
he emplo of
he Por
uguee Gover me
wa a
o
o
rar
o 
 oblga
o reul
 g from Por
ugal
 rgh
of paage.
Por
ugal
 lam of a rgh
of paage  ubje

o full reog 
o a 
exere of Y a overeg
 over
he 
erve  g
err
or a 
w
hou
a  mmu 
  favour of Por
ugal. Y a
 refual of paage

hoe ae wa 
he rum
a e overe b 
 power of
regula
o a  o
rol of
he rgh
of paage of Por
ugal.

2 ;<;3


emeal law pr ple uh a rum
a
al eve e a
a
uall be a ba for f  g fa
ual pu
e.
$*!Vh ae hghlgh

he u
omar a
ure of YL.
Br
h e
roer veel 
ruk a m e a  wa gravel amage
whle pa g
hrough
he Corfu Cha el 
he
err
oral wa
er of
lba a. Vhe o
her e
roer wa e

o her a
a e a  whle

ow g her 
ruk a o
her m e a  wa alo eroul amage. Vhe
Cour
hel
ha
lba a ha breahe 
 oblga
o u er

er a
o al law
o o
f 
a
e regar g
he a ger of pa g

hrough a bo of wa
er ue
o pree e of m e  

err
oral
ea.
%++Y
 
   +YYY
YY +
 +Y
+cVhe exluve o
rol exere b a S
a
e w
h 

fro
er ma make 
mpoble
o fur h re
proof of fa
 whh
woul  volve 
 repo bl
  ae of a vola
o of 
er a
o al
law. Vhe S
a
e whh 
he v
m mu
 
ha
eae be allowe a
c
c$cc
$cc$cc$
$ 
c

$; uh  re
eve e mu
be regare a of epeal
wegh
whe bae o a ere of fa
 l ke
oge
her a  lea g
logall
o a  gle o luo .
Y
he pree
ae
wo ere of fa
 whh orrobora
e o e
a o
her have
o be o ere. Vhe fr
rela
e
o
he lba a
Gover me
' a


ue before a  af
er
he a
a
rophe. Vhe la g of

he m e
ook plae  a pero  whh 
ha how 
 
e
o
o
keep a jealou wa
h o 

err
oral wa
er a   whh 
wa
requr g pror au
hora
o before
he were e
ere
h vgla e
ome
me go g o far a
o  volve
he ue of fore all of whh
re er
he aer
o of g ora e   mprobable. oreover
whe
he lba a Gover me
ha beome full aware of
he


c cc  c9 c 


ex
e e of a m efel 
pro
e
e 
ro gl aga 

he a
v
 of

he Br
h Flee
 bu
o
aga 

he la g of
he m e
hough
h
a
 f effe
e w
hou
her o e
 woul have bee a ver erou
vola
o of her overeg
; he  o
o
f hpp g of
he
ex
e e of
he m efel a woul be requre b 
er a
o al law;
a  he  o
u er
ake a  of
he meaure of jual
 ve
ga
o whh woul eem
o be  umbe
o her  uh a
ae. Suh a a


ue oul o l be expla e f
he lba a
Gover me
 whle k ow g of
he m e la g ere
he
rum
a e  whh 
wa effe
e
o rema ere
.
Vhe eo  ere of fa
 rela
e
o
he pobl
 of oberv g
he
m e la g from
he lba a oa
. Geographall
he ha el 
eal wa
he 
 om a
e b hegh
 offer g exelle

oberva
o po
 a  
ru  loe
o
he oa
. Vhe me
hoal a 
well-
hough
-ou
la g of
he m e ompelle
he m elaer
o
rema from
wo
o
wo-a -a-half hour 
he wa
er. Y regar
o

ha
po

he aval exper
 appo
e b
he Cour
repor
e af
er
e qur a   ve
ga
o o
he po

ha

he o ere 

o be
 pu
able
ha
 f a ormal look-ou
wa kep
a  f
he lookou

were equppe w
h b oular u er ormal wea
her o 
o  for

h area
he m e-la g opera
o  mu
have bee o
e b

hee oa
guar. From all
he fa
 a  oberva
o  me
o e
above
he Cour
raw
he o luo
ha

he la g of
he m efel
oul o
have bee aomplhe w
hou

he k owlege of lba a.
 regar
he oblga
o  reul
 g for her from
h k owlege
he
are o
pu
e. Y
wa her u

o o
f hpp g a  epeall
o
war
he hp proee g
hrough
he S
ra
o O
ober 22  of
he
a ger
o whh
he were expoe. Y fa
 o
h g wa a

emp
e
b lba a
o preve

he a
er a 
hee grave omo   volve
her 
er a
o al repo bl
.


.
!2
!+32 ;A13


: Vhe repara
o of a wro g ma o 
 a  em 

orrepo  g
o
he amage whh
he a
o al of
he  jure

a
e have uffere a a reul
of
he a
whh  o
rar
o

er a
o al law.
- epara
o 
he  pe able ompleme
of a falure
o appl a
o ve
o .
- Vak g of proper
 requre ompe a
o . Yf re
ora
o  o

poble reme  ompe a
o
o uh amou
a
o elm a
e
all effe
 of llegal
ak g.

$*! 
( )  Y
YY + +Y
+ YY3epara
o for
he

ak g of proper
 requre ompe a
o . epara
o  ue whe

here  a breah of a oblga
o .
- Whe a expropra
o  
he amou
of
he repara
o 
he
log
al value of
he proper

ake a

he
me of
he
expropra
o . owever whe
here  a c

he
amou
of repara
o  lue
he 
a gble ae
 (lo of prof
).
Vhe Germa empre ha a o
ra
w
h a ompa  where
he
ompa  u er
ook
o e
ablh for
he eh a  for
hw
h
o beg

he o 
ru
o of a 
ra
e fa
or a
Chorow Upper Slea.
Subeque
l Pola  a  Germa  g e a Co ve
o o er  g

he Upper Slea of Ge eva (Ge eva Co ve
o ). Polh wa
he
elega
e w
h
he full power
o
ake harge of
he fa
or
hu
au g
he e  of
he o
ra
be
wee Germa  a 
he
ompa e. Germa  brough
a
o  behalf of
he ompa e
aga 
Pola  for
he
ak g of
he ompa e  vola
o of
he
Ge eva Co ve
o .

Page g of g *

0  Y&Y+
+Y+

  +cY
er a
o al law
oe o
preve
o e S
a
e from gra
 g
o a o
her
he rgh

o have
reoure
o 
er a
o al arb
ral
rbu al  orer
o ob
a
he
re
awar
o a
o al of
he la

er S
a
e of ompe a
o for
amage uffere b
hem a a reul
of  fra
o  of 
er a
o al
law b
he fr
S
a
e.

Y  +Y 
 
YYcY
 a pr ple of

er a
o al law
ha

he repara
o of a wro g ma o 
 a
 em 
 orrepo  g
o
he amage whh
he a
o al of
he
 jure S
a
e have uffere a a reul
of
he a
whh  o
rar
o

er a
o al law.
Y e
ma
 g
he amage aue b a u lawful a
 o l
he value of
proper
 rgh
 a  
ere
 whh have bee affe
e a 
he
ow er of whh 
he pero o whoe behalf ompe a
o 
lame or
he amage o e
o whom 
o erve a a mea  of
gaug g
he repara
o lame mu
be
ake 
o aou
. Vhe
amage uffere  equvale

o
he c - bu

o
ha

o
al
o l - of
he proper
 rgh
 a  
ere
 of
h Compa  
ha

u er
ak g w
hou
eu
 g labl
e.
Vhe repara
o ue b o e S
a
e
o a o
her oe o
however ha ge

 hara
er b reao of
he fa

ha


ake
he form of a
 em 
 for
he alula
o of whh
he amage uffere b a
prva
e pero 
ake a
he meaure. Vhe rule of law gover  g
he
repara
o are
he rule of 
er a
o al law  fore be
wee
he
wo
S
a
e o er e a  o

he law gover  g rela
o  be
wee
he
S
a
e whh ha omm

e a wro gful a
a 
he  vual who ha
uffere amage. Vhe  cccc


c
cc
c

$c
c
c
cc
$c
ccccc
.; 
a o l affor a $
c$ccc$$
ccc

cccc..
c
Y  Y
YcVhe ee
al pr ple o
a e 
he a
ual
o
o of a llegal a
- a pr ple whh eem
o be e
ablhe b

er a
o al pra
e a   par
ular b
he eo  of arb
ral

rbu al - 
ha
repara
o mu
 a far a poble,cwpe-ou
all
he
o eque e of
he llegal a
a  re-e
ablh
he 
ua
o whh
woul  all probabl
 have ex
e f
ha
a
ha o
bee
omm

e.

)Y Y    +Y Y Y  ce

u
o  k  or
f
h  o
poble pame
of a um orrepo  g
o
he value
whh a re

u
o  k  woul bear;
he awar f ee be of
amage for lo u
a e whh woul o
be overe b re

u
o
 k  or pame
 plae of 
- uh are
he pr ple whh houl
erve
o e
erm e
he amou
of ompe a
o ue for a a

o
rar
o 
er a
o al law.

Y  +Y YcVh o luo par
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 e
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h
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er a
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he 

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ular
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h
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 whh eah S
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a
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or. W
hou
ma fe
 g 

err
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a e
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 omple
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hem

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b
he pr ple of prerp
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he pro
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er a
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he 
ru
ure of
whh  o
bae o a  uper-S
a
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preume
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h whh almo
all

er a
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ra

rgh
 w
hou
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e ma fe
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ha
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 uou a  peaeful pla of
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e w
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of VS  o
o l
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he forma
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e a 

her bou are a well a o a 
er a
o al jurprue e a 
o
r e wel aep
e.
a fe
a
o  of VS aume ffere
form aor g
o
me a 
plae. l
hough o
 uou  pr ple overeg
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be
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a
ever mome
o ever po
of a
err
or. Vhe

erm

e e a  o
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 ompa
ble w
h
he ma
e a e of

he rgh
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h
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e
abl plae or aga rego  aeble
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a
e ma b
o ve
o fx lm

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her ow overeg
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he 
eror of arel explore o
 e
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arel ma fe
e a  
h wa ma preve

he o
her from a 
pe e
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o of 

err
or e.g.
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a
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erla .
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o al l e of uffe

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 or f
here are gap 
he fro
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herwe e
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a o ve
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 or f a e.g. 
he ae of
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ua
e 
he hgh ea
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o are whe
her a

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 val Y
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he a
ual o
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a
e fu 
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ural r
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he que
o whh of ffere
legal

em preval g a
ueve pero 
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he o-alle

er
emporal law) a 
 
o mu
be mae be
wee
he $
c
c
 a 
he 1
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. Vhe ame pr ple whh
ubje

he a
rea
ve of a rgh

o
he law  fore a

he
me
he
rgh
are ema 
ha

he ex
e e of
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 o
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ma fe
a
o  hall follow
he o 
o  requre b
he evolu
o of
law.
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he o
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over oe o
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e a ef 
ve

le of
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le uh a

le ex
 

rue
w
hou
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er al ma fe
a
o . owever aor g
o
he vew
ha


h
ha prevale  e
he g9 e
ur a  hoa
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le of over
mu
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h a reao able pero b effe
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e

le oul o
preval over
he o
 uou a  peaeful
pla of au
hor
 b a o
her S
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eve over a pror ef 
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le pu
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her S
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o how

he ex
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ve 
er a
o al law
o
he effe

ha

la  
ua
e ou
e
err
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er houl belo g
o a S
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from
he mere fa

ha


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or form
he Y 
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 e
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o l woul 
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a  uffe
l pree

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o e
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 ver a
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a a  o
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ha
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ra
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he lam
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he
fa
of uh pla mu
be how preel  rela
o
o
he
pu
e
err
or. Y
 o
eear
ha

here houl be a peal
am 
ra
o e
ablhe 
h
err
or; bu

a o
uffe for

he
err
or
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ahe
o a o
her b a legal rela
o o

reog e  
er a
o al law a val aga 
a S
a
e o
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h
lam
o overeg
; wha
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al  uh a ae 
he o
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a  peaeful pla of a
ual power 
he o
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e rego .c
c
VY 
 Y m Y Y  +Y  Y  Y Y+

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he Ea
Y a Compa   vew of oup g or olo  g

he rego  a
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er a
o al law be e
rel amla
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h

o a
 of
he ?e
herla  S
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e 
elf. From
he e  of
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ll

h

he g9 e
ur ompa e forme b  vual a  e gage 
eo om puru
 (Char
ere Compa e) were  ve
e b
he S
a
e

o whom
he were ubje
w
h publ power for
he aqu
o a 
am 
ra
o of olo e.
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 o
eear
ha

he pla of overeg
 houl go bak
o a
ver far 
a
pero. Y
ma uffe
ha
uh pla ex
e 
g898 a  ha alrea ex
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 uou a  peaeful before
ha

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herelf a poe g overeg
 over
he la  or hav g a lam
o
overeg

o have aor g
o loal o 
o  a reao able
pobl
 for aer
a  g
he ex
e e of a 
a
e of
h g o
rar

o her real or allege rgh
.
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herla  ha prove
he exere of ome a
 of S
a
e
au
hor
 a 
he ex
e e of ex
er al g  of au
hor
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of arm). Vhee fa
 a
lea
o 

u
e a beg  g of e
ablhme

of overeg
 b o
 uou a  peaeful pla of 
a
e au
hor

or a omme eme
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o of a la  o
e
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of
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e of
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le for omple
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o  of overeg
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e

le bae o pla of

a
e au
hor
 woul preval over a  hoa
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le erve from
over epeall f
h la

er

le ha bee lef
for a ver lo g

me w
hou
omple
o b oupa
o ; a  
woul equall preval
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Y/ccY$
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CO?VEXV OF VYCLE. Vhe Phlpp e a  Y o ea have bee
argu g over who ge

o keep
he la  of Palma; Y o ea pull a
urpre  eak a

ak.




Page )g of g *

23-25 Ju g994 Fr
-ever Se or Offal ee
 g o
he

Delm
a
o of
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me Bou ar be
wee Y o ea a 
he
Phlpp e. Offal repree
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ve agree
ha
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re wll
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he loa
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wee g20 a  g2930 Ea
Lo g
ue. Vh
 lue
he area  whh Palma  loa
e. Vhe offal agree
ha


he follow g ge eral pr ple hall erve a ba for ego
a
o 
(g) Vhe reul
hall be full  keep g w
h 
er a
o al law  lu g

he g982 U? Co ve
o o
he Law of
he Sea (U?CLOS);
(2) Where applable
he mar
me bou are hall be elm
e o

he ba of
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c
$
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(3) Crea
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o  hall be ue a appropra
e.
9 ?ov 2000 Seo  bla
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explora
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r

20 De 2002 3 ee
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he Phlpp e-Y o ea Jo

Commo for Bla
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e

ha

ha $ccc

c whh ame  
 law
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ha
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?o o
her ub
a
al
op  ue.
Y?DO?ESY
S ?EW BSELY?ES LW. Y
ue Palma a a bae po

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ragh
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h U?CLOS. Before
h law wa
pae
he
wo ou
re agree
ha
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ere 
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he law  a u la
eral a
a  
he offal
expreo of Y o ea
 
e

o
rea
Palma a Y o ea

err
or. Y
 o
ju
a offal lam
o la 
err
or bu
alo
o

he arhpelag a 
err
oral wa
er repree
 g all wa
er
e loe b
he la 
 
ragh
bael e. Vhe Bael e Law ha o

e
bee epo
e w
h
he U? Se-Ge  ow g
o
he fa

ha

he
YCJ ju
ree
l ue a eo 
he
err
oral pu
e be
wee
Y o ea a  alaa over
he la  of Spaa a  Lg
a 
awar g bo
h la 
o alaa a 
hereb ee
a
 g
ame me

o
he Bael e Law.
Prepara
or
o
he paage of
he law Y o ea embarke o a
moer hrograph urve
o har

 ew bael e f a e w
h

he help (approx $g70 ) of
he gover me
of ?orwa. Vhe
Phlpp e ha o
eve 
ar
e 
 ow hrograph urve.
Clearl
he a
e of paage of
he 2002 law woul be a r
al
3
a
e from whh
o gauge whh of
he 2 ou
re ha a uperor

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Page )) of g *

lam
o bo
h Palma a 
he arhpelag a 
err
oral wa
er

urrou  g 
.

a
ve a  exere oupa
o of
he la  o behalf of
he Spa h

row .

Yf
he ew bael e oor a
e raf
e b Y o ea were followe

he Phlpp e woul loe o
o l Palma Yla  bu
alo ome
g5000 q.m. of arhpelag a 
err
oral wa
er. Vhee are
Phlpp e
err
ore urre
l ef e u er
he Vrea
 of Par.

US CLY Y? ?UVSELL. Vhe US lam ummare

(g)c Palma le well w
h
he emara
o of r
. 3 Vrea
 of Par;
(2)c Y
 approx g2 mle earer
o  a ao
ha
o a  of
he
maller la  of
he Du
h rhpelago;
(3)c Y
 well w
h
he lm
 marke b
he 4 a g493 Bull of
lexa er MY 
he  Y Y Y ];
(4)c Y
 well w
h
he lm
 of
he agreeme
o lue 4 Jul
g494 be
wee Spa a  Por
ugal;
(5)c Vhe u o of Spa a  Por
ugal  g580 houl remove a 
oub
 a
o
he

le of
he Yla  pror
o
ha

me;
(6)c Vhe gover me
of Spa o ere Palma o e of 
 oea 
poeo ;
(7)c Spa ever rel quhe o
rol over
he la  exep

o
he
US; a 
(8)c Spa exere overeg
 over
he Phl arhpelago a a whole;

wa o
eear for Spa
o ma
a eapra
e
am 
ra
o  over
he la .

YV YS Y? VE P
S BESV Y?VEESVS VO Y?VY? UVOYV ?D
CO?VOL OME VE PLS E. eao   lue
(g)c Mer loe
o
he 
ra
eg ax l k g
he Paf a  Y ea
Oea . Vhe eare
la 
o Palma  Cape Sa gu
 . Vhe
e
ablhme
of arhpelag ea-la e be
wee
he
wo u er
Phl overeg
 wll e able
he ou
r pobl  oopera
o
w
h Y o ea
o mo 
or o
rol a  ma
a urvella e of
e 
ve mar
me jur
o . a  of
he ou
r
 major
popula
o e
er  u
ral o e a 
he por
 of a

Davao C
 Ge eral Sa
o Co
aba
o Pagaa  a 
Zamboa ga are re
l aeble from
he a eala e.
(2)c Cloe
o
he r
al paw  g area a  paage hghwa of
eo omall mpor
a
fh e.g. ellowf
u a. lo
he area
ha bee
agge a a mar e eo-rego b
he WWF ow g
o

he area
 
 
a  ou

a  g bover
.
(3)c Vhe warm pool of
he worl
 oea   e
ere o Sou
her
 a ao mak g
he Davao Gulf Sara ga  a  Ylla a ba 

he oro Gulf
he mo
u
able 
e for large-ale oea
4

erm al pla
.
Vhe heer area of mar
me
err
or
ha

he Phl woul loe plu

he forego g reao  warra
a re-exam a
o of
he roo
of
Y o ea
 lam
o Palma
he Palma rb
ra
o of g928.
YY/cc  c cYccc'

c
VE CSE Y? ?UVSELL. Vhe Sw arb
ra
or ax uber u 
l
ummare
he o fl
 g lam
o Palma whe he a Y
le
w
h
he bou are of
he Phlpp e a ee b Spa
o
he US
 g898 (b
he Vrea
 of Par). Vhe pu
e bega  g906 whe
aj. Ge . Leo ar Woo
he
he mera Gov-Ge of
he Phl.
v
e Palma a  overe
he Du
h flag ho
e o
he la .
a
ve who poke Spa h allegel  forme hm of
he v
 of
?e
herla  ubje

o
he la .
WV UBE DOES?
V VELL US. Vhe mera  were ge erall
he
a

o purue
he lam. Vhe la  wa mall a  popula
e b
689 eae a  e

u
e  hab
a
 of low me
al
 who peak a
ala-Spa h ale
; a 
he legal reoure
o
he lam  lu g
reoure
o arb
ra
o  wa o
ju
fe ow g
o
he
rfl g value
of
he la . ?ever
hele
here wa a lo
of publ
  g9gg over
a repor

ha
Du
h au
hor
e
ore ow a US flag fou  o
he
la  whh go
a
lea
o e US e a
or
o ak abou

he vera
 of

he repor
.
Vhe US
re
o prove
he pame
of Y+ or ree e er
fa
e

axe b
he la 
  hab
a

o
he Spa h Gover me
 a well
a regular v
 of Spa h aval veel
o
he la . rhve 
Sevlle alo loe eve e
ha
Spa e
a expe
o
o
he
la   g7g0 a 
ha
a group of Jeu
mo are were a
uall
e

o e

le 
he la  w
h
he avowe goal of o ver
 g
he

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!"$+c

DUVC CLY Y? ?UVSELL. Vhe allege grou  for
he

?e
herla  lam
(g)c Y
he g7
h e
ur Palma wa o quere b
he ajah of
Vabuka  who  g877 g e a agreeme
w
h
he Du
h Ea

Y e Compa 
ha

he Vabuka
err
ore houl beome
he
proper
 of
he ompa ;
(2)c Vhe poeo of
he Du
h Ea
Y e Compa  ame u er

he re
o
rol of
he ?e
herla  Gov
. S e
he beg  g
of
he g9
h e
ur
he la  ha bee u er
he uera
 of

he ?e
herla ;
(3)c Vhe  hab
a
 pa
axe
o
he Du
h gover me
 e
he

h
earl g9 e
ur;
(4)c Vhe la   ame  o
ra
be
wee
he Du
h gover me

a 
he Sul
a of Vura
e;
(5)c Vhe ?e
herla  gover me

roue va a
o upo
he
la ;
(6)c Vhe ?e
herla  au
hor
e v
e
he la  a
lea
o e a
ear;
(7)c Spa ever que
o e
he rgh
of
he ?e
herla  gover me


o exere 
 overeg
 or
o pla

 flag o
he la ; a 
(8)c Spa  o
hav g o
rol of
he la  a

he
me of eo 
g898 oul o
ee 

o
he US.
Ympl
 
 argume
 
ha
whle Spa ma have ha

le
o
he
la  b vr
ue of over 
ha  e cAc 



le b allow g
he Du
h Ea
Y e Compa 
o e
er 
o
o
ra
 a  agreeme
 w
h a
ve ruler who ee
her

err
ore  favor of
he ompa .
YSCELL?EOUS FCVS. Vhe ae oul o
be brough

o
he
Perma e
Cour
of Y
er a
o al Ju
e beaue
he US wa o
a
member of
he League of ?a
o  a  o eque
l of
he PCYJ. Vhe
ae woul have bee eall brough

o
he PCYJ beaue 
 volve

er a
o al law. Vhe mera  beleve however
ha

he PCYJ
mgh
be bae aga 

he US beaue
he our
wa bae a
Vhe
ague a  heae b a Du
h ma . Wh
he US o ere
he PC

o be more eu
ral o er g 
 alo bae a
Vhe ague wa o

ue. ax uber wa a
uall o

he US
 fr
hoe a
rb
ra
or;
he wa
e a er
a Dr. oruo Oa or o e Lor F la
a member of
he PCYJ or a Dr. Wal
er Shuk g of Germa .
VE DUVC D VE UPPE ?DU lke ubeque
arb
ra
o 
probabl
o m me o

he par
e 
pula
e
ha

he
proee g hall be  c
c or lm
e
o emora um


c cc  c9 c 


Page ) of g *

a  Cou
er-emora um. Vhe 
pula
o ha
he effe
of

lm
 g
he abl
 of eah par

o prove fa
 
wa alleg g. Wore

he mera  a 
he Du
h ha a ffere
o 
ru
o of
he
requ
e emora um Co 
e
w
h moer form of ummar
proeure
he mera  ubm

e all
her argume
 a  eve e
b wa of exe
o
her emora um. O
he o
her ha 
he
Du
h  o

a
e
he e
re
 of
her ae 
her emora um;
 
ea
he ummare
her argume
 for
he fr

me o l 

her Cou
er-emora um e abl g
hem
o pu
e po
b po


he mera 
argume
. o
alarm g
o Phlp Jeup
he Du
h
ever a

ahe a  of
her allege oume
ar eve e;
he
merel u er
ook
o proue
hem upo reque
of
he arb
ra
or.
Vhe mera pa el reg
ere 
 obje
o
o
he ma er b whh

he Du
h wa
e
o prove
her allega
o  bu

he Du
h po
o
wa upoul u
a e b uber  h awar.

uber

heor wa w
hou
preee
a  ma probabl be
erbe a a bol ar
ula
o of a ew
heor whh u
l
oa
oe o
eem
o have bee gve we aep
a e. Jurprue e
abou   
er a
o al law repe
 g aqure rgh
 or appl g
he
law  fore a

he
me of
he rea
o of
he rgh
. Vhu 
a
e


le

o
err
or aqure a a reul
of o que
 o

 
ex
 guhe a a reul
of
he re of
he o
emporar orm
forb g
he ue of fore 
he o u
of 
er a
o al rela
o .

UBE BYSED uber ake for fur
her wr

e  
ru
o 

 expla a
o ] o l from
he ?e
herla  ak g
hem
o expla
he
weak e 
her argume
 a po
e ou

he mera Cou
eremora um. Vhe mera  obje
e bu

he rb
ra
or wa
he
ole Juge of que
o  o proeure.

VEO OF CO?SVUCVYME POSSESSYO?. Vhere be g a pau
 of

eve e of a
ual Spa h exere of au
hor
 o Palma 
wa
proper
o
ake 
o aou

he fa

ha

he la   o e par
of
he
geographal u 
k ow a
he Phlpp e arhpelago. Jeup
 
e
ha
Spa


le over
he arhpelago  lear a 
ha

he
abe e of o
rar eve e 
mu
be  
ha
her
$$
cc$cc#
ccc
c
$c
 . .
$c.
ccc,c$$
,c
c
ccc. Bee
he fa

ha

he US  o
a
uall
ubm
eve e of effe
ve oupa
o (e.g. olle
o of Y+
repor
 from
he ffere
Ca
hol e
 o
he la ) wa olel
beaue Spa  o
prove
he US w
h uh eve e. B efaul


herefore
he US ha
o argue
ha

wa u eear
o prove
h
pef fa
of effe
ve oupa
o .

&+


c %
$c  a  voke b
he mera  gve re ccc

$c
 whh mu
be $
hrough cc
$
c$c
$
c$
c$$
.  hoa
e


le oul o
preval over
he o
 uou a  peaeful pla of
au
hor
 b a o
her 
a
e; for uh pla ma preval eve over a
pror ef 
ve

le pu
forwar b a o
her 
a
e.
c Vhe ?e
herla  e
ablhe effe
ve oupa
o
hrough amo g
o
her  Co
ra
of Suera
 w
h
he loal ruler a 
rbeme
of
he la .
c 
:
 1 Where ffere
legal rule ex
e over a
pero of
me bo
h
he rule a

he rea
o of
he rgh
a  a

he

me of 
 exere mu
be apple.  formula
e b uber
he
appla
o of 
er-
emporal law 
he legal ba for
hr 
a
e
(e.g. ?e
herla )
o aqure a be

er

le
o pu
e la  o

he ba of ubeque
a
 exeu
e over a lo g pero of
me
from
he  pe

me of over.
c 

1 a jual
eh que 
he ue of eve e a  more
epeall
he exluo of eve e o 
 g of elf-erv g a

of par
e a
a 
age whe 
wa eve

ha
a pu
e ex
e.
JESSUP SOWS W E S OOV COUV COPEVYVYO? ?ED
FVE Y. e ha r
m o
o l o
he proeural ape
of

he arb
ra
o  bu
alo o
he ub
a
ve ape
 of
he awar.
Y?VE-VEPOL LW S FOULVED !$!0m V . ume

ha
S
a
e aqure Yla  X from S
a
e B b a Vrea
 of Peae af
er a
war  whh 
he v
or... ume
ha
hol X bu
w
hou

mak g ue of 
 for 200 ear.

he e  of
ha

me uppoe
ha


he evelopme
of 
er a
o al law ] a 
ha

he ew rule 

ha
o
err
or ma be aqure b a v
or from a va quhe a

he
loe of a war. U er
he
heor of 
er-
emporal law a
expou e 
woul appear
ha
woul o lo ger have goo

le
o
X bu
mu
eure a ew

le upo uh o
her ba a ] 
aora e w
h
he ew rule. Suh a re
roa
ve effe
of law woul
be hghl 
urb g. "c.cc$cccc
$
cc1

c
c
cc$c
cc
c
c
c
cc
ccc$c
cccc$
,cc

c,cc$0


. Yf uh a pr ple were
o be apple
o
prva
e law a  prva
e

le
he reul
woul be hao.

E WE VLKY?G BOUV VE YGV YSL?D EE ll
he Du
h


ame for Palma have alo bee ue
o refer
o
he ?e ua Yla 
a group am

el belo g g
o
he ?e
herla . Y
wa poble

herefore
ha

he la  be g lame b
he ?e
herla  wa o

Palma bu
o e of
he ?e ua Yla . Vh wa a ue of fa

ha

houl have bee ee w
h
he a
a e of exper
.

uber o
o l fale
o apprea
e
he mera formula
o of wha

woul la
er o be
he aep
e 
er a
o al law o
r e alle
6$$
c
cc
,7 he g ore eve
he
ommo 


cc6$
7 a a group of la  a  wa
er
5
form g a geographal whole. Vhu
he US a 
he ?e
herla 
o
h m  ha
o prove effe
ve oupa
o .
CO?VYGUYV VEO . Vhe
heor of o
gu
 wa alrea 
ex
e e  g928; uppor
e w
h eve
oke eve e of effe
ve
oupa
o  eve
he mere ra g of
he Spa h flag 
houl have
bee e ough ba for a awar 
he US
 favor. Bu
uber reje
e

h argume
bae olel o
he allege lak of a po
ve rule
ha


he
heor  reog e  
er a
o al law. e wa obvoul
he
a

o e
ablh a preee
o
h ma

er eve
hough he
woul alo e
ablh
wo revolu
o ar a  preee
-e

 g rul g
(
er-
emporal law r
al a
e). Bu
Me euela 
he 5


5!&"

 alrea rae
he propo
o

ha
oupa
o 
o be effe
ve ee o
ex
e 
o ever ook a 
or er of
he
err
or. Example mera a  Ca aa wler e;
a
ual oupa
o of o l par
 of u
rala a  ?ew Zeala . O l 5
ear af
er uber
 awar a  Jeup
 ar
le
he PCYJ woul
exprel reog e
he ex
e e of
he rule whh uber elare
o -ex
e
. (

1 De mark
 poeo of par

of Gree la  wa hel uffe
eve e of her poeo of
he
whole pu
e area.
JESSUP WS ?OV LO?E. Sr earh Lau
erpah
 are g
he
ue of o
gu
 Y]
 oub
ful whe
her o
w
h
a  g
he

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c cc  c9 c 


hgh au
hor
 of
he arb
ra
or 
oul poe of a o
r e whh

ha fgure prom e
l 
he pra
e of 
a
e... Vhe appare

a
mo  of effe
ve e a  o
gu
 beg 
o wear
h a oo
a we reale
ha
... $
ccccc$ cc
cc
c
ccc$

c
cc
$cc

cc
c
...  a rule
he o ep
o  of effe
ve e
a  o
gu
 of
e prove o more
ha a] 
ar
 g po
... Y

effe
ve e rela
ve
o
he 
ua
o a 
o
he rum
a e...
Whe
ha
po
 reahe
here  l

le
o hooe be
wee
o
gu
 a  effe
ve e of oupa
o . Co
gu
  uh ae
ma be a ee
al o 
o whh gve re
o
he o l eleme
of
ub
a e
o uh o
herwe ab
ra
oupa
o . Y
ha
e e
o
gu
  a fa
or more po
e
.
O
Co ell alo que
o e how effe
ve
he Du
h oupa
o of
Palma oul have bee . Coul 
be
ha
effe
ve e wa

c
c cc$ccc$ 
c


cc
 a 
ha

wa o l beaue
he
?e
herla  ha c c
 
he la 
ha Spa
ha


wa ajuge e

le b
he la

er]
5+

&"


CESSYO? S BSYS OF US
S SV?DY?G. Vhe US
 
cc

a.k.a. 
 pero al

o ava e a rgh
 wa b vr
ue of Spa

eo  g898. Whle eo wa
he  a  u
l ow reog e
a a moe of aqu
o of
err
oral overeg
 
 ubje

o
he
lm
a
o
ha
o e


le  o l a goo a
he

le of o e

preeeor (!Y .Y ). oreover 
ha bee
he
vew  e
he
me of Gro
u
ha

he o e
of
he popula
o of

he ee
err
or  ee
al
o
he val
 of
he eo .
BUV WE WEE LED Y?DEPE?DE?V ?D VE US K?EW. Bu

Spa 
ll have

le
o
he Phlpp e arhpelago o
he a
e of
he
eo  B g2 Ju e g898 or almo
6 mo
h pror
o
he Vrea
 of
Par Spa h ml
ar fore were alrea efea
e b Flp o
revolu
o are a  were ge erall ola
e a  Ge . Emlo
gu alo elare Phlpp e  epe e e a  prolame
he
epubl. Ymmea
el af
erwar a revolu
o ar gover me
wa
elare; a ab e
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re 
e
rea
e olo al Y

Y  Ya 


le b ueo a proof of ow erhp.
m

Y Y cYCJ rule  favor of alaa beaue

effe
ve oupa
o wa prove b 
 effe
ve a
 of
am 
ra
o  pefall g] 
 regula
o o ga
her g of

ur
le egg; 2] 
 bul g of lgh
houe; 3] 
 elara
o of a
br a 
uar.

Page )J of g *

o ep
eal w
h a
 of am 
ra
o . Vheo u
of
he

am 
ra
ve au
hor
e a proof of
he effe
ve exere of

err
oral jur
o 
he rego ur g olo al pero.
ap 
a  g alo e o o
o 

u
e
err
oral

le (oume

e owe b 
er a
o al law w
h 
r  legal fore for
he
purpoe of e
ablh g
err
oral rgh
). owever
he ma be ue
alo e w
h o
her eve e
o e
ablh real fa
. Y
woul have ha a
legal fore f a exe
o a legla
ve or exeu
ve eree.

(
+)2 ;;13
Vc

Vc

Vc

Vc

Vc
Vc

Vhe pu
e rela
e
o ow erhp over
he re ea la 

be
wee Er
rea whh lam

le c$$
 a  eme
whh lam

le c 
$c
cc

$c
.
!  +Y Y Y
al Er
rea
 preeeor  o
ob
a


le
o
he
err
or u er
he Vrea
 of Laua e beaue 
wa
prove
ha

he alle power have e

o agree o who a
lam overeg
 over
he
err
or. Vherefore Er
rea  o

ga

le b ueo .
!    +Y eeval eme ha o o ep
of
err
oral
overeg
. Vherefore eme a o
lam

le b au
oma

revero .
 .Y  Y   + Y0+ 

  Vhe
our
wll e
erm e who ha a be

er lam. Vhe group of la 
ee o
be aware
o o e lama
.
m

Y Y cEffe
ve oupa
o  uh a pe
roleum

o eo    
Yeve e of

le.
  YcVh  a me
ho b whh 9c
 a
be a

rbu
e
o a S
a
e
 overeg
. Ycc$cc
c
cc$c. Vhe ohabbakah Yla  loa
e
w
h
he
err
oral ea of Er
rea properl belo g
o 
.

%&&(

' 2"+3

2 ;>A3
m Y+ +Y Sam (Vhala )  e
oppe from que
o  g
he
elm
a
o 
he map beaue g] Sam  o
rea

o
he map
whe 
wa o pree
e; 2] Fra e (Camboa) rele o Sam

o -obje
o .


 
25?+%32 ;1>3
Vhe pu
e rela
e
o
he 


ccccc$ c

be
wee
he former olo e of Upper Mol
a ( ow Burk a Fao) a 
Sua ( ow al) a  her
e from
he Fre h am 
ra
o a 
ex
 g a

he mome
of  epe e e. YCJ ue
he 
 

/  a  looke 
o eve e of olo al her
age

 Y   +YcVh pr ple prove 


c

cc$
c
ur g
he olo al pero a 
mpoe
he oblga
o
o $c91

c

c


he eve
of c$$
. Y
am
o $c$ccc


c
 a

he mome
whe  epe e e 
aheve.cVhe ra
o ale for
h pr ple 
ha

he 
$cc
c

cc0  ee a
he 
c$  orer
o
preerve wha
ha bee aheve b people who have 
ruggle for

her  epe e e a 
o avo a rup
o .

m

Y  Y8Y

Y Y 8Y
Y "$
c$$
  a
moe of aqur g

le whh eek
o prove

le
o
he
err
or. Vh
o ep
eal w
h
he exere of overeg
 of a 
a
e over a
par
ular
err
or.

m

Y  Y8++Y

Y Y8Y
Y/ .c$$
  a moe of
aqur g

le whh eek
o prove am 
ra
ve bou are. Vh

"!+2 ;;<3
c
ccc aheve perma e e whh
he

rea
 
elf oe o
eearl e jo.
Vc

Vc
Vc

rea
 be
wee
he olo al power Fra e a  Lba wa

e
ere 
o elm
 g 
 fro
er. La
er Cha a  Y
al
beame  epe e
of Fra e a  Lba repe
vel. Vhe
pu
e rela
e
o
he 1

ccc w
h Cha 
 g

he  Y #  +Ya  Y
al argu g
ha

here  o
lo ger a bou ar  e
he
rea
 ha expre.
 Y   +Y/cSueor 
a
e mu
repe

he
olo al bou are of olo al ruler.
VY 
 (   ?o
w
h
a  g
he fa

ha

he

rea
 prove for a mere 20-ear effe
v

he
heor of au
om
a
o prove
ha

ccc
cc
cc
c ccc
 beaue a bou ar e
ablhe
b
rea
 aheve perma e e. Vh   l e w
h
he cc
c$
$cc


.

&:286+!32 ;= 3


  Y

Y 
Y+   UK argue
ha

he bael e

houl be
he low-wa
er mark o perma e
l r la  a 
ha

he
Y ++Y+Yme
ho houl be ue. owever YCJ allowe
?orwa
 me
ho of elm
 g
he fhere o e
hrough
he 
ragh

bae-l e me
ho reko e from
he ou
er l e of
he "#Y
 
beaue g]
h   o o a e w
h geograph real
e
ver
 of fa
 a  peal rum
a e; 2]
h gve a
mpler form
o
he bel
; 3] ge eral
olera
o of
he 
er a
o al
ommu 
; 4]
he g0-mle-maxmum rule o
he maxmum le g
h
of
he bael e oe o
appl beaue 
ha alwa bee oppoe b
?orwa.
0"#Y
 8Y
Y "#Y
   mae up of arou  g20000
 ular forma
o  l g alo g
he oa
of
he ma la . Vhe leare

v g l e be
wee la  a  ea 
he "#Y
  o

he oa
of

he ma la .
0 
 Y+YY 8Y
Y Vh me
ho o 
  ele
 g
appropra
e po
 o
he low wa
er mark a  raw g 
ragh
l e
be
wee
hem. e
ho apple
o well-ef e ba a  ae of
m or urva
ure of
he oa
l e. Vhe goal 
o prove a mpler form

o
he bel
of
he
err
oral wa
er.

V Y ++Y+YY 8Y
Y Vh me
ho o 
  raw g
he
ou
er lm
of
he bel
of
err
oral wa
er b follow g
he oa
 all

  uo
e. e
ho apple
o or ar oa
.

  Y  Y  
  Y Y Vhe follow g are
fu ame
al o era
o   here

he a
ure of
he
err
oral
ea. Fr

he raw g of bael e mu
o
epar

o a 
appreable ex
e
from
he ge eral re
o of
he oa
. a
o for

h  beaue 

he la  whh o fer upo
he oa
al 
a
e
he


c cc  c9 c 


rgh

o
he wa
er off 
 oa
. Seo 
he ea area l g w
h
he
bael e mu
be loel l ke
o
he la  oma
o be ubje

o

he regme of 
er al wa
er. Vhr
he eo om 
ere
peular
o

he rego  a eve e b lo g uage houl be o ere.


2 ;D=3
% Y  Y ++  Y Y
0&++- cVY 
++ mea  a
err
or belo g g
o o o e over whh overeg

a be $0
cc$$
. Vh  beaue
g] 
a
e pra
e  a
e
ha
a
err
or  hab
e b
rbe hav g a
oo-pol
al orga a
o  o
Y Y++8
2] Spa ever
rea
e 
 ae a oupa
o  bu
merel
pro
e
o .

VY Y Y+Y
+ Y Y YY YY  Y Y 2 
 2  cBo
h oroo a  aur
a a lam
o have legal
e
w
h We
er Sahara pror
o 
 olo a
o b Spa
hrough.
oroo lam
o have mmemoral poeo  a  publ pla
of overeg
 u 
errup
e a  u o
e
e for e
ure a

h
eve e b
he rab o que
 7 Ce
ur D. Vhe our
reje
e

h o
e
o beaue
here wa c
cc$ bu
c
c
$ of   ( o
all) of
he oma people.
aur
a a bae 
 lam o
he aur
a e

 whh e o
e
he
ul
ural geographal a  oal e

 ex
 g 
he
rbe of
We
er Sahara. Vhe our
reje
e
h o
e
o beaue
here
wa c$ c


c$
?ccc
.
Y a
o 
he YCJ
ook o
e of
he follow g fa

g]
he pra
e of
axa
o wa o e b
he people of We
er
Sahara for
hemelve;
2]
he oma a
ure of
he
rbe  o
rar
o
he o ep
of
overeg
;
3]
here wa o eve e
he people reog e a  fur
her
allega e ou
e
her loal leaer.

6?- 25

+
"32 ;;;3

rea
 be
wee
he olo al power Germa  a  UK wa e
ere

o elm
 g Sou
hwe
fra. La
er ?amba beame  epe e

from Germa ; a  Bo
wa a wa forme 
he former Br
h

err
or. Vhe pu
e rela
e
o
he loa
o of
he bou ar arou 

he Kakl Seuu Yla  be
wee ?amba a  Bo
wa a.

 Y   +YcVhere  o agreeme

he
rea
 a
o

he exa
bou ar l e; a  e
her 
here proof of effe
ve
oupa
o b ?amba a  Bo
wa a. Y
he abe e of
hee
rum
a e ?amba a  Bo
wa a a ueor mu
repe


he bou ar e
b
he olo al power.

(+



2 ;;A3
El Salvaor a  o ura beame  epe e

a
e af
er
he

egra
o of
he Spa h empre  Ce
ral mera. Eve before

her  epe e e Spa h Ce
ral mera ha overlapp g
am 
ra
ve bou are. Par
e eek
o have
he bou are
e
erm e.

 Y   +Y Vhe pr ple wll be ue where
he
olo al bou are are o
lear a  
h ae where lak of
oph
a
e mea  of urve g le
o ae of overlapp g
am 
ra
ve bou are.


Page )
of g *

Y Y  Vhe YCJ  o
look 
o effe
ve oupa
o

beaue
he
err
ore were ubje

o o l o e olo al power.

++Y

Y  Yc Y orer
o e
erm e
he olo al bou are

he YCJ looke 
o
he olo al Y

Y  Y or o
empora eou a


whh refer
o
he belef of o e
ha
he belo g
o o e or
he o
her
u 
.
 Y Y  belef of o e
ha
he belo g
o
h par
ular
u 
.
 ++Y

Y  Y proof of olo al bou are;
he our

looke a
republ

le ubm

e
o
hem a  alo
he ubeque

a
 of par
e af
er  epe e e.

 
 &"

2+%@32 ;0 3
Yf
he la   u  hab
e phal oupa
o  o
eear.
Ope elara
o  uffe
.
Clpper
o la   Y ++ o er g
hec
err
or wa
u  hab
e a  w
hou
am 
ra
o . Sovereg
 over
he la 
wa elare b Fra e from
he mome

 av member la e
o
he la   g858 a  wa 
c
cc>c VY
+ Y
he ame ear.

 + 8 YY  Fra e uefull aqure

le
b oupa
o . 
$c$$
  o
requre where
g]
err
or  Y ++8
2] a

he
me
he oup g 
a
e make 
 appeara e
here; a 
3]
ak g of poeo a  
e

o poe  how b a publ
elara
o of overeg
.
c

,

 
!, $*
Whe ol wa overe ma  ou
re la lam over 
. Ch a
bae 
 lam o over effe
ve oupa
o  a  reog 
o .
Vhe Phlpp e bae 
 lam o effe
ve oupa
o af
er Japa
re ou e 


le over
he la . Vhe ar
le ue
he moe of
aqur g
err
or.
2Y
%. 
VY   1

m

Y Y cEffe
ve oupa
o 
he offal exere of

exluve au
hor
 b a oup g 
a
e or a  au
hore pero 
w
h or w
hou
phal oupa
o epe  g o whe
her or o

he
la   u  hab
e (+Y +%   ). ?o
e
ha


err
or mu
be Y ++

%. Y Y  cqu
o of
err
or reul
 where
here 
lo g a  o
 ue poeo .
$ Y  +Y

Y 
  Y%. 
VY   1
m Y+ E
oppel  a ge eral pr ple of 
er a
o al law whh
prelue a o
her lama
from aqur g

le.
Y 8 Y  +YcDover alo e gve
he lama
merel a
 hoa
e

le. Vh mu
o ur w
h effe
ve oupa
o for
here
o
be aqu
o of proper
 (+
 +Y). ?o
e
ha

err
or
mu
be Y ++
YPoeo  a 
ro g eve e of

le whe ouple w
h
effe
ve oupa
o  bu
 o
e ough o 
 ow for
he aqu
o
of

le. ?o
e
ha
poeo requre YY
  YYcVhere  o 
ru
ve poeo of
he whole
la  or arhpelago where a oa
of
he la  or a
la  le
rok of
he arhpelago have bee a
uall oupe b


c cc  c9 c 


a o
her 
a
e. Vhere a be o o 
ru
ve poeo where
he

oupe la   o far 
a
from
he o
her 
he group.
 
 cCo
gu
 merel rae a preump
o of oupa
o .
.Y cCo que
 a mea  b whh
err
or a be aqure b
a e em
hrough
he omple
e a  f al ubjuga
o of
he
err
or
ouple w
h
he e em
 elara
o of 
 
e
o
o o quer.
Co que
wa o e a aep
e orm bu
 ow llegal.


Y
Y


Y













Page )+ of g *

++
 Y
YY+
  
 Y
 Y
YY+Y Y+ 

 
 Y
+
0  Y#  , Y +Y
 YYY+
"Y Y +0  Y YY Y#  m
+ +Y

+82 ;1>3

US ml
ar la m e  ?aragua 
er al wa
er a   


err
oral ea a  alo g ?aragua por
 au g ma
eral amage
o
?aragua a   oe
veel. Vhe US Gover me
 o
ue a 
publ a  offal war  g
o 
er a
o al hpp g of
he ex
e e
a  loa
o of
he m e.

c
/c Y " 'c(' ".c
c
Y
er al wa
er are all wa
er la war from
he bael e of
he

err
or (rver lake ba e
). Sovereg
 over
hee 
he ame
 ex
e
a overeg
 over la  a   o
ubje

o
he rgh
of
 oe
paage. owever  0% % 
he arb
ra
or
a
ha
aor g
o 
er a
o al law por
 of ever 
a
e mu
be
ope
o foreg veel a  a o l be loe whe v
al 
ere
 of

he 
a
e o requre. Bu
aor g
o ! 
 0a oa
al 
a
e
ma regula
e ae
o 
 por
.
Ba are well-marke  e
a
o  whoe pe e
ra
o   uh
propor
o
o
he w
h of 
 mou
h a
o o
a la -loke wa
er
a  o 

u
e more
ha a mere urva
ure of
he oa
. Vo be
o ere a ba
he area of
he  e
a
o mu
be a large a or
larger
ha 
ha
of a em-rle whoe ame
er  a l e raw
aro
he mou
h of
ha
 e
a
o ( YY( +Y Y ).

or ba are
hoe whh are
rea
e b
he oa
al 
a
e a

er al wa
er o
he ba of h
or rgh
 ak owlege b o
her

a
e.
90 1
 Y
YY+   
  ++  !m00 Y Y
V Y 
Y Y, Y!
 ,  Y + Y  Y
 +0  Y+ Y Y   +#     Y+Y

cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
C

c
cc: #
c!
c 
c c # cccc!
c cc=c   c
cc# cc c cc c=cc c:  )c) cc c !c
 !c

 Y + Y Coa
al S
a
e

 Sovereg
 ex
e 
o 
er al
wa
er a  arpae. Coa
al S
a
e
 Law appl  Y
er al Wa
er.
Vhe la g of m e w
h
he por
 of a o
her S
a
e  gover e b

he law rela
 g
o 
er al wa
er whh are ubje

o
he
overeg
 of
he oa
al S
a
e. Vhe po
o  mlar a regar
m e plae 
he
err
oral ea. Y

herefore
he overeg
 of

he oa
al S
a
e whh  affe
e  uh ae. Y
 alo b vr
ue of

 overeg

ha

he oa
al S
a
e ma regula
e ae
o 
 por
.
O
he o
her ha  

rue
ha
 orer
o e jo ae
o por

foreg veel poe a u
omar rgh
of  oe
paage 

err
oral wa
er for
he purpoe of e
er g or leav g 
er al
wa
er.

, YY
!
 Y YSuh  guara
ee fr

he
exluve eo om o e a  beo 
err
oral wa
er a  o
he
hgh ea 
follow
ha
a  S
a
e whh e jo a rgh
of ae
o
por
 for 
 hp alo e jo all
he freeom eear for mar
me
avga
o . Yf
h rgh
of ae
o
he por
 h ere b
he la g
of m e b a o
her S
a
e wha
  fr ge 
he freeom of
ommu a
o  a  of mar
me ommere.
all eve
 
 er
a

ha

erfere e w
h avga
o 
hee area prejue bo
h
he
overeg
 of
he oa
al S
a
e over 
 
er al wa
er a 
he rgh

of free ae e joe b foreg hp.
/c "Y -Y'c."'c
Vh 
he bel
of ea ou
war from
he bael e a  up
o g2
au
al mle beo . egar g 
 w
h
he org al rule wa
he
a o ho
 rule where
he w
h wa meaure 
erm of
he


c cc  c9 c 


ra ge of hore-bae ar
ller. Vh la
er beame
he 3-mle rule.

U er
he U?CLOS
he rule  ow g2 mle. Vake o
e however

ha
where
he appla
o of
he g2-mle rule
o eghbor g l

oral

a
e woul reul
 overlapp g
he v g l e   
ea a
mea l e equ
a
from
he oppo
e bael e. Bu

h
equ
a
rule oe o
appl where h
or

le or o
her peal
rum
a e requre a ffere
meaureme
.
Vhe ex
e
of
he
err
oral ea epe  o
he bael e. Vhe bael e

he low-wa
er l e alo g
he oa
a marke o large ale har

offall reog e b
he oa
al S
a
e. Vhe w
h of
he
err
oral
ea  meaure from
h l e. Vhere are 2 wa of raw g
he
bael e. Vhe ormal bael e  raw follow g
he low-wa
er l e
alo g
he oa
a marke o large-ale har
 offall reog e
b
he oa
al S
a
e. Vh l e follow
he urva
ure of
he oa
a 

herefore woul ormall o
o 
of 
ragh
l e. Vhere  o
fxe orm for e
erm  g
h low-wa
er l e or mark bu

he
%
+(! Y
,Y YYugge
e u g
he mea be
wee

he hgh a  low
e.
rhpelag 
a
e  
ea ue 
ragh
bael e. Vhee are raw
o e
 g ele
e po
 o
he oa
w
hou
appreable
epar
ure from
he ge eral hape of
he oa
. Vh wa
he me
ho
ue 
he %
+(! Y
,Y YY a   ow  r
. 7(g) of
U?CLOS. Vh ar
le prove
ha

ragh
bael e ma be ue
where
he oa
l e  eepl  e
e a  u

o or f
here  a
fr ge of la  alo g
he oa
 
 mmea
e v 
. Some
guel e
o be oberve  u g
h me
ho
g.c
he raw g of 
ragh
bael e mu
o
epar

o a 
appreable ex
e
from
he ge eral re
o of
he oa

2.c
he ea area l g w
h
he l e mu
be uffe
l
loel l ke
o
he la  oma
o be ubje

o
he
regme of 
er al wa
er
3.c
he bael e hall o
be raw
o a  from low-
e
eleva
o 
4.c
ake aou
of eo om 
ere
 peular
o
he rego
o er e
he real
 a  mpor
a e of whh are learl
eve e b lo g uage
5.c
h me
ho ma o
be apple  uh a ma er a
o u

off
he
err
oral ea of a o
her S
a
e from
he hgh ea or
a EEZ (ex. S gapore)
Vhe overeg
 of
he oa
al 
a
e over 

err
oral ea
he
arpae above 
 a 
he eabe 
he ame a 
 overeg
 over

 la 
err
or. owever
he ea  ubje

o
he rgh
of  oe

paage b o
her 
a
e. Vhe rule o  oe
paage apple
o hp
a  arraf
. Submar e however mu
urfae.
Y oe
paage  avga
o
hrough wa
er  a expe
ou a 
o
 uou ma er whh  o
prejual
o
he peae goo orer
or eur
 of
he oa
al 
a
e. Some example of paage whh 
o
 oe
are fh g pollu
 g weapo  pra
e p g reearh
a
v
e a  a  o
her a
v
 o
hav g a re
bear g o
paage. Coa
al 
a
e o have rgh
 of pro
e
o  whh 
he
u la
eral rgh

o verf
he  oe
hara
er of paage. Vhu
he
ma
ake eear 
ep
o preve
o
 oe
paage a 
he
ma
emporarl upe 
he rgh
of  oe
paage f
h 
ee
al for
he pro
e
o of 
 eur
.
Vake o
e
ha
la  a  rok whh a o
u
a huma
hab
a
o or eo om lfe have
her ow
err
oral ea.
W
h
he
err
oral ea
he flag 
a
e ha rm al a  vl
jur
o . owever
here are exep
o . W
h repe

o rm al
jur
o 
he oa
al 
a
e a exere 
 rm al jur
o 

Page * of g *

o e
o w
h a  rme omm

e o boar
he hp ur g 


paage f
g.c
he o eque e of
he rme ex
e 
o
he oa
al 
a
e
2.c
he rme 
urb
he peae of
he ou
r or goo orer
of
he
err
oral ea
3.c
he hp
 ma
er or ploma
 age
o ular offer of
he
flag 
a
e reque
e
he a
a e of
he loal au
hor
e
4.c 
 eear
o uppre ll

raff  aro
 rug.
Vhe oa
al 
a
e ma exere 
 vl jur
o b lev g
exeu
o or arre
 g
he hp o l  repe
of oblga
o  or
labl
e aume or  urre b
he hp 
elf 
he oure of or for

he purpoe of 
 voage
hrough
he wa
er of
he oa
al 
a
e.

&:2 ;= 3

Y g935 ?orwa elm
e a er
a fhere o e whh wa
exluvel reerve
o 
 a
o al. Vh elm
a
o  u g 
ragh

bael e wa oppoe b
he UK. Vhe oa
al o e  volve ha a

 
ve o fgura
o (lo g a  ver broke ). Vhe Cour
uphel

h ?orwega elm
a
o .
Y Y+( Y  "+ For
he purpoe of meaur g
he brea
h of

he
err
oral ea 

he low-wa
er mark a oppoe
o
he hghwa
er mark or
he mea be
wee
he
wo
e whh ha ge erall
bee aop
e 
he pra
e of S
a
e. Vh r
ero 
he mo

favourable
o
he oa
al S
a
e a  learl how
he hara
er of

err
oral wa
er a appur
e a

o
he la 
err
or.
0 
 Y+YY cVh me
ho o 
 of ele
 g
appropra
e po
 o
he low-wa
er mark a  raw g 
ragh
l e
be
wee
hem. Vh ha bee vall o e o
o l 
he ae of
well-ef e ba bu
alo  ae of m or urva
ure of
he oa

l e where 
wa olel a que
o of gv g a mpler form
o
he bel

of
err
oral wa
er.
!  &Y+YY Y++cBu

he ?orwega elm
a
o  
ll
ubje

o er
a pr ple whh make 
poble
o juge
he
elm
a
o
 val
 u er 
er a
o al law. Vhe elm
a
o of ea
area ha alwa a 
er a
o al ape
; 
a o
be epe e

merel upo
he wll of
he oa
al S
a
e a expree  
 mu pal
law. l
hough 

rue
ha

he a
of elm
a
o  eearl a
u la
eral a
 beaue o l
he oa
al S
a
e  ompe
e

o
u er
ake 

he val
 of
he elm
a
o w
h regar
o o
her
S
a
e epe  upo 
er a
o al law. Cer
a ba o era
o 
 here

he a
ure of
he
err
oral ea br g
o lgh
er
a
r
era whh
hough o
e
rel pree a prove our
 w
h a
aequa
e ba for
her eo  whh a be aap
e
o
he
vere fa
  que
o . mo g
hee ome refere e mu
be mae

o
he loe epe e e of
he
err
oral ea upo
he la  oma .
Y

he la  whh o fer upo
he oa
al S
a
e a rgh

o
he
wa
er off 
 oa
. Y
follow
ha
whle uh a S
a
e mu
be
allowe
he la

ue eear  orer
o be able
o aap


elm
a
o
o pra
al ee a  loal requreme

he raw g of
bae-l e mu
o
epar

o a  appreable ex
e
from
he
ge eral re
o of
he oa
. o
her fu ame
al o era
o 

he more or le loe rela
o hp ex
 g be
wee er
a ea area
a 
he la  forma
o  whh ve or urrou 
hem. Vhe real
que
o rae 
he hoe of bae-l e   effe
whe
her er
a
ea area l g w
h
hee l e are uffe
l loel l ke
o
he
la  oma
o be ubje

o
he regme of 
er al wa
er. Vh ea
whh  a

he ba of
he e
erm a
o of
he rule rela
 g
o ba
houl be lberall apple 
he ae of a oa

he geographal
o fgura
o of whh  a u uual a
ha
of ?orwa. Vhe la

o era
o 
ha
of er
a eo om 
ere
 peular
o a


c cc  c9 c 


rego 
he real
 a  mpor
a e of whh are learl eve e b

lo g uage.

(+ 

2 ;;A3
Vhe legal 
a
u of
he la  loa
e 
he Gulf of Fo ea beame
a ue of pu
e;
he que
o of
he la  fro
er followe  g86g.
Borer  e
 le
o mou
 g
e o be
wee El Salvaor a 
o ura a  ul
ma
el
o a arme o fl
 g969
+
 Y+

,Y?o e of
he la  ha bee
erra
ullu  g82g
he a
e of  epe e e. Vhu overeg
 over
he
la  ha bee aheve aor g
o
he u
 poe
 jur
pr ple (olo al bou are are o
 uall aop
e). owever
he
appla
o of
h pr ple uffere from
he lak of oume

ha

mgh
have
e
fe learl
he apper
a a e of
he la 
o o e
am 
ra
ve 
r
or
he o
her. Vhu
he Cour
wa fore
o
o e
ra
e more o
he behavour of
he par
e w
h regar
o
he
la  af
er g82g. O
h ba
he Cour
fou 
ha
El Vgre
apper
a e
o o ura a  ea guera a  ea guer
a
o El
Salvaor.
+

,Y+ +7 Y  !$0  +7 
Y    Y  +Co er g
he me o  a 
propor
o 
he Gulf woul
oa be regare a a jural ba 
aora e w
h U?CLOS. owever
he Gulf wa o
a  gle S
a
e
ba bu
o 

u
e a o alle h
oral ba whh  e
her ef e

he g958 Co ve
o or 
he Co ve
o of g982. From
h fa


he Cour
o lue
ha

 eo ha
o be
ake o
he ba of
u
omar 
er a
o al law. Cour
looke a

he Ce
ral mera
Cour
of Ju
e of g9g7 o luo
ha

he Gulf of Fo ea
effe
vel o 

u
e a "loe ea" belo g g
o all
hree oa
al
S
a
e ommu all w
h
he exep
o of a
hree mle o e
e
ablhe u la
erall b eah oa
al S
a
e. Vhu
he Ce
ral
mera Cour
vewe
he Gulf of Fo ea a a o om um
reul
 g from
he ueo of
he
hree S
a
e from Spa  g82g.
U
l
he 
he Gulf ha bee a  gle S
a
e ba belo g g
o Spa
alo e. or g
o
he Cour

he eo of
he Ce
ral mera
Cour
u erl e
he fa

ha
a

he
me of  epe e e o
bou are were elm
e 
he Gulf a 
hu
he wa
er ha
rema e u ve.
Cour
hel
ha
Gulf of Fo ea wa a ae of "h
or wa
er"
whereb
he
hree oa
al S
a
e ha ueee
o ommu al
overeg
. Y o
ra

o
he fro
er elm
e o la 
he wa
er
of
he Gulf ha ever bee ve or o
herwe elm
e af
er
he
 epe e e of
he
hree oa
al S
a
e. Vhu
he ommu al
ueo for
he
hree S
a
e wa a logal o eque e of
he u

poe
 jur pr ple w
h regar
o
he overeg
 of
he Gulf.

8


+2 ;>=3
Cae  volve
he 
erpre
a
o of ome
erm ue 
he
Submerge La  
. S
a
e of Calfor a a 
he Feeral gover me

are
r g
o e
erm e who ow  a  ha jur
o over
he
ubol eabe of
he o
 e
al helf a 
he reoure loa
e

here alo g
he Calfor a. Vo reolve uh
he Cour
ue
he
ef 
o of releva
mar
me
erm.
  Feeral gover me
ow  a  ha exluve jur
o
over uh beo  3 mle eawar from
he oa
l e. Calfor a ow 
a  ha exluve jur
o over uh w
h 3 mle or
he
ela 
alo g 
 oa
(ef e a
he hore of
he ma la  a  of la 
be
wee
he l e of mea hgh wa
er a 
he l e of mea lower low
wa
er).
Y
 Cour
aop

he ef 
o  
he Y
er a
o al
Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he Co
guou Zo e

Page g of g *

Coa
l e - (r
. 8 of
he Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he

Co
guou Zo e)
(a) Vhe l e of mea lower low wa
er o
he ma la  o la 
a  o low-
e eleva
o  l g wholl or par
l w
h
hree
geographal mle from
he l e of mea lower low wa
er o
he
ma la  or o a la ; a 
(b) Vhe l e mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er.
Vh  lue mofa
o  b a
ural or ar
fal mea  a   lue

he ou
ermo
perma e
harbour work
ha
form a 
egral par
of

he harbour 
em
"Yla " - a a
urall-forme area of la  urrou e b wa
er whh
 above
he level of mea hgh wa
er;
"Low-
e eleva
o " - a a
urall-forme area of la  urrou e b
wa
er a
mea lower low wa
er whh  above
he level of mea
lower low wa
er bu
o
above
he level of mea hgh wa
er;
"ea lower low wa
er" -
he average eleva
o of all
he al lower
low
e ourr g over a pero of g8.6 ear;
"ea hgh wa
er" -
he average eleva
o of all
he hgh
e
ourr g over a pero of g8.6 ear;
"Geographal mle" - a 
a e of g852 me
er (6076.g0333 U.S.
Surve Fee
or approxma
el 6076.gg549 Y
er a
o al Fee
).
oa
ea - wa
er be
wee la  a  wa
er be
wee la 
a 
he ma la  are o
per e  la  wa
er.
"Y la  wa
er" (Par. 2(b) Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he
Co
guou Zo e) wa
er la war of
he bael e of
he
err
oral
ea a   lue
(a)  rver or 
ream flow g re
l 
o
he ea la war of
a 
ragh
l e aro 
 mou
h;
(b)  por
 la war of 
 ou
ermo
perma e
harbor
work a  a 
ragh
l e aro 
 e
ra e;
()  "

$c,< a
ha

erm  ue  paragraph 6 of
r
le 7 of
he Co ve
o  ef e ee
all a a ba over
whh
he U 
e S
a
e ha
ra
o all aer
e a 
ma
a e om o w
h
he aquee e of foreg a
o ;
() .
c
$c c  o
her ba (ef e a a well-marke
oa
al  e
a
o hav g uh pe e
ra
o   propor
o
o
he
w
h of 
 e
ra e a
o o
a la loke wa
er a 
hav g a area  lu g la  w
h
he ba a
lea
a grea

a
he area of a emrle whoe ame
er equal
he le g
h of

he lo g l e aro
he e
ra e of
he ba or
he um of
uh lo g l e f
he ba ha more
ha o e e
ra e)
la war of a 
ragh
l e aro 
 e
ra e or f
he e
ra e
 more
ha 24 geographal mle we la war of a 
ragh

l e o
over 24 geographal mle lo g raw w
h
he ba o
a
o e loe
he grea
e
poble amou
of wa
er. e
uar
of a rver 
rea
e 
he ame wa a a ba.c

8+2 ;>;3
Vhe ue  abou

he orre
ef 
o of Y la  Wa
er. U.S.
argue
ha

he ef 
o  of  la  wa
er o
a e 
he
Y
er a
o al Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea (YCVS) houl preval
over Loua a
 o
e
o
ha

houl be
he Y la  Wa
er L e
(YWL) fxe b
he Comma a
of
he Coa
Guar  g895.
0 Y Y+
 YCour
u
a 
he aop
o of
he YCVS
ef 
o  
he U.S. v. Calfor a ae. Vhe YCVS ef 
o preval
a  
 a follow - "
he l e of or ar low wa
er alo g
ha
por
o


c cc  c9 c 


of
he oa
whh   re
o
a
w
h
he ope ea a 
he l e
mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er."
7Y+YVhe l e mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er  alo

o be raw  aora e w
h
he ef 
o  of
he Co ve
o o

he Verr
oral Sea a 
he Co
guou Zo e.
    +YWhe
her par
ular wa
er are  la  ha epe e o
h
oral a well a geographal fa
or bu
a we a  U 
e
S
a
e v. Calfor a 
 ge erall agree
ha
h
or

le a be
lame o l whe
he "oa
al a
o ha
ra
o all aer
e a 
ma
a e om o w
h
he aquee e of foreg a
o ."

/Y
!
+Y0YY YY + +Y

Y,cc
c
#
,cc
>
c
c


,c
?eare

o
he a
o '
hore are 
/ Vhee
are ubje

o
he
omple
e overeg

of
he a
o  a muh
a f
he were a par
of

 la 
err
or a 

he oa
al a
o ha

he prvlege eve
o
exlue foreg veel
al
oge
her.

Beo 
he  la 
wa
er a  meaure
from
her eawar
ege  a bel
k ow a

he. W
h 

he
oa
al a
o ma
exere ex
e ve
o
rol bu
a o

e 
he rgh
of
 oe
paage
o
foreg a
o 

Ou
e
he
err
oral

ea whh are

er a
o al wa
er o

ubje

o
he om o
of a   gle a
o .

c
0 +Y +Y + 5 
Y
Vhe pol  favor of
a er
a a  
able oa
l e 
ro g a 
 woul eearl
ou
wegh ou
erval g pol o era
o  u er
he Submerge
La  
. We reog e  Calfor a
he erabl
 of "a  gle
oa
l e for bo
h
he am 
ra
o of
he Submerge La  
a 

he o u
of our fu
ure 
er a
o al rela
o ."
$/c . 'Y .c
c
S
ra
 ue for 
er a
o al avga
o (
o avga
e be
wee o e
par
of
he hgh ea or a EEZ a  a o
her par
of
he hgh ea or a
EEZ) are u er
he purvew of U?CLOS bu

he legal regme  uh

ra
  whh paage  regula
e  whole or  par
b lo g
a  g 
er a
o al o ve
o   fore pefall rela
 g
o
uh 
ra
  o
affe
e. Vhrough
hee wa
er hp a  arraf

of all ou
re are allowe
ra 
paage a lo g a
he
proeee w
hou
ela a  w
hou

hrea
e  g
he borer g

a
e.
Vra 
paage 
he exere of
he freeom of avga
o a 
overflgh
olel for
he purpoe of expe
ou a  o
 uou
ra 

(
hu
he mu
proee w
hou
ela) of
he 
ra
. Dur g
ra 

paage foreg hp  lu g mar
me e
f reearh a 
hrograph urve hp ma o
arr ou
a  reearh or urve
a
v
e w
hou

he pror au
hora
o of
he borer g 
a
e.
Vra 
paage   applable 
hree  
a e
g.c f
here ex

hrough
he 
ra
a rou
e
hrough
he hgh
ea or a EEZ of mlar o ve e e  whh ae
he
freeom of avga
o a  overflgh
woul appl
2.c f
he 
ra
 forme b a la  of a 
a
e borer g
he

ra
a  
 ma la  a 
here ex
 eawar of
he
la  a rou
e
o
he hgh ea or EEZ of mlar
o ve e e  whh ae
he rgh
of  oe
paage
woul appl
3.c f
he 
ra
 be
wee a par
of
he hgh ea or EEZ a 
he

err
oral ea of a o
her 
a
e  whh ae
he rgh
of
 oe
paage woul appl.

Page ) of g *

Borer g 
a
e have
he follow g u
e

g.c o

o mpee
he rgh
of
ra 
paage
2.c
o gve appropra
e publ

o a  a ger
o avga
o or
overflgh
w
h or over
he 
ra
of whh
he have
k owlege
3.c o

o upe 
ra 
paage.
Shp a  arraf
exer g
he rgh
of
ra 
paage have
he
follow g u
e
g.c
o proee w
hou
ela
hrough or over
he 
ra

2.c refra from a 
hrea
or ue of fore aga 

he
overeg

err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e
of S
a
e borer g
he 
ra
 or  a  ma er  vola
o
of
he pr ple 
he U? Char
er
3.c refra from a  a
v
e o
her
ha
hoe  e

o
her
ormal moe of o
 uou a  expe
ou
ra 
u le
eear ue
o fore majeure or 
re
4.c
o ompl w
h
he o
her provo  of U?CLOS.
lo foreg veel ma o
arr ou
reearh a  urve a
v
e
w
hou

he pror au
hora
o of
he borer g S
a
e.
Vake o
e
ha

hee u
e (of borer g S
a
e a  foreg veel)
are alo applable
o arhpelag ea la e paage.
S
a
e alo ge
he 
ra
 however are able
o regula
e avga
o
a  o
her ape
 of paage.

2 ;<;3

quaro of Br
h warhp
he ruer aur
u a  Lea er
a 
he e
roer Saumare a  Molage lef

he por
of Corfu a 
proeee or
hwar
hrough a ha el prevoul wep
for m e

he ?or
h Corfu S
ra
. Several hp 
ruk a m e a  were
amage. UK ue People' epubl of lba a
%+&
+Y  5 ++YOblga
o  umbe
upo
lba a au
hor
e o 
e  o
f g for
he be ef
of
he
hpp g  ge eral
he ex
e e of a m efel  lba a
err
oral
wa
er a   war  g
he Br
h warhp of
he mm e
a ger
o
whh
he m efel expoe
hem.
7%00
+
 1
g. eleme
ar o era
o  of huma 
 eve more exa
 g 
peae
ha
 war
2.
he pr ple of freeom of mar
me ommu a
o
3. ever S
a
e' oblga
o o

o allow k ow gl 

err
or
o
be ue for a
 o
rar
o
he rgh
 of o
her S
a
e. lba a
wa aware of
he m ela g  e
he geograph of
he 
ra

eal allowe lba a lgh
houe wa
her
o vew uh
a
v
e.
Y 
Y  
   
  Y
-Y  Y  +
+Vhe eve r
ero  
 geographal 
ua
o a o e
 g

wo par
 of
he hgh ea a 
he fa
of 
 be g ue for

er a
o al avga
o . Vhe a
ure of
he Cha el a
fe
h
r
ero . Y
ha bee a ueful rou
e for 
er a
o al mar
me
raff.

o
al umber of 2 884 hp have pae
hrough
he Cha el  a
pero of g ear a  9 mo
h. Paage
hrough 

herefore a o

be prohb
e b a oa
al S
a
e 
me of peae. Comba
forma
o
e
erm e f a paage   oe
.
$*!1Y
er a
o al 
ra
 are ubje

o o -upe ble
rgh
 of  oe
paage.
/c '>Y "'-.c


c cc  c9 c 


Page

of g *

mmgra
o  or a 
a
o au
hor
 over 

err
oral wa
er or

err
or a 
o pu h uh  fr geme
.

c
rhpelag 
a
e are
hoe whh are mae up wholl of o e or
more arhpelago. For
hee 
a
e
he 
ragh
bael e are raw
be
wee
he ou
ermo
po
 of
he ou
ermo
la  prove

hee po
 are uffe
l loe
o o e a o
her a 
ha
w
h uh
bael e are  lue
he ma la  a  a area  whh
he
wa
er area
o la  area ra
o  be
wee gg a  9g. ll wa
er  e

hee bael e are arhpelag wa
er. Some guel e  raw g

he bael e
g.c
he le g
h of uh bael e hall o
exee g00 au
al
mle exep

ha
up
o 3% of all
he bael e ma reah
up
o g25 mle
2.c
he raw g of
he bael e hall o
epar

o a 
appreable ex
e
from
he ge eral o fgura
o of
he
arhpelago
3.c uh bael e hall o
be raw
o a  from low-
e
eleva
o 
4.c
hee hall o
be apple  uh a ma er a
o u
off
from
he hgh ea or EEZ
he
err
oral ea of a o
her S
a
e

$*!1Vh wa ae a a repo e
o hp whh woul

l ger  area beo 
he S
a
e
 jur
o 
hu beo 
he S
a
e

rm al jur
o  bu
woul o a
  mal
o
he oa
al S
a
e.
emember
ha

he jur
o  lm
e; beo 
he 4 area follow

he regme of
he EEZ. Vake o
e
ha

h 
he o l op
o al regme.

Whle arhpelag 
a
e have overeg
 over a ea area e loe

b
he bael e all o
her 
a
e e jo
he rgh
of  oe
paage

hrough eg a
e ea la e. Foreg hp a  arraf
alo have
he
rgh
of arhpelag ea la e paage whh refer
o o
 uou
expe
ou a  u ob
ru
e paage  ea la  a  ar rou
e

hrough or over
he arhpelag wa
er a 
he ajae

err
oral
ea of
he arhpelag 
a
e 
ra 
be
wee o e par
of
he hgh
ea or a EEZ a  a o
her par
of
he hgh ea or a EEZ (+  
 
Y. arhpelag 
a
e hall repe
ex
 g
agreeme
 w
h o
her 
a
e a  hall reog e
ra
o al fh g
rgh
 a  o
her leg
ma
e a
v
e of
he mmea
el ajae

eghbor g 
a
e  er
a area  lu g
he ma
e a e a 
replaeme
of ubmar e able fall g w
h arhpelag wa
er.

Vhe oa
al 
a
e ha
he rgh

o explore a  explo

 a
ural
reoure
o ere
eee  
alla
o  a 
o ere
a afe
 o e
over 
  
alla
o  w
h a rau of 500 me
er. Vhee rgh
 o o

epe  o oupa
o  effe
ve or o
o al or a  expre
prolama
o . Vh rgh
oe o
affe

he rgh
of avga
o of
o
her. oreover
h rgh
oe o
ex
e 
o o -reoure ma
eral

he helf area uh a wreke hp a 
her argoe. Coa
al

a
e alo have
he rgh

o regula
e au
hore a  o u
mar e
e
f reearh o
he o
 e
al helf.

Vake o
e
ha
u er U?CLOS
he wa
er  e
he arhpelag
bael e are alle arhpelag wa
er.  whle arhpelag 
a
e
ma eg a
e ea la e a  ar rou
e u
able for o
 uou a 
expe
ou paage over
hee arhpelag wa
er f
he arhpelag

a
e oe o
eg a
e uh la e
he rgh
of arhpelag ea la e
paage ma 
ll be exere
hrough rou
e ormall ue for

er a
o al avga
o . Vh  r
e a be g u ul
bure ome for arhpelag 
a
e. (% Y+
 Y +Y
Y+Y+"Y Y + Y 

U er
he Phlpp e Co 

u
o  all wa
er o e
 g
he la 
are 
er al wa
er. Vhu whe
he ou
r ra
fe
he U?CLOS a
elara
o wa ae prov g
ha

Vhe g  g of
he Co ve
o hall o
 a  ma er mpar or
prejue
he overeg rgh
 of
he epubl of
he Phlpp e u er
a  ar g from
he Co 

u
o Suh g  g hall o
 a 
ma er affe

he overeg rgh
 of
he epubl u er a  ar g
ou
of
he Vrea
 of Par a 
he Vrea
 of Wah g
o Vhe
provo  of
he Co ve
o o arhpelag paage
hrough ea
la e o o
ullf or mpar
he overeg
 of
he Phlpp e a a
arhpelag S
a
e over
he ea la e a  o o
eprve 
of
au
hor

o e a
legla
o
o pro
e

 overeg

 epe e e a  eur
.
/c >"c- Y&-&.cB- "c
c
Vh  a area of wa
er o
exee g 24 au
al mle from
he
bael e. Y

hu ex
e  g2 au
al mle from
he ege of
he

err
oral ea. Vhe oa
al 
a
e exere au
hor
 over
ha
area
o

he ex
e
eear
o preve
 fr geme
of 
 u
om fal

Vake o
e
ha

he power of o
rol oe o
ha ge
he a
ure of

he wa
er. Beo 
he
err
oral ea
he wa
er are hgh ea a 
o
ubje

o
he overeg
 of
he oa
al 
a
e.

/c >"c- Y " 'c.>"c

c
Vh refer
o (a)
he eabe a  ubol of
he ubmar e area
ajae

o
he oa
al 
a
e bu
ou
e
he
err
oral ea
o a ep
h
of 200 me
er or beo 
ha
lm

o where
he ep
h allow
explo
a
o ; a  (b)
he eabe a  ubol of area ajae

o
la . U er pefe rum
a e
he o
 e
al helf a
ex
e  up
o a 
a e of 350 mle.

Vake o
e
ha
ar
fal la  or  
alla
o  are o
la  u er

U?CLOS
hough oa
al 
a
e ma e
ablh afe
 o e a 
prerbe afe
 meaure arou 
hem. Yla  o have
her ow
o
 e
al helve.
$*!1Compare
he rgh
 of
he oa
al 
a
e for
he EEZ
(reoure = all e ompa g) a 
he o
 e
al helf. For
he
la

er o l for lv g reoure perma e
l a

ahe ee
ar.




2 ;>;3
Vh ae o er e
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf 
he
?or
h Sea whh  volve De mark
he ?e
herla  a  Germa .
De mark a 
he ?e
herla  bo
h wa
e
o appl
he equ
a e
pr ple whle Germa  oppoe a
h woul propor
o a
el
reue 
 area ue
o
he o ave Germa oa
l e.

Y+    a proe whh  volve e
ablh g
he bou are
of a area alrea  pr ple apper
a  g
o
he oa
al S
a
e a 
o

he e
erm a
o e ovo of uh a area. Delm
a
o  a
equ
able ma er  o e
h g bu
o

he ame
h g a awar g a
ju
a  equ
able hare of a prevoul u elm
e area eve

hough  a umber of ae
he reul
 ma be omparable or eve
e
al.
Y Y  
   Y   . Vhe rgh
 of
he oa
al S
a
e  repe
of

he area of o
 e
al helf
ha
o 

u
e a a
ural prolo ga
o
of 
 la 
err
or 
o a  u er
he ea ex

  a  
  b vr
ue of 
 overeg
 over
he la  a  a a ex
e o
of 
 a exere of overeg rgh
 for
he purpoe of explor g
he
eabe a  explo
 g 
 a
ural reoure. Y hor

here  here a
 here
rgh
. Y orer
o exere 
 o peal legal proe ha
o
be go e
hrough or have a  peal legal a

o be performe. Y

ex
e e a be elare bu
oe o
ee
o be o 

u
e.


c cc  c9 c 


Fur
hermore
he rgh
oe o
epe  o 
 be g exere. Y

follow
ha

he o
o of appor
o  g a a e
u elm
e area 
qu
e foreg
o a   o 
e
w
h
he ba o ep
of
o
 e
al helf e

leme
.
m. YY  +
  + Y
ha ever bee oub
e
ha


he equ
a e me
ho of elm
a
o  a ver o ve e
o e. e


h oe o
uffe
o o ver
wha
 a me
ho 
o a rule of law
mak g
he aep
a e of
he reul
 of u g
ha
me
ho oblga
or
 all ae  whh
he par
e o o
agree o
herwe or  whh
'peal rum
a e' a o
be how
o ex
.
% YY
 Y Y +Y+
 0  Y:  . Vhu

he que
o of whh par
 of
he o
 e
al helf 'ajae

o' a
oa
l e borer g more
ha o e S
a
e fall w
h
he appur
e a e
of whh of
hem rema 
o
h ex
e
a ope o e o

o be
e
erm e o a ba exluvel of proxm
. Eve f proxm
 ma
affor o e of
he
e

o be apple a  a mpor
a
o e 
he rgh

o 
o  
ma o
eearl be
he o l or  all
rum
a e
he mo
appropra
e o e.
2 Y
Y +1  + +
    
+
Y     +Y Y
 
 Y +  Y 
Y  Y
Y YY
  Y   +YY 
++
Y Y
 Submar e area o o
reall apper
a
o
he oa
al
S
a
e beaue
he are ear 
. Wha
o fer
he # Y

le whh

er a
o al law a

rbu
e
o
he oa
al S
a
e  repe
of 

o
 e
al helf 
he fa

ha

he ubmar e area o er e ma
be eeme
o be a
uall par
of
he
err
or over whh
he oa
al
S
a
e alrea ha om o  
he e e
ha
 al
hough overe w
h
wa
er
he are a prolo ga
o or o
 ua
o of
ha

err
or a
ex
e o of 
u er
he ea. Vhu whe ever a gve ubmar e area
oe o
o 

u
e a a
ural ex
e o of
he la 
err
or of a
oa
al S
a
e eve
hough
ha
area ma be loer
o 

ha 

o

he
err
or of a  o
her S
a
e 
a o
be regare a apper
a  g

o
ha
S
a
e; or a
lea

a o
be o regare 
he fae of a
ompe
 g lam b a S
a
e of whoe la 
err
or
he ubmar e
area o er e 
o be regare a a a
ural ex
e o  eve f 

le loe
o 
.
$ Y%#Y +For oppo
e S
a
e
he a
ural prolo ga
o 
ma mee
a  overlap a  a o l be elm
e b a mea l e;
a  g or g
he pree e of le
 rok a  m or oa
al
proje
o 
he propor
o all 
or
 g effe
of whh a be
elm a
e b o
her mea  uh a l e mu
effe
a equal vo
of
he par
ular area  volve. Vh
pe of ae  ffere
from
ha

of la
erall ajae
S
a
e o
he ame oa
w
h o mmea
el
oppo
e oa
 fro
of 
. Wherea a mea l e ve equall
be
wee 2 oppo
e ou
re area
ha
a be regare a be g
he
a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of eah of
hem a la
eral
equ
a e l e of
e leave
o g of
he S
a
e o er e area
ha

are a a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of
he o
her. Vhe 
or
 g
effe
 of la
eral equ
a e l e u er er
a o 
o  of oa
al
o fgura
o are ever
hele ompara
vel mall w
h
he lm

of
err
oral wa
er bu
proue
her maxmum effe

he
loal
e where
he ma o
 e
al helf area le fur
her ou
.
Vhere  alo a re
orrela
o be
wee
he o
o of loe

proxm

o
he oa
a 
he overeg jur
o whh
he
oa
al S
a
e  e

le
o exere a  mu
exere o
o l over

he eabe u er ea
h
he
err
oral wa
er bu
over
he wa
er

hemelve whh oe o
ex
 repe
of o
 e
al helf area
where
here  o jur
o over
he uperjae
wa
er a  over

he eabe o l for purpoe of explora
o a  explo
a
o .

Page  of g *

Y+   Y 
YYY  Y  Y 

Y. +Y +Y
(a)
he par
e are u er a oblga
o
o e
er 
o ego
a
o  w
h
a vew
o arrv g a
a agreeme
 a  o
merel
o go
hrough a
formal proe of ego
a
o a a or
of pror o 
o for
he
au
oma
 appla
o of a er
a me
ho of elm
a
o 
he
abe e of agreeme
;
he are u er a oblga
o o
o o u


hemelve
ha

he ego
a
o  are mea  gful whh wll o
be

he ae whe e
her of
hem  
 upo 
 ow po
o w
hou

o
empla
 g a  mofa
o of 
;
(b)
he par
e are u er a oblga
o
o a
 uh a wa
ha
 
he
par
ular ae a 
ak g all
he rum
a e 
o aou

equ
able pr ple are apple; for
h purpoe
he equ
a e
me
ho a be ue bu
o
her me
ho ex
a  ma be emploe
alo e or  omb a
o  aor g
o
he area  volve;
()
he o
 e
al helf of a  S
a
e mu
be
he a
ural prolo ga
o
of 
 la 
err
or a  mu
o
e roah upo wha

he a
ural
prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of a o
her S
a
e.
Y. 
 YY. YY Y 
Y
+
  Y1
(a) Vhe lgh
e
rregular
  a oa
l e  au
oma
all mag fe
b
he equ
a e l e a regar
he o eque e for
he
elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf. Vhu 
ha bee ee 
he
ae of o ave or o vex oa
l e
ha
f
he equ
a e me
ho
 emploe
he
he grea
er
he rregular
 a 
he fur
her from

he oa
l e
he area
o be elm
e
he more u reao able are
he
reul
 proue. So grea
a exaggera
o of
he o eque e of a
a
ural geographal fea
ure mu
be remee or ompe a
e for
a far a poble be g of 
elf rea
ve of  equ
.
(b) Where
here  o ou
er bou ar
o
he o
 e
al helf 

happe 
ha

he lam of everal S
a
e o verge mee
a 

erro  loal
e where ep
e
her 
a e from
he oa


he be of
he ea 
ll u que
o abl o 
 of o
 e
al helf.

u of
hee o verge e how how  equ
able woul be
he
appare
mplfa
o brough
abou
b a elm
a
o whh
g or g uh geographal rum
a e wa bae olel o
he
equ
a e me
ho.
Y

Y Y Y ?o obje
o ee be fel

o
he ea of

effe
 g a elm
a
o of ajo  g o
 e
al helf area b
he
o urre
ue of varou me
ho. Equ
 oe o
eearl mpl
equal
. Vhere a ever be a  que
o of omple
el refaho  g
a
ure a  equ
 oe o
requre
ha
a S
a
e w
hou
ae
o
he
ea houl be allo

e a area of o
 e
al helf a  more
ha

here oul be a que
o of re er g
he 
ua
o of a S
a
e w
h a
ex
e ve oa
l e mlar
o
ha
of a S
a
e w
h a re
r
e
oa
l e. Bu
here
here are 3 S
a
e whoe ?or
h Sea oa
l e are
 fa
omparable  le g
h a  whh have bee gve broal
equal
rea
me
b a
ure exep

ha

he o fgura
o of o e of
he
oa
l e woul f
he equ
a e me
ho  ue e 
o o e of

hee S
a
e
rea
me
equal or omparable
o
ha
gve
he o
her

wo.  equ
  rea
e merel beaue o e oa
l e  roughl
o vex a 
he o
her o ave. Y
 o
a que
o of
o
all
refaho  g geograph wha
ever
he fa
 of
he 
ua
o bu
 gve
a geographal 
ua
o of qua-equal
 a be
wee a umber of
S
a
e of aba
 g
he effe
 of a  e
al peal fea
ure from
whh a u ju
fable ffere e of
rea
me
oul reul
.
  Y  Y 
g. . Vhe o
 e
al helf  a area phall ex
e  g
he

err
or of mo
oa
al S
a
e 
o a pee of pla
form. Vhe
appur
e a e of
he helf
o
he ou
re  fro
of whoe
oa
l e 
le  a fa
 a  
a be ueful
o o er
he geolog


c cc  c9 c 


of
ha
helf  orer
o f  ou
whe
her
he re
o
ake b

er
a o fgura
o al fea
ure houl  flue e elm
a
o .
2. . Vhe pr ple 
ha

he la  om a
e
he ea; 

o eque
l eear
o exam e loel
he geographal
o fgura
o of
he oa
l e of
he ou
re whoe o
 e
al
helve are
o be elm
e. S e
he la  
he legal oure of
he
power whh a S
a
e ma exere over
err
oral ex
e o 
o
eawar 
mu
fr
be learl e
ablhe wha
fea
ure o  fa

o 

u
e uh ex
e o .
3. &
ccc
. Vhe a
ural reoure of
he ubol of
he
ea 
hoe par
 whh o 
of o
 e
al helf are
he ver
obje
of
h legal regme. e

freque
l our
ha

he ame
epo
le o bo
h e of
he l e v g a o
 e
al helf
be
wee
wo S
a
e a   e 
 poble
o explo
uh a epo

from e
her e a problem mmea
el are o aou
of
he rk
of prejual or wa
eful explo
a
o b o e or o
her of
he S
a
e
o er e. ll
ha
 eee 
o refer
o
he u er
ak g e
ere

o b
he oa
al S
a
e of
ha
ea w
h a vew
o e ur g
he mo

effe
explo
a
o or
he appor
o me
of
he prou
 ex
ra
e.
4. ccc

 whh a elm
a
o
effe
e aor g
o equ
able pr ple ough

o br g abou

be
wee
he ex
e
of
he o
 e
al helf apper
a  g
o
he S
a
e
o er e a 
he le g
h of
her repe
ve oa
l e
hee be g
meaure aor g
o
her ge eral re
o  orer
o e
ablh

he eear bala e be
wee S
a
e w
h 
ragh
 a 
hoe w
h
markel o ave or o vex oa
 or
o reue ver rregular
oa
l e
o
her
ruer propor
o . Vhe hoe a  appla
o of

he appropra
e
eh al me
ho woul be a ma

er for
he par
e.

"!+%
2 ;1=3
Vh o er e
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf be
wee
Lba a  al
a. Vhe e
erra ea  borere b Vu a (ea
)
Y
al ( or
h) Greee (we
) a  Lba (ou
h). al
a  a group of
la  
ua
e 
he e
erra ea 
o
he ou
h of Y
al a 
o
he
or
h of Lba. Lba
 oa
 g fa
l larger
ha
ha
of al
a.
m1 !$0 Y   YY+  
 Y Y +
Y+
YY

Y Y 
YYY  Y

 Y  ++
 Y  YYY. +Y+ Vhe Co ve
o e
 a goal
o
be aheve bu
 le
a
o
he me
ho
o be followe
o aheve

. Y
re
r
 
elf
o e

 g a 
a ar a  
 lef

o S
a
e

hemelve or
o
he our

o e ow
h 
a ar w
h pef
o
e
.
Y+  mm/+Y
+
 Y +Y+
 
 Vhe
wo
 

u
o  - o
 e
al helf a  EEZ are l ke
oge
her 
moer law. S e
he rgh
 e joe b a S
a
e over 
 o
 e
al
helf woul alo be poee b 
over
he ea-be a  ubol of
a  EEZ whh 
mgh
prolam o e of
he releva
rum
a e
o
be o ere for
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf of a S
a
e

he legall permble ex
e
of
he EEZ apper
a  g
o
ha
ame
S
a
e. Vh oe o
mea
ha

he o ep
of
he o
 e
al helf
ha bee aborbe b
ha
of
he EEZ; 
oe however g f
ha

grea
er mpor
a e mu
be a

rbu
e
o eleme
 uh a 
a e
from
he Coa
 whh are ommo
o bo
h o ep
. l
hough
he
 

u
o  of
he o
 e
al helf a 
he EEZ are ffere
a 

 

he rgh
 whh
he EEZ e
al over
he ea-be of
he o e
are ef e b refere e
o
he regme la ow for
he o
 e
al
helf. l
hough
here a be a o
 e
al helf where
here  o
EEZ
here a o
be a EEZ w
hou
a orrepo  g o
 e
al
helf. Y
follow
ha

he 
a e r
ero mu
ow appl
o
he
o
 e
al helf a well a
o
he EEZ. Wha

h mea  
ha
where

he o
 e
al marg oe o
ex
e  a far a 200 mle from
he
hore a
ural prolo ga
o  whh  p
e of 
 phal org  ha

hroughou

 h
or beome more a  more a omplex a  jural

Page 2 of g *

o ep
   par
ef e b 
a e from
he hore rrepe
ve of

he phal a
ure of
he 
erve  g ea-be a  ubol. Vhe
o ep
 of a
ural prolo ga
o a  
a e are
herefore o

oppoe bu
ompleme
ar.
m. +YY
 Y+   +Vhe elm
a
o of a o
 e
al
helf bou ar mu
be effe
e b
he appla
o of equ
able
pr ple  all
he releva
rum
a e  orer
o aheve a
equ
able reul
.
0YY. +Y +Y
he pr ple
ha

here 
o be o
que
o of refaho  g geograph or ompe a
 g for
he
 equal
e of a
ure;
he rela
e pr ple of o -e roahme
b
o e par
 o
he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he o
her (
he oa
al S
a
e
e jo overeg rgh
 over
he o
 e
al helf off 
 oa

o
he
full ex
e
au
hore b 
er a
o al law 
he releva

rum
a e);
he pr ple of repe
ue
o all uh releva

rum
a e;
he pr ple
ha
al
hough all S
a
e are equal before

he law a  are e

le
o equal
rea
me
 "equ
 oe o

eearl mpl equal
" or oe 
eek
o make equal wha

a
ure ha mae u equal; a 
he pr ple
ha

here a be o
que
o of 
rbu
ve ju
e.
,  Y Y& Y Y Y1 la ma rela
ve
eo om po
o  of
he Par
e eur
 o era
o  a 
he
pr ple of equal
.
 + Y Y Wha

he Cour

e e wa
propor
o al
 wa
o be ue a a mea  of e
f g a 
he
orre
 g
he k  of 
or
o
ha
oul are from
he ue of a
me
ho  ap

o
ake aequa
e aou
of ome k  of oa
al
o fgura
o .
Y+   Y1
g. ake a provo al elm
a
o b u g a r
ero a  a me
ho
bo
h of whh are learl e
 e
o pla a mpor
a
role 
prou g
he f al reul
.
Vhe law applable
o lam rela
 g
o o
 e
al helve loa
e
le
ha 200 mle from
he oa
 of
he S
a
e o a r
ero of

a e from
he Coa
or o
he pr ple of ajae  a meaure
b 
a e. Vhu
he hoe of
he r
ero a 
he me
ho
o be
ue
o arrve a
a provo al reul
houl be mae  a ma er
o 
e
w
h
he o ep
 u erl g
he a

rbu
o of legal

le.
Y
h elm
a
o be
wee oppo
e oa

he
ra g of a mea
l e be
wee
hoe oa
 b wa of a provo al 
ep 
he mo

juou ma er of proee g w
h a vew
o
he eve
ual
aheveme
of a equ
able reul
. Vake o
e
ha

he mea l e
raw  o l provo al. Were
he Cour

o
rea

a f al 
woul
be o ferr g o
he equ
a e me
ho
he 
a
u of be g
he
o l me
ho
he ue of whh  ompulor 
he ae of oppo
e
oa
. U er ex
 g law 
mu
be emo 
ra
e
ha

he
equ
a e me
ho lea
o a equ
able reul

he ae 
que
o . Vo aheve
h purpoe
he reul

o whh
he 
a e
r
ero lea mu
be exam e 
he o
ex
of appl g equ
able
pr ple
o
he releva
rum
a e. lo remember
ha

o
aheve a equ
able reul
 a 
ua
o  whh
he equ
a e
l e  prma fae
he appropra
e me
ho all releva
rum
a e
mu
be exam e  e
he ma have a wegh

he aeme
of

he equ
e of
he ae whh 
woul be proper
o
ake 
o aou

a 
o refle
 a aju
me
of
he equ
a e l e.
2. Exam a
o of
he provo al olu
o  lgh
of
he requreme

erve from o
her r
era whh ma all for a orre
o of
he
 
al reul
.


c cc  c9 c 


Due
o
he grea
ffere e  le g
h of
he oa
 a 
he ge eral

geographal o
ex
(
he al
ee la  appear a a rela
vel mall
fea
ure  a em-e loe ea)  orer
o e ure
he aheveme

of a equ
able olu
o 
he elm
a
o l e mu
be aju
e o a

o le loer
o
he oa
 of al
a. W
h
he area w
h whh
he
Cour
 o er e
he oa
 of
he Par
e are oppo
e
o eah
o
her a 
he equ
a e l e be
wee
hem le broal we

o
ea
 o
ha

 aju
me
a be a
fa
orl a  mpl aheve
b
ra po g 
 a exa
l or
hwar re
o . Vh l e mee


he requreme
 of
he
e
of propor
o al
 a   equ
able
gve all releva
rum
a e.


:52 ;1=3

Vhe ae regar g
he mar e elm
a
o wa remove from
he l

of ae of
he YCJ beaue bo
h par
e mu
uall roppe
he ae.
Vher ma reao wa
ha
bo
h par
e agree o e
ablh g a

er a
o al age  for
he jo explo
a
o of
he mar
me o e 
que
o .

&


2 ;D13
Vhough
he Cour
wa prmarl foue o
he ue of jur
o 

h ae
he releva
ue  whe
her or o
er
a la  u er
Greek overeg
 are e

le
o a o
 e
al helf of
her ow a 
e

le Greee
o all for
he bou ar
o be raw be
wee
hoe
la  a 
he Vurkh Coa
.
!#  YCJ ha o jur
o  e Vurke  o
aep
uh
jur
o 
he ome Commu que.
V "Y &VY la   que
o are mere pro
ubera e of
he
Vurkh o
 e
al helf a  have o o
 e
al helf of
her ow .
(Cour
 o
ee o
h ue  e 
ha o jur
o bu
Y

h k Sr arr agree w
h Vurke

heor  e bae o
he map

o gra
o
 e
al helve woul e roah 
he
err
oral ea of
Vurke)
Vhe ue of whe
her
hee la  have
her ow o
 e
al helf
o er  ma

er of e

leme
(o
he la  eerve helve)
elm
a
o (wha

he area of
hee helve) a 
err
oral 
a
u
(wll 
e roah o e
ablhe a
o al bou are) c
$*!1Y
h ae
he pr ple 
he Spaa ae a 
Er
rea- eme rb
ra
o woul appl. Y our uo  Sr a
ha


he me
ho of half effe
oul be apple.


+"!
Lba a  Vu a reque
e
he YCJ
o e
erm e wha
pr ple a 
rule of 
er a
o al law ma be apple for
he elm
a
o of
he
area of
he o
 e
al helf apper
a  g
o Lba a 
o
ha
of
Vu a; ee aor g
o 0
c
$
 a 
he c
$
$ $ whh hara
ere
he area a well a
he ew
aep
e
re  
he Vhr Co fere e o
he Law of
he Sea; a 
larf
he pra
al me
ho for
he appla
o of
hee pr ple o

he a elm
w
hou
fful
.
VY2Y 
+
(Y

Y Vhe elm
a
o 
o be effe
e 

aora e w
h equ
able pr ple o er g all releva

rum
a e. Vhe area
o be elm
e o 

u
e a 
c
$
c a
he a
ural prolo ga
o of bo
h S
a
e o
pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o a o
be ue. Vhe area 
elm
e b
wo l e. Y ef  g
he a gula
o of
he  
al l e

he Cour

ook o
e of
he ex
e e of
he l e  cc$ b
eah Par
 v g
her pe
roleum o eo .  for
he eo 
l e
he $c
c
$
ccc$  a fa
whh mu
be

ake 
o aou
. ?o
e
ha

h ae
he la 
err
or of
he

Page 3 of g *

wo S
a
e  ajae
bu
beaue of
he ha ge  re
o of
he

oa
of Vu a 
eem oppo
e a
ome po
. Vhe  
al
elm
a
o l e  a
e b
he YCJ wll
herefore ex
e  from
he
ou
er lm
of
he
err
oral ea u
l 
 
ere
o w
h
he parallel
of la

ue of
he po
o
he oa
of
he Gulf of Gabe. Y
e
erm  g
he a gula
o of
he eo  lke
he ex
e e of
he
Kerke ah Yla  (Vu a) houl be o ere. Vhe Kerke ah
Yla   urrou e b le
 a  low-
e eleva
o . Some effe

mu
be a

rbu
e
o 
. Vhe Cour
ha
o
ake 
o aou
o
o l

he la  bu
alo
he low-
e eleva
o  whh whle
he o o

a o la  have a  o
 e
al helf of
her ow  o e jo ome
reog 
o  
er a
o al law for er
a purpoe. owever f
he
YCJ le

he l e ru parallel
o
he la  oa
l e
ha
woul be
gv g
he la 
oo muh wegh
. e e half-effe
mu
be ue.
Vhe
eh que  volve raw g c


c
 o e gv g
o

he la 
he c$ a

rbu
e
o 
b
he elm
a
o me
ho 
ue a 
he o
her 

cc
c a
hough 
 o

ex
. Vhe elm
a
o l e a
uall aop
e 
he raw be
wee

he fr

wo l e e
her  uh a wa a
o ve equall
he area
be
wee
hem or a be
or of
he a gle whh
he make w
h eah
o
her or pobl b
rea
 g
he la  a plae
owar
he
ma la  b half 
 a
ual 
a e
herefrom.

&:&"


2 ;D;3
Vh  volve
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helve of Fra e
a  UK 
he ?or
h Sea. Y
h ae
he Cour
o ere
he effe

of er
a geologal fea
ure
o
he elm
a
o .
VYm. Y(0Y+  YY +U er r
le 6
he
equ
a e pr ple ul
ma
el poee a oblga
or fore whh

oe o
have 
he ame meaure u er
he rule of u
omar
law. Bu

he equ
a e-peal rum
a e rule mea 
ha

he
oblga
o
o appl
he equ
a e pr ple  alwa o e qualfe
b
he o 
o "u le a o
her bou ar l e  ju
fe b peal
rum
a e". Vhe role of
he "$
c$
$ $" o 
o 

o e ure a equ
able elm
a
o a 
he omb e "equ
a epeal rum
a e rule"  effe
 gve par
ular expreo
o a
ge eral orm
ha
 fal g agreeme

he bou ar be
wee S
a
e
abu

 g o
he ame o
 e
al helf 
o be e
erm e o
equ
able pr ple. Co eque
l
he que
o whe
her
he ue of

he equ
a e pr ple or ome o
her me
ho  appropra
e for
ahev g a equ
able elm
a
o  ver muh a ma

er of
apprea
o 
he lgh
of
he geographal a  o
her rum
a e.
$ Y  Y Vhroughou

he E glh Cha el where
he oa
 of
Fra e &
he UK are oppo
e eah o
her
he bou ar houl 
pr ple be
he mea l e equ
a
from
he repe
ve oa
.
Vhe rela
o hp of "oppo
e" or "ajae
" S
a
e  o
h g bu
a
refle
o of
he geographal fa
. Vhe 
 
o raw be
wee

he
wo geographal 
ua
o   o e erve o
from a  legal

heor bu
from
he ver ub
a e of
he ffere e be
wee
he

wo 
ua
o . Wherea  "oppo
e" S
a
e a mea l e wll
ormall effe
a broal equ
able elm
a
o  a la
eral
equ
a e l e ex
e  g ou
war from
he oa
 of ajae

S
a
e for lo g 
a e ma reul
 a  equ
able elm
a
o b
reao of
he 
or
 g effe
of  vual geographal fea
ure. Y


he omb e effe
of
he e-b-e rela
o hp of
he
wo S
a
e
a 
he prolo ga
o of
he la
eral bou ar for grea

a e
o
eawar whh ma be prou
ve of  equ
 a  
he ee e of

he 
 
o be
wee "ajae
" a  "oppo
e" oa
 
ua
o .
,   Y
he legal frame
o be ue 
ha
of elm
a
o be
wee
oppo
e S
a
e. Vhe fr

ep houl be
o e
erm e
he oure of

he mea l e w
h
he Cha el. Vake o
e
ha

he ur Deepur Deep Faul
Zo e a geographal fea
ure wa

o ere b


c cc  c9 c 


he Cour
gve
he ee
al geologal o
 u
 of
he area (
he
ur Deep were ju
o
 u
e 
he eabe a  ubol whh


rup

he ee
al u 
 of
he o
 e
al helf).
,Y  Y
 YY+Y Y Y+Vhe Cha el Yla 
( o
o 

u
o all par
of
he UK bu
re
epe e e of
he
Br
h Crow whh were
rea
e a par
of
he UK  e
he UK wa

he repo ble au
hor
 w
h regar
o
he o
 e
al helf) are

ua
e o
he Fre h e a  w
h
he arm of a gulf o
he
Fre h oa
. Vhe pree e of
hee la  
ha
par
ular 
ua
o

urb
he bala e or
he geographal rum
a e whh woul
o
herwe ex
be
wee
he Par
e 
h rego a a reul
of
he
broa equal
 of
he oa
l e of
her ma la . Vhe legal
framework 
ha
of
wo oppo
e S
a
e o e or whh poee
la 
err
ore loe
o
he oa
of
he o
her S
a
e.
,   Y Y avga
o al efe e a  eur
 
ere
 

he rego .
+Y
  + +
  + YVhe que
o  wha

area of o
 e
al helf are
o be o ere a legall
he a
ural
prolo ga
o of
he Cha el Yla  ra
her
ha of Fra e. Y

er a
o al law
he o ep
of
he o
 e
al helf  a jural
o ep
whh o o
e
he a
ural prolo ga
o u er
he ea o

of a o
 e
or geographal la  ma bu
of
he la 
err
or of
eah S
a
e. Vh mea 
ha

he ope a 
he o 
o  for 

appla
o are o
e
erm e exluvel b
he phal fa
 of
geograph bu
alo b legal rule. oreover 
 lear (gve
he
peal rum
a e provo & empha o equ
able pr ple)

ha

he fore of
he ar al pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of

err
or  o
abolu
e bu
ma be ubje

o qualfa
o . Vhe
pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of
err
or a o
be a
o requre

ha

he o
 e
al helf
o
he or
h a  or
hwe
of
he Cha el
Yla  houl be o ere a au
oma
all a  eearl
appur
e a

o
hem ra
her
ha
o Fra e. e
 f
he fore of
he
pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of
err
or were abolu
e a mall
la  woul blok
he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of
he
earb ma la  
he ame wa f o
alwa
o
he ame ex
e

a a larger la . Vhe que
o of
he appur
e a e
o
he Cha el
Yla  of
he area of o
 e
al helf ex
e  g
o
her or
h a 
or
h-we
 o

herefore reolve merel b referr g
o
he
pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o . Vhe pr ple of a
ural
prolo ga
o of
err
or  e
her
o be e
ae or
rea
e a
abolu
e  a ae where la  belo g g
o o e S
a
e are 
ua
e
o o
 e
al helf whh woul o
herwe o 

u
e a a
ural
prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of a o
her S
a
e. Vhe appla
o of
ha

pr ple  uh a ae ha
o be apprea
e 
he lgh
of all
he
releva
geographal a  o
her rum
a e a well a o a 
releva
o era
o  of law a  equ
.
+Y
Y.  U er u
omar law
he me
ho aop
e for
elm
 g
he bou ar mu
e ure
ha

he elm
a
o aor
w
h equ
able pr ple. Vhe que
o  whe
her
he Cha el Yla 
houl be gve
he full be ef
or
he appla
o of
he pr ple of
a
ural prolo ga
o 
he area
o
her or
h a  or
hwe
or
whe
her
her 
ua
o loe
o
he ma la  of Fra e requre o
equ
able grou  ome mofa
o of
he appla
o of
he
pr ple 
hoe area. Vhe o
r e of
he equal
 of S
a
e a o

be o ere a o 

u
 g uh a equ
able grou  (a
h woul
have
he effe
of refaho  g geograph).  grou  of equ
 
o
be looke for 
he par
ular rum
a e of
he ae a  
he
par
ular equal
 of
he
wo S
a
e 
her geographal rela
o
o

he o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el.
Chara
er
 of
he area approxma
e equal
 of
he ma la 
oa
l e reul
 g  equal
 of
her geographal rela
o
o
he

Page J of g *

o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el f
he Cha el Yla  are lef
ou
of
aou
. Yf
he Cha el Yla  are gve full effe

h wll reul

a ub
a
al m u
o of
he area of o
 e
al helf whh woul
arue
o Fra e. Vh fa
appear
o be prma fae a rum
a e
rea
ve of  equ
 a  all g for a me
ho of elm
a
o
ha

ome meaure reree
he  equ
. Yf
h o luo 
e
e b
appl g
he equ
a e-peal rum
a e rule
he pree e of

he Cha el Yla  mu
be o ere prma fae a a "peal
rum
a e" ju
f g a elm
a
o o
her
ha
he mea l e.
VY (
++   Y
  Y++1 Fr

o
ma
a
he appropra
e bala e be
wee
he
wo S
a
e  rela
o

o
he o
 e
al helf a rpara S
a
e of
he Cha el w
h
approxma
el equal oa
l e
he prmar bou ar be
wee
hem
hall be a mea l e. Y elm
 g 
 oure 
he Cha el Yla 
rego
he Cha el Yla 
hemelve are
o be regare  e

her o
 e
al helf mu
be
he ubje
of a eo  a  epara
e
elm
a
o .
0Y Y
o elm
a eo  bou ar e
ablh g v--v
he
Cha el Yla 
he ou
her lm
of
he o
 e
al helf hel b

he Cour

o be appur
e a

o
he Fre h epubl 
h rego
o

he ou
h of
he m-Cha el mea l e.
,Y  YY YVhe ee
al o
 u
 or
he o
 e
al helf
of
he E glh Cha el a 
la
 rego ha bee emphae. Y

alo ommo grou 
ha
 geologall
he lgh
ou
hwe
erl
re 
of
he o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el ex
e  we
war 
o
he

la
 rego alo g
he l e of
he ur Deep Faul
Zo e. Vhe
o
 e
al helf of
he
la
 rego  o
o f e w
h
he arm
of a ompara
vel arrow ha el bu
o e ex
e  g eawar fro


he oa
 of
he
wo ou
re 
o
he ope pae of
he
la

Oea . Y o eque e
he area of o
 e
al helf
o be elm
e
le off ra
her
ha be
wee 
he oa
 or
he
wo ou
re.
fur
her o eque e 
ha

he o
 e
al helf ex
e 
o eawar
of
he oa
 of
he
wo ou
re for grea

a e. Vhe a
ual
oa
l e of
he
wo ou
re abu

 g o
he o
 e
al helf
o be
elm
e are ompara
vel hor
 a 
ha

her geographal
rela
o
o eah o
her v--v
he o
 e
al helf
o be elm
e 
o e of la
eral ra
her
ha oppo
e oa
. o
her 
ha

he UK

oa
al fro
age proje
fur
her 
o
he
la

ha
ha
of Fra e.
Vh ha
he
e e 
o make
he UK oa
ob
rue upo
he
o
 e
al helf 
ua
e
o eawar of
he more we
erl fa g
oa
of
he Fre h epubl 
ha
rego . o
her  Fra e a 
he
UK are


he o l S
a
e whh abu
o
he
la
 o
 e
al helf.
Y
+
Y "YU er r
. 6 
he abe e of agreeme
a 
u le a o
her bou ar  ju
fe b peal rum
a e
he
bou ar 
o be
he l e whh  equ
a
from
he eare

po
 of
he bael e from whh
he brea
h of
he
err
oral ea of
eah S
a
e  meaure. Vhere  o
h g 
he la guage of r
. 6
o
mpl
ha
 
ua
o  fal g u er paragraph g
he vr
ue of
he
equ
a e pr ple a a me
ho of effe
 g a equ
able
elm
a
o are  a  wa uperor
o
hoe whh 
poee 

ua
o  fall g u er paragraph 2. Vhe appropra
e e of
he
equ
a e or a  o
her me
ho for
he purpoe of effe
 g a
equ
able elm
a
o  a  gve ae  alwa a fu 
o or
refle
o of
he geographal a  o
her releva
rum
a e of
he
par
ular ae. Y hor

he equ
able hara
er of
he elm
a
o
reul
 o
from
he legal eg a
o of
he 
ua
o a o e of
"oppo
e" S
a
e bu
from 
 a
ual geographal hara
er a uh.
Smlarl 
he ae of "ajae
" S
a
e 

he la
eral geographal
rela
o of
he
wo oa
 whe omb e w
h a large ex
e o of

he o
 e
al helf eawar from
hoe oa
 whh make
 vual geographal fea
ure o e
her oa
more pro e
o re er


c cc  c9 c 


he geome
ral effe
 of appl g
he equ
a e pr ple

 equ
able
ha 
he ae of "oppo
e" S
a
e. Vhe grea
er rk 

hee ae
ha

he equ
a e me
ho ma proue a
 equ
able elm
a
o
hu alo reul
 o
from
he legal
eg a
o of
he 
ua
o a o e of "ajae
" S
a
e bu
from 

a
ual geographal hara
er a o e  volv g la
erall rela
e oa
.
Y
h ae ue
o
he epara
o of
he 2 oa
 b a we expa e
of ea
he area (
la
 rego )  o ere a a ae of oppo
e
S
a
e.
%Y+  Y1
he prolo ga
o of
he Sll Yle (UK) ome

a e fur
her we
war
ha
he Uha
la  (Fra e) whh
ju
fe a bou ar o
her
ha
he 
r
mea l e. owever
h
oe

au
hore
he ue of a  me
ho  orer
o effe
a
equ
able elm
a
o .
2
YY. YY  Y a large propor
o of elm
a
o 
where a par
ular geographal fea
ure ha  flue e
he oure of
a o
 e
al helf bou ar
he me
ho of elm
a
o aop
e ha
bee ome mofa
o or vara
of
he equ
a e pr ple
ra
her
ha 

o
al reje
o . ere
he problem alo are preel
from
he 
or
 g effe
of a geographal fea
ure  rum
a e
 whh
he l e equ
a
from
he oa
 of
he
wo S
a
e woul
o
herwe o 

u
e
he appropra
e bou ar. Vhe appropra
e
me
ho 
o
ake aou
of
he Sll Yle a par
of
he oa
l e of

he UK bu

o gve
hem le
ha
her full effe
 appl g
he
equ
a e me
ho. Ju
a 
 o

he fu 
o of equ
 
he
elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf omple
el
o refaho
geograph o 
 alo o

he fu 
o of equ

o rea
e a 
ua
o
of omple
e equ
 where a
ure a  geograph have e
ablhe a
 equ
.
+
(Y

Y + Y o e  
a e
he me
ho emploe wa
o gve half

 
ea of full effe

o
he offhore la   elm
 g
he
equ
a e l e. Vh me
ho o 
  elm
 g
he l e
equ
a
be
wee
he
wo oa
 fr
 w
hou

he ue of
he
offhore la  a a bae-po
 a  eo l w
h 
 ue a a baepo
; a bou ar gv g half-effe

o
he la  
he
he l e
raw mwa be
wee
hoe
wo equ
a e l e. Vh me
ho
appear
o be a appropra
e a  pra
al me
ho of aba
 g
he
propor
o a   equ
 whh o
herwe reul
 from gv g full
effe

o
he Sll Yle a a baepo
for e
erm  g
he oure of

he bou ar.
90 1 YY 
+
Y

Y + YY
  
 Y+Y& 
Y  Y
 Y+Y




(

2 ;003
De mark ue ?orwa for oup g er
a
err
ore  Ea
er
Gree la . Bo
h ou
re are lam g
ha

he have
he uperor
lam over
h area.
 Y
;0Y Y
 % ++ mY Y<Vwo eleme
 eah of
whh mu
be how
o ex

a.
he 
e
o a  wll
o a
a overeg
b. ome a
ual exere or pla of uh au
hor

Example Vax olle
o  mo opol a
v
 gra
 law mak g
a  e foreme

u
hor
 reog 
o  o ve
o 
rea
e publ u
l
e
o eo 
hu
 g fh g expe
o  mar
me perm
 au
hor

lgh
houe
)$!; YY+<Y YY 
 Y  YY 
+Y Ym  YY    Y Ym   Y 

Page
of g *

h

"5=Y6 exam a
o of
he map of
he g7 a  g8
h

e
ure how
ha

he ge eral fea
ure a  o fgura
o of
he
Ea
oa
of Gree la  were k ow
o
he ar
ographer. Eve f o
eve e of a  la  g o
he oa
have bee proue
he hp
whh hu
e whale 
he wa
er
o
he Ea
of Gree la  gh
e

he la  a

erval a  gave ame
o
he prom e
fea
ure whh
were oberve. Y ee "Gree la " a a geographal
erm wa eve
more ue  o e
o w
h
he Ea
oa

ha w
h
he We

oa
 a
he
erm "S
raa
Dav" wa of
e ue
o erbe
he We

oa
 or olo e area of Gree la .
/c >"c"=&.Y4"c"- -#YcB- "c
c
Before
he aep
a e of
he o
r e o
he exluve eo om
o e all wa
er beo 
he o
guou o e were o ere hgh
ea over whh o 
a
e ha o
rol. Vhe o
r e evelope ue
o

he ere of oa
al 
a
e for be

er o erva
o a  ma ageme

of oa
al fhere.
Vhe EEZ  a area ex
e  g o
more
ha 200 au
al mle
beo 
he bael e. Vhe oa
al 
a
e ha rgh
 over
he eo om
reoure of
he ea eabe a  ubol bu

h rgh
oe o

affe

he rgh
of avga
o a  overflgh
of o
her 
a
e. Coa
al

a
e alo have
he rgh

o regula
e au
hore a  o u
mar e
e
f reearh 
he EEZ.
Vhe provo  o
he EEZ are bo
h a gra
of rgh

o a  a
mpo
o of oblga
o  o oa
al 
a
e rela
ve
o
he explo
a
o 
ma ageme
 a  preerva
o of
he reoure fou  w
h
he
o e. Coa
al 
a
e have 2 prmar oblga
o . Fr

he mu

e ure
hrough proper o erva
o a  ma ageme
meaure
ha


he lv g reoure of
he EEZ are o
ubje

o over-explo
a
o .
Vh  lue
he u

o ma
a a  re
ore popula
o  of
harve
e fhere a
level whh proue a maxmum u
a able
el. Seo 
he mu
promo
e
he obje
ve of op
mum
u
la
o  of
he lv g reoure. Vhe mu
e
erm e
he
allowable a
h of lv g reoure a  f
he o

have
he apa


o harve

he allowable a
h
he mu
gra
ae
o o
her 
a
e.
ghl mgra
or pee of fh a  mar e mammal are aore
peal pro
e
o .
Vhe elm
a
o of overlapp g EEZ be
wee ajae

a
e 
e
erm e b agreeme
. 
ake o
e
ha
la  have
her ow
EEZ.

 +2 ;;>3H
!I
Vh  a pu
e rela
 g
o Ca aa
 ame me
of
he Ca aa
 +,Y Y  Y %  b vr
ue of whh Ca aa purue
boare a  ee a fh g veel
he E
a; fl g
he Spa h flag)
o
he hgh ea  orer
o pu
a 
op
o
he overfh g of Gree la 
halbu
b Spa h fherme .
rgume

Europea Commu 

 po
o -
he arre
of a veel 

er a
o al wa
er b a S
a
e o
her
ha
he S
a
e of whh
he
veel  fl g
he flag a  u er whoe jur
o 
fall  a
llegal a
u er bo
h
he ?FO Co ve
o a  u
omar

er a
o al law a  a o
be ju
fe b a  mea .
Ca aa
 Po
o - pu
e o er 
he aop
o of meaure for

he o erva
o a  ma ageme
of fhere 
ok w
h repe

o
veel fh g 
he ?FO egula
or rea a 
her e foreme

Spa
 Po
o - Spa argue
ha

he
erm o erva
o a 
ma ageme
meaure" mu
be 
erpre
e  aora e w
h

er a
o al law o 
mu
exlue a  u la
eral meaure b a


c cc  c9 c 


S
a
e whh averel affe
e
he rgh
 of o
her S
a
e ou
e
ha

S
a
e' ow area of jur
o .
Do
r e
Y 
er a
o al law o l 2
pe of meaure
ake b a oa
al
S
a
e oul  pra
e be regare a "o erva
o a 
ma ageme
meaure"
g]
hoe rela
 g
o
he S
a
e' exluve eo om o e; a 
2]
hoe rela
 g
o area ou
e
ha
o e  o far a
hee
ame w
h
he framework of a 
er a
o al agreeme
or were
re
e a

a
ele veel.
eaure o
a
f g
hee o 
o  were o
o erva
o a 
ma ageme
meaure bu
u lawful a
 pure a  mple.
$*!1u


ubm
veel gul
 of llegal fh g
o

$$
 bu
mu
 c
hem upo
he po
 g of a
ah bo .

%-'2+A32 ;;;3
Vhe Saga  a Cpro
ol
a ker
ha
wa arre
e a  boare b
Gu ea au
hor
e whe 
wa al g ou
h of
he ou
her lm
of

he exluve eo om o e of Gu ea. Vhe appla
 are
halle g g
he val
 of
he arre
a  wa
amage. Gu ea 
 
 g
ha

he ha jur
o
o arre
a   voke ho
puru
.
0
&! + 5 !$0m! !m!>Vm0V r
le 9g
paragraph g of
he Co ve
o prove "Vhere mu
ex
a ge u e
l k be
wee
he S
a
e a 
he hp." Vwo que
o  ee
o be
aree 
h o e
o .
(a) Vhe fr
 whe
her
he abe e of a ge u e l k be
wee a
flag S
a
e a  a
hp e

le a o
her S
a
e
o refue
o reog e
he a
o al

of
he hp.
(b) Vhe eo  que
o  whe
her or o
a ge u e l k ex
e
be
wee
he
Saga a  Sa
M e
a 
he Gre a e a

he
me of
he
 e
.
mm/5Y++ +   +  Y
   
+
+ ++    Y +Y?
 
Vhe
Vrbu al o
e
ha
 u er
he Co ve
o  a oa
al S
a
e  e

le

o appl u
om law a  regula
o   

err
oral ea (ar
le 2
a  2g). Y
he o
guou o e a oa
al S
a
e ma exere
he
o
rol eear
o
(a) preve
 fr geme
of 
 u
om fal mmgra
o or
a 
ar law a  regula
o  w
h 

err
or or
err
oral ea;
(b) pu h  fr geme
of
he above law a  regula
o 
omm

e w
h 

err
or of
err
oral ea.
owever 
he exluve eo om o e
he oa
al S
a
e ha
jur
o
o appl u
om law a  regula
o   repe
of
ar
fal la   
alla
o  a  
ru
ure (ar
le 60 paragraph 2).
Vhe Co ve
o oe o
empower a oa
al S
a
e
o appl 

u
om law  repe
of a  o
her par
 of
he exluve eo om
o e o
me
o e above.
mY 50  Y
!YY %V@ (;$Vm m0$,
!Vm!%V$!%%)< Y2 CO?DYVYO?S FO SVVE OF
?ECESSYV VO PPL ?OV EV.  e
ou
 ar
le 33 paragraph g
of
he Y
er a
o al Law Commo ' Draf
r
le o S
a
e
epo bl
 are
(a)
he a
wa
he o l mea  of afeguar g a ee
al

ere
of
he
S
a
e aga 
a grave a  mm e
perl; a 
(b)
he a
 o
eroul mpar a ee
al 
ere
of
he
S
a
e
owar whh
he oblga
o ex
e.

Page + of g *

Y e or g
hee o 
o 
he Cour

a
e
ha

he "mu
be

umula
vel a
fe" a 
ha

he "refle
u
omar 
er a
o al
law".
    5Y
YYYY% +Y444 !$0 ll
he
requreme
 mu
be umula
vel omple w
h. Gu ea  o

ompl w
h everal. ?o vual or au
or g al
o 
op oul have
bee gve
o
he Saga. a 
he allege puru
wa 
errup
e
whe
he pa
rol boa
 were realle before
he reume
he hae.

2ACCC3
Vhe Camouo  a fh g veel fl g
he flag of Pa ama. Y
 ow er 
"ere-Pea (S..)" a ompa  reg
ere  Pa ama. Y
wa
boare b
he Fre h urvella e frga
e ,+ A+ 
he exluve
eo om o e of
he Croe
Yla . Vhe Fre h refue
o releae
he
veel a 
he a
er u
l a bo   po
e (exhau
loal remee)
+ YYYYY YY Y Y  
+Y+ 
r
le 292 prove for a  epe e
reme a  o
a appeal
aga 
a eo of a a
o al our
. ?o lm
a
o houl be rea

o ar
le 292
ha
woul have
he effe
of efea
 g 
 ver obje

a  purpoe. Y ee ar
le 292 perm

he mak g of a appla
o
w
h a hor
pero from
he a
e of e
e
o a  
 o
ormall

he ae
ha
loal remee oul
2+   Y Y++Y   ++Y  
Y 

 Y Y  Y+Yr
le 292
of
he Co ve
o  eg e
o free a hp a  
 rew from
prolo ge e
e
o o aou
of
he mpo
o of u reao able
bo   mu pal jur
o  or
he falure of loal law
o prove
for releae o po
 g of a reao able bo   fl
 g
hereb
avoable lo o a hp ow er or o
her pero  affe
e b uh
e
e
o . Equall 
afeguar
he 
ere
 of
he oa
al S
a
e b
prov g for releae o l upo
he po
 g of a reao able bo  or
o
her f a al eur
 e
erm e b a our
or
rbu al referre
o
 ar
le 292 w
hou
prejue
o
he mer
 of
he ae 
he
ome
 forum aga 

he veel 
 ow er or 
 rew.
Y+YY
7% Vhe ba 
he value of
he
e
a e veel a  of
he argo ee
he amou
of
he bo 
mpoe b
he e
a  g S
a
e a  
 form bu

he value of
he
veel alo e ma o
be
he o
roll g fa
or 
he e
erm a
o of

he amou
of
he bo  or o
her f a al eur
 f
here  o
eve e
o uppor

he aeme
.
/c %"Y#Y ' Y- c-c#'Y Y#"c
-& %'Y".cc
c
egar g
he elm
a
o of
he
err
oral ea be
wee S
a
e w
h
oppo
e or ajae
oa
 e
her of
hem  e

le
o ex
e  


err
oral ea beo 
he mea l e ever po
of whh 
equ
a
from
he eare
po
 o
he bael e of eah of
hem
u le
he agree
o o o or f h
or

le or o
her peal
rum
a e make 
eear
o elm

he
err
oral ea 
o
her wa.
Vhe elm
a
o of
he EEZ a  o
 e
al helf be
wee S
a
e w
h
oppo
e or ajae
oa
 mu
be o e b agreeme
o
he ba
of 
er a
o al law (ex. equ
able pr ple whh have a orma
ve
hara
er a par
of ge eral 
er a
o al law). Pe  g
h
he ma
make provo al arra geme
 of a pra
al a
ure a 
he mu

o
jeopare or hamper
he reah g of a f al agreeme
. Yf o
agreeme
a be reahe w
h a reao able pero of
me
he
par
e hall reor

o peaeful mea  of pu
e e

leme
.


c cc  c9 c 


Y
he ! 0Y Y +0Y+

Y 
wa hel
ha

he
equ
a e me
ho  o
repree
ge eral 
er a
o al law.
S e
he  er
a equ
able pr ple have bee reog e a
guel e for elm
a
o
g. Delm
a
o hall be effe
e b agreeme
o
he ba of

er a
o al law.
2. Vhe pr ple of o -e roahme
b o e par
 o
he a
ural
prolo ga
o of
he o
her.
3. Preve
o a  u
off of
he ea war proje
o of
he 
a
e
o er e.
4. Delm
a
o 
o be effe
e b appl g equ
able r
era a  b
u g pra
al me
ho apable of e ur g w
h regar
o
he
geographal o fgura
o of
he area a  o
her releva

rum
a e a equ
able reul
.
5. Vhere  a preump
o
ha

he equ
able olu
o  a equal
vo of
he overlapp g area of
he o
 e
al helve of
he
pu
 g 
a
e.
Vhe appla
o of equ
able pr ple make refere e
o releva

rum
a e uh a
g. Ge eral o fgura
o of
he oa
 of
he par
e
2. Where
here  a geographal 
ua
o of qua-equal
 be
wee
a umber of 
a
e 
 eear
o aba
e effe
 of a Y +
Y+
Y  Y whh mgh
reul
 u ju
fe ffere

rea
me
. (

o avo
he effe
 of a o ave oa

he loa
o of la  of o e

a
e ear
he o
her a 
he ee
r alg me
of mall la 
l g off a pe  ula).
3. Vhe geologal 
ru
ure of
he ea-be a  
 geomorpholog (or
urfae fea
ure)
4. Vhe par
 of oa
al le g
h 
he releva
area.
5. Vhe ge eral geographal framework or o
ex
.
6. Vhe o u
of
he par
e uh a
he e fa
o l e proue b

he pa

er of gra
 of pe
roleum o eo  
he pu
e area.
7. Vhe  e e of a
ural reoure (ol a  a
ural ga) 
he
pu
e area.
8. Vhe pr ple of equ
able ae
o
he a
ural reoure of
he
pu
e area.
9. Defe e a  eur
 
ere
 of
he pu
 g 
a
e.
g0. Vher avga
o al 
ere
.
gg. Co 
e  w
h
he ge eral re
o of
he la  bou ar.
c
Y
he  2+  a  +

2Yae
he elm
a
o wa
o e 
wo 
ep. Fr
 a provo al elm
a
o l e wa prove.
?ex

he provo al olu
o wa exam e
ak g aou
of peal
rum
a e. Yf eear
he  
al reul
 were orre
e.
Y
he +

2Yae
he YCJ 
a
e
ha

here are o rule 
ge eral u
omar 
er a
o al law pefall prerb g
he
appla
o of a  par
ular equ
able r
era or
he ue of par
ular
pra
al me
ho  elm
a
o . Y 
ea u
omar 
er a
o al
law merel o
a  a ge eral requreme
of
he ue of equ
able
r
era a  pra
al me
ho apable of mpleme
 g
hem. Y

peal 
er a
o al law
ha
mu
be looke 
o
o ee whe
her

ha
law  lue ome rule pefall requr g
he Par
e a 
he
YCJ arb
ral
rbu al
o appl er
a r
era or pef pra
al
me
ho
o
he elm
a
o (ex. g958 Ge eva Co ve
o o
he
Co
 e
al Shelf).
r
. 6 of
he Co
 e
al Shelf Co ve
o prove for a  gle

eh que for o
 e
al helf elm
a
o (a mea for mar
me
area be
wee oppo
e oa
 a  a la
eral equ
a e l e for
oa
 of ajae
S
a
e). Vh me
ho   pre b a  erve
from
h equ
able r
ero
ha

he equ
able olu
o  a
lea

prma fae  a equal vo of
he area of overlap of
he
o
 e
al helve of
he
wo S
a
e. owever
he applabl
 of

Page * of g *

h me
ho  ubje

o
he o 
o
ha

here are o peal

rum
a e 
he ae whh woul make
ha
r
ero
 equ
able (.e. u reao able vo ). Vh ar
le 
a
e
g. Where
he ame o
 e
al helf  ajae

o
he
err
ore of

wo or more S
a
e whoe oa
 are oppo
e eah o
her
he
bou ar of
he o
 e
al helf apper
a  g
o uh S
a
e hall be
e
erm e b agreeme
be
wee
hem. Y
he abe e of
agreeme
 a  u le a o
her bou ar l e  ju
fe b peal
rum
a e
he bou ar 
he mea l e ever po
of whh
 equ
a
from
he eare
po
 of
he bael e from whh
he
brea
h of
he
err
oral ea of eah S
a
e  meaure.
2. Where
he ame o
 e
al helf  ajae

o
he
err
ore
wo
ajae
S
a
e
he bou ar of
he o
 e
al helf hall be
e
erm e b agreeme
be
wee
hem. Y
he abe e of
agreeme
 a  u le a o
her bou ar l e  ju
fe b peal
rum
a e
he bou ar hall be e
erm e b appla
o of

he pr ple of equ
a e from
he eare
po
of
he bael e
from whh
he brea
h of
he
err
oral ea of eah S
a
e 
meaure.






%

5!

%&2 ;;<3
Y
h ae Ca aa &
he US ake
he Cour

o elm
bo
h
he
o
 e
al helf a 
he exluve fh g o e 
he Gulf of a e
area u g o l a  gle bou ar. Vhe Gulf of a e area  a broa
oea   e
a
o  whh  hape lke a re
a gle borere o
he
3 e b la  a  o
he four
h b
he
la
 Oea .
4Y Y Y Y  
 
 Y+Y Y
h ae
he 
ar
 g
po
wa hoe b
he Par
e (po
). Whle
he Cour
ma ue
a o
her 
ar
 g po
 
wo

for 
he elm
a
o of a mar
me
bou ar bo
h o ve
o al a  u
omar 
er a
o al law gve
pror

o
he r
ero
ha
elm
a
o mu
be ough

hrough
agreeme
be
wee
he Par
e.
0Y
  Geologal fa
or are  g fa
 gve
he
ee
all o
 uou geologal 
ru
ure of
he 
ra
a u erl g

he whole of
he o
 e
al helf. Vhere  u 
 a  u form
 

he whole ea-be a
he o
 e
al helf of
he area  ju
a
u ffere
a
e par
of
he o
 e
al helf of
he mera ea
er
eaboar;
hu geomorphologal fa
or are  g fa
. Vhe ame
goe for
he wa
er olum . Y


poble
o er a  ge u e
ure a  
able a
ural bou are  o flu
ua
 g a e vro me

uh a
he wa
er of
he oea . Y
woul be fu
le
o eek a 
eleme
whh oul be a 
able a
ural bou ar. Vhu
he grea

ma of wa
er 
he elm
a
o area ju
lke
he ea-be alo
poee
ha
hara
er of u 
 a  u form
 whh make 

mpoble
o er a  a
ural bou ar apable of erv g a a
ba for arr g ou
a elm
a
o .
VY++Y +Y +Y
 Y  ++)  Y
Y +YY ++Y3

+YY % ?c  elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf
effe
e u la
erall b o e S
a
e regarle of
he vew of
he
o
her  o er e   
er a
o al law o
oppoable
o
hoe
S
a
e. S
a
e have a u

o ego
a
e w
h a vew
o reah g a
agreeme
a 
o o o  goo fa
h w
h a ge u e 
e
o
o
aheve a po
ve reul
.  elm
a
o mu
be effe
e b
agreeme
be
wee
he S
a
e o er e e
her b
he o luo of
a re
agreeme
or b ome al
er a
ve me
ho whh mu
be
bae o o e
.  a  agreeme
or o
her equvale
olu
o
houl  volve
he appla
o of equ
able r
era -
hoe erve
from equ
 whh are o

hemelve pr ple a  rule of

er a
o al law.


c cc  c9 c 


,Y + Y+  1
he bou ar be e
erm e

aor g
o
he applable law  o form
 w
h equ
able
pr ple hav g regar
o all releva
rum
a e  orer
o
aheve a equ
able reul
. more omple
e pree reformula
o
of
he fu ame
al orm prerbe b ge eral 
er a
o al law for
all mar
me elm
a
o  be
wee eghbour 
a
e
(g) ?o mar
me elm
a
o be
wee S
a
e w
h oppo
e or
ajae
oa
 ma be effe
e u la
erall b o e of
hoe S
a
e.
Suh elm
a
o mu
be ough
a  effe
e b mea  of a
agreeme
 follow g ego
a
o  o u
e  goo fa
h a  w
h

he ge u e 
e
o of ahev g a po
ve reul
. Where however
uh agreeme
a o
be aheve elm
a
o houl be effe
e
b reoure
o a
hr par
 poe g
he eear ompe
e e.
(2) Y e
her ae elm
a
o 
o be effe
e b
he appla
o of
equ
able r
era a  b
he ue of pra
al me
ho apable of
e ur g w
h regar
o
he geograph o fgura
o of
he area a 
o
her releva
rum
a e a equ
able reul
.
 Y +0Y+
Y ++Y+Yf
he goal  o l a
elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf
he
he ma a
or appla
o
of r
. 6  u pu
e. owever
he goal of
h proee g 
o
raw a  gle elm
a
o l e for bo
h
he o
 e
al helf a 
he
uperjae
fher o e. Y
 oub
ful whe
her a
rea
 oblga
o
whh  
erm o f e
o
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf
a be ex
e e
o a fel whh  eve
l grea
er a 
fu ame
all ffere
. Vo o o woul make
he mar
me wa
er
ma over
he helf a mere aeor of
he la

er a 
h 
u aep
able.
m. +Y  Y Vhere ha bee o 
ema
 ef 
o of
he
equ
able r
era for ue  
er a
o al mar
me elm
a
o .
Example of r
era ue (la formula)
ha

he la  om a
e

he ea;
he equal vo of
he area of overlap of
he mar
me a 
ubmar e o e apper
a  g
o
he repe
ve oa
 of eghbor g
S
a
e  ae where
here are o peal rum
a e; whe ever
poble
he eawar ex
e o of a S
a
e' oa
houl

e roah
o area
ha
are
oo loe
o
he oa
of a o
her S
a
e;
he
preve
o  a far a poble of a  u
-off of
he eawar proje
o
of
he oa
or of par
of
he oa
of e
her of
he S
a
e o er e;
a   er
a rum
a e
he appropra
e o eque e ma be
raw from a   equal
e 
he ex
e
of
he oa
 of
wo S
a
e

o
he ame area of elm
a
o . Vhe ee
al fa

o remember 

ha

he r
era are o
rule of law a 
herefore ma a
or 
he
ffere

ua
o  bu
"equ
able" or eve "reao able" r
era
a 
ha
wha

er a
o al law requre 
ha
reoure be ha 
eah ae
o
he r
ero  or
he bala e of ffere
r
era
appear g
o be mo
appropra
e
o
he o re
e 
ua
o .
YY   Y  YVhe US propoe
he me
ho of
he
perpe ular (a ver
al l e perpe ular
o
he ge eral of
he
oa
). Ca aa rele o
he equ
a e me
ho.
Y
 
 YY  YYc?o e of
he po
e
al me
ho for
elm
a
o ha 
r  mer
 whh woul make 
preferable
o
a o
her 
he ab
ra
. Vhere  o  gle me
ho whh 
r all
br g grea
er ju
e or  of grea
er pra
al ueful e. Vhe grea
er
or leer appropra
e e of o e me
ho or a o
her a o l be
aee w
h refere e
o
he a
ual 
ua
o   whh
he are
ue a 
he aeme
mae  o e 
ua
o ma be e
rel
revere  a o
her. ?or 
here a  me
ho of whh mu
be
preferre a me
ho w
h whoe appla
o ever elm
a
o
opera
o oul beg  albe
ubje

o 
 effe
 be g ubeque
l
orre
e or 
be g eve are  favor of a o
her f
hoe
effe

ur e ou

o be learl u a
fa
or. Vhere mu
be

Page g of g *

wll g e
o aop
a omb a
o of ffere
me
ho whe ever

ha
eem
o be alle for b ffere e 
he rum
a e
ha

ma be releva

he ffere
phae of
he opera
o a  w
h
refere e
o ffere
egme
 of
he l e. Vhu
he Cour
ee

h  epe e
l of
he propoal.
%#Y $ Yr
. 6 o
empla
e 2 
 
hpo
he
al

ua
o  bu

h oe

mea
ha

he ba r
ero (equal
vo ) beh 
hee provo  are ffere
 or
ha

he me
ho
oe

ue
he ame
eh que. Vhe 
 
o  o l ue
o
he
ffere
geographal 
ua
o  referre
o (la
eral equ
a e l e
for ajae
oa
 mea l e for oppo
e oa
). Y apprea
 g

he appropra
e e of
he equ
a e me
ho a a mea  of
ahev g a equ
able olu
o  regar mu
be ha
o
he ffere e
be
wee a 'la
eral' bou ar be
wee ajae
S
a
e a  a 'mea '
bou ar be
wee 'oppo
e' S
a
e." Vhe oa
 of
wo S
a
e ma
be ajae
a
er
a plae a  oppo
e a
o
her (a 
h ae).
O
h la

er hpo
he fful
e mgh
are of a pra
al a
ure
 par
ular  e ever effor
houl be mae
o preve

he par
al
rela
o hp of ajae  from ul
ma
el preom a
 g over
he
par
al rela
o hp of oppo
e e or ve-vera. Y
mgh
beome
appare

ha
aju
me
 were eear for
h purpoe or eve
reoure
o a ffere
me
ho.
%++YY. +Y  Y  Y1
Y
 B+ 
  Y emember
ha

h  volve a elm
a
o of 2 
 

eleme
 b mea  of a  gle l e. Vh prelue
he ue of a 
r
era whh are  appropra
e for
he elm
a
o of e
her
eleme
. Vhe Cour
wll appl r
era erve from geograph ma l

he geograph of oa
 whh ha (prmarl) a phal ape
a 
(eo arl) a pol
al ape
. Some orre
o  mu
be mae
o
er
a effe
 of 
 appla
o
ha
mgh
be u reao able o
ha


he o urre
ue of auxlar r
era ma appear  pe able
uh a le g
h of oa
l e
he equ
able e of orre
 g
he reul

whe a oa
l e  u
off a 
he pree e of geographal fea
ure
(la  group of mall la ).
%++Y  +Y +Vhe pra
al me
ho a o l be
me
ho appropra
e for ue aga 
a bakgrou  of geograph.
oreover
he me
ho ue mu
be ju
a u
able for
he
elm
a
o of
he ea-be a  
 ubol a for
he elm
a
o of

he uperjae
wa
er a 
her fher reoure. Vhu o l
geome
ral me
ho wll erve. Gve
he o fgura
o of
he Gulf of
a e oa
l e
he elm
a
o l e 

a u re
o al l e. Vake
o
e
ha
a

he or
hea
er e
or
he oa
 are la
erall ajae

whle a

he lo g e
or
he oa
 are oppo
e. Vhu 
he fr

e
or
he bou ar  a la
eral elm
a
o l e. Y
he eo 
he
l e  a mea l e.
VYY+  

,  0Y
Y  Vhe pra
al me
ho
o be apple mu
be a
geome
ral o e bae o repe
for
he geographal 
ua
o of

he oa
 be
wee whh
he elm
a
o 
o be effe
e a  a


he ame
me u
able for prou g a reul
a
f g
he r
ero
for
he vo of pu
e area. Vhu
he equ
a e me
ho 


ue bu

he me
ho of raw g perpe ular. or gl o e
ma ju
fabl raw from po

wo l e repe
vel perpe ular

o
he
wo ba oa
al l e. Vhee perpe ular form a
po

o o e e a au
e a gle of abou
82' a  o
he o
her a reflex
a gle of abou
278'. Y

he be
or of
h eo  a gle whh
houl be aop
e for
he oure of
he fr
egme
.
0Y0Y
Y 


c cc  c9 c 


0 
YYVh  volve
he e
erm a
o of
he mea l e.

emember
he hoe of me
ho  ee
all epe e
o
geograph. Y
h ae (gve
he re
a gular hape of
he area a 

he qua-parallelm be
wee
he l e ue 
he elm
a
o  a 

he fa

ha

he oa
 are oppo
e)
he appla
o of a  me
ho
of geome
ral org a  pra
e o l reul

he raw g of a
mea elm
a
o l e. Suh a l e a o l be o e approxma
el
parallel
o
he approxma
el parallel l e of
he
wo oppo
e oa
.
0 
Y  cVhe bak of
he Gulf  e
rel oupe b
he
o
 uou oa
of a e a ompo e

a
e of
he US a 
he

erm al po
of
he 
er a
o al bou ar w
h Ca aa  
ua
e
muh far
her
o
he or
hea

he Gra  a a Cha el a
a
or er of
he re
a gle whh geome
rall repree

he hape of

he Gulf proper. Vhu 
 mpoble
o regar
he ffere e 
le g
h be
wee
he repe
ve oa
l e of
he
wo S
a
e whh
borer o
he elm
a
o area. orre
o 
hu eee. Vhe

o
al le g
h of
he US oa
l e 
he Gulf  approxma
el 284
au
al mle. Vhe overall le g
h of
he Ca aa oa
l e 
approxma
el 206 au
al mle. Vhe ra
o be
wee
he oa
al
fro
 of
he Par
e o
he Gulf of a e a 
hu g.38
o g. Vh
ra
o houl be refle
e 
he loa
o of
he eo  egme
of
he
elm
a
o l e. Vhe appropra
e me
ho houl be
o appl
he
ra
o ele
e
o a l e raw aro
he Gulf where
he oa
 of
?ova So
a a  aahue

 are eare

o eah o
her. Y
woul

he be proper
o hf

he mea l e raw  uh a wa a
o
refle

h ra
o alo g
he l e Cape Co-Chebogue Po
. Vhe
pree e of ome la  a  le mu
alo be o ere .e. Seal
Yla . Y
 ome
wo a -a-half mle lo g. owever 
woul be
exeve
o
rea

he oa
l e of ?ova So
a a
ra ferre ou
hwe
war b
he whole of
he 
a e be
wee Seal Yla  a 
ha

oa
 a  
 appropra
e
o gve
he la  half effe
 o
ha

he
ra
o
o be apple for e
erm  g
he loa
o of
he orre
e
mea l e wll be approxma
el g.32
o g  plae of g.38
o g. S e

 o l a que
o of aju
 g
he propor
o b refere e
o whh

he orre
e mea l e 
o be loa
e
he la 
 effe
 a
mall
ra vere plaeme
of
ha
l e o
a a gular
plaeme
 w
h lm
e pra
al mpa
. Vhe e
ral egme
of

he elm
a
o l e wll orrepo  over 
 e
re le g
h w
h
he
orre
e mea l e a o e
ablhe. Y
wll beg where
h l e

ere
 w
h
he Gulf
he be
or raw from po
a 
o 

u
 g
he fr
egme
 a  e  o reah g
he lo g l e of

he Gulf.
V 0Y
Y Vhc
he lo ge
por
o . Vh 
he egme

whh le ou
e a  over aga 

he Gulf of a e. Y pr ple
he
e
erm a
o of
he pa
h of
h egme
mu
epe  o
ha
of

he
wo prevou egme
. Vhe por
o of
he l e ow
o be
e
erm e wll  ev
abl be 
ua
e 
he ope oea . From
he
geographal po
of vew
here  o po
of refere e ou
e
he
a
ual hore of
he Gulf
ha
a erve a a ba for arr g ou

he
f al opera
o requre. Y
 obvou
ha

he o l k  of pra
al
me
ho whh a be o ere for
h purpoe  a geome
ral
me
ho -
he raw g of a perpe ular
o
he lo g l e of
he
Gulf.
c
+
ak g po
a a fxe po
a  ag  g le

er B
o

he mee
 g-po
be
wee
he fr

wo egme
 a above ef e
le

er C
o
he mee
 g-po
be
wee
he eo  a 
hr egme

o
he lo g l e of
he Gulf a  le

er D
o
he po
where
he
fr
egme
reahe
o eawar
he la
plae o 
 pa
h where

he lam of
he
wo Par
e overlap
he elm
a
o l e fxe
be
wee
he mar
me jur
o  of Ca aa a 
he US wll be
he
l e uevel o e
 g po
  B C a  D.

Page ) of g *

@MY 
 
 YY. +Y  Y 
 Y Y+ Vh 
eear o l for
he
hr egme
 whh 
he real ubje
of
he
pu
e ue
o
he po
e
al reoure of
he ubol a 
he fhere.
Some e qur whe
her  a
o
o
he fa
or prove b
he
geograph of
he Gulf 
elf
here are o o
her
ha
houl be
ake

o aou
  a u er
a able 
ep. Y
mgh
well appear
ha

o
her rum
a e ough
properl
o be o ere  ae g
he
equ
able hara
er of
he reul
proue b
h por
o of
he
elm
a
o l e. Vhee o
her rum
a e ma be umme up b

he a
a prove b huma a  eo om geograph a  are
hu
 elgble for o era
o a r
era
o be apple 
he elm
a
o
proe 
elf ma be releva
 ae g
he equ
able hara
er of
a elm
a
o fr
e
ablhe o
he ba of r
era borrowe from
phal a  pol
al geograph (ex. 
oral pree e 
he area
a
v
e purue lke fh g a  o erva
o of reoure &
ooeo om ape
) . Y
h ae
he Cour
o lue
ha

here
are abolu
el o o 
o  of a exep
o al k  whh mgh

ju
f a  orre
o of
he elm
a
o l e
ha
wa raw . Vhe
elm
a
o wa effe
e  ompla e w
h
he gover  g pr ple
a  rule of law appl g equ
able r
era a  appropra
e me
ho
aor gl
hu prou g a equ
able overall reul
.

/c >"c>Y>c."'.c
c
Vhee are all par
 of
he ea
ha
are o
 lue 
he
err
oral
ea or 
he 
er al wa
er of a S
a
e. Vhe hgh ea are ubje

o 6
freeom
g.c freeom of avga
o
2.c freeom of overflgh

3.c freeom of fh g
4.c freeom
o la ubmar e able a  ppel e
5.c freeom
o o 
ru
ar
fal la  a  
ru
ure
6.c freeom of e
f reearh.
Freeom of overflgh
belo g
o bo
h vla a  ml
ar arraf
.
Freeom of fh g alo  lue
he u

o oopera
e 
ak g
meaure
o e ure
he o erva
o a  ma ageme
of
he lv g
reoure of
he hgh ea.
Ever S
a
e whe
her oa
al or la -loke ha
he rgh

o al hp
fl g 
 flag o
he hgh ea. Vhe flag 
a
e ha exluve jur
o
over 
 hp o
he hgh ea
o
he ex
e
o
lm
e b agreeme
.
B legal f
o  a hp  a floa
 g par
of
he flag 
a
e. warhp
whh e ou
er o
he hgh ea a foreg hp a boar
he la

er
o l f
here  a reao able grou  for upe
 g
ha

g.c
he hp  e gage  pra
2.c
he hp  e gage  lave
rae
3.c
he hp  e gage  u au
hore broaa
 g a 
he
flag 
a
e of
he warhp ha jur
o
4.c
he hp  w
hou
a
o al

5.c
hough fl g a foreg flag or refu g
o how 
 flag
he
hp  reall of
he ame a
o al
 a
he warhp.
Pra refer
o
he follow g a

g.c a  llegal a
 of vole e or e
e
o  or a  a
of
eprea
o  omm

e for prva
e e  b
he rew or
he
pae ger of a prva
e hp or a prva
e arraf
 a 
re
e o
he hgh ea aga 
a o
her hp or arraf

or aga 
pero  or proper
 o boar uh hp or
arraf
; or aga 
a hp arraf
 pero  or proper
  a
plae ou
e
he jur
o of a  S
a
e;
2.c a  a
of volu
ar par
pa
o 
he opera
o of a
k ow pra
e hp or arraf
;
3.c a  a
of  
 g or of 
e
o all fal
a
 g a  of
he
above a
.


c cc  c9 c 


Vake o
e
ha

he o
guou o e  par
of
he hgh ea.

o
puru
 allowe where
here  goo reao
o beleve
ha

he
hp ha vola
e law or regula
o  of a oa
al 
a
e. Vh mu

omme e whe
he foreg veel  w
h
he 
er al wa
er
he
arhpelag wa
er
he
err
oral wa
er or
he o
guou o e of

he puru g 
a
e. Y
ma o
 ue
o
he hgh ea f
he puru
ha
o
bee 
errup
e. Y
 o
eear
ha
 a

he
me whe
he
foreg hp w
h
he
err
oral ea or o
guou o e reeve
he
orer
o 
op
he hp gv g
he orer houl lkewe be w
h
he

err
oral ea or o
guou o e. Yf
he foreg hp  
he
o
guou o e 
ma be purue o l for vola
o  of
he rgh
 of

he oa
al 
a
e 
he o
guou o e. 2   
he rgh

of ho
puru
hall alo appl
o vola
o  of applable law a 
regula
o  of
he oa
al 
a
e 
he EEZ or
he o
 e
al helf
 lu g
he afe
 o e of
he helf. o
puru
mu

op a oo
a
he hp purue e
er
he
err
oral wa
er of 
 ow 
a
e or of
a
hr 
a
e. o
puru
ma be arre ou
o l b warhp or
ml
ar arraf
 or a  o
her hp or arraf
properl marke for
ha

purpoe.
o
puru
 o
eeme
o have begu u le
he puru g hp ha
a
fe 
elf b uh pra
able mea  a ma be avalable
ha

he
hp purue  w
h
he lm
 of
he
err
oral ea or a
he ae
ma be w
h
he o
guou o e EEZ or above
he o
 e
al
helf. Vhe puru
ma o l be omme e af
er a vual or au
or
g al
o 
op ha bee gve a
a 
a e whh e able 

o be ee
or hear b
he foreg hp.
Y
he eve
of a ollo or a  o
her  e
of avga
o
o er  g a hp o
he hgh ea  volv g
he pe al or pl ar
repo bl
 of
he ma
er or of a  o
her pero 
he erve of

he hp o pe al or pl ar proee g ma be  

u
e
aga 
uh pero exep
before
he jual or am 
ra
ve
au
hor
e e
her of
he flag S
a
e or of
he S
a
e of whh uh
pero  a a
o al. Y pl ar ma

er
he S
a
e whh ha
ue a ma
er' er
fa
e or a er
fa
e of ompe
e e or le e
hall alo e be ompe
e
 af
er ue legal proe
o pro ou e
he
w
hrawal of uh er
fa
e eve f
he holer  o
a a
o al of

he S
a
e whh ue
hem. ?o arre
or e
e
o of
he hp eve
a a meaure of  ve
ga
o  hall be orere b a  au
hor
e
o
her
ha
hoe of
he flag S
a
e.
/c

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".-&".c-c >"c>Y>c."'.c

c
ll 
a
e have
he rgh
for
her a
o al
o e gage  fh g o
he
hgh ea ubje

o
her
rea
 oblga
o 
he rgh
 a  u
e of
oa
al 
a
e a 
he U?CLOS provo . Y l e w
h
h all 
a
e
have
he u

o
ake or
o oopera
e w
h o
her 
a
e 
ak g
uh meaure for
her repe
ve a
o al a ma be eear for

he o erva
o of
he lv g reoure of
he hgh ea (e.g.
e
erm  g
he allowable a
h).


52 ;;;3
u
rala a  ?ew Zeala  allege
ha
Japa ha fale
o ompl
w
h 
 oblga
o
o oopera
e 
he o erva
o of
he ou
her
blue f
u a (SBV) 
ok b u er
ak g u la
eral experme
al
fh g for ou
her bluef
u a  breah of 
 oblga
o  u er
r
 64 a  gg6
o gg9 of U?CLOS  rela
o
o
he o erva
o a 
ma ageme
of
he SBV. Vhe are alo ak g for provo al remee

he form of a orer omma  g Japa
o e
from uh
u la
eral experme
al fh g.

Page  of g *


+ 2
  0YY Y  Y Y6 U er ar
64 rea

oge
her w
h ar
 gg6
o gg9 of
he Co ve
o  S
a
e Par
e
o
he
Co ve
o have
he u

o oopera
e re
l or
hrough
appropra
e 
er a
o al orga a
o  w
h a vew
o e ur g
o erva
o a  promo
 g
he obje
ve of op
mum u
la
o of
hghl mgra
or pee.
SOUVE? BLUE FY? VU? YGL YGVO SPECYES OF FYS
Vhe l
of hghl mgra
or pee o
a e  ex Y
o
he
Co ve
o  lue ou
her bluef
u a  ;
+YYY
 Y5 + Y Y+Y 
 Y    Y4CCCYY Y +

 
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 4%
   POMYSYO?L ESUES YS VO PESEME
YGVS ?D VO E?MYO?E?V.Y aora e w
h ar
290 of

he Co ve
o 
he Vrbu al ma prerbe provo al meaure
o
preerve
he repe
ve rgh
 of
he par
e
o
he pu
e or
o
preve
erou harm
o
he mar e e vro me
. ESUES
SOULD BE VKE? VO PESEME YGVS ?D MEV OE
DEVEYOVYO?. l
hough
he Vrbu al a o
o luvel ae

he e
f eve e pree
e b
he par
e 
f 
ha

meaure houl be
ake a a ma

er of urge 
o preerve
he
rgh
 of
he par
e a 
o aver
fur
her e
erora
o of
he ou
her
blue f
u a 
ok.
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c
la -loke 
a
e  o e whh ha o ea-oa
. Vhee 
a
e have

he rgh
of ae
o a  from
he ea a 
he freeom of
ra 


hrough
he
err
or of a
ra 

a
e (a 
a
e w
h or w
hou
a eaoa
 
ua
o be
wee a la -loke 
a
e a 
he ea
hrough
whoe
err
or
raff 
ra 
pae). Vraff 
ra 
hall o
be
ubje

o a  u
om u
e
axe or o
her harge exep

hoe
leve for pef erve re ere  o e
o w
h uh
raff.
c
/c Y " ' Y- 'c."'
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c
Vhee are area of
he eabe a 
he oea floor a 
her ubol
whh le beo  a  a
o al jur
o . Vhee are
he ommo
her
age of ma k  a  ma o
be appropra
e b a  
a
e or
pero . ll rgh
 
he reoure of
he rea are ve
e  ma k 
a a whole o whoe behalf
he u
hor
 (
he Y
er a
o al Sea-Be
u
hor
) hall a
. Vhee reoure are o
ubje

o ale a
o . Vhe
m eral reovere from
he rea however ma o l be ale a
e 
aora e w
h
he releva
provo  of U?CLOS. Vhe E
erpre 

he orga of
he u
hor
 whh hall arr ou
a
v
e 
he rea
re
l a well a
he
ra por
 g proe g a  marke
 g of
m eral reovere from
he rea a  hall have 
 pr pal plae of
bu e a

he ea
of
he u
hor
.
/c #'Y "c -& Y- cc
c
ar e pollu
o preve
o a  o
rol ar g from la -bae
oure ea-be-a
v
e ubje

o a
o al jur
o  a
v
e 

he rea veel a  o
her are overe qu
e ex
e vel u er
U?CLOS. S
a
e are bou 
o preve
a  o
rol mar e pollu
o
from a  oure a  are lable for amage aue b vola
o of
her

er a
o al oblga
o 
o omba
uh pollu
o .
90 1 Y++ Y Y

Y Y 
.(Y+ 
  Y
+ Y  Y. Y 

Y
+
YY Y   YY 
Y Y 
YV$M%$ 0V$ Y YYY  Y
+ 
  Y Y
Y Y   
  Y+Y(YY 
+
Y Y Y. Y  +  Y  Y
+
V Y YY  YmY V"Y Y
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+
YY YY+++Y YYY

 
+ Y++ 
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  Y YYY
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'4Y' Y- c
c
Ever S
a
e ha
he rgh

o al hp fl g 
 flag o
he hgh ea. Y


he S
a
e
 rgh

o ee
he o 
o  b whh 
wll aor
he
rgh

o fl 
 flag. ?o hp ma ha ge 
 flag ur g 
 voage
exep
 ae of
ra fer of ow erhp or o
he ba of ha ge of
reg
r. Yf a hp al u er
he flag of 2 
a
e 
 o ere a
hav g o a
o al
 a  ma o
lam a  of
he a
o al
e
repree
e b
hee flag w
h repe

o a  o
her S
a
e. O l
he
flag 
a
e ma exere rm al jur
o over
he ma
er or a 
pero 
he erve of
he hp. Vh  a epar
ure from
he 00 
ae. lo
he flag 
a
e hall have
he u

o requre
he hp

ma
er w
hou
a ger
o
he rew or pae ger
o re er
a
a e
o a  pero a
ea  a ger of be g lo
 or
o reue
pero   
re.
/c ." "#" c-c%Y. & ".c
c
Peaeful e

leme
of pu
e  ompulor. Yf a bla
eral
e

leme
fal U?CLOS requre ubmo of
he pu
e for
ompulor e

leme
 o e of
he
rbu al lo
he w
h
jur
o . Vhe al
er a
ve are
he Y
er a
o al Vrbu al for
he
Law of
he Sea
he YCJ or a arb
ral
rbu al o 

u
e u er
he
Co ve
o .
/c "'"&c&."c-c >"c-"' .cc
c
c
Y exer g
her rgh
 a  perform g
her u
e u er U?CLOS

a
e hall refra from a 
hrea
or ue of fore aga 

he

err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e of a  S
a
e or  a 
o
her ma er  o 
e
w
h
he pr ple of 
er a
o al law
emboe 
he U? Char
er.
0/c '>'"--Y'c' %c>Y. -Y'c-
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c
S
a
e have
he u

o pro
e
obje
 of a arhaeologal a 
h
oral a
ure fou  a
ea.

Page  of g *


c cc  c9 c 


c
%


c

Y " 'c(' ".c

Wa
er o
he la war e
of
he bael e of
he

err
oral ea. Y lue
wa
er of lake rver por

a  ba

.
,c
!

$
c

Coa
al 
a
e ha abolu
e

vl & rm al jur
o

"Y -Y'c."'.c
ajae
bel
of ea
whh oe o
exee
g2 au
al mle from

he bael e. U er
he
U?CLOS roa
ea are
par
of
he
err
oral
ea.

Coa
al 
a
e ha

overeg
 (over
arpae eabe
ubol)  lm
e b
he
rgh
of  oe
paage
Flag 
a
e exere vl
rm al jur
o w
h
EXCEPVYO?S
g. Crm al
o eque e ex
e 
o
oa
al 
a
e 
urb

he peae goo orer
reque
for a
a e
rug
raff
2. Cvl
hoe  urre
b hp 
elf o e
e
w
h
he voage


ccc
c.c

Vo aop
law
regula
o  rela
 g
o
 oe
paage
Whe eear w
h
regar
o avga
o al
afe
 requre foreg
hp
o ue ea la e

raff epara
o
heme
gh
 of pro
e
o
( lue rgh

o

emporarl upe 
 oe
paage f
ee
al for pro
e
o
of 
 eur
)

'>Y "'-c
grp. of la   lu g
par
 of la 

ero e
 g wa
er &
o
her a
ural fea
ure
whh are o loel

errela
e
ha
uh form
a 
r  geographal
eo om & pol
al e


or whh h
orall have
bee regare a uh

- Y&-&.cB- "c
o e o
guou
o
he

err
oral ea
ha
ma
o
ex
e  beo  24
au
al mle from
he
bael e

rhpelag 
a
e

overeg
 ex
e 
o
he
arhpelag wa
er
he
arpae above
hee
wa
er
he eabe
ubol a 
he reoure.
Vh overeg
 
exere ubje

o
he
rgh
of arhpelag ea
la e paage.

Coa
al 
a
e oe o

exere overeg
 bu

pro
e
ve jur
o .
Coa
al 
a
e ha
jur
o o l over
u
om fal
mmgra
o  or a 
ar
law & regula
o 

Page 2 of g
""Bc
area beo  a 
ajae

o
he

err
oral ea whh
ex
e  200 au
al
mle from
he
bael e

Vhee are lm
e.

Sovereg rgh
 o l
for
he purpoe of
explor g
explo
 g
o erv g a 
ma ag g
he
a
ural reoure
lv g or o lv g 

he wa
er eabe
a  ubol.

*
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Seabe a  ubol of
ubmar e area
ha

ex
e  beo 
he

err
oral ea
hroughou


he a
ural prolo ga
o of

 la 
err
or
o
he
ou
er ege of
he
o
 e
al marg  or
o a

a e of 200 mle from

he bael e whhever 
grea
er.
Coa
al 
a
e ha er
a
overeg rgh
 over
he
o
 e
al helf
hough 

oe

form par
of 


err
or. Vhee overeg
rgh
 o

affe

he legal

a
u of uperjae

wa
er a  arpae over

he wa
er.

Jur
o 
lm
e w
h regar

o ar
fal la 
a   
alla
o 
mar e e
f
reearh a 
pro
e
o 
preerva
o of
mar e e vro me

Vo upe 
he rgh
of

paage w
h regar
o
pefe area f ee
al
for
he pro
e
o of
he

a
e
 eur
 a  w
hou

rm a
o amo g
foreg hp
Vo eg a
e ea la e &
ar rou
e
Prerbe
raff epara
o
heme for afe paage
of hp va arrow
ha el  uh la e
Sub

u
e o
her ea la e

Coa
al 
a
e mu
make

a lam
o 
 o
guou
o e for
her per
 e

rgh

o ex
(
h o e
 o l  +
he
o
her are ma a
or).
Vhe o
guou o e f
lame wll be
upermpoe o
he
EEZ. Yf
here  o lam

he area wll be par
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e  o l
o a
 # YY . Bu

he
re
r
ve appla
o of S
a
e mmu 
  proper o l whe
he
proee g are ou
of ommeral
ra a
o  of
he foreg
overeg  
 ommeral a
v
e or eo om affar. S
a
e ma
be a
o have ee e
o
he level of a  vual a  a
hu
be eeme
o have
a
l gve 
 o e

o be ue o l whe 

e
er 
o bu e o
ra
. Y
oe o
appl where
he o
ra

rela
e
o
he exere of 
 overeg fu 
o . Y
h ae
he
proje
 are a 
egral par
of
he aval bae whh  evo
e
o

he efe e of bo
h
he US a 
he P  pu
abl a fu 
o of
he
gover me
of
he hghe
orer;
he are o
u
le for or
ea
e
o ommeral or bu e purpoe. Vhe orre

e
for

he appla
o of 
a
e mmu 
  o

he o luo of a o
ra

b a 
a
e bu

he legal a
ure of
he a
.


#+&*

$*!1Cae  au
hor
 for WO  o
ubje

o loal
jur
o . Vhere  a proeure
o  voke mmu 
 from u

before loal our
 ubmo
o our
of a er
fa
e from
he DF
hara
er g
he orga a
o 
o whh loal our
 houl efer.
Smuggl g ae  volv g a WO offal.
"

 + 1Y 
 
,% 75 mea


o afeguar
he jur
o al mmu 
 of ploma
 offal 
he
Phlpp e elare a ull a  vo wr
 or proee ue ou
or
proeu
e whereb  Y +
he pero of a ambaaor or
publ m 
er  arre
e or mpro e or h goo or ha

el are
ee or a

ahe a  make 
a pe al offe e for "ever pero b
whom
he ame  ob
a e or proeu
e whe
her a par
 or a
a

or e a  ever offer o er e  exeu
 g 
"
o ob
a or
e fore uh wr
or proe. Juge qu o houl have quahe
he
earh warra
appla
o . Cour
bou  b DF er
fa
o a
o
offal apa
.

! ++8&
Colle
o ae u er a 
eveor g o
ra
a

he US ?aval Bae.
0  Y + Y  YY Y    Y    Cae
me for 
cc1c


c 
 bu
SC
a ge erall
he overeg a o
be ue  
 ow our
 or 
a  o
her w
hou

 o e
a  permo . owever o er g

ha

he US Gover me

hrough 
 age  a
Sub Ba e
ere

o a o
ra
w
h appella
for 
eveor g & mella eou labor
erve w
h
he Sub Ba area a US ?av eerva
o  

eve

ha

a br g a a
o before our our
 for a 

23+ 

B
h oral efama
o ae aga 
a DB eo om
.

,%Y 
  Y
 YSC regare
he offe of pro
ool
from
he DF 
a
 g
ha
La g  overe b mmu 
 from legal
proe u er Se
o 45 of
he greeme
be
wee
he DB a 
h
P regar g
he eaquar
er of
he DB 
he P. Vhe
foue o
he ploma
 mmu 
 of offal a  
aff of DB
from legal a  jural proee 
he Phlpp e a 
he
o 

u
o al a  pol
al ba of
ha
mmu 
. Y
houl be mae
lear
ha
owhere 
he aale Deo  ploma
 mmu 

e e eve remo
el.

%+&
$*!1
(F rul g  wro g ?o ba
o gve mmu 

o a DE age
. DE
age
ef 
el o
a ploma
 age
(u er
he Me a
o ve
o ). 
we ake  la
5 Bar exam]
- Y P our ploma
 have mul
ple eg a
o . Vhr Sere
are
are alo Me Co ul are
e (e
erm e ploma

a
u).
- Vhere houl

be mmu 
 o legal ba for mmu 
 o bae
agreeme
 MF  problema
lm
 exere of overeg
 over
offe e b v
 g fore  P (offe e  u offal a
 u er US
au
hor
 who er
fe
ha

 erve-rela
e) peale regme
a
o u
o w
h repe

o u offal a
 US a reque
u
o
pe  g l
ga
o bu
af
er
ral u
l eo  P ge
 u
o upo
reque
.
Yra a Labor

ahe lam amage af
er he wa frame of
hero
raffk g b a US rug e foreme
age
.
!
 + )Vm%V$Y + Whe
her
uh lam are from rm al a
 or from
or

here a be o
que
o
ha
prva
e repo e
wa ue  h pero al apa

for a
 omm

e ou
e h offal fu 
o  u
e. C gravel
abue 
 re
o  m g
he vl ae o
he ba of a
erro eou aump
o
ha
mpl-beaue of
he elf-erv g]
Dploma
 ?o
e
he prva
e repo e
 lo
he w
h ploma

mmu 

hereb ve
 g
he
ral our
of jur
o over h
pero . Y
ma a
o e be 
a
e
ha
eve f
he Calo e jo
ploma
 mmu 
 a mal of
he ae a o
be orere o

he grou  of lak of jur
o over h pero  bu
ra
her for lak
of a aue of a
o beaue eve f he omm

e
he mpu
e a

a  oul have bee o
herwe mae lable
herefor h mmu 

woul bar a  u
aga 
hm  o e
o
herew
h a  woul
preve
reover of amage ar g
herefrom.
Y 0
% u
hor
e 
a
e
ha

he o
r e of mmu 
 from
u
wll o
appl a  ma o
be  voke where
he publ offal
 be g ue  h prva
e a  pero al apa
 a a or ar

e . Vhe loak of pro
e
o affore
he offer a  age
 of

he gover me
 remove
he mome

he are ue 
her
 vual apa
. Vh 
ua
o uuall are where
he publ
offal a
 w
hou
au
hor
 or  exe of
he power ve
e 


c cc  c9 c 


hm. publ offal ma be lable  h pero al prva
e apa


for wha
ever amage he ma haw mue b h a
o e w
h
male a   ba fa
h or beo 
he ope of h au
hor
 or
jur
o .

!+$


o for reo vea e & amage b fr
buer aga 
eller ol
See af
er falure
o omple
e pame
.
,%Y 
 
 Y Y
 Vhe Ma
a C

repree
 a e

 orga e o
for pol
al bu
for elea
al
purpoe a  
er a
o al obje
. Dep
e 
 e a  obje
 
ha
a  epe e
gover me
of 
 ow  w
h
he Pope who  alo
hea of
he oma Ca
hol Churh a
he ol See or ea of
S
a
e  o form
 w
h 

ra
o  a 
he ema  of 

mo 
he worl. Y amuh a
he Pope prefer
o o u

foreg rela
o  a  e
er 
o
ra a
o  a
he ol See a  o


he ame of
he Ma
a C
 o e a o lue
ha

he Pope'
ow vew 

he ol See
ha

he 
er a
o al pero . P ha
aore
he ol See
he 
a
u of a foreg overeg . Vhe
proper
 wa o a
e
o
he ol See for 

o e
ablh 

ploma
 preme bu
wa fore
o ell af
er falure
o ev

qua

er.
Ve
whe
her
he foreg 
a
e  e gage 
he a
v
 
he
regular oure of bu e. Yf
he foreg 
a
e  o
e gage
regularl  a bu e or
rae
he par
ular a
or
ra a
o
mu

he be
e
e b 
 a
ure. Yf
he a
  puru
of a
overeg a
v
 or a  e

hereof
he 
 a a
# Y
Y  epeall whe 
 o
u er
ake for ga or prof
.
Vhe prvlege of overeg mmu 
 
h ae wa uffe
l
e
ablhe b
he emora um a  Cer
fa
o of
he DF. Vhe
e
erm a
o of
he exeu
ve arm of gover me

ha
a 
a
e or
 
rume
al
  e

le
o overeg or ploma
 mmu 
  a
pol
al que
o
ha
 o luve upo
he our
 (2++Y#).
Where
he plea of mmu 
  reog e a  affrme b
he
exeu
ve bra h 

he u
 of
he our

o aep

h lam o
a o

o embarra
he exeu
ve arm of
he gover me

o u
 g
he ou
r' foreg rela
o  ()$%.).
eme a pero who feel aggreve b
he a
 of a foreg
overeg a ak h ow gover me

o epoue h aue
hrough
ploma
 ha el
c
$*!1Y volve a overeg m -
a
e

(&(+&

Yllegal
erm a
o ae.
, + 
  Y  +
Y SEFDEC  a

er a
o al age  e jo g ploma
 mmu 
 e jo g
fu 
o al  epe e e a  freeom from o
rol of
he 
a
e 
whoe
err
or 
 offe  loa
e. O e of
he ba mmu 
e of
a 
er a
o al orga a
o  mmu 
 from loal jur
o  .e.

ha

 mmu e from
he legal wr
 & proee ue b
he

rbu al of
he ou
r where 
 fou . Vhe obvou reao for

h 
ha

he ubje
o of uh a orga a
o
o
he au
hor
 of

he loal our
 woul affor a o ve e
meum
hru whh
he
ho
gover me
ma 
erfere 
her opera
o  or eve  flue e
or o
rol 
 pole a  eo  of
he orga a
o ; bee
uh obje
o
o loal jur
o woul mpar
he apa
 of uh
bo
o harge 
 repo bl
e mpar
all o behalf of 

member-
a
e. Ympor
a
o -pol
al purpoe + au
o om.
c

%+/

Page 2g of g *

Pe

o for Cer
fa
o Ele
o of ra k a  fle member of
he

labor u o  YCC a Me
am War refugee proe g e
er o prof
& U? reg
ere.
, + 
 $Y
er a
o al Orga a
o   ge erall
ue
o erbe a orga a
o e
up b agreeme
be
wee
wo
or more 
a
e.cU er o
emporar 
er a
o al law uh
orga a
o  are e owe w
h ome egree of 
er a
o al legal
pero al
 uh
ha

he are apable of exer g pef rgh

u
e a  power. Vhe are orga e ma l a a mea  for
o u
 g ge eral 
er a
o al bu e  whh
he member

a
e have a 
ere
. Vhe U?  a 
er a
o al orga a
o
ea
e
o
he propaga
o of worl peae. Vhe gra
of mmu 

from loal jur
o
o YCC a  YY  learl ee
a
e b

her 
er a
o al hara
er a  repe
ve purpoe. Vhe obje
ve

o avo
he a ger of par
al
 a  
erfere e b
he ho

ou
r 
her 
er al work g. Vhe exere of jur
o b
he
DOLE woul efea

he ver purpoe of mmu 
 whh 
o hel

he affar of 
er a
o al orga a
o   aora e w
h

er a
o al pra
e from pol
al preure or o
rol b
he ho

ou
r
o
he prejue of member S
a
e of
he orga a
o  a 

o e ure
he u hampere performa e of
her fu 
o .


(@


$*!1
- W
hou
aba o  g
he u
omar orm o mmu 
e
he
Lor rule
ha
mmu 
 ex
e  o l
o overeg a
.
- Y
er a
o al rme u

o proeu
e; a
 g  behalf of
he

er a
o al orer.
- P ohe
ae bu
a
 were omm

e whle he wa
he
overeg of Chle & overeg  have mmu 
 from u

Ex
ra
o  UK rm al
- oue of Lor revewe
he a
ure of h a
; mmu 

per
a  o l
o overeg a
 o
 lu g ommo of

er a
o al rmeome S
a
u
e mmu 
  o
a efe e
aga 
harge of 
er a
o al rme.
P ohe
ex
ra
e b Spa whle he wa  Lo o eek g
meal
rea
me
 for rme omm

e prmarl  Chle ur g
h
erm a hea of 
a
e of Chle (he beame hea of 
a
e af
er a
ueful oup).
+Y +  Y8Y Y

 + ?o
all

he rme a harge are ex
ra
o rme o P ohe
a be
ex
ra
e WYV EGD VO harge af
er Sep
. 29 g988 (a
e
whe Vor
ure beame a rme 
he UK). Pr ple of Double
Crm al
crequre
ha

he o u
ompla e of mu
o 

u
e
a rme u er
he law of bo
h Spa a  of
he UK. Vhe releva
a
e

he o u
a
emea  g
ha

he o u
houl be a rme 

he UK a

he
me 
wa omm

e a  o
a

he
me
he
ex
ra
o wa ough
(reque
a
e).
P ohe
a a former hea of 
a
e e jo mmu 
  Y
 Y Y bu

or
ure a ef e u er
he Vor
ure o ve
o
a o
be a publ fu 
o  o he oe o
e jo mmu 
 WYV
EGD VO
hee a
 omm

e af
er 09-29-88.
Vor
ure  ow a 
er a
o al rme o 
 ow . YL prohb
 g

or
ure ha
he hara
er of #
Y or a peremp
or orm .e.
o e of
hoe rule whh have a par
ular 
a
u. U veral
Jur
o over
or
ure  ju
fe b 
 #
Y a
ure.
Ympor
a
po
 from
he
or
ure o ve
o
g) Vor
ure u er
he Co ve
o a o l be omm

e b "a
publ offal or o
her pero a
 g  a offal apa
" bu


c cc  c9 c 


hee wor  lue a hea of 
a
e.  gle a
of offal

or
ure  "
or
ure";
2) Superor orer prove o efe e;
3) Yf
he 
a
e w
h
he mo
obvou jur
o (
he r
. 5(g)

a
e) o o
eek
o ex
ra
e
he 
a
e where
he allege

or
urer  fou  mu
proeu
e or appare
l ex
ra
e
o
a o
her ou
r (u veral jur
o ).
4) Vhere  o expre provo eal g w
h 
a
e mmu 
 of
hea of 
a
e ambaaor or o
her offal.
5) S e Chle Spa a 
he UK are all par
e
o
he
Co ve
o 
he are bou  u er
rea
 b 
 provo  WO?
uh provo  woul appl 
he abe e of
rea
 oblga
o .
Chle ra
fe
he Co ve
o w
h effe
from O
. 30 g988 a 

he UK w
h effe
from De. 8 g988.
' Y- "c ".- '"c

4

' Y- "c#' "Y'" c

of
he mbaaor U er
he
Me a Co ve
o

Y 
cc>ccc
- S
a
e mmu 
 probabl grew from
he h
oral mmu 
 of
he
pero of
he mo arh. Suh pero al mmu 
 of
he hea of 
a
e
per

o
he pree
a
he hea of 
a
e  e

le
o
he ame
mmu 
 a
he 
a
e 
elf.
Y 
cc' c
Vhe Me a Co ve
o o Dploma
 ela
o  g96ggg over
he
mmu 
 of
he mbaaor. Y
prove
ha

Vc
he mbaaor hall e jo h mmu 
 a  prvlege
from
he mome
he
ake up po
.
Vc f
er h po
 over he hall 
ll e jo
hee prvlege
a  mmu 
 u
l he leave
he ou
r or o expr of a
reao able pero  whh
o o o bu
hall ub
u
l
ha

me
eve  ae of arme o fl
.
e hall o
 ue
o e jo mmu 
 w
h repe

o a
 performe

he exere of h fu 
o  (r
. 39(2); lm
e mmu 
;  Y
 Y Y).
9Ba Pr ple Of YL
ha
o e
- mmu 
e & prvlege
he
overeg 
a
e (
he forum
mbaaor e joe eae
he

a
e) oe o
ajua
e o
mome
he leave
he ou
r

he o u
of a foreg 
a
e.
af
er h po
. Bu

o preerve
he

egr
 of
he a
v
e of
he
foreg 
a
e ur g
he pero
whe he wa ambaaor 

eear
o prove
ha

mmu 
  affore
o h 

+
a
 ur g h
e ure  po
. Yf

h were o
o e
he overeg
mmu 
 of
he 
a
e oul be
evae b all g  que
o a

o e ur g
he prevou
ambaaor'
me.
- foreg 
a
e  e

le
o
-Vh o
 u g par
al mmu 

proeural mmu 
 from
he
 ffere
from
ha
e joe
proee of
he forum 
a
e.
 YY Y whle he wa

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Page 2) of g *

- mmu 
 ex
e 
o bo
h

rm al & vl labl
.
- hea of 
a
e  e

le
o
he
ame mmu 
 a
he 
a
e

elf.
- ploma
 repree
a
ve of

he foreg 
a
e 
he forum

a
e  alo affore
he ame
mmu 
  reog 
o of
he
g 
 of
he 
a
e whh he
repree
.
-Ymmu 
   YY Y
a

ah g
o
he pero of
he
hea of 
a
e or ambaaor
a   a omple
e mmu 

re er g hm mmu e from all
a
o  or proeu
o 
whe
her or o

he rela
e
o
ma

er o e for
he be ef
of

he 
a
e.


ll  po
.
-S e he o lo ger repree
 h

a
e he mer
 o par
ular
prvlege or mmu 
e a a
pero .

-U er r
. 39(2)
he

ambaaor lke a  o
her offal
of
he 
a
e e jo mmu 
 
rela
o
o h offal a
 o e
whle he wa a offal. Vh
lm
e mmu 
 
o be
o
ra
e w
h
he former
mmu 
  YY Ywhh
gave omple
e mmu 

o all
a
v
e publ or prva
e.
Vhere  o e
ablhe rule of YL
ha
requre 
a
e mmu 

 Y Y Y
o be aore  repe
of proeu
o for a

er a
o al rme.

6+ 
Ker wa k appe from Peru & brough

o Cook Cou
 US
o fae
lare  & embeleme
harge.
 Y
+  Y 

Y 
  Y 

Y #  
Due proe of law
 omple w
h whe
he par
  c


$ b
he proper gra  jur 
he 
a
e our
 ha a
ral
aor g
o
he form a  moe prerbe for uh
ral a 
whe 
ha

ral a  proee g he 

eprve of rgh

o
whh he  lawfull e

le. For mere rregular
e  ma er 
whh he wa brough

o
he u
o of
he law he 

e

le

o a
ha
he houl

be
re for
he rme w
h whh he 
harge  a regular  
me
.
Vh
rea
 (of ex
ra
o ) or a  o
her
rea
 oe

prove
ha

a par
 flee g from
he US
o eape pu hme
for rme beome

hereb e

le
o a alum 
he ou
r
o whh he ha fle. Y



o
e e
ha
Peru oul

have orere Ker ou
of
he
ou
r o h arrval or a
a  pero of h ree e
here. ?or
a 
be oub
e
ha
Peru oul of 
 ow aor w
hou
a 
ema  from
he US have urre ere Ker
o a age
of Yll o
a 
h urre er woul
ve bee val w
h
he om o  of
Peru. Vhe rgh
of
he Peruva gover me

o volu
arl gve a
par
  Ker
 o 
o  a alum 
ha
ou
r  qu
e a
ffere

h g from h rgh

o ema  a   
upo eur
 
uh a alum. Vhe
rea
 o far a 
regula
e
he rgh
of alum
 
e e
o lm

h rgh

he ae of o e who  prove
o be a
rm al flee g from ju
e; o
ha
 o proper ema  a 
proee g ha
here 
he gover me
of
he ou
r of
he
alum hall elver hm up
o
he ou
r where
he rme wa
omm

e. 
o
h ex
e

he
rea
 oe regula
e or mpoe a
re
r
o upo
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Page 2 of g *

here wa o epara
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 w
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Page 2 of g *

ppella
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Page 22 of g *

ema  ex
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a 
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ve f
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u
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em a be a ob
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erpre
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ra
able.
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ra
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 YW.
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e 
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o mpleme
e

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he 
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e Vhe a
wll e gage S beaue he  a age
of

he 
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u
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l law Coul aor e gage S 
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).
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. 2)
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l oblga
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able
o 
a
e (a

rbu
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he pr ple of S YLC Draf
r
le o S
a
e
epo bl
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h Sea Co
 e
al Shelf ae
YLC r
le (Co
 e
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o )ma a
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o
of 

l law; ompoe of exper
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ve of all
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omar law
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g. S
a
e pra
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a
ve of eo  hel b our
 all over
2. op o jur o
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bu
o l orm
he feel are law.

Page 23 of g *

> Doe
he Draf
r
le a whe
here  S Sr o 
o l a
whe
here  breah of a
rea
 or a orm. Vo e
erm e S look a

ub
a
ve law. f
er 80 ear of raf
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S beaue
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 g 
. Vhe o l wa
o
f h
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o leave
he e
fa
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o ub
a
ve
law.
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l Vrbu al be
wee S
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err
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he a
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 pr ple o 
 
o a
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me
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err
or o

fxe; bae o rum
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  our

err
or. Gve re
o breah of oblga
o WYV EGD VO

rea
me
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her proper
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le
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 breah + a

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o & repara
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ora
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o

a
u quo a
e or ompe a
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ora
o
poble; ex
 guh all o eque eChorow Fa
or
ae) .
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a
e repo bl
  a u
hell
g. r
. 2-f
here
 a breah ew oblga
o  are
-
h ar
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he o
e
ou ar
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o 

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e breah
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o eae & e
;
o guara
ee o -repe

o
3. r
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o
o 
a
u quo a
e
> Who a e gage 
a
e repo bl

g. S
a
e orga  - r
. 4 alwa (lea
problema
); Orga  u er YL
 lue all bra he &  
rume
al
e of
he gov

a ef e
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u
o al or 
er al law.
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fe b
he S
a
e 
elf
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o  P o emploe a eur
 guar  US Bae 
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ra  ?aragua (US fu e bu
Cour
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ha
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o e gage S). re
he a
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 ge ou people

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ral oma  a 
he
o fore

hem
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laver; ha a omprome agreeme
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ha
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e
eur
 guar ue  ell 
e aga 
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r e of a
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ere
 or equal
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 ale 
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e 
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e where
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ree. Goo ame be ef
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e 
ra al a  

mu pal law are harh a  vola
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 eve of 

ow 
e 
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 mum 
er a
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a 
a
e
 ow 
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e
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e
o .
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ra
.
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a
e am
 
o 

err
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me
 or foreg
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 bou 
o ex
e 
o
hem
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e
o of
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o aume oblga
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rea
me
affore
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o  are o
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of
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o  a S
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e mu
fr
e
ablh 

rgh

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ere
 are harme b a
a
o e
o
he ompa  

o
he la

er
ha
he ha
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o
 

u
e appropra
e a
o .
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UK lam aga 
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 m e pla
e 
he Corfu Cha el;
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 overeg
 wa vola
e whe UK la
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ra
for more m e.
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he m efel oul
o
have bee aomplhe w
hou

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o 
ra
 guar po
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ra
eg plae).
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o o
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ra
o O
. 22 of
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hee grave omo   volve her 
er a
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rum
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 prohb
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o
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of peal au
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bo
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pr ple  e 
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l e e a   
 me
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o  whh were o

u reao able  vew of
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he lba a ba

er o a
g5
h. Vhe Cour
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he allege rgh
of 
erve
o a

he ma fe
a
o of a pol of fore whh a o
f  a plae 

er a
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o of elf-help
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e af
er
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or a
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e ua
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o of
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e K gom. Bu

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for

er a
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he orga 
he Cour
mu
elare

ha

he a
o of
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u
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.
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Fre h age
 e
roe a Gree peae Y

l veel
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e
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ure Fre h age
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er of
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ha
age
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e u er 
  
ru
o  &
prome repara
o . Dpu
e over Fra e
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 lam for ompe a
o . Vhe U? Sere
ar-Ge eral'
rul g requre Fra e
o pa US $7 mllo
o ?ew Zeala  a 
o
u er
ake o

o
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rae w
h
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8 


28 3
US Emba & 
aff  Yra were ee b pro
e
or w
hou

Yra a au
hor
e a

emp
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5

85 !28+

5
3
U o Brge lam amage ar g ou
of
he removal of
he
ma
eral from Por
Elabe
h
o
he Ymperal l
ar alwa
Bloemfo
e  b arro 
he 
orekeeper of
he Cape Gov


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 w
hou

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e e for a roa
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a ralwa brge. Vhe o g me
of
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o
Blomfo
e wa a wro gful 
erfere e w
h eu
ral proper
 a 

wa w
h arro
 u
 a ralwa 
orekeeper
o forwar
ma
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8
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h were
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e b a offal oul ever be
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 lear
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Page 2
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al rela
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a
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o of
he law 
he Me a Co ve
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ual o e
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he hea
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o
he reev g 
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e (S) a 
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fr

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o

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o  (g967).
Vhe hea of a o ular po
 am

e
o
he exere of h
fu 
o  b a au
hora
o from
he S
erme a YY.  .
Vhere  o prerbe form. S ma a
a 
me o
f
he e  g

a
e (SS)
ha

he o ular offer  Y 
  or
ha
a 
o
her member of
he o ular 
aff  o
aep
able. SS hall e
her
reall or
erm a
e h fu 
o  w
h
he o ular po
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g.repree
 g e  g S
a
e (SS)  reev g S
a
e (S);
2. pro
e
 g  S
he 
ere
 of
he SS & 
 a
o al
3. ego
a
 g w
h S
Gover me

4. aer
a  g b all lawful mea  o 
o  & ev

  S
& repor
 g
o
he Gov

of
he SS; (L epo age; allowe
f o
mae avalable elewhere)
5. promo
 g fre l rela
o  be
wee
he SS &
he S &
evelop g
her eo om ul
ural & e
f rela
o .
2. ?o
h g here hall be o 
rue a preve
 g
he
performa e of o ular fu 
o  b a ploma
 mo .

- .&'c"' Y- .c
'/c2c
(a) pro
e
 g 
ere
 of SS 
 a
o al bo
h  vual & boe
orpora
e
(b) fur
her g ev

of ommeral eo om ul
ural & e
f rela
o  &
promo
 g fre l rela
o  be
wee SS & S
() aer
a  g b all lawful mea  o 
o  & ev

  S
ommeral
eo om ul
ural & e
f lfe repor
 g
o SS & gv g  fo
o pero 

ere
e;
() u g papor
 &
ravel oume

o SS a
o al & va or
oume

o pero  wh g
o
ravel
o SS;
(e) help g & a
 g a
o al of SS;
(f) a
 g a o
ar vl reg
rar  mlar apa
e & perform g er
a
fu 
o  of a am 
ra
ve a
ure o
o
rar
o S law
(g) afeguar g 
ere
 of SS a
o al  ueo    S
per law of S
(h) afeguar g per S law 
ere
 of m or & pero  lak g full
apa
 who are a
o al of SS
() per S proeure repree
 g or arra g g repree
a
o for SS
a
o al before S
rbu al & au
hor
e
o ge
provo al meaure for
preerva
o of rgh
 & 
ere
 of abe
a
o al
(j)
ra m

 g jual & ex
rajual oume
 or exeu
 g le

er
roga
or or ommo 
o
ake eve e for SS our

(k) exer g rgh
 of upervo &  pe
o per law of SS  repe
of
SS
veel & arraf
& rew
(l) ex
e  g a
a e
o veel & arraf
 (k) &
o
her rew
ak g

a
eme
 regar g
he voage exam  g & 
amp g
he hp' paper
& w
hou
prejue
o
he power of S au
hor
e o u
 g
 ve
ga
o  
o a   e
 ur g
he voage & e

l g pu
e of
a  k  be
wee
he ma
er offer & eame per SS law
(m) perform g fu 
o  e
ru
e
o a o ular po
b SS o
prohb
e
b S law or o
obje
e
o b S 
he agreeme


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g. ea of mo are ve 
o 3 lae
g. ambaaor or u o are
e
o ea of S
a
e
& o
her hea of mo of equvale
ra k;
2. e vo m 
er & 
er u o are
e
o ea
of S
a
e;
3. harge 'affare are
e
o  
er for Foreg
ffar.
2. Exep
a o er  preee e & e
que

e
here hall
be o ffere
a
o be
wee hea of mo b reao
of
her la.
'/cg3c
g. ea of mo hall
ake preee e 
her
repe
ve lae 
he orer of
he a
e a 
me of

ak g up
her fu 
o   aora e w
h r
le g3.
2. l
era
o  
he ree
al of a hea of mo o

 volv g a  ha ge of la hall o
affe
h
preee e.
3. Vh ar
le  w
hou
prejue
o a  pra
e aep
e
b
he S regar g
he preee e of
he repree
a
ve of

he ol See.

'/c2c
g. SS ma af
er 
ha gve ue o
fa
o
o S
o er e are
a hea of mo or ag a 
member of
he ploma
 
aff
o more
ha g S
a
e u le

here  expre obje
o b a  of
he S.
2. Yf SS are
 a hea of mo
o g or more o
her S
a
e

ma e
ablh a ploma
 mo heae b a harge
'affare a 
erm  eah S
a
e where
he hea of
mo ha o
h perma e
ea
.
3. hea of mo or a  member of
he ploma
 
aff
of
he mo ma a
a repree
a
ve of
he SS
o a  YO.
c
'/c3c
Vwo or more S
a
e ma are

he ame pero a hea
of mo
o a o
her S
a
e u le obje
o  offere b

he S.
'/cg+c
g. Yf
he po
of hea of
he mo  vaa
 or f
he hea
of
he mo  u able
o perform h fu 
o  a harge
'affare a 
erm hall a
provo all a hea of
he
mo . Vhe ame of
he harge 'affare a 
erm hall
be o
fe e
her b
he hea of
he mo or  ae he
 u able
o o o b
he  
r for Foreg ffar of
he
SS
o
he  
r for Foreg ffar of
he S or uh o
her
m 
r a ma be agree.
2. Y ae where o member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he
mo  pree

he reev g S
a
e a member of
he
am 
ra
ve a 
eh al 
aff ma w
h
he o e
of

he S be eg a
e b
he SS
o be  harge of
he
urre
am 
ra
ve affar of
he mo .

'/c+c
g. S ma a
a 
me & w
hou
hav g
o expla 

eo  o
f SS
ha

he hea of
he mo or a 
member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he mo  Y 

Page 32 of g *
'/c+c
g. ea of o ular po
 are ve 
o 4 lae
(a) o ul-ge eral;
(b) o ul;
() ve-o ul;
() o ular age
.
2. Par. g of
h r
.  o wa re
r

he rgh
of a  of
he Co
ra
 g
Par
e
o fx
he eg a
o of o ular offer o
her
ha
he hea of
o ular po
.

'/cg3c
g. ea of o ular po
 hall ra k  eah la aor g
o
he a
e of

he gra
of
he exequa
ur.
2. Yf
he hea before ob
a  g
he exequa
ur
 am

e
o
he exere of h fu 
o  provo all h preee e
hall be e
erm e aor g
o
he a
e of
he provo al amo ;
h
preee e hall be ma
a e af
er
he gra
 g of
he exequa
ur.
3. Orer of preee e a be
wee 2 or more hea who ob
a e
he
exequa
ur or provo al amo o
he ame a
e hall be e
erm e
per
he a
e o whh
her ommo  or mlar  
rume
 or
he
o
fa
o  referre
o  par. 3 of r
. gg were pree
e
o S.
4. 
 g hea of po
 hall ra k af
er all hea &
a be
wee
hemelve ra k aor g
o
he a
e
he aume fu 
o 
a a
 g hea per 
he
o
fa
o  gve u er par. 2 of r
. g5.
5. o orar o ular offer who are hea hall ra k  eah la af
er
areer hea 
he orer & per rule la ow 
he forego g paragraph.
6. ea hall have preee e over o ular offer o
hav g
ha

a
u.
'/cg
c
Vwo or more S
a
e ma w
h
he o e
of S appo

he ame pero a
a o ular offer 
ha
S
a
e.

'/cg2c
g. Yf
he hea of a o ular po
 u able
o arr ou
h fu 
o  or
he
po
o of hea of o ular po
 vaa
 a a
 g hea of po
ma a

provo all a hea of
he o ular po
.
2. Vhe full ame of
he a
 g hea of po
hall be o
fe e
her b
he
ploma
 mo of
he SS or f
ha
S
a
e ha o uh mo 
he S
b
he hea of
he o ular po
 or f he  u able
o o o b a 
ompe
e
au
hor
 of
he SS
o
he  
r for Foreg ffar of
he S
or
o
he au
hor
 eg a
e b
ha
 
r.  a ge eral rule
h
o
fa
o hall be gve  ava e. S ma make
he amo a a
 g
hea of po
of a pero who  e
her a ploma
 age
or a o ular
offer of
he SS 
he S o 
o al o 
 o e
.
3. Vhe ompe
e
au
hor
e of
he S hall affor a
a e
a  pro
e
o
o
he a
 g hea of po
. Whle he   harge of
he po


he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o hm o
he ame
ba a
o
he hea of
he o ular po
o er e. S hall o
 however
be oblge
o gra

o a a
 g hea of po
a  fal
 prvlege or
mmu 
 whh
he hea of
he o ular po
e jo o l ubje

o
o 
o  o
fulflle b
he a
 g hea of po
.
4. Whe  
he rum
a e referre
o  paragraph g of
h r
le a
member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he ploma
 mo of
he SS 
he S
 eg a
e b
he SS a a
a
 g hea of po
 he hall f
he S oe o
obje


here
o o
 ue
o e jo ploma
 prvlege a  mmu 
e.
'/c) c
g. S ma a
a 
me o
f SS
ha
a o ular offer  Y 
 
or
ha
a  o
her member of
he o ular 
aff  o
aep
able. SS hall
e
her reall
he pero or
erm a
e h fu 
o  w
h
he o ular po
.


c cc  c9 c 



  or
ha
a  o
her member of
he 
aff of
he

mo  o
aep
able. SS hall e
her reall
he pero
or
erm a
e h fu 
o  w
h
he mo . pero ma
be elare 
  or o
aep
able before arrv g 
S

err
or.
2. Yf SS refue or fal w
h a reao able pero
o arr
ou

 oblga
o  u er par. g S ma refue
o reog e

he pero a a member of
he mo .

"1 
c
 c
cDc
$ c

'/c 3c
g. S hall perm
e
r of & gra
exemp
o from all
u
om u
e
axe a  rela
e harge o
her
ha
harge for 
orage ar
age a  mlar erve o
g. ar
le for
he offal ue of
he mo ;
2. ar
le for
he pero al ue of a ploma
 age
or
member of h faml form g par
of h houehol
 lu g ar
le 
e e for h e
ablhme
.
2. Vhe pero al baggage of a ploma
 age
hall be
exemp
from  pe
o  u le
here are erou grou 
for preum g
ha

o
a  ar
le o
overe b
he
exemp
o  me
o e  paragraph g of
h r
le or
ar
le
he mpor
or expor
of whh  prohb
e b
he
law or o
rolle b
he quara
 e regula
o  of
he S.
Suh  pe
o hall be o u
e o l 
he pree e of

he ploma
 age
or of h au
hore repree
a
ve.

1c
1 
c

'/c c
ploma
 age
hall be exemp
from all ue &
axe
pero al or real a
o al rego al or mu pal exep

g.  re

axe of a k  whh are ormall  orpora
e

he pre of goo or erve;
2. ue &
axe o prva
e mmovable proper
  S

err
or u le he hol 
o behalf of
he SS for
he
purpoe of
he mo ;
3. e
a
e ueo or  her
a e u
e leve b
he S
ubje

o par. 4 of r
le 39;
4. ue &
axe o prva
e  ome hav g 
 oure 
he
S & ap
al
axe o  ve
me
 mae  ommeral
u er
ak g 
he S;
5. harge leve for pef erve re ere;
6. reg
ra
o  our
or reor fee mor
gage ue a 

amp u
 WYV EGD VO mmovable proper
 ubje


o
he provo  of r
le 23.
c
'/c) c
g. SS &
he hea of
he mo hall be exemp
from all
a
o al rego al or mu pal ue &
axe  repe
of

he preme of
he mo  whe
her ow e or leae
o
her
ha uh a repree
pame
for pef erve
re ere.
2. Vh exemp
o hall o
appl
o uh ue &
axe
paable u er S law b pero  o
ra
 g w
h SS or
he
hea of
he mo .
'/c)*c
Vhe mo a  
 hea hall have
he rgh

o ue
he flag
a  emblem of
he e  g S
a
e o
he preme of
he
mo   lu g
he ree e of
he hea of
he mo 
a  o h mea  of
ra por
.

&cc..@cc

Dc  c

Y


c
c
c

'/c))c
g. Preme of
he mo hall be  volable. Vhe age
 of

he S ma o
e
er
hem exep
w
h
he o e
of
he
hea of
he mo .
2. S  u er a peal u

o
ake all appropra
e 
ep
o
pro
e

he preme of
he mo aga 
a  
ruo or
amage a 
o preve
a  
urba e of
he peae of
he

Page 33 of g *
2. Yf SS refue or fal w
h a reao able
me
o arr
ou

 oblga
o  u er par. S ma e
her w
hraw
he exequa
ur from

he pero or eae
o o er hm a a member of
he o ular 
aff.
3. pero appo
e a a member of a o ular po
ma be elare
u aep
able before arrv g 
he
err
or of S or f alrea  S before
e
er g o h u
e w
h
he
o ular po
. SS hall w
hraw h appo
me
.
4. Y ae  par. g & 3 of
h r
le S  o
oblge
o gve
o SS reao 
for 
 eo .
'/c2*c
g. S hall perm
e
r of & gra
exemp
o from all u
om
u
e
axe & rela
e harge o
her
ha harge for 
orage ar
age &
mlar erve o
(a) ar
le for
he offal ue of
he o ular po
;
(b) ar
le for
he pero al ue of a o ular offer or member of h
faml form g par
of h houehol  lu g ar
le 
e e for h
e
ablhme
. Vhe ar
le 
e e for o ump
o hall o
exee
he
qua

e eear for re
u
la
o b
he pero  o er e.
2. Co ular emploee hall e jo
he prvlege & exemp
o  pefe 
paragraph g of
h r
le  repe
of ar
le mpor
e a

he
me of fr

 
alla
o .
3. Pero al baggage aompa  g o ular offer & member of
her
famle form g par
of
her houehol hall be exemp
from  pe
o . Y

ma be  pe
e o l f
here  erou reao
o beleve
ha

o
a 
ar
le o
her
ha
hoe referre
o  ub-paragraph (b) of paragraph g of

h r
le or ar
le
he mpor
or expor
of whh 
prohb
e b
he law a  regula
o  of
he S or whh are
ubje

o 
 quara
 e law a  regula
o . Suh  pe
o hall be
arre ou

he pree e of
he o ular offer or member of h faml
o er e.
'/c+c
g. Co ular offer a  o ular emploee a  member of
her famle
form g par
of
her houehol hall be exemp
from all ue a 
axe
pero al or real a
o al rego al or mu pal exep

(a)  re

axe of a k  whh are ormall  orpora
e 
he pre of
goo or erve;
(b) ue or
axe o prva
e mmovable proper
 
ua
e 
he
err
or of
S ubje

o
he provo  of r
le 32;
() e
a
e ueo or  her
a e u
e a  u
e o
ra fer leve b

he S ubje

o
he provo  of paragraph (b) of r
le 5g;
() ue a 
axe o prva
e  ome  lu g ap
al ga  hav g 

oure 
he S a  ap
al
axe rela
 g
o  ve
me
 mae 
ommeral or f a al u er
ak g S;
(e) harge leve for pef erve re ere;
(f) reg
ra
o  our
or reor fee mor
gage ue a  
amp u
e
ubje

o
he provo  of r
le 32.
2. ember of
he erve 
aff hall be exemp
from ue a 
axe o
he
wage whh
he reeve for
her erve.
3. ember of
he o ular po
who emplo pero  whoe wage or
alare are o
exemp
from  ome
ax 
he S hall oberve
he
oblga
o  whh
he law a  regula
o  of
ha
S
a
e mpoe upo
emploer o er  g
he lev g of  ome
ax.

'
$c)+c
g. Vhe SS hall have
he rgh

o
he ue of 
 a
o al flag & oa
-of-arm 

he S per provo  of
h r
le.
2. Vhe a
o al flag of
he SS ma be flow & 
 oa
-of-arm plae o

he bul g oupe b
he o ular po
& a

he e
ra e oor
hereof
o
he ree e of
he hea of
he o ular po
& o h mea  of

ra por
whe ue o offal bu e.
3. Y
he exere of
h rgh
 regar hall be ha
o
he law regula
o 
a  uage of
he S.
'/c gc
g. Co ular preme hall be  volable
o ex
e
here prove.
2. S au
hor
e hall o
e
er
ha
par
of
he o ular preme whh 
ue exluvel for
he purpoe of
he work of
he o ular po
exep

w
h
he o e
of
he hea of
he o ular po
or of h eg ee or of
he
hea of
he ploma
 mo . Suh o e
ma be aume  ae of fre
or o
her a
er requr g promp
pro
e
ve a
o .


c cc  c9 c 


mo or mparme
of 
 g 
.

3. Preme of
he mo  fur h g & o
her proper


hereo &
he mea  of
ra por
of
he mo hall be
mmu e from earh requ
o  a

ahme
or exeu
o .

"cc
$
c

1c
1 
cc
cDc
$c
Y


c
c
A
$c

'/c *c
g. Prva
e ree e of a ploma
 age
hall e jo
he
ame  volabl
 & pro
e
o a
he preme of
he
mo .
2.  paper orrepo e e & exep
a  par. 3 of r
.
3g proper
 hall alo e jo  volabl
.c
'/c c
Vhe fu 
o of a ploma
 age
ome
o a e   Y 
+
g. o o
fa
o b SS
o S
ha

he fu 
o of
he
ploma
 age
ha ome
o a e ;
2. o o
fa
o b S
o SS
ha
  aora e w
h par. 2
of r
le 9 
refue
o reog e
he ploma
 age
a a
member of
he mo .c
'/c)
c
Vhe fee a  harge leve b
he mo 
he oure of

 offal u
e hall be exemp
from all ue a 
axe.
c

'/c)+c
Vhe pero of a ploma
 age
hall be  volable. e
hall o
be lable
o a  form of arre
or e
e
o . Vhe
reev g S
a
e hall
rea
hm w
h ue repe
a  hall

ake all appropra
e 
ep
o preve
a  a

ak o h
pero  freeom or g 
.
c

Y 
c
 c


$
Ec
1$
c

'/c gc
g. ploma
 age
hall e jo mmu 
 from
he
rm al jur
o of S. e hall alo e jo mmu 

from 
 vl a  am 
ra
ve jur
o  exep

he
ae of
g. a real a
o rela
 g
o prva
e mmovable proper


ua
e  S
err
or u le he hol 
o behalf of SS for
purpoe of
he mo ;
2. a a
o rela
 g
o ueo  whh
he ploma

age
  volve a exeu
or am 
ra
or her or lega
ee
a a prva
e pero & o
o behalf of SS;
3. a a
o rela
 g
o a  profeo al or ommeral
a
v
 exere b
he ploma
 age
 S ou
e h
offal fu 
o .
2. ploma
 age
 o
oblge
o gve eve e a a
w
e.
3. ?o meaure of exeu
o ma be
ake  repe
of a
ploma
 age
exep

he ae u er here ub-par.
(a) (b) & () of par. g & prove
ha
uh meaure a
be
ake w
hou
 fr g g
he  volabl
 of h pero or
ree e.

Page 3J of g *
3. Subje

o par 2 of
h r
le S  u er a peal u

o
ake all
appropra
e 
ep
o pro
e

he o ular preme aga 
a  
ruo or
amage a 
o preve
a  
urba e of
he peae of
he o ular po
or
mparme
of 
 g 
.
4. Co ular preme fur h g proper
 of
he o ular po
& 
 mea 
of
ra por
hall be mmu e from a  form of requ
o for purpoe of
a
o al efe e or publ u
l
. Yf expropra
o  eear for uh
purpoe all poble 
ep hall be
ake
o avo mpe g performa e of
o ular fu 
o  & promp
 aequa
e & effe
ve ompe a
o hall be
pa
o
he SS.
'/c)2c
Vhe fu 
o  of a member of a o ular po
hall ome
o a e   Y +
(a) o o
fa
o b SS
o S
ha
h fu 
o  have ome
o a e ;
(b) o w
hrawal of
he exequa
ur;
() o o
fa
o b S
o SS
ha

he S ha eae
o o er hm a a
member of
he o ular 
aff.

'/c +c
g. Vhe o ular po
ma lev  S
err
or
he fee & harge prove b
SS law for o ular a
.
2. Vhe um olle
e 
he form of
he fee & harge  par. g of
h
r
le &
he reep
 for uh fee & harge hall be exemp
from all ue
&
axe 
he S.
'/c*c
S hall
rea
o ular offer w
h ue repe
& hall
ake all appropra
e

ep
o preve
a  a

ak o
her pero  freeom or g 
.
'/cgc
g. Co ular offer hall o
be lable
o arre
or e
e
o pe  g
ral
exep

he ae of a grave rme a  purua

o a eo b
he
ompe
e
jual au
hor
.
2. Exep

he ae pefe  par. g of
h r
le o ular
offer hall o
be omm

e
o pro or lable
o a  o
her form of
re
r
o o
her pero al freeom ave  exeu
o of a jual eo
of f al effe
.
3. Yf rm al proee g are  

u
e aga 
a o ular offer he mu

appear before
he ompe
e
au
hor
e. ?ever
hele
he proee g
hall be o u
e w
h
he repe
ue
o hm b reao of h offal
po
o & exep

he ae pefe  par. g of
h r
le  a ma er
whh wll hamper
he exere of o ular fu 
o  a l

le a poble.
Whe  
he rum
a e  par. g of
h r
le 
ha beome eear

o e
a a o ular offer
he proee g aga 
hm hall be  

u
e
w
h
he m mum of ela.
'/c)c
Y
he eve
of
he arre
or e
e
o  pe  g
ral of a member of
he
o ular 
aff or of rm al proee g be g  

u
e aga 
hm S
hall promp
l o
f
he hea of
he o ular po
. Shoul
he la

er be
hmelf
he obje
of uh meaure S hall o
f SS
hrough
he ploma

ha el.
'/c c
g. Co ular offer & o ular emploee hall o
be ame able
o
he
jur
o of
he jual or am 
ra
ve au
hor
e of S  repe
of
a
 performe 
he exere of o ular fu 
o .
2. Vhe provo  of par. g of
h r
le hall o
 however appl  repe

of a vl a
o e
her
(a) ar g ou
of a o
ra
o lue b a o ular offer or a o ular
emploee  whh he  o
o
ra
exprel or mplel a a age
of

he e  g S
a
e; or
(b) b a
hr par
 for amage ar g from a ae
 S aue b a
vehle veel or arraf
.


c cc  c9 c 


(
cc


c

.cDccc



cDc


c

$cc
.cc

c
c

4. Suh mmu 
 from S jur
o oe o
exemp
hm

from SS jur
o .c
'/c )c
g. Vhe mmu 
 from jur
o of ploma
 age
 & of
pero  e jo g mmu 
 u er r
le 37 ma be wave
b SS.
2. Waver mu
alwa be expre.
3. Y 
a
o of proee g b a ploma
 age
or b a
pero e jo g mmu 
 from jur
o u er r
le 37
hall prelue hm from  vok g mmu 
 from jur
o
 repe
of a  ou
er-lam re
l o e
e w
h
he
pr pal lam.
4. Waver of mmu 
 from jur
o  repe
of vl or
am 
ra
ve proee g hall o
be hel
o mpl waver
of mmu 
  repe
of
he exeu
o of
he jugme
 for
whh a epara
e waver hall be eear.c
'/c +c
g. Ever pero e

le
o prvlege & mmu 
e hall
e jo
hem from
he mome
he e
er S
err
or o
proee g
o
ake up h po
or f alrea  

err
or
from
he mome
whe h appo
me
 o
fe
o
he
 
r for Foreg ffar or uh o
her m 
r a ma be
agree.
2. Whe
he fu 
o  of a pero e jo g prvlege &
mmu 
e have ome
o a e  uh prvlege &
mmu 
e hall ormall eae a

he mome
whe he
leave
he ou
r or o expr of a reao able pero 
whh
o o o bu
hall ub
u
l
ha

me eve  ae
of arme o fl
. Bu
 WYV EGD VO a
 performe b
uh a pero 
he exere of h fu 
o  a a member
of
he mo  mmu 
 hall o
 ue
o ub
.
3. Y ae of
he ea
h of a member of
he mo 
he
member of h faml hall o
 ue
o e jo
he prvlege
& mmu 
e
o whh
he are e

le u
l
he expr of a
reao able pero  whh
o leave
he ou
r.
4. Y
he eve
of
he ea
h of a member of
he mo o

a a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 S or a member of
h faml form g par
of h houehol S hall perm

he
w
hrawal of
he movable proper
 of
he eeae
exep
a  proper
 aqure 
he ou
r
he expor
of
whh wa prohb
e a

he
me of h ea
h. E
a
e
ueo &  her
a e u
e hall o
be leve o
movable proper

he pree e of whh  S wa ue
olel
o
he pree e
here of
he eeae a a member
of
he mo or a a member of
he faml of a member of

he mo .c
'/cgc
g. W
hou
prejue
o
her prvlege & mmu 
e 


he u
 of all pero  e jo g uh prvlege &
mmu 
e
o repe
S law. Vhe have a u
 o

o

erfere 
he 
er al affar of
ha
S
a
e.
2. ll offal bu e w
h S e
ru
e
o
he mo b SS
hall be o u
e w
h or
hrough
he  
r for Foreg
ffar of S or uh o
her m 
r a ma be agree.
3. Preme of
he mo mu
o
be ue  a  ma er
 ompa
ble w
h fu 
o  of
he mo per
he
Co ve
o  rule of ge eral YL or peal agreeme

be
wee
he SS & S.c
'/c)c
ploma
 age
hall o
 S pra
e for pero al
prof
a  profeo al or ommeral a
v
.
c

' c
$
$c

'/cc
S mu
 eve  ae of arme o fl
 gra
fal
e 
orer
o e able pero  e jo g prvlege & mmu 
e
o
her
ha S a
o al & member of
he famle of uh

Page 3
of g *

'/c2c
g. SS ma wave WYV EGD VO a member of
he o ular po
 a  of

he prvlege & mmu 
e prove for  r
. 4g 43 & 44.
2. Vhe waver hall  all ae be expre exep
a  par. 3 of
h r
le &
hall be ommu a
e
o S  wr
 g.
3. Vhe  
a
o of proee g b a o ular offer or a o ular emploee
 a ma

er where he mgh
e jo mmu 
 from jur
o u er r
le
43 hall prelue hm from  vok g mmu 
 from jur
o  repe
of
a  ou
er-lam re
l o e
e w
h
he pr pal lam.
4. Vhe waver of mmu 
 from jur
o for
he purpoe of vl or
am 
ra
ve proee g hall o
be eeme
o mpl
he waver of
mmu 
 from
he meaure of exeu
o reul
 g from
he jual
eo ;  repe
of uh meaure a epara
e waver hall be eear.
'/c2 c
g. Ever member of
he o ular po
hall e jo here prvlege &
mmu 
e from
he mome
he e
er S
err
or o proee g
o
ake
up h po
or f alrea  

err
or from
he mome
whe he e
er o
h u
e w
h
he o ular po
.
2. ember of
he faml of a member of
he o ular po
form g par
of
h houehol & member of h prva
e 
aff hall reeve
he prvlege &
mmu 
e from
he a
e from whh he e jo prvlege & mmu 
e per
par. g of
h r
le or from
he a
e of
her e
r 
o S
err
or or from

he a
e of
her beom g a member of uh faml or prva
e 
aff
whhever 
he la
e
.
3. Whe
he fu 
o  of a member of
he o ular po
have ome
o a
e  h h faml
 h prva
e 
aff
 prvlege & hall ormall eae a


he mome
whe
he pero o er e leave S or o
he expr of a
reao able pero  whh
o o o whhever 
he oo er bu
hall
ub
u
l
ha

me eve  ae of arme o fl
. Y
he ae of
he
pero   par. 2 of
h r
le prvlege & mmu 
e hall ome
o a e 
whe
he eae
o belo g
o
he houehol or
o be 
he erve of a
member of
he o ular po
 prove
ha
f uh pero  
e  leav g
S w
h a reao able pero
hereaf
er
her prvlege & mmu 
e hall
ub
u
l
he
me of
her epar
ure.
4. Bu
 WYV EGD VO a
 performe b a o ular offer or a o ular
emploee 
he exere of h fu 
o  mmu 
 from jur
o hall
o
 ue
o ub
w
hou
lm
a
o of
me.
5. Y
he eve
of
he ea
h of a member of
he o ular po

he member
of h faml form g par
of h houehol hall o
 ue
o e jo
he
prvlege & mmu 
e aore
o
hem u
l
he leave S or u
l
he
expr of a reao able pero e abl g
hem
o o o whhever 
he
oo er.
'/c22c
g. W
hou
prejue
o
her prvlege & mmu 
e 

he u
 of all
pero  e jo g uh prvlege & mmu 
e
o repe

he law &
regula
o  of S. Vhe alo have a u
 o

o 
erfere 
he 
er al
affar of
ha
S
a
e.
2. Vhe o ular preme hall o
be ue  a  ma er  ompa
ble w
h

he exere of o ular fu 
o .
3. Par. 2 of
h r
le hall o
exlue
he pobl
 of offe of o
her
 

u
o  or age e be g  
alle 
par
of
he bul g  whh
he o ular preme are 
ua
e prove

ha

he preme ag e
o
hem are epara
e from
hoe ue b
he
o ular po
. Y
ha
eve

he a offe hall o
be o ere
o form
par
of
he o ular preme.
'/c2Jc
g. Career o ular offer hall o
arr o for pero al prof
a 
profeo al or ommeral a
v
  S.
2. Prvlege & mmu 
e hall o
be aore
(a)
o o ular emploee or
o member of
he erve 
aff who arr o
a  prva
e ga ful oupa
o  S;
(b)
o member of
he faml of a pero referre
o  ub-par. (a)
of
h paragraph or
o member of h prva
e 
aff;
()
o member of
he faml of a member of a o ular po
who

hemelve arr o a  prva
e ga ful oupa
o  S.
'/c)3c
S hall eve  ae of arme o fl
 gra

o member of
he o ular
po
& member of
he prva
e 
aff o
her
ha S a
o al &
o member
of
her famle form g par
of
her houehol rrepe
ve of a
o al



c cc  c9 c 


"cc

c

pero  rrepe
ve of
her a
o al

o leave a

he

earle
poble mome
. Y
mu
 f eee plae a

her
poal eear mea  of
ra por
for
hemelve &

her proper
.
c
'/c2c
Yf ploma
 rela
o  are broke off be
wee 2 S
a
e or f
a mo  perma e
l or
emporarl realle
g. S mu
 eve  ae of arme o fl
 repe
& pro
e


he preme of
he mo  w
h 
 proper
 & arhve;
2. SS ma e
ru

he u
o of
he preme of
he
mo  w
h 
 proper
 & arhve
o a
hr S
a
e
aep
able
o S;
3. SS ma e
ru

he pro
e
o of 
 
ere
 & of 

a
o al
o a
hr S
a
e aep
able
o S.
c

'A
$c
c
cc.c

Ac
 c

c

c
c
c

'/c
c
g. Exep
 ofar a a
o al prvlege & mmu 
e ma
be gra
e b S a ploma
 age
who  a a
o al of or
perma e
l ree
 S hall e jo o l mmu 
 from
jur
o  &  volabl
  repe
of offal a

performe 
he exere of h fu 
o .
2. O
her member of
he 
aff of
he mo & prva
e
erva
 who are a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 S
hall e jo prvlege & mmu 
e o l
o
he ex
e

am

e b S. owever S mu
exere 
 jur
o
over
hoe pero  o a o

o 
erfere u ul w
h
he
performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he mo .

Page 3+ of g *
eear
me & fal
e
o e able
hem
o prepare
her epar
ure &
o
leave a

he earle
poble mome
af
er
he
erm a
o of
he fu 
o 
of
he member. Y
hall f eee plae a

her poal eear mea 
of
ra por
for
hemelve &
her proper
 o
her
ha proper
 aqure 
S
he expor
of whh  prohb
e a

he
me of epar
ure.
'/c)Jc
g. Y
he eve
of
he evera e of o ular rela
o  be
wee 2 S
a
e
(a) S hall eve  ae of arme o fl
 repe
& pro
e

he o ular
preme
oge
her w
h
he proper
 of
he o ular po
&
he o ular
arhve;
(b) SS ma e
ru

he u
o of
he o ular preme w
h
he proper

o
a e
here &
he o ular arhve
o a
hr S
a
e aep
able
o S;
() SS ma e
ru

he pro
e
o of 
 
ere
 & of 
 a
o al
o a
hr
S
a
e aep
able
o S.
2. Y
he eve
of
he
emporar or perma e
loure of a o ular po

ub-par. (a) of here par. g hall appl. Y a
o 
(a) f SS al
hough o
repree
e  S b a ploma
 mo  ha a o
her
o ular po

he
err
or of
ha
S
a
e
ha
o ular po
ma be
e
ru
e w
h
he u
o of
he preme of
he o ular po
whh ha
bee loe w
h
he proper
 o
a e
here &
he o ular arhve &
w
h
he o e
of S w
h
he exere of o ular fu 
o  
he 
r

of
ha
o ular po
; or
(b) f SS ha o ploma
 mo & o o
her o ular po
 S ub-par
(b) & () of par. g of
h r
le hall appl.
'/cJgc
g. Exep
 o far a a
o al fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e ma be
gra
e b S o ular offer who are a
o al of or perma e
l
ree
 S hall e jo o l mmu 
 from jur
o & pero al
 volabl
  repe
of offal a
 performe 
he exere of
her
fu 
o  &
he prvlege  par. 3 of r
le 44. So far a
hee o ular
offer are o er e S hall alo be bou  b
he oblga
o la ow 
r
le 42. Yf rm al proee g are  

u
e aga 
uh a o ular
offer
he proee g hall exep
whe he  u er arre
or e
e
o 
be o u
e  a ma er whh wll hamper
he exere of
o ular fu 
o  a l

le a poble.
2. O
her member of
he o ular po
who are a
o al of or perma e
l
ree
 S & member of
her famle &
member of
he famle of o ular offer  par. g of

h r
le hall e jo fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e o l  o far a

hee are gra
e
o
hem b S. Vhoe member of

he famle of member of
he o ular po
&
hoe member of
he
prva
e 
aff who are
hemelve a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 S
hall lkewe e jo fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e o l  o far a
hee
are gra
e
o
hem b S. S hall exere 
 jur
o over
hoe
pero   uh a wa a o

o h er u ul
he performa e of
he
fu 
o  of
he o ular po
.


c cc  c9 c 


 

cFc%
 
$c
Ecc
c
c
'
$cgc%


c
"
 cc c$c
r
. 2. Vhe e
ablhme
of ploma
 rela
o  be
wee S
a
e &
of perma e
ploma
 mo 
ake plae b mu
ual o e
.
r
. 4.
g. o ular po
ma be e
ablhe 
he
err
or of
he S o l
w
h
ha
S
a
e' o e
.
2. Vhe ea
of
he o ular po
 
 lafa
o a 
he o ular

r
hall be e
ablhe b
he SS a  hall be ubje

o
he
approval of
he S.
3. Subeque
ha ge 
he ea
of
he o ular po
 

lafa
o or
he o ular 
r
ma be mae b
he SS o l
w
h
he o e
of
he S.
4. Vhe o e
of
he S hall alo be requre f a o ula
e-ge eral
or a o ula
e ere
o ope a ve-o ula
e or a o ular age 
 a loal
 o
her
ha
ha
 whh 
 
elf e
ablhe.
5. Vhe pror expre o e
of
he S hall alo be requre for
he
ope  g of a offe form g par
of a ex
 g o ular po

elewhere
ha a

he ea

hereof.
c
.
?cc#

; Co ular S
aff D - r
. gg; C - r
. 20 ubje

o
agreeme
 S ma requre
ha

he e of a mo be kep
w
h
lm
 o ere b 

o be reao able & ormal hav g regar
o
rum
a e & o 
o   S &
o
he ee of
he par
ular
mo  & S ma equall w
h mlar bou  & o a
o rm a
or ba refue
o aep
offal of a par
ular
a
egor.


cc  cof ploma
 
aff of mo (r
. 8); of
o ular offer (r
. 22) houl  pr ple be of
he a
o al
 of
SS. Vhe ma o
be appo
e from amo g pero  hav g
he
a
o al
 of S exep
w
h
he o e
of
ha
S
a
e whh ma
be w
hraw a
a 
me. S ma reerve
he ame rgh
WYV
EGD VO a
o al of a
hr S
a
e who are o
alo a
o al of
SS.
"
  of mo (r
. g2); or o ular po
(r
. 6) mu
be
w
h o e
of
he S (whh ma allow o ular offer
o exere
fu 
o  ou
e h po
).


$
 a
o member of mo  faml of a member of
mo  prva
e erva
 (r
. g0); a
o member of o ular po

faml member form g par
of h houehol prva
e 
aff (r
. 24.
ga-] & 2)
g. S  
r for Foreg ffar or o
her m 
r a ma be
agree hall be o
fe of
g. appo
me
of _________ arrval & f al epar
ure or

erm a
o of fu 
o  w
h
he mo ;
2. arrval & f al epar
ure of a pero belo g g
o
he
__________ & where appropra
e fa

ha
a pero beome
or eae
o be a member of
he faml of a member of
he
mo ;
3. arrval & f al epar
ure of ________ of pero   par. (a) of

h paragraph & where appropra
e fa

ha

he are leav g
uh emplo;
4. e gageme
& harge of pero  ree
 S a member
______ or prva
e erva
 
aff] e

le
o prvlege &
mmu 
e.
2. Where poble pror o
fa
o of arrval & f al epar
ure hall
alo be gve .
'
$A$$ 
c
c
c$


 of
he mo (r
.
2g); of
he o ular po
(r
. 30) S hall e
her fal
a
e

Page J* of g *

aqu
o o 

err
or b SS of preme eear for _____ or

a

he la

er  ob
a  g ome o
her aommoa
o   lu g

hoe for 
 member.
Y


cc$
cDc$  of mo (r
. 24); o ular
po
(r
. 33) a
a 
me wherever
he are
c$


of
he mo (r
. 25); o ular po
(r
. 28) S
hall aor full fal
e for
he performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he
_________.
 cc  cc   of
he mo (r
. 26);
o ular po
(r
. 34)
Subje

o 
 law a  regula
o  o er  g o e e
r 
o
whh  prohb
e or regula
e for reao  of a
o al eur

he
S hall e ure freeom of moveme
&
ravel  

err
or
o all
member of
he ______.
 cc$ 
$
 of
hemo (r
. 27); o ular po

(r
. 35)
g. S hall perm
& pro
e
freeom of ommu a
o o
he par

of
he mo o ular po
] for all offal purpoe. Y
ommu a
 g w
h
he Gover me

he ploma
 mo  &
o
her o ula
e o ular po
] wherever 
ua
e of
he e  g
S
a
e
he mo o ular po
] ma emplo all appropra
e
mea   lu g ploma
 or o ular ourer] ploma
 or
o ular bag] a  meage  oe or pher. owever
he
mo o ular po
] ma  
all & ue a wrele
ra m

er o l
w
h
he o e
of S.
2. Vhe offal orrepo e e of
he mo o ular po
] hall be
 volable. Offal orrepo e e mea  all orrepo e e
rela
 g
o
he mo o ular po
] a  
 fu 
o .
3. Vhe ploma
 o ular] bag hall be e
her ope e or
e
a e. ?ever
hele f
he ompe
e
au
hor
e of S have
erou reao
o beleve
ha

he bag o
a  ome
h g o
her

ha
he orrepo e e oume
 or ar
le referre
o  par. 4
of
h r
le
he ma reque

ha

he bag be ope e 
her
pree e b a au
hore repree
a
ve of SS. Yf
h reque

refue b
he au
hor
e of SS
he bag hall be re
ur e
o 

plae of org .
4. Vhe pakage o 

u
 g
he ploma
 o ular] bag hall bear
vble ex
er al mark of
her hara
er & ma o
a o l offal
orrepo e e & oume
 or ar
le 
e e exluvel for
offal ue.
5. Vhe ploma
 o ular] ourer hall be prove w
h a offal
oume
 a
 g h 
a
u &
he umber of pakage
o 

u
 g
he ploma
 o ular] bag. Exep
w
h S
o e

he hall be e
her a S a
o al or u le he  a SS a
o al a
perma e
S ree
. Y
he performa e of h fu 
o  he hall
be pro
e
e b
he S. e hall e jo pero al  volabl
 & hall
o
be lable
o a  form of arre
or e
e
o .
6. SS 
 ploma
 mo  
 o ular po
] ma eg a
e
ploma
 o ular] ourer a ho. Y uh ae par. 5 of
h
r
le hall alo appl exep

ha

he mmu 
e me
o e hall
eae
o appl whe uh a ourer ha elvere
o
he o g ee

he ploma
 o ular] bag  h harge.
7. ploma
 o ular] bag ma be e
ru
e
o
he ap
a of a
hp or of a ommeral arraf
heule
o la  a
a au
hore
por
of e
r. e hall be prove w
h a offal oume

 a
 g
he umber of pakage o 

u
 g
he bag bu
he hall
o
be o ere
o be a ploma
 o ular] ourer. B
arra geme
w
h
he appropra
e loal au
hor
e
he ploma

o ular] po
ma e  o e of 
 member
o
ake poeo of

he bag re
l & freel from
he ap
a of
he hp or of
he
arraf
.


c cc  c9 c 


.$
c$
c1 
 for a ploma
 age
(r
. 33); member
of
he o ular po
(r
. 48)
g. Subje

o par. 3 of
h r
le _______ WYV EGD VO
erve re ere b
hem for
he SS & member of
her famle
form g par
of
her houehol] hall be exemp
from oal
eur
 provo  whh ma be  fore 
he S.
2. Vhe exemp
o  par. g of
h r
le hall appl alo
o member
of
he prva
e erva
 
aff] who are 
he ole emplo of a
_________ o o 
o
(a)
ha

he are o
a
o al of or perma e
l ree

he S;
&
(b)
ha

he are overe b
he oal eur
 provo  whh are
 fore 
he SS or a
hr S
a
e.
3. ________ who emplo pero 
o whom
he exemp
o  par. 2
of
h r
le oe o
appl hall oberve
he oblga
o  whh
he
oal eur
 provo  of
he S mpoe upo emploer.
4. Vhe exemp
o  par. g & 2 of
h r
le hall o
prelue
volu
ar par
pa
o 
he oal eur
 
em of
he S
prove
ha
uh par
pa
o  perm

e b
ha
S
a
e.
5. Vhe provo  of
h r
le hall o
affe
bla
eral or
mul
la
eral agreeme
 o er  g oal eur
 o lue
prevoul & hall o
preve

he o luo of uh agreeme
 

he fu
ure. par. 5  o
 C]
"1 
c c

c
$ of ploma
 age
 (r
. 35);
member of
he o ular po
& member of
he famle form g
par
of
her houehol (r
. 52) S hall exemp
_______ from all
pero al erve from all publ erve of a  k  wha
oever &
from ml
ar oblga
o  uh a
hoe o e
e w
h
requ
o  g ml
ar o
rbu
o  & blle
 g.
Y


c
cc 
c. of a ploma
 age
(r
. 40); o ular
offer (r
. 54)
g. Yf a ______ pae
hrough or  
he
err
or of a
hr S
a
e
whh ha gra
e hm a va f a va wa eear whle
proee g
o
ake up or re
ur
o h po
or whe re
ur  g
o
he
SS
he
hr S
a
e hall aor
o hm  volabl
 & all mmu 
e
prove for b
he o
her r
le of
he pree
Co ve
o a ma
be requre
o e ure h
ra 
or re
ur . Vhe ame hall appl 

he ae of a  member of h faml form g par
of h houehol]
e jo g uh prvlege & mmu 
e who are aompa  g
he
_______ or
ravel g epara
el
o jo hm or
o re
ur
o
he SS.
2. Y rum
a e mlar
o
hoe pefe  paragraph g of
h
r
le
hr S
a
e hall o
h er
he
ra 

hrough
her

err
or of o
her member of
he am 
ra
ve &
eh al or
erve 
aff of a mo o ular po
] or of member of
her
famle form g par
of
her houehol]
hrough
her
err
ore.
3. Vhr S
a
e hall aor
o offal orrepo e e &
o o
her
offal ommu a
o  
ra 
  lu g meage  oe or
pher
he ame freeom a  pro
e
o a
he S  bou 
o
aor u er
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe hall aor
o
ploma
 o ular] ourer who have bee gra
e a va f a va
wa eear &
o o ular bag 
ra 

he ame  volabl
 &
pro
e
o a
he S  bou 
o aor u er
he pree

Co ve
o .
4. Vhe oblga
o  of
hr S
a
e u er par g 2 & 3 hall alo appl

o
he pero  me
o e repe
vel 
hoe paragraph &
o
offal ommu a
o  &
o ploma
 o ular] bag whoe
pree e 
he
err
or of
he
hr S
a
e  ue
o
 Y#Y Y."


c$

$cc$c
%
 
$c
c
'cc
g. SS mu
e ure
ha

he agrme
of S ha bee gve for
he

Page Jg of g *

pero 
propoe
o are
a hea of
he mo
o
ha
S
a
e.

2. S  o
oblge
o gve reao 
o
he SS for a refual of
agrme
.
'cJ. Subje

o r
 5 8 9 & gg SS ma freel appo

he
member of
he 
aff of
he mo . Y
he ae of ml
ar aval or
ar a

ahe S ma requre
her ame
o be ubm

e
beforeha  for 
 approval.
'cg c
g. ea of
he mo
ake up h fu 
o  
he S e
her whe
he ha pree
e h ree
al or whe he ha o
fe h arrval
& a
rue op of h ree
al ha bee pree
e
o
he  
r
for Foreg ffar of
he S or uh m 
r a ma be agree per

he pra
e 
he S whh hall be apple  a u form ma er.
2. Orer of pree
a
o of ree
al or of a
rue op wll be
e
erm e b a
e &
me of
he arrval of
he hea.
'c Jc
g. Faml member of a D form g par
of h houehol hall f

he are o
a
o al of
he S e jo
he prvlege & mmu 
e 
r
 29
o 36.
2. ember of
he am 
ra
ve &
eh al 
aff w
h faml
member form g par
of
her houehol f o
a
o al of or
perma e
l ree
 S e jo
he prvlege & mmu 
e  r

29
o 35 exep

ha
mmu 
 from vl & am 
ra
ve
jur
o of
he S  r
. 3g.g hall o
ex
e 
o a
 performe
ou
e
he oure of
her u
e. Vhe hall alo e jo
he
prvlege  r
36.g a
o ar
le mpor
e a

he
me of fr

 
alla
o .
3. ember of
he erve 
aff who are o
a
o al of or
perma e
l ree

he S e jo mmu 
 a
o a
 performe

he oure of
her u
e exemp
o from ue &
axe o
he
emolume
 reeve ue
o
her emplome
&
he exemp
o
o
a e  r
le 33.
4. Prva
e erva
 of member of
he mo hall f
he are o

a
o al of or perma e
l ree

he S be exemp
from ue
&
axe o
he emolume
 reeve ue
o
her emplome
. Y
o
her repe

he ma e jo prvlege & mmu 
e o l
o
he
ex
e
am

e b
he S. S mu
exere 
 jur
o over

hoe pero   uh a ma er a o

o 
erfere u ul w
h
he
performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he mo .
'c3 SS ma w
h
he pror o e
of S & a

he reque
of a

hr S
a
e o
repree
e  S u er
ake
he
emporar
pro
e
o of
he 
ere
 of
he
hr S
a
e & of 
 a
o al.
c
c
c
'cJ SS ma af
er o
f g S
a
e o er e e
ru
a o ular
po
e
ablhe  a par
ular S
a
e w
h
he exere of o ular
fu 
o   a o
her S
a
e u le
here  expre obje
o b o e
of
he S
a
e o er e.
'c
. Upo appropra
e o
fa
o
o S a o ular po
of SS
ma u le S obje
 exere o ular fu 
o   S o behalf of
a
hr S
a
e.
'cg*c
g. ea of o ular po
 are appo
e b SS & are am

e
o

he exere of
her fu 
o  b S.
2. Formal
e for appo
me
& amo of
he hea of a
o ular po
are e
erm e b
he law regula
o  & uage of SS
& of S repe
vel.
'cg)c
g. ea of a o ular po
 am

e
o
he exere of h
fu 
o  b a au
hora
o from S
erme a exequa
ur
wha
ever
he form of
h au
hora
o .
2. S
a
e whh refue
o gra
a exequa
ur  o
oblge
o gve

o
he SS reao  for uh refual.
3. Subje

o r
. g3 & g5 hea of a o ular po
hall o
e
er
upo h u
e u
l he ha reeve a exequa
ur.


c cc  c9 c 


'cg  oo a
he hea  am

e eve provo all
o exere

of h fu 
o  S hall mmea
el o
f ompe
e
au
hor
e
of
he o ular 
r
& e ure
ha
eear meaure are
ake

o e able
he hea of a o ular po

o arr ou

he u
e of h
offe &
o have
he be ef
of
he Co ve
o .
'cgJc
g. Y a S
a
e where SS ha o ploma
 mo &  o

repree
e b a ploma
 mo of a
hr S
a
e a o ular
offer ma w
h S
o e
 & w
hou
affe
 g h o ular

a
u be au
hore
o perform ploma
 a
. Suh performa e
b a o ular offer hall o
o fer a  rgh

o lam ploma

prvlege & mmu 
e.
2. Co ular offer ma af
er o
fa
o aree
o S a
a
repree
a
ve of SS
o a  
er-gover me
al orga a
o . e
hall be e

le
o e jo prvlege & mmu 
e aore
o uh a
repree
a
ve b u
omar YL or b 

l agreeme
;  repe
of

he performa e b hm of a  o ular fu 
o  he hall o
be
e

le
o a  grea
er mmu 
 from jur
o
ha
ha

o whh
a o ular offer  e

le u er
he Co ve
o .
'c )c
g. Co ular preme & ree e of
he areer hea of whh SS or
a  pero a
 g o 
 behalf 
he ow er or leee hall be
exemp
from all a
o al rego al or mu pal ue &
axe o
her

ha uh a repree
pame
for pef erve re ere.
2. Vax exemp
o  par. g hall o
appl
o uh ue &
axe f
u er S law
he are paable b
he pero who o
ra
e w
h
SS or w
h
he pero a
 g o 
 behalf.
'
$c 3/ (8+&)
g. W
h a vew
o fal
a
 g
he exere of o ular fu 
o 
rela
 g
o SS a
o al
(a) o ular offer hall be free
o ommu a
e w
h SS a
o al
&
o have ae
o
hem. SS a
o al hall have
he ame freeom
WYV EGD VO ommu a
o w
h & ae
o o ular offer
of SS;
(b) f he o reque
 ompe
e
au
hor
e of S hall w
hou

ela  form
he o ular po
of SS f w
h 
 o ular 
r
 a
SS a
o al  arre
e or omm

e
o pro or
o u
o pe  g

ral or  e
a e.  ommu a
o aree
o
he o ular
po
b uh pero hall alo be forware b a au
hor
e
w
hou
ela. Sa au
hor
e hall  form
he pero o er e
w
hou
ela of h rgh
 u er
h ub-paragraph;
() o ular offer hall have
he rgh

o v
a SS a
o al who 
 pro  u
o or e
e
o 
o o vere & orrepo  w
h hm
&
o arra ge for h legal repree
a
o . Vhe hall alo have
he
rgh

o v
a  SS a
o al who   pro  u
o or e
e
o 
purua e of a jugme
. Co ular offer hall refra from
ak g
a
o o behalf of a a
o al who   pro  u
o or e
e
o
f he exprel oppoe uh a
o .
2. Vhe rgh
  par. g hall be exere  o form
 w
h S law
ubje

o
he provo
ha
a law mu
e able full effe

o be
gve
o
he purpoe for whh
he rgh
 aore u er
h
r
le are 
e e.
'c J/ Yf releva
 forma
o  avalable
o ompe
e
au
hor
e
of S uh au
hor
e hall have
he u

(a) ea
h of a SS a
o al  form w
hou
ela
he o ular po

whoe 
r

he ea
h ourre;
(b)  form ompe
e
o ular po
w
hou
ela of a  ae where

he appo
me
of a guara or
ru
ee appear
o be 
he

ere
 of a m or or o
her pero lak g full apa
 who  a SS
a
o al. Vhe gv g of
h  forma
o hall be w
hou
prejue
o

he opera
o of S law o er  g uh appo
me
;
() f a veel hav g
he a
o al
 of SS  wreke or ru 
agrou   S
err
oral ea or 
er al wa
er or f a arraf

reg
ere  SS uffer a ae
o S
err
or  form w
hou

ela
he o ular po
eare

o
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Page J) of g *

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g. ember of a o ular po
ma be alle upo
o a

e  a
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he oure of jual or am 
ra
ve proee g.
o ular emploee or a member of
he erve 
aff hall o
 exep

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o gve eve e. Yf a o ular offer houl el e

o o o o oerve meaure or pe al
 ma be apple
o hm.
2. Vhe au
hor
 requr g
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avo 
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h
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o . Whe
poble
ake uh eve e a
h ree e or a

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or aep
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fu 
o  or
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 & are
e

le
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EGD VO SS law.
'c3c
g. Co ular offer & o ular emploee & faml member
form g par
of
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from all oblga
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u er S law  regar
o
he reg
ra
o of ale  & ree e
perm
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2. Par. g hall o
appl
o a  o ular emploee who  o
a
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he emplome
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he prva
e 
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emploee hall f
he o o
arr o a  o
her ga ful oupa
o

he S be exemp
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he oblga
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'c2g Dea
h of a member of
he o ular po
or of faml member
form g par
of h houehol S
(a) perm
expor
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he movable proper
 of
he eeae exep

proper
 aqure  S
he expor
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e a

he

me of h ea
h;
(b) o
lev a
o al rego al or mu pal e
a
e ueo or
 her
a e u
e & u
e o
ra fer o movable proper

he
pree e of whh 
he S wa ue olel
o
he pree e 
ha

S
a
e of
he eeae a a member of
he o ular po
or a a
member of
he faml of a member of
he o ular po
.
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c
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g. r
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o o ular
po
 heae b a ho orar o ular offer. Vhe fal
e
prvlege & mmu 
e of uh o ular po
 hall be gover e b
r
. 5962.
2. r
. 42 43 44.3 45 & 53 & 55.g hall appl
o ho orar o ular
offer. Fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e of uh o ular offer
hall be gover e b r
. 6367.
3. ere prvlege & mmu 
e hall o
be aore
o member
of
he faml of a ho orar o ular offer or of
a o ular emploee emploe a
a o ular po
heae b a
ho orar o ular offer.
4. Exha ge of o ular bag be
wee 2 o ular po
 heae b
ho orar o ular offer  ffere
S
a
e hall o
be allowe
w
hou

he o e
of
he 2 S o er e.
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a
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o of
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er
 a
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alo
breahe r
. 36 (ga) beaue 
prelue
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he o
her S
a
e
o ommu a
e w
h a  have ae
o
her
a
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. 36 (g) beaue 
prelue
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 g
her e
a e a
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a
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e
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ak. Vhe
requreme
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e 
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e b
he pr ple of S
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e overeg

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v
e w
h a o
her S
a
e. Vhee are
herefore
wro gful 
he lgh
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h
he pr ple of o -ue of fore a 

ha
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o .
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m S
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e (El Salvaor
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a a). Vhe oul o
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rgh
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elf exlue
he ue of ulear weapo   elf
efe e  all rum
a e.

Page J of g *

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o
he S
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u
e of
he Y
er a
o al Cour
of Ju
e o
$


o be e
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he Ge eral embl
upo
he $ 
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'
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c
Eah ember of
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e ?a
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ake
o $ c
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$

 of
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o whh 

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.
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o a ae fal
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upo 
u er a jugme
re ere b
he Cour

he o
her par

ma have $ccc.$
c$
 whh ma f 
eem
eear make $ 
cc$
cc 
o be

ake
o 
c$
o
he jugme
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'
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Vhe Ge eral
Y
er a
o al
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e
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.

Page J2 of g *

O
her orga  of
he U 
e ?a
o  a  peale age e whh

ma a
a 
me be o 
?c c c c '  ma
alo 0c 
c 

 of
he Cour
o legal que
o 
ar g w
h
he ope of
her a
v
e.
'
$cg,cY!c.c
Vhe Y
er a
o al Cour
of Ju
e e
ablhe b
he Char
er of
he
U 
e ?a
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$
c
$
c of
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u
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o  aora e w
h
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provo  of
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a
u
e.
'
$c c5g8,cY!c.
g. -c. ma be par
e  ae before
he Cour
.
'
$c 2c5g8,cY!c.c
Vhe Cour
hall be ope
o
he S
a
e Par
e
o
he pree
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a
u
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Vhe o 
o  u er whh
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hall be ope
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her S
a
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hall ubje

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a e 
rea
e  fore la
ow b
he Seur
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 o ae hall uh o 
o 
plae
he par
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o of  equal
 before
he Cour
.


c
Vc Vhe YCJ wa e
ablhe b
he U? Char
er
Vc Vhe YCJ 
he pr pal jual orga of
he U?
Vc Vhe YCJ S
a
u
e form a 
egral par
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e Par
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o
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ake
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he
Seur
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a e 

rea
e  fore
Vc Y
er a
o al Orga a
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a
e a proee g a lo g a
S
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ll
he par
e.


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 whoe fu 
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er a
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c$
 whe
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$
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 a 

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erm a
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o.
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of
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Page J3 of g *


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o of
he Cour
ompre c $ whh
he par
e
refer
o 
a  all ma

er peall prove for 
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er of
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U 
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rea
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o   fore.
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a
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o
he pree
S
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a 
me elare

ha

he $
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c $ a  
c $
c
   rela
o
o a  o
her S
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he ame
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o 
he jur
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he Cour
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e
o er  g
a.
he 
erpre
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rea
;
b. a  que
o of 
er a
o al law;
.
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e e of a  fa
whh f e
ablhe woul
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u
e a breah of a 
er a
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o ;
.
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ure or ex
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of
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o be mae for
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er a
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Vhe elara
o  referre
o above ma be mae u o 
o all or
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of everal or er
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he US ha $$cc
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e e
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PCYJ wa o
 fore  g945 for falure
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PCYJ uh
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r
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a
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3

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e
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e
er
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Page JJ of g *

 
2+&
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le 37 of
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a
u
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h
fra however halle ge
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b
o
e  g
ha
 e
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o  a  PCYJ were olve

he
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he U? Char
er
ha e
ere 
o fore  ?ovember g945 a 
he
hree par
e ha
ra
fe uh Char
er a  beome U? member. B
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.
92 a  93 of
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er a  r
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he YCJ S
a
u
e Sou
h
fra ha bou  
elf
o aep

he ompulor jur
o of
he
YCJ  leu of
he PCYJ. De g o
he mer

he Cour
reje
e
he
lam of E
hopa a  Lbera. Cour
hel
ha

he  vual
member S
a
e of
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o  ha o rgh
of re


erve
o rela
ve
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h wa
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ve of
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hough S
a
e re
a e
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rgh
 whh
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he League of ?a
o 
ep
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he olu
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 e
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ere
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o 

u
e
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ma

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woul gve. f  g
b
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ua
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 eo 
h
ae. oreover
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ere
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he UK are
pro
e
e b r
le 59 of
he YCJ S
a
u
e (eo o l b 
he
par
e). 
o
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ha

he

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leme
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ha
u
rala

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h lm
a
o o jur
o
apple
o pu
e be
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a
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pror
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whh ha o
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o
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refra e from exer g
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Bo a a  eregov a  

u
e proee g aga 
ugolava
au g 
of repo bl
 for
he ommo of ge oe 
Bo a.

he
me 
fle 
 appla
o  Bo a ake
he Cour

o
gra
 a provo al meaure
ha
ugolava eae all a
 of
ge oe a  eae prov g uppor
for a  group e gag g 
ml
ar or paraml
ar a
v
e aga 
Bo a. Y
alo reque
e

ha

he Cour
 a
e
ha
Bo a ha
he rgh

o eek a  reeve
a
a e  efe  g 
elf.
VY 
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  +Y Y Y

a
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houl o
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e uh meaure u le
he provo 
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or fou  
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a
u
e appeare prma
fae
o affor a ba o whh
he jur
o of
he Cour
mgh

be e
ablhe. Vhe obje
of
he power
o  a
e provo al
meaure of pro
e
o wa
o e ure
ha
rreparable prejue
houl o
be aue
o rgh
 whh mgh
ubeque
l be
ajuge
o belo g
o o e of
he par
e. oreover
he Cour
oul
o l  a
e provo al meaure
o be
ake b
he par
e bu
o

r
b 3 S
a
e who woul o
be bou  b
he eve
ual jugme
.

?"2"!+8: ;;13

Lba reque
e
he Cour
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mgh

be 
 o luo   a  op o 
mgh
gve
he woul have
releva e for
he o
 u g eba
e o
he ma

er 
he Ge eral
embl a  woul pree
a a
o al eleme

he
ego
a
o  o
he ma

er. Beo 
ha

he effe
of
he op o 
a ma

er of apprea
o . Vhe Cour
ha hear o
rar po
o 
ava e a 
here are o eve
r
era b whh 
a prefer
o e aeme

o a o
her. Vhe Cour
 o ou
ha

he
"oamap" whh o 

u
e a ego
a
 g framework for
he
reolu
o of
he o fl
. Y
 o
lear however wha
 flue e
he
Cour
' op o mgh
have o
hoe ego
a
o  par
pa
 
he
pree
proee g have expree ffer g vew 
h regar.
Vhe Cour
a o
regar
h fa
or a a ompell g reao
o
el e
o exere 
 jur
o .
V  Y  
 Y++ YY 
 Y
+ ++
+  YY  Y


 Vhe Cour
oe o

however o er
h a reao for 

o el e
o repl
o
he
que
o ake. Vhe Cour
  ee aware
ha

he que
o of
he
wall  par
of a grea
er whole a  
woul
ake
h rum
a e
arefull 
o aou
 a  op o 
mgh
gve.

he ame
me

he que
o
ha

he Ge eral embl ha hoe
o ak of
he
Cour
 o f e
o
he c$0$ccc$$
cc
c a 
he Cour
woul o l exam e o
her ue
o
he
ex
e

ha

he mgh
be eear
o 
 o era
o of
he
que
o pu

o 
.
V  Y Y Y  + Y. Y
 
YYY Y+Y   Y ++++  YY  Y



 Vhe Cour
oberve
ha

he que
o
whe
her
he eve e avalable
o 
 uffe

o gve a avor
op o mu
be ee  eah par
ular  
a e. Vhe Cour
ha
a

 poal
he repor
of
he Sere
ar-Ge eral a well a a
volum ou oer ubm

e b hm
o
he Cour
 a wr

e

a
eme
upa
 g h repor
 wr

e 
a
eme
 ubm

e b
umerou o
her par
pa
 whh o
a  forma
o releva

o
a repo e
o
he que
o pu
b
he Ge eral embl. Vhe Cour

f 
ha

ha before 
uffe
 forma
o a  eve e
o
e able 

o gve
he avor op o reque
e b
he Ge eral
embl. Vhe rum
a e
ha
o
her ma evalua
e a  
erpre


hee fa
  a ubje
ve or pol
al ma er a be o argume

for a our
of law
o aba
e 
 jual
ak. Vhere 
herefore 

he pree
ae o lak of  forma
o uh a
o o 

u
e a
ompell g reao for
he Cour

o el e
o gve
he reque
e
op o .
)$! Y +Y YY
+ Y 
  Y  Y Y.Y 
 Y 
  YY
 Y
+Y W
h regar
o
he argume

ha

he Ge eral
embl ha o
mae 
lear cc
cc ccc

c

ccc
he Cour
woul reall wha


a
e
 
 Op o o
he 
!

8
 1"Cer
a S
a
e have oberve
ha

he
Ge eral embl ha o
expla e
o
he Cour
for wha
pree

Page
g of g *

purpoe 
eek
he avor op o . ?ever
hele 
 o
for
he

Cour

elf
o purpor

o ee whe
her or o
a avor op o
 eee b
he embl for
he performa e of 
 fu 
o . Vhe
Ge eral embl ha
he 
cc$
cc
ccc
ccc

c
cc
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follow

ha

he Cour
a o
el e
o a wer
he que
o poe bae
o
he grou 
ha

 op o woul lak a  ueful purpoe. Vhe
Cour
a o
ub

u
e 
 aeme
of
he ueful e of
he
op o reque
e for
ha
of
he orga
ha
eek uh op o .
Fur
hermore a   a  eve

he Cour
o er
ha

he c
' cccc
ccc
c$0$cc

cc
. Vhe Cour
'
ak woul be
o e
erm e  a
omprehe ve ma er
he legal o eque e of
he o 
ru
o
of
he wall whle
he Ge eral embl - a 
he Seur
 Cou l ma
he raw o luo  from
he Cour
' f  g.

 c YY


YY
 g2



Y

g3

cc
c

$cY
c> c
c c




 
Vhe o ep
of huma rgh
 refer
o
ha
orpu of

er a
o all a  u verall-reog e rgh

ha
are Y Y 
ever huma be g .e.
he are  ex
rabl a

ahe
o ever
pero from
he
me
ha
pero beome a huma be gg7. Y
ee e
hee are
he rgh

ha
ever ape
of huma vla
o
reog e a
he bare
m mum
ha
ever huma be g  e

le

o w
hou
fur
her qualfa
o ; a reual ore of a e
re 
em
of rgh

ha
a o
fur
her be reue. Vh reog 
o bae o
abolu
e o e u of
he 
er a
o al ommu 
 make huma
rgh
 Y +  hara
er.  a logal ex
e o of
he  here

hara
er of huma rgh
 huma rgh
 are alo o ere
+Y+Y or a o
be e
her poe of or
ake awa
volu
arl or  volu
arl. Vhe are alo  Y  +Y mea  g

he a o
be u er
oo a hav g bee wave or forgo e b
he
mere falure
o aer
or v a
e
hem
hrough
he paage of

me. uma rgh
 abue for example oul go o for a umber
of ear  o e 
a
e w
hou
a  o
e ble oppo
o bu
uh fa

a o
be ue
o argue
ha

he people of
ha

a
e have alrea
urre ere or wave v a
o of
her rgh
 a
a 
me 
he
fu
ure. uma rgh
 are alo ++Y.  e al or
ra greo
of
hee rgh
 o 

u
e a o
 u g vola
o ;
here ma be
ju
fa
o  for
hee whh woul  er
a ae be uffe

o
exemp

he perpe
ra
or from a  legal o eque e bu

h oe
o
ha ge
he fa

ha

here YYa vola
o g8. O e

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c
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c1)
c cGccccc
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c
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c  c (&+c c  c (#c  (c c  c # c c  6c &(c c c c
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=


c cc  c9 c 


hara
era
o of huma rgh

ha
ha purre a lo
of eba
e

ha
are o go g u
l ow 
ha
huma rgh
 are +Y.
Yeall
h o
o preuppoe
ha
huma rgh
 be g
he
rreuble ore of a 
em of rgh
 a o
be ubve o
ha

o e por
o a be e e a 
he o
her gra
e. Y ee e
h
argume
propoe
ha

he rgh

o a far
ral for example a o

be gra
e o l
o be ullfe b
he ubeque
e al of
he rgh

aga 
ruel a  u uual pu hme
. aue
herefore who
ha bee gve all
he ue proe requreme
 of a mpar
al
ral
bu
who whe fou  gul
 woul be ubje
e
o  huma e
o 
o  of o f eme
a lam a vola
o of huma rgh

ever
hele. Vhe problema
que ome  whe er
a huma
rgh
 o e w
h
hoe
ha
are pereve
o be har
o a

a 
for example
he rgh

o lfe  u e able bu

he rgh

o
eua
o rema  a ma

er of f a al apa
.


 



!
 
Vhe o ep
of huma rgh
 a be fou   umerou

rea
e a  o
her holarl work bu

hoe
ha
fall w
h
he
rubr of
he 
er a
o al legal 
em are
hoe whh org a
e
from
he Char
er of
he U 
e ?a
o  a 
he U veral
Delara
o of uma gh
. Vhe e hr eme
of huma rgh
 

hee  
rume
 wa mo
va
e b
he ere
o preve

he
repe

o of
he a
ro
e omm

e ur g Worl War YY.
Par
ularl 
he U? Char
er fa
h  reaffrme  fu ame
al
huma rgh
 
he g 
 a  wor
h of ever huma pero  

he equal rgh
 of me a  wome a  of a
o  large a 
mallg9. Vhe expre purpoe of
he U 
e ?a
o   lue
ahev g 
er a
o al oopera
o  olv g 
er a
o al
problem of a eo om oal ul
ural or huma 
ara
hara
er a   promo
 g a  e ourag g repe
for huma
rgh
 a  for fu ame
al freeom for all w
hou
rm a
o
a
o rae ex la guage or relgo 20. Vhe U? Char
er
 refere e

o fu ame
al huma rgh
 fou  a au
hor
a
ve expreo 
g948 whe
he Ge eral embl aop
e
he U veral Delara
o
of uma gh
 a ompla
o of 3g ar
le ar
ula
 g wha

he

er a
o al ommu 
 beleve are
he mo
ba a 
fu ame
al rgh

ha
ever huma be g  e

le
o.

Page
) of g *

argue
ha

he UD pr ple have alrea bee eleva
e
o
he

a
u of u
omar law.

 
Yeall huma rgh
 are e fore ome
all where
legal 
em have evolve
her ow law pu h g
he vola
o of
huma rgh
23. Y efaul
of uh law o e a have reor

o

er a
o al law bu
o l f all o
her avalable loal remee have
bee exhau
e. uma rgh
 o ve
o  have pu
 plae
meha m for
he rere of huma rgh
 vola
o 
ha
a be
brough
eve b  vual ( o ee for epoual b
her 
a
e
epeall f
he 
a
e 
elf  aue of
he vola
o ) example of

hee are
he Y
er-mera Cour
of uma gh
 e
ablhe
u er
he mera Co ve
o o uma gh
 a 
he Europea
Cour
of uma gh
 u er
he Europea Co ve
o o uma
gh
. Y
he abe e of uh 
er a
o al meha m (a
he ae
  a where
he o l huma rgh
 our
e
ablhe wa
he
o e 
he rab o fere e) huma rgh
 vola
o  ma be
aree 
he U? uma gh
 Cou l. Vhe C however a
o l a
o ae b  ve
ga
o a  reomme a
o . Y

u er
ake a pero revew of all U? member
huma rgh

reor o ou
r a be pare from
he revew a  make
reomme a
o 
o
he Ge eral embl aor gl. Y
a alo
o er emerge  
ua
o  of huma rgh
 vola
o  a  make

he ame reomme a
o 
o
he G. Ul
ma
el
he  fur
her
meaure ee
o be a 
o e b
he G. Yf a a
 properl
a

rbu
able
o a 
a
e u er 
er a
o al law a huma rgh

24
vola
o woul e
al
he 
er a
o al repo bl
 of
ha

a
e .
ae a
herefore be brough
before
he YCJ prove
ha

he
aue woul be epoue b a 
a
e a  prove fur
her
ha
uh

a
e epou g woul have uffe
legal 
ere

he pu
e. Y
um
herefore huma rgh
 e foreme
ver largel  e
ere
o ome
 legla
o a  
er a
o al
rea
 oblga
o . Y
efaul
of bo
h a  vual woul f  
har
o l
ga
e a ae of
vola
o . Vhe U? a o l 
ep 
o br g a ae before

er a
o al a

e
o . Yf
he huma rgh
 abue beome o
weprea a  
ema
 a
o o 

u
e a
hrea

o
he peae or
a breah of
he peae
he
he Seur
 Cou l a 
ep 
o
he
p
ure prove all
he requ
e are pree
a  all proeure are
omple w
h a prove  Chap
er 7 of
he U? Char
er.






8$ 

 
 
  

  
  :K:



 

Ge eral embl eolu
o of
he U?  Y

YY  of
he ex
e e of a u
omar orm of 
er a
o al
law
ha
 b  g o all 
a
e. owever uh u
omar 
a
u
woul epe  o ma  fa
or lke
he ex
e e of # 
o

he o
rar or
he umber of 
a
e-g a
ore or
he orma
ve
2g
hara
er of
he o
e
of
he reolu
o . Vhe UD
herefore 
o
a legall b  g  
rume
Y Y ju
lke all o
her U? G
eolu
o . Vhe YCJ however ha mae a a
egoral
pro ou eme

ha

he o
e
of
he UD alrea emboe
22
pr ple
ha
are legall b  g . O uh ba we a vall

Bo
h of
hee boe of 
er a
o al law am a
pro
e
 g

he 
ere
 of ever  vual. owever 
er a
o al huma
rgh
 law apple a
all
me a  a
all plae gve
her  here

a  u veral a
ure. Y o
ra
 
er a
o al huma 
ara law
beome applable o l ur g  
a e of arme o fl
. Doe
huma rgh
 law appl ur g arme o fl
 ES. S e huma
rgh
 are  volable a   here

he a ever be mofe b
o
ex
ual real
e eve of arme o fl
. uma rgh
 wll follow

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9
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c c2c "B cc c) cc:  c%c) c
(#(!$c &$c  c c :
c  c c c #) c  c c   !$c
& "cc!!c c$c  )cc c) 
c  
c(! c!$c
& c  c c  c @#) c )c  %
c  c   )"c $c
#$c& c # ccc)"c& cc"$cc!!cc

c 2c & # 'c c  c   % 
c  c 2c  ! c 2c !&! c c  c
%"(!c )c c !& $c  c  c #c c $!c c c
 c c  +c % c  c # c " c c  c c ;#&$c

(c "
c  "c c  c (
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c  c ! "!!$c
& "c c  
c  c )!c c %c %(! c ( c c & c c c
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,
c &!"c c  c  c # c (#c "c #$c & c #&  c c
# c ! "!c c ") c c (!!c  c  c  c 0% ) 
c c c  c c
 c c (#c "c ) 
c c c # $c c  $c &!"c
("c # c! "!c! ccc cI c) cc c%c
c
  c) ccc c#$cc) c c)ccc !c
!%c c '(c c c !( c c  #c c  $+c  c c  c "c c
 $
c   
c c c !$c c # c ! "!c c #! # c  c
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ever huma be g wherever a  whe ever. Y arme o fl


herefore bo
h huma rgh
 a  huma 
ara law woul appl
mul
a eoul.

@
"

 

Page
of g *

evelopme
). Vhe eba
e  
ll o go g a 
he We
have mae
ma  pro ou eme

ha

he ul
ural rela
v
argume
 be g
ue merel
o ju
f 
ro g 
a
e meaure ame a
eo om
evelopme
bu
e
al g arfe of vl a  pol
al rgh
. Y

he mea
me
he  gle huma rgh
 oume
formerl prepare
b
he U? Commo o uma gh
 were pl

o
wo af
er
muh eba
e. Vhe YCCP o
abl wa more pala
able
o all
o er e 
a
e beaue 
o
a  abolu
e rule
ha
are eal
o re
e whle
he YCESC (whh prerbe a huma rgh

uh rgh
 a eua
o  emplome
 a  aequa
e 
a ar of
lv g) wa vewe a heavl o
 ge
o
he level of eo om
evelopme
of
he 
a
e.

?O. Y
er a
o al huma rgh
  
rume
 whh are
he
o re
e ofa
o  of
he huma rgh
 emboe 
he UD
reog e
ha

he exere of fu ame
al huma rgh
 (lke
peeh expreo  aembl lber
 of moveme
 a  relgo )
ma be ubje

o er
a lawful lm
a
o . For uh lm
a
o 
o
be lawful however
he houl pa
he
hree-fol
e
of
lawful e (g) VE VESV OF LEGLYV . Vhe lm
a
o  mu
be
emboe 
he law o
ha

e  who have ever rgh

o
exere
her huma rgh

o
he fulle
ex
e
 a be vall gve
o
e of uh lm
a
o . (2) VE VESV OF PUPOSE. Vhe lm
a
o 
mu
be mpoe for o e or more pefe leg
ma
e purpoe a 
uh purpoe houl alo be k ow
o
he publ. (3) VE VESV OF
POPOVYO?LYV . Vhe exere of huma rgh
  alwa
preume
o be u er
ake  a emora
 oe
. U g
hee

a ar
he a
ure a  ex
e
of
he lm
a
o  o
he exere
of huma rgh
 mu
be aequa
el propor
o al
o
he purpoe
for whh
he were mpoe. Vhe
e
 o
whe
her
he lm
a
o 
are erable or o
harmful bu
whe
her
here  a lear a 
ompell g oal purpoe
ha
wll be erve b uh a
of
lm
a
o .

ES. Commo r
le g of
he
wo o ve
o  reog e

he gh

o Self-De
erm a
o  b vr
ue of whh all people have

he rgh

o e
erm e
her pol
al 
a
u a  freel purue
her
25
eo om oal a  ul
ural evelopme
. Fur
her all people
ma for
her ow e  freel poe of
her a
ural weal
h a 
reoure a 
ha
 o ae ma a people be eprve of 
 ow
mea  of ub
e e26. Vhe reog 
o of
he rgh

o elfe
erm a
o aroe from a U? G eolu
o whh equa
e
he
ubje
o of people
o ale ubjuga
o  om a
o  a 
explo
a
o
o a e al of huma rgh
 a  a vola
o of
he U?
27
Char
er .




@



 





? " 


 $ 

? . e from
he U? Char
er a 
he UD
here

are mul
farou  
rume
 o ve
o 
rea
e a  pro
ool
regar g huma rgh
. Vhe mo
popular o e are
he Y
er a
o al
Cove a
o Cvl a  Pol
al gh
 (YCCP)
he Y
er a
o al
Cove a
o Eo om Soal a  Cul
ural gh
 (YCESC)
he
Op
o al Pro
ool
o
hee
wo
he Y
er a
o al Co ve
o o

he Elm a
o of all Form of aal Drm a
o 
he Co ve
o
o
he Elm a
o of ll Form of Drm a
o ga 
Wome 

he Co ve
o ga 
Vor
ure a  O
her Cruel Y huma  a 
Degra g Vrea
me
or Pu hme

he Co ve
o o
he gh

of
he Chl a 
he Y
er a
o al Co ve
o o
he Pro
e
o of

he gh
 of ll gra
Worker a  ember of
her Famle.
For our purpoe we wll
akle
he
wo mo
wel-reog e
 
rume
 embo g
he mo
omprehe ve l
of huma
rgh

he YCCP a 
he YCESC.

Eah S
a
e par
 u er
ake
o repe
a 
o e ure
o

all  vual w
h 

err
or a  ubje

o 
 jur
o
he
rgh
 reog e 
he...Cove a
 w
hou

 
o of a  k 
uh a rae olour ex la guage relgo  pol
al or o
her
op o  a
o al or oal org  proper
 br
h or o
her 
a
u28.
Vhe legal u

o e ure e jome
of
hee rgh
 mple a
oblga
o
o
ake po
ve 
ep
o ee
o 
fr

ha
ome
 law
are mofe whe eear  orer
o ompl w
h
he S
a
e


er a
o al legal oblga
o ; a  eo 
ha

hee law are
 ee effe
vel mpleme
e  pra
e b all publ orga  a 
offal uh a
he our
 ( lu g am 
ra
ve
rbu al)
proeu
or pole offer pro offal hool
he ml
ar
hop
al a 
he lke.

!

!"
 






 

Vhee are
he rgh

o lfe (ar
. 6;7)
he rgh

o freeom
from
or
ure or ruel  huma or egra g
rea
me
or
pu hme
  lu g a prohb
o o be g ubje
e
o meal
or e
f experme
a
o w
hou
o e
 free o e
(ar
. 7;8)

he rgh

o freeom from laver
he lave-
rae a  erv
ue ar
.
8(g) a  (2)]
he rgh

o freeom from fore a  ompulor labor
ar
. 8(3)]
he rgh

o lber
 a  eur
 of pero   lu g
freeom from arb
rar arre
a  e
e
o (ar
9;9)
he rgh
of
pero  eprve of
her lber

o be
rea
e w
h huma 
 a 
w
h repe
for
he  here
g 
 of
he huma pero (ar
.
g0;g0) prohb
o of mpro me
merel o
he grou  of
 abl

o fulfl a o
ra
ual oblga
o (ar
. gg) lber
 of
moveme
a  freeom
o hooe o e
 ree e ar
. g2(g)]
he
rgh

o be free
o leave a  ou
r  lu g o e
 ow ar
.
g2(2)]
he rgh
o

o be arb
rarl eprve of
he rgh

o e
er

Vhe pl
be
wee
he YCCP a 
he YCESC  refle
ve of

he o go g eba
e be
wee
hoe who beleve
ha
huma rgh

ough

o be u veral a 
hoe who a
ha

he are ul
urall
rela
ve. Vh Y +(+  + Y+  eba
e owe
o
he fa


ha
evelope We
er 
a
e ma
a
ha
vl a  pol
al rgh

mu
be affore pro
e
o alo ge eo om oal a  ul
ural
rgh
 a  uh 
a ar mu
be
he ame all over
he worl.
Cul
ural rela
v
 o
he o
her ha  beleve
ha

he pro
e
o of
rgh
  a ma

er rela
ve
o
he ul
ure of a par
ular oe
. Vhe
o
able ahere
 of
h vew (ma l
he 
ro gma ruler of a
lke aha
hr a  Lee Kua - ew) beleve
ha
 for example a
ommu 
e o o
f  
obje
o able
o arfe a meaure of

her vl a  pol
al rgh
  favor of eo om rgh
  epeall f
eo om evelopme
woul reul

o be ef
 aru g
o
he
e
re ommu 
 (a 
he argue are ommu 
ara  a
ure
whle We
er er are  vual
 ore
a
o  he e
he refual

o eroga
e vl a  pol
al rgh
 eve for
he ake of olle
ve

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o e
 ow ou
r ar
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a legal afeguar aga 

u lawful expulo  of ale  lawfull 
he
err
or of a S
a
e par

(ar
. g3;gg)
he rgh

o a far hear g  rm al a  vl ae b
a  epe e
a  mpar
al
rbu al (ar
. g4;g2) freeom from ex
po
fa
o law a 
he re
roa
ve appla
o of heaver pe al
e

ha
hoe
ha
oul be mpoe whe
he rme wa omm

e
(ar
. g5)
he rgh

o reog 
o a a pero before
he law (ar
. g6)

he rgh
o

o be ubje
e
o arb
rar or u lawful 
erfere e
w
h o e
 prva faml home or orrepo e e or
o u lawful
a

ak o o e
 ho or a  repu
a
o (ar
. g7;g3)
he rgh

o
freeom of
hough
 o e e a  relgo (ar
. g8;g4)
he rgh

o
freeom of op o a  of expreo (ar
. g9;g5) prohb
o of war
propaga a a  of avoa of a
o al raal or relgou ha
re
o 

u
 g  
eme

o rm a
o  ho
l
 or vole e (ar
.
20;g6)
he rgh

o peaeful aembl (ar
. 2g)
he rgh

o freeom
of aoa
o (ar
. 22)
he rgh

o marr freel
o fou  a faml
a 
o equal rgh
 a  repo bl
e of poue a
o marrage
ur g marrage a  a

 olu
o (ar
. 23;g7)
he rgh
of
he
hl
o peal pro
e
o w
hou
rm a
o ;
he rgh

o be
reg
ere upo br
h a 
he rgh

o a a
o al
 (ar
. 24;g8)
he
rgh

o popular par
pa
o  publ affar;
he rgh

o vo
e 
pero ele
o  b u veral a  equal uffrage a  ere
ballo

a well a
he rgh

o have ae
o publ erve (ar
. 25;g9)
he
rgh

o equal
 before
he law a 
he equal pro
e
o of
he law
(ar
. 26;20) a 
he rgh
of m or
e
o e jo
her ow ul
ure
relgo a  la guage (ar
. 27.2g).




"

 $ 
&
:"
 
ES. r
le 4 of
he YCCP  k ow a
he Deroga
o
29
Claue . Vhe 
r
o 
o 
ha
gover
he rgh
of
he S
a
e
par
e
o reor

o eroga
o  from
her legal oblga
o  u er
a r
le are
(g)
he o 
o of a publ emerge  whh
hrea
e 
he lfe of

he a
o . Vhe S
a
e par
 e vag g a eroga
o mu
be fa g a

ua
o of exep
o al
hrea

ha
jeopare
he a
o
 lfe
hu
exlu g m or or eve more erou 
urba e
ha
o o

affe

he fu 
o  g of
he S
a
e
 emora
  

u
o  or
people
 lve  ge eral.
(2)
he o 
o of offal prolama
o
he ex
e e of a publ
emerge  whh
hrea
e 
he lfe of
he a
o mu
be offall
prolame.  wa expla e ur g
he raf
 g of ar
le 4
he
purpoe
hereof wa
o preve
S
a
e from eroga
 g arb
rarl
from
her oblga
o  u er
he Cove a
whe uh a a
o wa
o
warra
e b eve
30.
(3)
he o 
o of o -erogabl
 of er
a oblga
o . r
le
4(2) of
he Cove a
e umera
e ome rgh
 from whh o
eroga
o a ever be mae eve 
he re
of 
ua
o . Vhee
rgh
 are
he rgh

o lfe (ar
. 6)
he rgh

o freeom from
or
ure
or ruel  huma or egra g
rea
me
or pu hme
(ar
. 7)

he rgh

o freeom from laver
he lave-
rae a  erv
ue (ar
.

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Page
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8(g) a  (2))
he rgh
o

o be mpro e merel o
he grou  of

 abl

o fulfl a o
ra
ual oblga
o (ar
. gg)
he prohb
o of
ex po
fa
o law (ar
. g5)
he rgh

o legal pero al
 (ar
. g6)
a  la
l
he rgh

o freeom of
hough
 o e e a  relgo
(ar
. g8). owever 
follow from
he work of
he uma gh

Comm

ee
ha

 o
poble
o o lue a o
raro
ha

beaue a pef rgh
 o
l
e  ar
le 4(2) 
a eearl
be eroga
e from. Co eque
l ome rgh
 ma o
be
eroga
e from beaue
he are o ere
o be  here

o
he
Cove a
a a whole; o e uh example 
he rgh

o jual
remee  o e
o w
h arre
 a  e
e
o  a e
ou

ar
le 9(3) a  (4); o
her ma alo be o -erogable beaue
he
are  pe able
o
he effe
ve e jome
of
he rgh

ha
are
expl
l l
e  ar
le 4(2) uh a
he rgh

o a far
ral for
pero 
hrea
e e w
h
he ea
h pe al
. Vhe Comm

ee ha
fur
her hel u er
he Op
o al Pro
ool
o
he YCCP
ha

he rgh


o be
re b a  epe e
a  mpar
al
rbu al  a abolu
e
rgh

ha
ma uffer o exep
o .
(4)
he o 
o of 
r
ee
. Vh o 
o mea 
ha

he
S
a
e par
 a o l
ake meaure eroga
 g from 
 oblga
o 
u er
he ... Cove a

o
he ex
e

r
l requre b
he
exge e of
he 
ua
o ; a ompare
o
he or ar lm
a
o
provo  eal
w
h above
he o 
o of 
r
ee

ompel a arrow o 
ru
o of
he pr ple of propor
o al
 

ha

he legla
ve meaure
ake mu
a uh be 
r
l requre
b
he exge e of
he emerge  
ua
o ; a  eo l a 
 vual meaure
ake o
he ba of
ha
legla
o mu

lkewe be 
r
l propor
o a
e. Y

hu eear
o o er
whe
her
he meaure o er e are 
r
l requre  orer
o
eal w
h
he emerge  
ua
o .
(5)
he o 
o of o 
e  w
h o
her 
er a
o al legal
oblga
o . O
he ba of
h o 
o 
he uma gh

Comm

ee   pr ple au
hore
o exam e whe
her meaure
of eroga
o mgh
be u lawful a be g  o 
e
w
h o
her

er a
o al
rea
e uh a for  
a e o
her
rea
e for
he
pro
e
o of
he  vual or eve 
er a
o al huma 
ara law
or u
omar 
er a
o al law.
(6)
he o 
o of o -rm a
o . Vhe meaure of eroga
o
ma o
 volve rm a
o olel o
he grou  of rae olour
ex la guage relgo or oal org  (ar
. 4(g)  f e). Vh  a
mpor
a
o 
o  e 
 par
ularl  emerge  
ua
o 

ha

here  a rk of mpo g rm a
or meaure whh have
o obje
ve a  reao able ju
fa
o .
(7)
he o 
o of 
er a
o al o
fa
o . Y orer
o aval 
elf
of
he rgh
of eroga
o  a S
a
e par
 mu
 la
l alo fulfll
he
o 
o  e
ou
 ar
le 4(3) of
he Cove a
 b mmea
el
ubm

 g a o
fa
o of eroga
o
o
he o
her S
a
e par
e

hrough
he Sere
ar-Ge eral. Y
h o
fa
o 
mu
erbe

he provo  from whh 
ha eroga
e a  ...
he reao  b
whh 
wa a
ua
e. eo  o
fa
o mu
be ubm

e o

he a
e o whh 

erm a
e uh eroga
o .

 
 $ 
 
U er
he YCCP a  
 Op
o al Pro
ool
here are
hree
proeure for mpleme
 g
he provo  of
he YCCP (g)
he
3g
repor
oral proeure  (2)
he 
er-S
a
e ommu a
o 
32
33
proeure  a  (3)
he  vual ommu a
o  proeure .

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Page
2 of g *





? " 


 ($ 
Eah S
a
e par

o
he Y
er a
o al Cove a
o
Eo om Soal a  Cul
ural gh
 u er
ake
o
ake 
ep
 vuall a 
hrough 
er a
o al a
a e a  o-opera
o 
epeall eo om a 
eh al
o
he maxmum of 
 avalable
reoure w
h a vew
o ahev g progrevel
he full reala
o
of
he rgh
 reog e 
he ... Cove a
b all appropra
e mea 
 lu g par
ularl
he aop
o of legla
ve meaure (ar
.
2(g)). l
hough
he Cove a

hu prove for progreve
reala
o a  ak owlege
he o 
ra
 ue
o lm
 of
avalable reoure
he Comm

ee o Eo om Soal a 
Cul
ural gh
 emphae  Ge eral Comme
?o. 3
ha

alo
mpoe varou oblga
o  whh are of mmea
e effe
. Y
he
vew of
he Comm

ee
wo of
hee are of par
ular mpor
a e
amel fr

he u er
ak g  ar
le 2(2)
o guara
ee
ha

he
rgh
 e u a
e 
he ... Cove a
wll be exere w
hou

rm a
o  o er
a pef grou ; a  eo 
he
u er
ak g  ar
le 2(g)
o
ake 
ep
 whh  
elf  o

qualfe or lm
e b o
her o era
o . Y o
her wor whle

he full reala
o of
he releva
rgh
 ma be aheve
progrevel 
ep
owar
ha
goal mu
be
ake w
h a
reao abl hor

me af
er
he Cove a

 e
r 
o fore for
he
S
a
e o er e. Suh 
ep houl be elbera
e o re
e a 

arge
e a learl a poble
owar mee
 g
he oblga
o 
reog e 
he Cove a
.





 ($ 
Vhee are
he rgh

o work  lu g
he rgh

o ga
o e
 lv g b work freel hoe or aep
e (ar
. 6);

he rgh

o e jo ju
a  favorable o 
o  of work  lu g
far remu era
o for work of equal value w
hou

 
o of a 
k  (ar
. 7);
he rgh

o form
rae u o  a  jo
he
rae u o
of o e
 hoe (ar
. 8);
he rgh

o oal eur
  lu g oal
 ura e (ar
. 9); pro
e
o a  a
a e
o
he faml; marrage

o be freel e
ere 
o; ma
er 
 pro
e
o ; pro
e
o a 
a
a e
o hlre a  ou g pero  (ar
. g0); rgh

o a
aequa
e 
a ar of lv g  lu g aequa
e foo lo
h g a 
hou g a 
o
he o
 uou mproveme
of lv g o 
o 
(ar
. gg);
he rgh

o
he hghe
a

a able 
a ar of phal a 
me
al heal
h (ar
. g2);
he rgh

o eua
o (ar
. g3;35);
he
u er
ak g
o evelop e
ale pla  of a
o where ompulor
prmar eua
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e
eure (ar
. g4;36);
he rgh

o
ake
par
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ural lfe
o e jo
he be ef
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f progre a 
o
be ef
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he pro
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o of
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 prou
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h
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hermore lm
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ve of
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ve a  mu
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alogue o
ha

he Comm

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ua
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hem
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o  uh a
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re a  ba k. Vhe
e
ere bul g elare
ha

he ha
ake power a 
a ou e
her eo
o re ame
he Prjeor u pal

Srpka op
 a Prjeor (Serb u pal
 of Prjeor). uharem
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he E
or- -Chef of ao Prjeor a

he
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he earl mor  g of 30 prl

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g992. Whe he arrve
he rao 
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o wa urrou e b

oler. lomr S
ak who before
he
ake-over ha bee Me
Charma of
he u pal embl a  af
erwar beame
he
Charma of
he Serb u pal embl expla e o
he rao
wha
ha happe e a 
he SDS' 
e
o  w
h regar
o Prjeor
mu pal
. Vhe a

ak o
he earb
ow of Koara o 24 a
g992 whh  lue
wo a of ar
ller barrage a  a aaul
b
a meha e brgae of
roop reul
e 
he kll g of ome 800
vla  ou
of a popula
o of arou  4000. Whe
he
ow ha
bee ap
ure
he Bo a Serb fore proeee
o rou  up a 
rve ou
of
he area o foo

he e
re o -Serb popula
o . Dur g

he oure of
he e
h  lea  g of Koara ma  more vla 
were bea
e  robbe a  murere b Bo a Serb paraml
ar
a  ml
ar fore.
Dur g
he oupa
o of Koara Duko Va
par
pa
e 
he olle
o a  fore
ra fer of vla . 
he
refugee were here ow
he ol Prjeor-Ba ja Luka roa 
he
re
o of Koarua ma  of
hem were  gle ou
a  o e
remove from
he olum  were ho
b member of
he Bo a
Serb fore. f
er
he
ake-over of Prjeor a 
he ou
l g area

he Serb fore o f e
houa  of ulm a  Croa
vla  

he Omarka Kera
erm a  Vr opolje amp. Vhe e
ablhme
of

hee amp wa par
of
he Grea
er Serba pla 
o expel o Serb from
he Prjeor u pal
. Dur g o f eme
 bo
h male
a  female pro er were ubje
e
o evere m
rea
me
 whh
 lue bea
 g exual aaul

or
ure a  exeu
o . Vhe
were alo ubje
e
o egra g phologal abue b be g
fore
o p
o
he ulm flag  g Serba a
o al
o g or
o
gve
he Serba
hree-f gere alu
e. Dr k g wa
er a
Omarka
wa of
e e e
o
he pro er for lo g pero a  wa  a 
eve
 u u
able for huma o ump
o  au g k e. Vhere
wa ver l

le 
he wa of lava
ore; pro er ha
o wa
hour
before be g allowe
o ue
hem a  ome
me rke be g
bea
e f
he ake
o ue
hem. Pro er were of
e fore
o
efea
e a  ur a
e 
her room. Vhere were o effe
ve
wah g fal
e a  me a 
her lo
he qukl beame fl
h
a  k eae were prevale
 a were au
e ae of arrhoea
a  e
er. Vhe rowe room were 
fl g 
he ummer hea

a  of
e guar refue
o ope w ow  room rowe
o
overflow g or ema e
he ha  g over of a  poeo 
pro er ha ma age
o re
a a
he pre of a ope w ow or
a pla
 jar of wa
er.
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he Vral Chamber re ere 
 jugme

o v
 g Duko Va o
he ba of  vual rm al
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u
e of
he Vrbu al) w
h (g)
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huma 
 (r
le 5 of
he S
a
u
e - pereu
o  o
pol
al raal a  or relgou grou ;  huma e a
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he law or u
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le 3
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me
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e ou
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he Defe e a 
he Proeu
o appeale
he Vral Chamber

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he Co ve
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be ef
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a
ae
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ha
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ha

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he requreme
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ou
 r
le 4 of
Ge eva Co ve
o YM are me

he v
m were pro
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e
pero  a
he fou 
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he ha  of arme fore of a
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be argue
ha

before 6 O
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he F ha
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he Soal
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o YM f

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h
provo oe o
requre all rme aga 
huma 

o have bee
perpe
ra
e w
h a rm a
or 
e
. Suh 
e
 o l mae
eear for o e ub-a
egor of
hoe rme amel
pereu
o  prove for  r
le 5 (h). logal o 
ru
o of
r
le 5 alo lea
o
he o luo
ha
 ge erall peak g
h
requreme
 o
la ow for all rme aga 
huma 
.
Y ee f 
were o
herwe wh houl r
le 5(h) pef
ha

pereu
o  fall u er
he Vrbu al
 jur
o f arre ou
o
pol
al raal a  relgou grou  Vh pefa
o woul be
llogal a  uperfluou. Y
 a eleme
ar rule of 
erpre
a
o

ha
o e houl o
o 
rue a provo or par
of a provo a f 

were uperfluou a  he e po
le
he preump
o 
warra
e
ha
law-maker e a
or agree upo rule
ha
are well

hough
ou
a  mea  gful  all
her eleme
. Vhe 
erpre
a
o

Page

of g *

of r
le 5 
he lgh
of 
 obje
a  purpoe bear ou

he above
propo
o . Vhe am of
hoe raf
 g
he S
a
u
e wa
o make all
rme aga 
huma 
 pu hable  lu g
hoe whh whle
fulfll g all
he o 
o  requre b
he o
o of uh rme
ma o
have bee perpe
ra
e o pol
al raal or relgou
grou  a pefe  paragraph (h) of r
le 5. Y lgh
of
he
 

cccc  of
he S
a
u
e o e fal
o ee
wh
he houl have eroul re
r
e
he la of offe e
om g w
h
he purvew of rme aga 
huma 

hu
leav g ou
e
h la all
he poble  
a e of erou a 
weprea or 
ema
 rme aga 
vla  o aou
o l of

her lak g a rm a
or 
e
. For example a rm a
or

e
requreme
woul preve

he pe ala
o of ra om a 
 rm a
e vole e 
e e
o prea
error amo g a vla
popula
o a a rme aga 
huma 
. for
or
he obje
a 
purpoe of r
le 5 woul be
hwar
e were 

o be ugge
e
ha


he rm a
or grou  requre are lm
e
o
he fve grou 
pu
for
h b
he Sere
ar-Ge eral  h epor
a 
ake up (w
h

he a
o   o e ae of
he fur
her grou  of ge er) 
he

a
eme
 mae 
he Seur
 Cou l b
hree of 
 member.
Suh a 
erpre
a
o of r
le 5 woul rea
e g fa
lau ae
b fal g
o pro
e
v
m group o
overe b
he l
e
rm a
or grou . Vhe expere e of ?a Germa 
emo 
ra
e
ha
rme aga 
huma 
 ma be omm

e o
rm a
or grou  o
her
ha
hoe e umera
e  r
le 5 (h)
uh a phal or me
al abl
 age or  frm
 or exual
prefere e. Smlarl
he ex
erm a
o of la e eme 
he
Sove
U o ur g
he g930 (am

el a 
he ae of ?a
o u
before
he Seo  Worl War a ourre e
ha

ook
plae 
me of peae o

me of arme o fl
) a 
he
epor
a
o of
he urba eua
e of Camboa u er
he Khmer
ouge be
wee g975-g979 prove o
her  
a e whh woul
o
fall u er
he amb
of rme aga 
huma 
 bae o
he

r
e umera
o of rm a
or grou  ugge
e b
he
Sere
ar-Ge eral  h epor
.

/c >"cY " ' Y- 'c#YY 'Gc Y
& 'c-c >"c'c"'. c
5 -CG-c('cY#".c Y
& '8c
Vhe
ral reul
e from umerou war rme a

rbu
e
o

he Empre of Japa (
he e
re l
of a
ro
e wa 
e 
he
eo a  
 lo g. Mer lo g.) a hav g bee omm

e ur g

he e
re pero mmea
el pree g a  ur g
he Worl War
YY. Vhe jugme
of
he Vrbu al fr
l
 ow all
he oure of

er a
o al legal oblga
o  of Japa
owar
he lle Power
a  all a
o 
ha

he oupe ur g
he war uh oblga
o 
hav g bee fou 
o have bee breahe. Vhee oblga
o 

oge
her w
h
her orrepo  g oure are
g. Oblga
o 
o preerve
he
err
oral a  am 
ra
ve
 epe e e of Ch a.
U 
e S
a
e Delara
o of g90g
Ye
 ?o
e of g908
? e-Power Vrea
 of g922
Cove a
of
he League of ?a
o  of g920
2. Oblga
o 
o preerve for
he worl
he pr ple of equal
a  mpar
al
rae w
h all par
 of Ch a
he oalle "Ope Door Pol".
U 
e S
a
e Delara
o of g900
o g90g
Ye
 ?o
e of g908
? e-Power Vrea
 of g922


c cc  c9 c 


3. Oblga
o 
o uppre
he ma ufa
ure
raff   a  ue of

opum a  a alogou rug.
Opum Co ve
o of g9g2
League of ?a
o  of g925
Opum Co ve
o of g93g
4. Oblga
o 
o repe

he
err
or of Power 
ere
e 
he
Paf.
Four-Power Vrea
 of g92g
?o
e
o ?e
herla  a  Por
ugal of g926
Cove a
of
he League of ?a
o  of g920

Page
+ of g *

5. Vhe Y 
rume
of Surre er whh prove
ha

he

Delara
o of Po
am wll be gve effe
mpoe
he
o 
o
ha
Co ve
o al War Crme a reog e b

er a
o al law a

he a
e of
he Delara
o (26 Jul
g945) woul be
he o l rme proeu
e;
6. Kll g 
he oure of bellgere
opera
o  exep

o far a
he o 

u
e vola
o  of
he rule of warfare
or
he law a  u
om of war are
he ormal  e
 of
war a  are o
murer;
7. Several of
he aue be g pro er of war are
rable
b our
mar
al a prove b
he Ge eva Co ve
o
g929 a  o
b
h Vrbu al.

5. Oblga
o 
o keep  vola
e
he
err
or of eu
ral Power.

Vo
hee efe e
he Vrbu al quo
e
he ame paage 
he
?uremberg Vrbu al eo before whh
he ame halle ge
were rae b Germa war offal. Vhe paage rea

ague M of g907
6. Oblga
o 
o olve pu
e be
wee
mea  or mea
o  or arb
ra
o .

a
o  b ploma


Ye
 ?o
e of g908

Four-Power Vrea
 of g92g
? e-Power Vrea
 of g922
ague of g907
Pa
of Par of g928
7. Oblga
o  eg e
o e ure
he paf e

leme
of

er a
o al pu
e.
ague of g899
ague of g907
Pa
of Par of g928
8. Oblga
o
o gve prevou war  g before omme  g
ho
l
e.
ague YYY of g907
9. Oblga
o  rela
ve
o huma e o u
 warfare.
ague YM of g907 Ge eva e Cro of g929
Ge eva P.O.W. of g9g9
Y a
o 
he releva
pr ple of 
er a
o al law e u a
e 

he eo of
he Vrbu al were
hoe mae  repo e
o
he
jur
o al halle ge poe b
he aue Japa ee war offal.
Vhee jur
o al efe e are
g. Vhe lle Power a
 g
hrough
he Supreme
Comma er have o au
hor

o  lue 
he Char
er of

he Vrbu al a 
o eg a
e a ju
able "Crme aga 

Peae" (r
le 5(a));
2. ggreve war  o
per e llegal a 
he Pa
of Par
of g928 re ou  g war a a  
rume
of a
o al pol
oe o
e large
he mea  g of war rme or o 

u
e
war a rme;
3. War 
he a
of a a
o for whh
here  o  vual
repo bl
 u er 
er a
o al law;
4. Vhe provo  of
he Char
er are "ex po
fa
o"
legla
o a 
herefore llegal;

Vhe Char
er  Y
Y 
  Y Y  Y 
 Y
V +' o
a arb
rar exere of power o
he par

of
he v
orou a
o  bu

he expreo of

er a
o al law ex
 g a

he
me of 
 rea
o . Vhe
que
o  wha
wa
he legal effe
of
h pa
(Pa
of
Par ugu
27 g928) Vhe ?a
o  who g e
he pa

or ahere
o 
u o 
o all o em e reoure
o
war for
he fu
ure a a  
rume
of pol a  exprel
re ou e 
. f
er
he g  g of
he pa
a  a
o
reor
 g
o war a a  
rume
of a
o al pol break

he pa
. Y
he op o of
he Vrbu al
he olem
re u a
o of war a a  
rume
of a
o al pol
eearl  volve
he propo
o
ha
uh a war 
llegal  
er a
o al law; a 
ha

hoe who pla a 
wage uh a war w
h 
  ev
able a 
errble
o eque e are omm

 g a rme  o o g. Vhe
pr ple of 
er a
o al law whh u er er
a
rum
a e pro
e

he repree
a
ve of a 
a
e
a o
be apple
o a
 whh are o em e a
rm al b 
er a
o al law. Vhe au
hor of
hee a

a o
hel
er
hemelve beh 
her offal po
o 
orer
o be free from pu hme
 appropra
e
proee g. Vhe maxm ' ullum rme  e lege'  o
a
lm
a
o of overeg
 bu
  ge eral a pr ple of
ju
e. Vo aer

ha

 u ju

o pu h
hoe who 
efa e of
rea
e a  aura e have a

ake
eghbour g 
a
e w
hou
war  g  obvoul u
rue
for  uh rum
a e
he a

aker mu
k ow
ha
he
 o g wro g a  o far from 
be g u ju

o pu h
hm 
woul be u ju
f h wro g were allowe
o go
u pu he. Vhe Char
er pefall prove . . . '
he fa


ha
a efe a
a
e purua

o orer of h
Gover me
or of a uperor hall o
free hm from
repo bl
 bu
ma be o ere  m
ga
o of
pu hme
.' Vh provo   o form
 w
h
he law
of all a
o  . . . Vhe
rue
e
whh  fou   var g
egree 
he rm al law of mo
a
o   o

he
ex
e e of
he orer bu
whe
her moral hoe wa 
fa
poble.
Vhe Vrbu al alo e
ablhe
he ra
o ale for hol g repo ble
gover me
offal for
he ll-
rea
me
of pro er ur g
he
war. Y pla g
he bure of e ur g
he proper
rea
me
of
pro er upo
he gover me
(ra
her
ha merel
he ml
ar
offer a
uall e gage  war 
he fel) of
he 
a
e hol g

hem  e
e
o 
he Vrbu al ra
o a
e


c cc  c9 c 


Pro er
ake  war a  vla 
er ee are 
he

power of
he Gover me
whh ap
ure
hem. Vh wa
o
alwa
he ae. For
he la

wo e
ure however

h po
o ha bee reog e a 
he u
omar law

o
h effe
wa formall emboe 
he ague
Co ve
o ?o. YM  g907 a  repea
e 
he Ge eva
Pro er of War Co ve
o of g929. epo bl
 for
he
are of pro er of war a  of vla 
er ee (all of
who we wll refer
o a "pro er") re

herefore w
h

he Gover me
hav g
hem  poeo . Vh
repo bl
  o
lm
e
o
he u
 of mere
ma
e a e bu
ex
e 
o
he preve
o of
m
rea
me
. Y par
ular a
 of  huma 

o
pro er whh are forbe b
he u
omar law of
a
o  a well a b o ve
o  are
o be preve
e b

he Gover me
hav g repo bl
 for
he pro er.
Y
he harge of
hee u
e
o pro er Gover me

mu
have reor

o pero . Y ee
he Gover me

repo ble 
h e e are
hoe pero  who re

a  o
rol
he fu 
o  of Gover me
. Y
h ae a 

he above regar we are o er e w
h
he member
of
he Japa ee Cab e
. Vhe u

o pro er  o
a
mea  gle oblga
o a
upo a pol
al ab
ra
o . Y

 a pef u

o be performe 
he fr
ae b
hoe
pero  who o 

u
e
he Gover me
. Y
he mul

ue
of u
e a 
ak  volve  moer gover me

here
 of ee
 a elabora
e 
em of ubvo a 
elega
o of u
e. Y
he ae of
he u
 of
Gover me

o pro er hel b
hem 
me of war

hoe pero  who o 

u
e
he Gover me
have
he
pr pal a  o
 u g repo bl
 for
her pro er
eve
hough
he elega
e
he u
e of ma
e a e a 
pro
e
o
o o
her.
Y ge eral
he repo bl
 for pro er hel b Japa
ma be 
a
e
o have re
e upo
g. ember of
he Gover me
;
2. l
ar or ?aval Offer  omma  of forma
o 
hav g pro er 
her poeo ;
3. Offal 
hoe epar
me
 whh were
o er e w
h
he well-be g of pro er;
4. Offal whe
her vla  ml
ar or aval hav g
re
a  mmea
e
o
rol of pro er.
Y

he u
 of all
hoe o whom repo bl
 re

o
eure proper
rea
me
of pro er a 
o preve

her
ll-
rea
me
b e
ablh g a  eur g
he o
 uou
a  effe
work g of a 
em appropra
e for
hee
purpoe. Suh pero  fal 
h u
 a  beome
repo ble for ll-
rea
me
of pro er f
g. Vhe fal
o e
ablh uh a 
em.
2. Yf hav g e
ablhe uh a 
em
he fal
o
eure 
 o
 ue a  effe
work g.
Eah of uh pero  ha a u

o aer
a
ha

he

em  work g a  f he egle

o o o he 

Page +* of g *

repo ble. e oe o
harge h u
 b merel

 

u
 g a appropra
e 
em a 
hereaf
er
egle
 g
o lear of 
 appla
o . rm Comma er
or a  
er of War for example mu
be a

he ame
pa 
o e ure obee e
o h orer 
h repe
a
he woul  repe
of o
her orer he ha ue o
ma

er of
he fr
mpor
a e.
?ever
hele uh pero  are o
repo ble f a proper

em a  
 o
 uou effe
fu 
o  g be
prove for a  o ve
o al war rme be omm

e
u le
g. Vhe ha k owlege
ha
uh rme were be g
omm

e a  hav g uh k owlege
he fale
o

ake uh 
ep a were w
h
her power
o
preve

he ommo of uh rme 
he fu
ure or
2. Vhe are a
faul
 hav g rale
o aqure uh
k owlege.
Yf uh a pero ha or houl bu
for eglge e or
up e e have ha uh k owlege he  o
exue
for  a
o f h Offe requre or perm

e hm
o
ake
a  a
o
o preve
uh rme. O
he o
her ha  

o
e ough for
he exulpa
o of a pero  o
herwe
repo ble for hm
o how
ha
he aep
e aura e
from o
her more re
l aoa
e w
h
he o
rol of

he pro er f hav g regar
o
he po
o of
hoe
o
her
o
he freque  of repor
 of uh rme or
o
a  o
her rum
a e he houl have bee pu
upo
fur
her e qur a
o whe
her
hoe aura e were
rue
or u
rue. Vha
rme are o
orou umerou a 
weprea a
o
me a  plae are ma

er
o be
o ere  mpu
 g k owlege.
member of a Cab e
whh olle
vel a o e of
he
pr pal orga  of
he Gover me
  repo ble for
he
are of pro er  o
abolve from repo bl
 f
hav g k owlege of
he ommo of
he rme 
he
e e alrea ue a  om

 g or fal g
o eure

he
ak g of meaure
o preve

he ommo of uh
rme 
he fu
ure he ele

o o
 ue a a member of

he Cab e
. Vh 
he po
o eve
hough
he
Depar
me
of whh he ha
he harge  o
re
l
o er e w
h
he are of pro er. Cab e
member
ma reg . Yf he ha k owlege of ll-
rea
me
of
pro er bu
ele

o rema 
he Cab e

hereb
o
 u g
o par
pa
e  
 olle
ve repo bl
 for
pro
e
o of pro er he wll gl aume repo bl

for a  ll-
rea
me

he fu
ure.
rm of ?av Comma er a  b orer eure proper

rea
me
a  preve
ll-
rea
me
of pro er. So a
 
er of War a  of
he ?av. f rme are omm

e
aga 
pro er u er
her o
rol of
he lkel
oura e of whh
he ha or houl have ha
k owlege  ava e
he are repo ble for
hoe
rme. Yf for example 
be how
ha
w
h
he u 

u er h omma  o ve
o al war rme have bee
omm

e of whh he k ew or houl have k ow  a
omma er who
ake o aequa
e 
ep
o preve

he
ourre e of uh rme 
he fu
ure wll be repo ble
for uh fu
ure rme.


c cc  c9 c 


Depar
me
Offal hav g k owlege of ll-
rea
me
of

pro er are o
repo ble b reao of
her falure
o
reg ; bu
f
her fu 
o   lue
he am 
ra
o of

he 
em of pro
e
o of pro er a  f
he ha or
houl have ha k owlege of rme a   o
h g
effe
ve
o
he ex
e
of
her power
o preve

her
ourre e 
he fu
ure
ha

he are repo ble for uh
fu
ure rme.
/c >"c &"#
"c Y
& 'c
Vhe
ral reul
e from
he war rme a  o
her a
ro
e
mpu
e
o Germa war offal ur g
he Worl War YY. Lke
he
Voko War Crme Vrbu al
he eo of
he Vrbu al 
?uremberg l
 ow (a
le g
h) all
he a
ro
e allegel
omm

e b Germa  ur g
he war par
ularl  Europea

a
e
ha

he have oupe a  aga 

he Jewh people who
have beome prmar v
m of 
 ra 
ampag . For
he
purpoe of 
er a
o al law
he follow g are ome of
he
ee
al pr ple e u a
e b
he Vrbu al  repo e
o
he
varou efe e rae b
he aue Germa war offal.
g.c FYSV DEFE?SE Vhe huma 
ara law provo  of
he
ague Co ve
o o o
appl beaue ome of
he

a
e who par
pa
e 
he War were o
par
e
o
he
Co ve
o . Vhe Vrbu al reje

h propo
o a 
a
egorall 
a
e
ha

he provo  of
he ague
Co ve
o are ar
ula
o  of u
omar 
er a
o al
law rela
 g
o warfare a  o all 
a
e are bou 
o
hem
regarle of o ve
o al oblga
o 
Y
 argue
ha

he ague Co ve
o oe o

appl 
h ae beaue of
he "ge eral
par
pa
o " laue  r
le 2 of
he ague
Co ve
o of g907. Vha
laue prove
"Vhe provo  o
a e 
he regula
o 
(ule of La  Warfare referre
o  r
le g a
well a 
he pree
Co ve
o o o
appl
exep
be
wee o
ra
 g power a 
he
o l f all
he bellgere
 are par
e
o
he
Co ve
o ."
Several of
he bellgere
 
he ree
war
were o
par
e
o
h Co ve
o .
Y
he op o of
he Vrbu al 
 o
eear

o ee
h que
o . Vhe rule of la  warfare
expree 
he Co ve
o u oub
el
repree
e a ava e over ex
 g

er a
o al law a

he
me of
her aop
o .
Bu

he Co ve
o exprel 
a
e
ha

wa
a a

emp
"
o reve
he ge eral law a 
u
om of war" whh 

hu reog e
o be

he ex
 g bu
b g939
hee rule la ow

he Co ve
o were reog e b all vle
a
o  a  were regare a be g elara
or
of
he law a  u
om of war whh are
referre
o  r
le 6 (b) of
he Char
er.
2.c SECO?D DEFE?SE Vhe rule of warfare eae
o be
applable b
he
me
he oupe
err
ore were
 orpora
e 
o Germa  beaue b
he 
he are
o
be
rea
e a Germa
err
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ma e
her be

(f) ' 
o omm
uh a rme b
ak g a
o
ha

omme e 
 exeu
o b mea  of a ub
a
al 
ep
cc$
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. owever a
pero who aba o 
he effor

o omm

he rme or
o
herwe preve

he omple
o of
he rme hall o

be lable for pu hme
u er
h S
a
u
e for
he
a

emp

o omm

ha
rme f
ha
pero omple
el
a  volu
arl gave up
he rm al purpoe.
r
le 26 "1$
cc

$
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r
le 29 9
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c
c
Vhe rme w
h
he jur
o of
he Cour
hall o
be ubje

o
a  
a
u
e of
lm
a
o .

() ae b o
her pero ; or

() Co 

u
e b o
her rum
a e
beo 
ha
pero ' o
rol.
r
le 32 #
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g. m
ake of fa
hall be a grou  for exlu g rm al
repo bl
 o l f 
ega
e
he me
al eleme

requre b
he rme.

r
le 30 #c c

2. m
ake of law a
o whe
her a par
ular
pe of
o u
 a rme w
h
he jur
o of
he Cour
hall
o
be a grou  for exlu g rm al repo bl
.
m
ake of law ma however be a grou 

g. U le o
herwe prove a pero hall be rm all

repo ble a  lable for pu hme
for a rme w
h

he jur
o of
he Cour
o l f
he ma
eral eleme

are omm

e 
c
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2. For
he purpoe of
h ar
le a pero ha 
e

where
(a) Y rela
o
o o u

ha
pero mea 
o
e gage 
he o u
;
(b) Y rela
o
o a o eque e
ha
pero
mea 
o aue
ha
o eque e or  aware

ha

wll our 
he or ar oure of eve
.
3. For
he purpoe of
h ar
le "k owlege" mea  c
cc$
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c$$ 
he
or ar oure of eve
. "K ow" a  "k ow gl" hall be
o 
rue aor gl.
r
le 3g cc1$
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c


c
g. Y a
o
o o
her grou  for exlu g rm al
repo bl
 prove for 
h S
a
u
e a pero hall
o
be rm all repo ble f a

he
me of
ha

pero ' o u

(a) Vhe pero uffer from a c

(b) Vhe pero   a cc
1
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1
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u er uh rum
a e
ha

he pero k ew
or regare
he rk
ha
 a a reul
of
he

oxa
o  he or he wa lkel
o e gage 
o u
o 

u
 g a rme w
h
he
jur
o of
he Cour
;
() Vhe pero a
 reao abl cc
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 aga 
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a c
u lawful ue of fore  a ma er propor
o a
e

o
he egree of a ger
o
he pero or
he
o
hercpero or proper
 pro
e
e.
() Vhe o u
whh  allege
o o 

u
e a
rme w
h
he jur
o of
he Cour
ha

r
le 33 .
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ccc
c
g. Vhe fa

ha
a rme w
h
he jur
o of
he Cour

ha bee omm

e b a pero
purua

o a ccc cccc

whe
her ml
ar or vla  hall o

releve
ha
pero of rm al repo bl
 u le
(a) Vhe pero wa ccc


o
obe orer of
he Gover me
or
he
uperor  que
o ;
(b) Vhe pero 
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() Vhe ccc 
c.
2. For
he purpoe of
h ar
le orer
o omm

ge oe or rme aga 
huma 
 are
ma fe
l u lawful.

Y
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r
. 2. Y a
o
o
he provo  whh hall be mpleme
e 
peae
me
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o all ae of
elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are
be
wee
wo or more of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he

a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem.

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c
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Page +3 of g *

Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or
o
al

oupa
o of
he
err
or of a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f
he
a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e.

orga a
o ma ubje

o
he o e
of
he Par
e
o
he

o fl
o er e u er
ake for
he pro
e
o of wou e a 
k meal pero el a  hapla  a  for
her relef.

l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par

o
he

pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall
rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore
be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he
la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof.

>' "cYY/c(-& %"%c' %c.YCc

r
. g2. ember of
he arme fore a  o
her pero  me
o e

he follow g r
le who are wou e or k hall be repe
e
a  pro
e
e  all rum
a e.
Vhe hall be
rea
e huma el a  are for b
he Par


o
he o fl
 whoe power
he ma be w
hou
a  avere

 
o fou e o ex rae a
o al
 relgo  pol
al
op o  or a  o
her mlar r
era.  a

emp
 upo
her lve
or vole e
o
her pero  hall be 
r
l prohb
e;  par
ular

he hall o
be murere or ex
erm a
e ubje
e
o
or
ure or

o bologal experme
;
he hall o
wlfull be lef
w
hou

meal a
a e a  are or hall o 
o  expo g
hem
o
o
ago or  fe
o be rea
e.
O l urge
meal reao  wll au
hore pror
 
he
orer of
rea
me

o be am 
ere.
Wome hall be
rea
e w
h all o era
o ue
o
her
ex. Vhe Par

o
he o fl
whh  ompelle
o aba o
wou e or k
o
he e em hall a far a ml
ar o era
o 
perm
 leave w
h
hem a par
of 
 meal pero el a  ma
eral

o a

her are.

(>' cY.c"J&Y"%cHccc$cEcccc
 Ic
r
. 3. Y
he ae of arme o fl
o
of a 
er a
o al hara
er
ourr g 
he
err
or of o e of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eah
Par

o
he o fl
hall be bou 
o appl cc

 
he
follow g provo 
(g) Pero 
ak g o a
ve par

he ho
l
e  lu g
member of arme fore who have la ow
her arm a 
hoe
plae hor e omba
b k e wou  e
e
o  or a  o
her
aue hall  all rum
a e be
rea
e huma el w
hou
a 
avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour relgo or fa
h ex
br
h or weal
h or a  o
her mlar r
era.
Vo
h e 
he follow g a
 are a  hall rema
prohb
e a
a 
me a   a  plae wha
oever w
h repe

o

he above-me
o e pero 
(a) vole e
o lfe a  pero   par
ular murer of all k 
mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure;
(b)
ak g of ho
age;
() ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a 
egra g
rea
me
;
()
he pa g of e
e e a 
he arr g ou
of exeu
o 
w
hou
prevou jugeme
pro ou e b a regularl o 

u
e
our
 affor g all
he jual guara
ee whh are reog e a
 pe able b vle people.
(2) Vhe wou e a  k hall be olle
e a  are for.
mpar
al huma 
ara bo uh a
he Y
er a
o al
Comm

ee of
he e Cro ma offer 
 erve
o
he Par
e
o

he o fl
.
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o
fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
he o
her
provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o .
Vhe appla
o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal

a
u of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
.
r
. 4. ?eu
ral Power hall appl b a alog
he provo  of
he
pree
Co ve
o
o
he wou e a  k a 
o member of

he meal pero el a 
o hapla  of
he arme fore of
he
Par
e
o
he o fl
 reeve or 
er e 
her
err
or a well
a
o ea pero  fou .
r
. 5. For
he pro
e
e pero  who have falle 
o
he ha  of

he e em
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl u
l
her f al
repa
ra
o .
r
. 7. Wou e a  k a well a member of
he meal
pero el a  hapla     Y YY  par

or  e
re

he rgh
 eure
o
hem b
he pree
Co ve
o 
a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o 
he forego g r
le f
uh
here be.
r
. 9. Vhe provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o o 

u
e o
ob
ale
o
he huma 
ara a
v
e whh
he Y
er a
o al
Comm

ee of
he e Cro or a  o
her mpar
al huma 
ara

r
. g3. Vhe pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o
he wou e a  k
belo g g
o
he follow g a
egore
(g) ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
 a well a
member of ml
a or volu
eer orp form g par
of uh arme
fore.
(2) ember of o
her ml
a a  member of o
her volu
eer
orp  lu g
hoe of orga e re
a e moveme

belo g g
o a Par

o
he o fl
a  opera
 g  or ou
e
her
ow
err
or eve f
h
err
or  oupe prove
ha
uh
ml
a or volu
eer orp  lu g uh orga e re
a e
moveme
 fulfl
he follow g o 
o 
(a)
ha
of be g omma e b a pero repo ble for h
ubor a
e;
(b)
ha
of hav g a fxe 
 
ve g reog able a
a 
a e;
()
ha
of arr g arm ope l;
()
ha
of o u
 g
her opera
o   aora e w
h
he law
a  u
om of war.
(3) ember of regular arme fore who profe allega e
o a
Gover me
or a au
hor
 o
reog e b
he De
a  g Power.
(4) Pero  who aompa 
he arme fore w
hou
a
uall be g
member
hereof uh a vl member of ml
ar arraf
rew
war orrepo e
 uppl o
ra
or member of labour u 
 or
of erve repo ble for
he welfare of
he arme fore prove

ha

he have reeve au
hora
o from
he arme fore whh

he aompa .
(5) ember of rew  lu g ma
er plo
 a  appre
e of

he merha
mar e a 
he rew of vl arraf
of
he Par
e
o

he o fl
 who o o
be ef
b more favourable
rea
me

u er a  o
her provo   
er a
o al law.
(6) Y hab
a
 of a o -oupe
err
or who o
he approah of

he e em po
a eoul
ake up arm
o re

he  va g fore
w
hou
hav g ha
me
o form
hemelve 
o regular arme
u 
 prove
he arr arm ope l a  repe

he law a 
u
om of war.
r
. g4. Subje

o
he provo  of r
le g2
he wou e a  k
of a bellgere
who fall 
o e em ha  hall be pro er of war
a 
he provo  of 
er a
o al law o er  g pro er of war
hall appl
o
hem.


c cc  c9 c 


r
. g5.
all
me a  par
ularl af
er a e gageme
 Par
e
o

he o fl
++  Y+  "Y+++YY Y Y 

 ++Y  YY"   Y  Y
 ++
Y

++( Y Y  Y Y Y Y. Y Y Y 
 
YY YY  Y Y
Y+Y.
Whe ever rum
a e perm
 a arm
e or a
upe o of fre hall be arra ge or loal arra geme
 mae
o
perm

he removal exha ge a 
ra por
of
he wou e lef
o

he ba

lefel.
Lkewe loal arra geme
 ma be o lue be
wee
Par
e
o
he o fl
for
he removal or exha ge of wou e a 
k from a beege or e rle area a  for
he paage of
meal a  relgou pero el a  equpme
o
her wa
o
ha

area.
%& Gc -c"-%c >"c(-& %"%A.YCA%"'%c
r
. g6. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall reor a oo a poble 
repe
of eah wou e k or ea pero of
he avere Par

fall g 
o
her ha  a  par
ular whh ma a
 h
e
fa
o .
Vhee reor houl f poble  lue
(a) eg a
o of
he Power o whh he epe ;
(b) arm regme
al pero al or eral umber;
() ur ame;
() fr
ame or ame;
(e) a
e of br
h;
(f) a  o
her par
ular how o h e

 ar or ;
(g) a
e a  plae of ap
ure or ea
h;
(h) par
ular o er  g wou  or ll e or aue of ea
h.
 oo a poble
he above me
o e  forma
o hall be
forware
o
he Y forma
o Bureau erbe  r
le g22 of
he
Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of
g2 ugu
g949 whh hall
ra m

h  forma
o
o
he Power
o whh
hee pero  epe 
hrough
he 
ermear of
he
Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he Ce
ral Pro er of War ge .
Par
e
o
he o fl
hall prepare a  forwar
o eah o
her

hrough
he ame bureau er
fa
e of ea
h or ul au
he
a
e
l
 of
he ea. Vhe hall lkewe olle
a  forwar
hrough
he
ame bureau o e half of a ouble e

  la
wll or o
her
oume
 of mpor
a e
o
he ex
of k  mo e a   ge eral
all ar
le of a 
r  or e
me
al value whh are fou  o

he ea. Vhee ar
le
oge
her w
h u e
fe ar
le hall be
e
 eale pake
 aompa e b 
a
eme
 gv g all
par
ular eear for
he e
fa
o of
he eeae ow er
a well a b a omple
e l
of
he o
e
 of
he parel.
Y> c -c
&Y'c
r
. g7. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e ure
ha
bural or rema
o
of
he ea arre ou
 vuall a far a rum
a e perm

 preee b a areful exam a
o  f poble b a meal
exam a
o  of
he boe w
h a vew
o o frm g ea
h
e
ablh g e

 a  e abl g a repor

o be mae. O e half of

he ouble e

  or
he e

  
elf f 
 a  gle 
houl rema o
he bo.
Boe hall o
be rema
e exep
for mpera
ve
reao  of hge e or for mo
ve bae o
he relgo of
he
eeae. Y ae of rema
o 
he rum
a e a  reao  for
rema
o hall be 
a
e  e
al 
he ea
h er
fa
e or o
he
au
he
a
e l
of
he ea.
Vhe hall fur
her e ure
ha

he ea are ho ourabl

erre f poble aor g
o
he r
e of
he relgo
o whh

he belo ge
ha

her grave are repe
e groupe f poble
aor g
o
he a
o al
 of
he eeae properl ma
a e

Page +J of g *

a  marke o
ha

he ma alwa be fou . For
h purpoe

he hall orga e a

he omme eme
of ho
l
e a Offal
Grave eg
ra
o Serve
o allow ubeque
exhuma
o  a 

o e ure
he e
fa
o of boe wha
ever
he 
e of
he
grave a 
he poble
ra por
a
o
o
he home ou
r. Vhee
provo  hall lkewe appl
o
he ahe whh hall be kep
b

he Grave eg
ra
o Serve u
l proper poal
hereof 
aora e w
h
he whe of
he home ou
r.
 oo a rum
a e perm
 a  a
la
e
a

he e 
of ho
l
e
hee Serve hall exha ge
hrough
he Y forma
o
Bureau me
o e 
he eo  paragraph of r
le g6 l

how g
he exa
loa
o a  mark g of
he grave
oge
her
w
h par
ular of
he ea 
erre
here .
>-."c(>-c'Y%c >"c(-& %"%c'"c - c -c
"c>'#"%c
r
. g8. Vhe ml
ar au
hor
e ma appeal
o
he har
 of
he
 hab
a
 volu
arl
o olle
a  are for u er
her re
o 

he wou e a  k gra
 g pero  who have repo e
o
h
appeal
he eear pro
e
o a  fal
e. Shoul
he avere
Par

ake or re
ake o
rol of
he area he hall lkewe gra

hee
pero 
he ame pro
e
o a 
he ame fal
e.
Vhe ml
ar au
hor
e hall perm

he  hab
a
 a 
relef oe
e eve   vae or oupe area po
a eoul
o
olle
a  are for wou e or k of wha
ever a
o al
. Vhe
vla popula
o hall repe

hee wou e a  k a  
par
ular ab
a from offer g
hem vole e.
cc ccc cc$
$cc
c
cccc
$/c
Vhe provo  of
he pree
r
le o o
releve
he
oup g Power of 
 oblga
o
o gve bo
h phal a  moral
are
o
he wou e a  k.

cYYY/c#
$c&
cc"
 c
r
. g9. Fxe e
ablhme
 a  moble meal u 
 of
he
eal Serve ma  o rum
a e be a

ake bu
hall a
all

me be repe
e a  pro
e
e b
he Par
e
o
he o fl
.
Shoul
he fall 
o
he ha  of
he avere Par

her pero el
hall be free
o purue
her u
e a lo g a
he ap
ur g Power
ha o

elf e ure
he eear are of
he wou e a  k
fou   uh e
ablhme
 a  u 
/c
c
#"%Y'c& Y .c- "c
'%c
r
. 22. Vhe follow g o 
o  hall o
be o ere a eprv g
a meal u 
or e
ablhme
of
he pro
e
o guara
ee b
r
le g9
(g) Vha

he pero el of
he u 
or e
ablhme
are arme a 

ha

he ue
he arm 
her ow efe e or 
ha
of
he
wou e a  k 
her harge.
(2) Vha

he abe e of arme orerle
he u 
or e
ablhme

 pro
e
e b a pke
or b e
re or b a eor
.
(3) Vha
mall arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e a 
k a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve are fou  
he u 

or e
ablhme
.
(4) Vha
pero el a  ma
eral of
he ve
er ar erve are fou 

he u 
or e
ablhme
 w
hou
form g a 
egral par


hereof.
(5) Vha

he huma 
ara a
v
e of meal u 
 a 
e
ablhme
 or of
her pero el ex
e 
o
he are of vla
wou e or k.
cY4/c c
r
. 24. eal pero el exluvel e gage 
he earh for or

he olle
o 
ra por
or
rea
me
of
he wou e or k or 

he preve
o of eae 
aff exluvel e gage 
he


c cc  c9 c 


am 
ra
o of meal u 
 a  e
ablhme
 a well a

hapla  a

ahe
o
he arme fore hall be repe
e a 
pro
e
e  all rum
a e.
' &"%c>"' >c(-C"A>" ".c
r
. 28. Pero el eg a
e  r
le 24 a  26 who fall 
o
he
ha  of
he avere Par
 hall be re
a e o l  o far a
he

a
e of heal
h
he pr
ual ee a 
he umber of pro er of
war requre.
cc
cccc c
cc
. ?ever
hele
he hall a
lea
be ef
b all
he provo  of

he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of
War of g2 ugu
g949. W
h
he framework of
he ml
ar law
a  regula
o  of
he De
a  g Power a  u er
he au
hor
 of

 ompe
e
erve
he hall o
 ue
o arr ou
  aora e
w
h
her profeo al e
h
her meal a  pr
ual u
e o
behalf of pro er of war preferabl
hoe of
he arme fore
o
whh
he
hemelve belo g. Vhe hall fur
her e jo
he follow g
fal
e for arr g ou

her meal or pr
ual u
e
(a) Vhe hall be au
hore
o v
peroall
he pro er of war
 labour u 
 or hop
al ou
e
he amp. Vhe De
a  g Power
hall pu
a

her poal
he mea  of
ra por
requre.
(b) Y eah amp
he e or meal offer of
he hghe
ra k hall
be repo ble
o
he ml
ar au
hor
e of
he amp for
he
profeo al a
v
 of
he re
a e meal pero el. For
h
purpoe from
he ou
break of ho
l
e
he Par
e
o
he o fl

hall agree regar g
he orrepo  g e or
 of
he ra k of

her meal pero el  lu g
hoe of
he oe
e eg a
e
 r
le 26. Y all que
o  ar g ou
of
her u
e
h meal
offer a 
he hapla  hall have re
ae
o
he ml
ar a 
meal au
hor
e of
he amp who hall gra

hem
he fal
e

he ma requre for orrepo e e rela
 g
o
hee que
o .
() l
hough re
a e pero el  a amp hall be ubje

o 


er al pl e
he hall o
 however be requre
o perform
a  work ou
e
her meal or relgou u
e.
Dur g ho
l
e
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall make arra geme

for relev g where poble re
a e pero el a  hall e

le
he
proeure of uh relef.
?o e of
he pree g provo  hall releve
he De
a  g Power
of
he oblga
o  mpoe upo 
w
h regar
o
he meal a 
pr
ual welfare of
he pro er of war.
r
. 30. Pero el whoe re
e
o  o
 pe able b vr
ue of

he provo  of r
le 28 hall be re
ur e
o
he Par

o
he
o fl

o whom
he belo g a oo a a roa  ope for
her
re
ur a  ml
ar requreme
 perm
.
Pe  g
her re
ur 
he hall o
be eeme pro er
of war. ?ever
hele
he hall a
lea
be ef
b all
he provo 
of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of
War of g2 ugu
g949. Vhe hall o
 ue
o fulfl
her u
e
u er
he orer of
he avere Par
 a  hall preferabl be
e gage 
he are of
he wou e a  k of
he Par

o
he
o fl

o whh
he
hemelve belo g.
O
her epar
ure
he hall
ake w
h
hem
he effe

pero al belo g g valuable a   
rume
 belo g g
o
hem.
r
. 3g. Vhe ele
o of pero el for re
ur u er r
le 30 hall
be mae rrepe
ve of a  o era
o of rae relgo or
pol
al op o  bu
preferabl aor g
o
he hro ologal orer
of
her ap
ure a 
her 
a
e of heal
h.
 from
he ou
break of ho
l
e Par
e
o
he o fl

ma e
erm e b peal agreeme

he pere
age of pero el
o

Page +
of g *

be re
a e  propor
o
o
he umber of pro er a 
he


rbu
o of
he a pero el 
he amp.
c
c4/c


cc#
c
r
. 33. Vhe ma
eral of moble meal u 
 of
he arme fore
whh fall 
o
he ha  of
he e em hall be reerve for
he are
of wou e a  k.
Vhe bul g ma
eral a  
ore of fxe meal
e
ablhme
 of
he arme fore hall rema ubje

o
he law
of war bu
ma o
be ver
e from
her purpoe a lo g a
he
are requre for
he are of wou e a  k. ?ever
hele
he
omma er of fore 
he fel ma make ue of
hem  ae of
urge
ml
ar ee
 prove
ha

he make prevou
arra geme
 for
he welfare of
he wou e a  k who are
ure 
hem.
Vhe ma
eral a  
ore ef e 
he pree
r
le hall
o
be 
e
o all e
roe.
c4Y/c#
$c c
r
. 35. Vra por
 of wou e a  k or of meal equpme

hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame wa a moble meal
u 
.
Shoul uh
ra por
 or vehle fall 
o
he ha  of

he avere Par

he hall be ubje

o
he law of war o
o 
o
ha

he Par

o
he o fl
who ap
ure
hem hall  all
ae e ure
he are of
he wou e a  k
he o
a .
Vhe vla pero el a  all mea  of
ra por
ob
a e
b requ
o hall be ubje

o
he ge eral rule of 
er a
o al
law.
r
. 36. eal arraf

ha

o a arraf
exluvel emploe
for
he removal of wou e a  k a  for
he
ra por
of
meal pero el a  equpme
 hall o
be a

ake bu
hall
be repe
e b
he bellgere
 whle fl g a
hegh

me a 
o rou
e pefall agree upo be
wee
he bellgere

o er e.
Vhe hall bear learl marke
he 

$
c 
prerbe  r
le 38
oge
her w
h
her a
o al olour o
her
lower upper a  la
eral urfae. Vhe hall be prove w
h a 
o
her mark g or mea  of e
fa
o
ha
ma be agree upo
be
wee
he bellgere
 upo
he ou
break or ur g
he oure of
ho
l
e.
U le agree o
herwe flgh
 over e em or e emoupe
err
or are prohb
e.
eal arraf
hall obe ever ummo 
o la . Y
he
eve
of a la  g
hu mpoe
he arraf
w
h 
 oupa
 ma
o
 ue 
 flgh
af
er exam a
o  f a .
Y
he eve
of a  volu
ar la  g  e em or e emoupe
err
or
he wou e a  k a well a
he rew of
he
arraf
hall be pro er of war. Vhe meal pero el hall be

rea
e aor g
o r
le 24 a 
he r
le follow g.
c4YY/c c%

$
c"  c
r
. 38.  a omplme

o Sw
erla 
he heral emblem of
he
c$ o a wh
e grou  forme b rever g
he Feeral
olour  re
a e a
he emblem a  
 
ve g of
he
eal Serve of arme fore.
?ever
hele 
he ae of ou
re whh alrea ue a
emblem  plae of
he re ro
he re ree
or
he re lo
a  u o a wh
e grou 
hoe emblem are alo reog e b

he
erm of
he pree
Co ve
o .
r
. 40. Vhe pero el eg a
e  r
le 24 a   r
le 26 a 
27 hall wear affxe
o
he lef
arm a wa
er-re
a
armle


c cc  c9 c 


bear g
he 
 
ve emblem ue a  
ampe b
he ml
ar

au
hor
.
Suh pero el  a
o
o wear g
he e

 
me
o e  r
le g6 hall alo arr a peal e

 ar
bear g
he 
 
ve emblem. Vh ar hall be wa
er-re
a

a  of uh e
ha

a be arre 
he poke
. Y
hall be
wore 
he a
o al la guage hall me
o a
lea

he ur ame
a  fr
ame
he a
e of br
h
he ra k a 
he erve umber
of
he bearer a  hall 
a
e  wha
apa
 he  e

le
o
he
pro
e
o of
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe ar hall bear
he
pho
ograph of
he ow er a  alo e
her h g a
ure or h f gerpr
 or bo
h. Y
hall be emboe w
h
he 
amp of
he ml
ar
au
hor
.
Vhe e

 ar hall be u form
hroughou

he ame
arme fore a  a far a poble of a mlar
pe 
he arme
fore of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl

ma be gue b
he moel whh  a exe b wa of example

o
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe hall  form eah o
her a

he
ou
break of ho
l
e of
he moel
he are u g. Ye

 ar
houl be mae ou
 f poble a
lea
 upla
e o e op be g
kep
b
he home ou
r.
Y o rum
a e ma
he a pero el be eprve of

her  g a or e

 ar or of
he rgh

o wear
he armle
. Y
ae of lo
he hall be e

le
o reeve upla
e of
he ar
a 
o have
he  g a replae.
c
c4YYY/c"1$
ccc
c
r
. 46. epral aga 

he wou e k pero el bul g or
equpme
pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o are prohb
e.
r
. 47. Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake 
me of peae a

me of war
o em a
e
he
ex
of
he pree
Co ve
o a
wel a poble 
her repe
ve ou
re a   par
ular
o
 lue
he 
u
hereof 
her programme of ml
ar a  f
poble vl  
ru
o  o
ha

he pr ple
hereof ma beome
k ow
o
he e
re popula
o   par
ular
o
he arme fgh
 g
fore
he meal pero el a 
he hapla .
cY=/c
cc'ccY$
c
%& Gc -c"Y.' "c
r
. 49. Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake
o e a
a 
legla
o eear
o prove effe
ve pe al a 
o  for pero 
omm

 g or orer g
o be omm

e a  of
he grave breahe
of
he pree
Co ve
o ef e 
he follow g r
le.
Eah gh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall be u er
he oblga
o

o earh for pero  allege
o have omm

e or
o have orere

o be omm

e uh grave breahe a  hall br g uh pero 
regarle of
her a
o al
 before 
 ow our
. Y
ma alo f 

prefer a   aora e w
h
he provo  of 
 ow legla
o 
ha  uh pero  over for
ral
o a o
her gh Co
ra
 g Par

o er e prove uh gh Co
ra
 g Par
 ha mae ou
a
prma fae ae.
Eah gh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall
ake meaure eear
for
he uppreo of all a
 o
rar
o
he provo  of
he
pree
Co ve
o o
her
ha
he grave breahe ef e 
he
follow g r
le.
Y all rum
a e
he aue pero  hall be ef
b
afeguar of proper
ral a  efe e whh hall o
be le
favourable
ha
hoe prove b r
le g05 a 
hoe follow g
of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of
War of g2 ugu
g949.
r
. 50. c$
o whh
he pree g r
le rela
e hall
be
hoe  volv g a  of
he follow g a
 f omm

e aga 

pero  or proper
 pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o wlful kll g

Page ++ of g *

or
ure or  huma
rea
me
  lu g bologal experme


wlfull au g grea
uffer g or erou  jur
o bo or heal
h
a  ex
e ve e
ru
o a  appropra
o of proper
 o

ju
fe b ml
ar ee
 a  arre ou
u lawfull a 
wa
o l.
r
. 53. Vhe  b  vual oe
e frm or ompa e e
her
publ or prva
e o
her
ha
hoe e

le
here
o u er
he
pree
Co ve
o  of
he emblem or
he eg a
o " e Cro "
or " Ge eva Cro " or a  g or eg a
o o 

u
 g a
m
a
o
hereof wha
ever
he obje
of uh ue a  rrepe
ve
of
he a
e of 
 aop
o  cc

ccc
.
B reao of
he
rbu
e pa
o Sw
erla  b
he
aop
o of
he revere Feeral olour a  of
he o fuo
whh ma are be
wee
he arm of Sw
erla  a 
he 
 
ve
emblem of
he Co ve
o 
he ue b prva
e  vual oe
e
or frm of
he arm of
he Sw Co feera
o  or of mark
o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof whe
her a
raemark or
ommeral mark or a par
 of uh mark or for a purpoe
o
rar
o ommeral ho e
 or  rum
a e apable of
wou  g Sw a
o al e
me
 hall be prohb
e a
all
me.
?ever
hele uh gh Co
ra
 g Par
e a were o

par

o
he Ge eva Co ve
o of 27 Jul g929 ma gra

o pror
uer of
he emblem eg a
o  g  or mark eg a
e 
he
fr
paragraph a
me lm
o

o exee
hree ear from
he
om g 
o fore of
he pree
Co ve
o
o o
 ue uh ue
prove
ha

he a ue hall o
be uh a woul appear 
me
of war
o o fer
he pro
e
o of
he Co ve
o .
Vhe prohb
o la ow 
he fr
paragraph of
he
pree
r
le hall alo appl w
hou
effe
o a  rgh
 aqure

hrough pror ue
o
he emblem a  mark me
o e 
he
eo  paragraph of r
le 38.

c.$c
c

c5YY8ccc' 

ccc

cc(,c
.
$cc.
$c# cc' c$cc./c,c
g)c'cg++/c
r
2. Y a
o
o
he provo  whh hall be mpleme
e 
peae
me
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o all ae of
elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are
be
wee
wo or more of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he

a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem.
Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or

o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f

he a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e.
l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par


o
he pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall
rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore
be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he
la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof.
r
3. Y
he ae of arme o fl
o
of a 
er a
o al hara
er
ourr g 
he
err
or of o e of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eah
Par

o
he o fl
hall be bou 
o appl cc

 ,c
follow g
provo 
(g) Pero 
ak g o a
ve par

he ho
l
e  lu g
member of arme fore who have la ow
her arm a 
hoe
plae hor e omba
b k e wou  e
e
o  or a  o
her
aue hall  all rum
a e be
rea
e huma el w
hou
a 


c cc  c9 c 


avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour relgo or fa
h ex
br
h or weal
h or a  o
her mlar r
era.
Vo
h e 
he follow g a
 are a  hall rema prohb
e a
a 

me a   a  plae wha
oever w
h repe

o
he aboveme
o e pero 
(a) vole e
o lfe a  pero   par
ular murer of all k 
mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure;
(b)
ak g of ho
age;
() ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a 
egra g
rea
me
;
()
he pa g of e
e e a 
he arr g ou
of exeu
o 
w
hou
prevou jugeme
pro ou e b a regularl o 

u
e
our
 affor g all
he jual guara
ee whh are reog e a
 pe able b vle people.
(2) Vhe wou e k a  hpwreke hall be olle
e a  are
for.
mpar
al huma 
ara bo uh a
he Y
er a
o al
Comm

ee of
he e Cro ma offer 
 erve
o
he Par
e
o

he o fl
.
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o
fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
he o
her
provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o .
Vhe appla
o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal

a
u of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
.
r
4. Y ae of ho
l
e be
wee la  a  aval fore of Par
e

o
he o fl

he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o cc
cc$ccc
.
Fore pu
ahore hall mmea
el beome ubje

o
he
provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he melora
o of
he
Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  rme Fore 
he Fel of
ugu
g2 g949.
r
5. c ccccche provo  of
he
pree
Co ve
o
o
he wou e k a  hpwreke a 
o
member of
he meal pero el a 
o hapla  of
he arme
fore of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
reeve or 
er e 
her

err
or a well a
o ea pero  fou .
r
7. Wou e k a  hpwreke pero  a well a member
of
he meal pero el a  hapla  ma  o rum
a e
re ou e  par
or  e
re

he rgh
 eure
o
hem b
he
pree
Co ve
o  a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o 

he forego g r
le f uh
here be.
cYY/c(,c.
$cc.
$c
r
g2. ember of
he arme fore a  o
her pero  me
o e

he follow g r
le who are a
ea a  who are wou e k
or hpwreke hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e  all
rum
a e 
be g u er
oo
ha

he
erm "hpwrek"
mea  hpwrek from a  aue a   lue fore la  g a
ea
b or from arraf
.
Suh pero  hall be c cc$c b

he Par
e
o
he o fl
 whoe power
he ma be w
hou
a 
avere 
 
o fou e o ex rae a
o al
 relgo 
pol
al op o  or a  o
her mlar r
era.  a

emp
 upo

her lve or vole e
o
her pero  hall be 
r
l prohb
e; 
par
ular
he hall o
be murere or ex
erm a
e ubje
e
o

or
ure or
o bologal experme
;
he hall o
wlfull be lef

w
hou
meal a
a e a  are or hall o 
o  expo g

hem
o o
ago or  fe
o be rea
e.

Page g** of g *

O l urge
meal reao  wll au
hore pror
 
he

orer of
rea
me

o be am 
ere.
Wome hall be
rea
e w
h all o era
o ue
o
her
ex.
r
g3. Vhe pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o
he wou e k a 
hpwreke a
ea belo g g
o
he follow g a
egore
(g) ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
 a well a
member of ml
a or volu
eer orp form g par
of uh arme
fore.
(2) ember of o
her ml
a a  member of o
her volu
eer
orp  lu g
hoe of orga e re
a e moveme

belo g g
o a Par

o
he o fl
a  opera
 g  or ou
e
her
ow
err
or eve f
h
err
or  oupe prove
ha
uh
ml
a or volu
eer orp  lu g uh orga e re
a e
moveme
 fulfl
he follow g o 
o 
(a)
ha
of be g omma e b a pero repo ble for h
ubor a
e;
(b)
ha
of hav g a fxe 
 
ve g reog able a
a 
a e;
()
ha
of arr g arm ope l;
()
ha
of o u
 g
her opera
o   aora e w
h
he law
a  u
om of war.
(3) ember of regular arme fore who profe allega e
o a
Gover me
or a au
hor
 o
reog e b
he De
a  g Power.
(4) Pero  who aompa 
he arme fore w
hou
a
uall be g
member
hereof uh a vla member of ml
ar arraf

rew war orrepo e
 uppl o
ra
or member of labour
u 
 or of erve repo ble for
he welfare of
he arme fore
prove
ha

he have reeve au
hora
o from
he arme
fore whh
he aompa .
(5) ember of rew  lu g ma
er plo
 a  appre
e of

he merha
mar e a 
he rew of vl arraf
of
he Par
e
o

he o fl
 who o o
be ef
b more favourable
rea
me

u er a  o
her provo  of 
er a
o al law.
(6) Y hab
a
 of a o -oupe
err
or who o
he approah of

he e em po
a eoul
ake up arm
o re

he  va g fore
w
hou
hav g ha
me
o form
hemelve 
o regular arme
u 
 prove
he arr arm ope l a  repe

he law a 
u
om of war.
-
Y' Y- .c-c >"c".&"%c
r
g4. ll warhp of a bellgere
Par
 hall have
he 
cc
 
ha

he wou e k or hpwreke o boar ml
ar
hop
al hp a  hop
al hp belo g g
o relef oe
e or
o
prva
e  vual a well a merha
veel ah
 a  o
her
raf
cc wha
ever
her a
o al
 prove
ha


he wou e a  k are  a f

a
e
o be move a 
ha

he
warhp a prove aequa
e fal
e for eear meal

rea
me
.
'cg2/cYc,c
$cc
$ccccc
ccc
cccc

c
$,c
ccc
,ccc0
cc

c,ccc$c
cccc
c
cc.
r
g6. Subje

o
he provo  of r
le g2 c,c
$c
c
$ccc
ccc
c ccc
c
cc a 
he provo  of 
er a
o al law
o er  g pro er of war hall appl
o
hem. Vhe ap
or ma
ee aor g
o rum
a e whe
her 
 expee

o hol

hem or
o o ve
hem
o a por

he ap
or' ow ou
r
o a
eu
ral por
or eve
o a por
 e em
err
or. Y
he la
ae

cccccc
c c$c cc
ccc
ccc.


c cc  c9 c 


r
g7. Wou e k or hpwreke pero  who are la e 

eu
ral por
 w
h
he o e
of
he loal au
hor
e hall fal g
arra geme

o
he o
rar be
wee
he eu
ral a 
he
bellgere
Power be o guare b
he eu
ral Power where o
requre b 
er a
o al law
ha

he a pero  a o
aga

ake par
 opera
o  of war.
Vhe o
 of hop
al aommoa
o a  
er me
hall
be bor e b
he Power o whom
he wou e k or hpwreke
pero  epe .
r
g8. f
er eah e gageme
 Par
e
o
he o fl
hall w
hou

ela
ake all poble meaure
o earh for a  olle

he
hpwreke wou e a  k
o pro
e

hem aga 
pllage a 
ll-
rea
me

o e ure
her aequa
e are a 
o earh for
he
ea a  preve

her be g epole.
Whe ever rum
a e perm

he Par
e
o
he o fl

hall o lue loal arra geme
 for
he removal of
he wou e
a  k b ea from a beege or e rle area a  for
he
paage of meal a  relgou pero el a  equpme
o
her
wa
o
ha
area.
%& Gc -c - YGc
r
g9. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall reor a oo a poble 
repe
of eah hpwreke wou e k or ea pero of
he
avere Par
 fall g 
o
her ha  a  par
ular whh ma
a
 h e
fa
o . Vhee reor houl f poble  lue
(a) eg a
o of
he Power o whh he epe ;
(b) arm regme
al pero al or eral umber;
() ur ame;
() fr
ame or ame;
(e) a
e of br
h;
(f) a  o
her par
ular how o h e

 ar or ;
(g) a
e a  plae of ap
ure or ea
h;
(h) par
ular o er  g wou  or ll e or aue of ea
h.
 oo a poble
he above-me
o e  forma
o hall be
forware
o
he  forma
o bureau erbe  r
le g22 of
he
Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of
ugu
g2 g949 whh hall
ra m

h  forma
o
o
he Power
o whh
hee pero  epe 
hrough
he 
ermear of
he
Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he Ce
ral Pro er of War ge .
Par
e
o
he o fl
hall prepare a  forwar
o eah
o
her
hrough
he ame bureau er
fa
e of ea
h or ul
au
he
a
e l
 of
he ea. Vhe hall lkewe olle
a 
forwar
hrough
he ame bureau o e half of
he ouble e


 or
he e

  
elf f 
 a  gle  la
wll or o
her
oume
 of mpor
a e
o
he ex
of k  mo e a   ge eral
all ar
le of a 
r  or e
me
al value whh are fou  o

he ea. Vhee ar
le
oge
her w
h u e
fe ar
le hall be
e
 eale pake
 aompa e b 
a
eme
 gv g all
par
ular eear for
he e
fa
o of
he eeae ow er
a well a b a omple
e l
of
he o
e
 of
he parel.
r
20. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e ure
ha

ccccc
 arre ou
 vuall a far a rum
a e perm
 
preee b a areful exam a
o  f poble b a meal
exam a
o  of
he boe w
h a vew
o o frm g ea
h
e
ablh g e

 a  e abl g a repor

o be mae. Where a
ouble e

   ue o e half of
he  houl rema o

he bo.
Yf ea pero  are la e
he provo  of
he Ge eva
Co ve
o for
he melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e
a  Sk  rme Fore 
he Fel of ugu
g2 g949 hall be
applable.

Page g*g of g *

r
2g. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
ma appeal
o
he har
 of

omma er of eu
ral merha
veel ah
 or o
her raf

o

ake o boar a  are for wou e k or hpwreke pero 
a 
o olle

he ea.
Meel of a  k  repo  g
o
h appeal a 
hoe
hav g of
her ow aor olle
e wou e k or hpwreke
pero  hall e jo peal pro
e
o a  fal
e
o arr ou
uh
a
a e.
Vhe ma  o ae be ap
ure o aou
of a  uh

ra por
; bu
 
he abe e of a  prome
o
he o
rar
he
hall rema lable
o ap
ure for a  vola
o  of eu
ral

he
ma have omm

e.

cYYY/c>
c.
c
r
22. l
ar hop
al hp
ha

o a hp bul
or equppe
b
he Power peall a  olel w
h a vew
o a
 g
he
wou e k a  hpwreke
o
rea
 g
hem a 
o

ra por
 g
hem ma  o rum
a e be a

ake or
ap
ure bu
hall a
all
me be repe
e a  pro
e
e o
o 
o
ha

her ame a  erp
o  have bee o
fe
o

he Par
e
o
he o fl

e a before
hoe hp are emploe.
Vhe hara
er
 whh mu
appear 
he o
fa
o
hall  lue reg
ere gro
o age
he le g
h from 
em
o 
er
a 
he umber of ma
 a  fu el.
r
23. E
ablhme
 ahore e

le
o
he pro
e
o of
he
Ge eva Co ve
o for
he melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he
Wou e a  Sk  rme Fore 
he Fel of ugu
g2 g949
hall be pro
e
e from bombarme
or a

ak from
he ea.
r
24. op
al hp u
le b ?a
o al e Cro Soe
e b
offall reog e relef oe
e or b prva
e pero  hall have

he ame pro
e
o a ml
ar hop
al hp a  cc1 c
 c$ f
he Par

o
he o fl
o whh
he epe  ha
gve
hem a offal ommo a   o far a
he provo  of
r
le 22 o er  g o
fa
o have bee omple w
h.
Vhee hp mu
be prove w
h er
fa
e from
he
repo ble au
hor
e 
a
 g
ha

he veel have bee u er

her o
rol whle f

 g ou
a  o epar
ure.
r
28. Shoul fgh
 g our o boar a warhp
he k-ba hall
be repe
e a  pare a far a poble. 0"(  Y 
Y.Y ++ Y#Y   Y+

 Y   
YY Y
 Y  Y+
 Y  Y Y. Y
  Y
Y". ?ever
hele
he omma er 
o whoe power

he have falle ma af
er e ur g
he proper are of
he wou e
a  k who are aommoa
e
here  appl
hem
o o
her
purpoe  ae of urge
ml
ar ee
.
r
29. 'c
c
c
ccc
$cc
ccccc
 ccc
?cccc
c.
r
30. Vhe veel erbe  r
le 22 24 25 a  27 hall
affor relef a  a
a e
o
he wou e k a  hpwreke
w
hou

 
o of a
o al
.
Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake o

o ue
hee
veel for a  ml
ar purpoe.
Suh veel hall  o we hamper
he moveme
 of

he omba
a
.
Dur g a  af
er a e gageme

he wll a
a

her ow
rk.


c cc  c9 c 


r
33. erha
veel whh have bee
ra forme 
o hop
al

hp a o
be pu

o a  o
her ue
hroughou

he ura
o of
ho
l
e.
r
35. Vhe follow g o 
o  hall o
be o ere a eprv g
hop
al hp or k-ba of veel of
he pro
e
o ue
o
hem
(g) Vhe fa

ha

he rew of hp or k-ba are arme for
he
ma
e a e of orer for
her ow efe e or
ha
of
he k a 
wou e.
(2) Vhe pree e o boar of appara
u exluvel 
e e
o
fal
a
e avga
o or ommu a
o .
(3) Vhe over o boar hop
al hp or  k-ba of por
able
arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e k a 
hpwreke a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve.
(4) Vhe fa

ha

he huma 
ara a
v
e of hop
al hp a 
k-ba of veel or of
he rew ex
e 
o
he are of wou e
k or hpwreke vla .
(5) Vhe
ra por
of equpme
a  of pero el 
e e
exluvel for meal u
e over a  above
he ormal
requreme
.
c
cY4/c c
r
36. Vhe relgou meal a  hop
al pero el of hop
al
hp a 
her rew cc$cc$;
he ma
o
be ap
ure ur g
he
me
he are 
he erve of
he
hop
al hp whe
her or o

here are wou e a  k o boar.

c4/c#
$c c(ver mlar
o meal la 

ra por
)
r
38. Shp har
ere for
ha
purpoe hall be au
hore
o

ra por
equpme
exluvel 
e e for
he
rea
me
of
wou e a  k member of arme fore or for
he preve
o of
eae prove
ha

he par
ular regar g
her voage have
bee o
fe
o
he avere Power a  approve b
he la

er. Vhe
avere Power hall preerve
he rgh

o boar
he arrer hp bu

o

o ap
ure
hem or ee
he equpme
arre.
B agreeme
amo g

he Par
e
o
he o fl
 eu
ral
oberver ma be plae o boar uh hp
o verf
he
equpme
arre. For
h purpoe free ae
o
he equpme

hall be gve .
c4Y/c c%

$
c"  c5 cc
8c
r
4g. U er
he re
o of
he ompe
e
ml
ar au
hor

he
emblem of
he re ro o a wh
e grou  hall be plae o
he
flag armle
 a  o c0
 c c
cc#
$c
.
$/c
?ever
hele 
he ae of ou
re whh alrea ue a emblem
 plae of
he re ro
he re ree
or
he re lo a  u o
a wh
e grou 
hee emblem are alo reog e b
he
erm of

he pree
Co ve
o .
c4YYY/c
cc'ccY$
c5 8c
r
50. Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake
o e a
a 
legla
o eear
o prove effe
ve pe al a 
o  for pero 
omm

 g or orer g
o be omm

e a  of
he grave breahe
of
he pree
Co ve
o ef e 
he follow g r
le.
Eah gh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall be u er
he oblga
o

o earh for pero  allege
o have omm

e or
o have orere

o be omm

e uh grave breahe a  hall br g uh pero 
regarle of
her a
o al
 before 
 ow our
. Y
ma alo f 

prefer a   aora e w
h
he provo  of 
 ow legla
o 
ha  uh pero  over for
ral
o a o
her gh Co
ra
 g Par


Page g*) of g *

o er e prove uh gh Co
ra
 g Par
 ha mae ou
a
prma fae ae.
Eah gh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall
ake meaure eear
for
he uppreo of all a
 o
rar
o
he provo  of
he
pree
Co ve
o o
her
ha
he grave breahe ef e 
he
follow g r
le.
Y all rum
a e
he aue pero  hall be ef
b
afeguar of proper
ral a  efe e whh hall o
be le
favourable
ha
hoe prove b r
le g05 a 
hoe follow g of

he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of
War of ugu
g2 g949.
r
5g. c$
o whh
he pree g r
le rela
e hall
be
hoe  volv g a  of
he follow g a
 f omm

e aga 

pero  or proper
 pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o wlful kll g

or
ure or  huma
rea
me
  lu g bologal experme

wlfull au g grea
uffer g or erou  jur
o bo or heal
h
a  ex
e ve e
ru
o a  appropra
o of proper
 o

ju
fe b ml
ar ee
 a  arre ou
u lawfull a 
wa
o l.

c 
c
c

c5YYY8c
ccc  cc 
cc(/c
,cg)c'cg++/c
r
2. Y a
o
o
he provo  whh hall be mpleme
e 
peae
me
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o all ae of
elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are
be
wee
wo or more of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he

a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem.
Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or

o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f

he a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e.
l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par


o
he pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall
rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore
be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he
la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof.
r
3. Y
he ae of arme o fl
o
of a 
er a
o al hara
er
ourr g 
he
err
or of o e of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eah
Par

o
he o fl
hall be bou 
o appl a a

 
he
follow g
provo 
(g) Pero 
ak g o a
ve par

he ho
l
e  lu g
member of arme fore who have la ow
her arm a 
hoe
plae hor e omba
b k e wou  e
e
o  or a  o
her
aue hall  all rum
a e be
rea
e huma el w
hou
a 
avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour relgo or fa
h ex
br
h or weal
h or a  o
her mlar r
era. Vo
h e 
he
follow g a
 are a  hall rema prohb
e a
a 
me a   a 
plae wha
oever w
h repe

o
he above-me
o e pero 
(a) vole e
o lfe a  pero   par
ular murer of all k 
mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure;
(b)
ak g of ho
age;
() ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a 
egra g
rea
me
;
()
he pa g of e
e e a 
he arr g ou
of exeu
o 
w
hou
prevou jugme
pro ou e b a regularl o 

u
e
our
affor g all
he jual guara
ee whh are reog e a
 pe able b vle people.
(2) Vhe wou e a  k hall be olle
e a  are for.


c cc  c9 c 


mpar
al huma 
ara bo uh a
he Y
er a
o al

Comm

ee of
he e Cro ma offer 
 erve
o
he Par
e
o

he o fl
.
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o
fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
he o
her
provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o .
Vhe appla
o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal

a
u of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
.
%"Y Y Y- c-c -(c
r
4. . 
cc 
he e e of
he pree
Co ve
o 
are pero  belo g g
o o e of
he follow g a
egore who have
falle 
o
he power of
he e em
(g) ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
 a well a
member of ml
a or volu
eer orp form g par
of uh arme
fore.
(2) ember of o
her ml
a a  member of o
her volu
eer
orp  lu g
hoe of orga e re
a e moveme

belo g g
o a Par

o
he o fl
a  opera
 g  or ou
e
her
ow
err
or eve f
h
err
or  oupe prove
ha
uh
ml
a or volu
eer orp  lu g uh orga e re
a e
moveme
 fulfl
he follow g o 
o 
(a)
ha
of be g omma e b a pero repo ble for h
ubor a
e;
(b)
ha
of hav g a fxe 
 
ve g reog able a
a 
a e;
()
ha
of arr g arm ope l;
()
ha
of o u
 g
her opera
o   aora e w
h
he law
a  u
om of war.
(3) ember of regular arme fore who profe allega e
o a
gover me
or a au
hor
 o
reog e b
he De
a  g Power.
(4) Pero  who aompa 
he arme fore w
hou
a
uall be g
member
hereof uh a vla member of ml
ar arraf

rew war orrepo e
 uppl o
ra
or member of labour
u 
 or of erve repo ble for
he welfare of
he arme fore
prove
ha

he have reeve au
hora
o  from
he arme
fore whh
he aompa  who hall prove
hem for
ha

purpoe w
h a e

 ar mlar
o
he a exe moel.
(5) ember of rew  lu g ma
er plo
 a  appre
e of

he merha
mar e a 
he rew of vl arraf
of
he Par
e
o

he o fl
 who o o
be ef
b more favourable
rea
me

u er a  o
her provo  of 
er a
o al law.
(6) Y hab
a
 of a o -oupe
err
or who o
he approah of

he e em po
a eoul
ake up arm
o re

he  va g fore
w
hou
hav g ha
me
o form
hemelve 
o regular arme
u 
 prove
he arr arm ope l a  repe

he law a 
u
om of war.
B. Vhe follow g hall lkewe be
rea
e a pro er of war u er

he pree
Co ve
o
(g) Pero  belo g g or hav g belo ge
o
he arme fore of

he oupe ou
r f
he oup g Power o er 
eear
b reao of uh allega e
o 
er
hem eve
hough 
ha
org all lbera
e
hem whle ho
l
e were go g o ou
e
he

err
or 
oupe  par
ular where uh pero  have mae a
u ueful a

emp

o rejo
he arme fore
o whh
he
belo g a  whh are e gage  omba
 or where
he fal
o
ompl w
h a ummo  mae
o
hem w
h a vew
o 
er me
.

Page g* of g *

(2) Vhe pero  belo g g
o o e of
he a
egore e umera
e 

he pree
r
le who have bee reeve b eu
ral or o bellgere
Power o
her
err
or a  whom
hee Power are
requre
o 
er u er 
er a
o al law w
hou
prejue
o a 
more favourable
rea
me
whh
hee Power ma hooe
o gve
a  w
h
he exep
o of r
le 8 g0 g5 30 ff
h paragraph 5867 92 g26 a  where ploma
 rela
o  ex
be
wee
he
Par
e
o
he o fl
a 
he eu
ral or o -bellgere
Power
o er e
hoe r
le o er  g
he Pro
e
 g Power. Where
uh ploma
 rela
o  ex

he Par
e
o a o fl
o whom

hee pero  epe  hall be allowe
o perform
owar
hem
he
fu 
o  of a Pro
e
 g Power a prove 
he pree

Co ve
o  w
hou
prejue
o
he fu 
o  whh
hee Par
e
ormall exere  o form
 w
h ploma
 a  o ular uage
a 
rea
e.
C. Vh r
le hall  o wa affe

he 
a
u of meal pero
a  hapla  a prove for  r
le 33 of
he pree

Co ve
o .

el

r
5. Vhe pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o
he pero  referre
o

 r
le 4 from
he
me
he fall 
o
he power of
he e em a 
u
l
her f al releae a  repa
ra
o .
Shoul a  oub
are a
o whe
her pero  hav g
omm

e a bellgere
a
a  hav g falle 
o
he ha  of
he
e em belo g
o a  of
he a
egore e umera
e  r
le 4
uh pero  hall e jo
he pro
e
o of
he pree
Co ve
o
u
l uh
me a
her 
a
u ha bee e
erm e b a ompe
e


rbu al.
r
7. Pro er of war ma  o rum
a e re ou e  par
or
 e
re

he rgh
 eure
o
hem b
he pree
Co ve
o 
a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o 
he forego g r
le f
uh
here be.
cYY/cc $
cc 
cc(c
r
g2. Pro er of war are 
he ha  of
he e em Power bu

o
of
he  vual or ml
ar u 
 who have ap
ure
hem.
Yrrepe
ve of
he  vual repo bl
e
ha
ma ex

he
De
a  g Power  repo ble for
he
rea
me
gve
hem.
Pro er of war ma o l be
ra ferre b
he De
a  g
Power
o a Power whh  a par

o
he Co ve
o a  af
er
he
De
a  g Power ha a
fe 
elf of
he wll g e a  abl
 of
uh
ra feree Power
o appl
he Co ve
o . Whe pro er of
war are
ra ferre u er uh rum
a e repo bl
 for
he
appla
o of
he Co ve
o re
 o
he Power aep
 g
hem
whle
he are  
 u
o.
?ever
hele f
ha
Power fal
o arr ou

he provo 
of
he Co ve
o  a  mpor
a
repe

he Power b whom
he
pro er of war were
ra ferre hall upo be g o
fe b
he
Pro
e
 g Power
ake effe
ve meaure
o orre

he 
ua
o or
hall reque

he re
ur of
he pro er of war. Suh reque
 mu

be omple w
h.
r
g3. 
ccc ccc
cc c. % 
+
+    YY 
 Y 
Y  
Y + Y
Y 
 YY+ 
 Y 
    
  Y++Y Y
 YY  Y
 Y YY 
Y . Y par
ular o pro er of war ma be ubje
e
o
phal mu
la
o or
o meal or e
f experme
 of a 
k  whh are o
ju
fe b
he meal e
al or hop
al

rea
me
of
he pro er o er e a  arre ou
 h 
ere
.
Lkewe pro er of war mu
a
all
me be pro
e
e
par
ularl aga 
a
 of vole e or 
ma
o a  aga 

 ul
 a  publ uro
.


c cc  c9 c 


#cc
c
c
cccc


/c
r
g4. Pro er of war are e

le  all rum
a e
o repe

for
her pero  a 
her ho our.
Wome hall be
rea
e w
h all
he regar ue
o
her
ex a  hall  all ae be ef
b
rea
me
a favourable a
ha

gra
e
o me .
Pro er of war hall 
ccc$

c$$
 whh

he e joe a

he
me of
her ap
ure. Vhe De
a  g Power ma
o
re
r

he exere e
her w
h or w
hou

 ow
err
or of

he rgh
 uh apa
 o fer exep
 o far a
he ap
v

requre.
r
g5. Vhe Power e
a  g pro er of war hall be bou 
o
prove free of harge for
her ma
e a e a  for
he meal
a

e
o requre b
her 
a
e of heal
h.
cYYY/c

c
.$
cg/c


cc

c
r
g7. Ever pro er of war whe que
o e o
he ubje
 
bou 
o gve o l h ur ame fr
ame a  ra k a
e of br
h
a  arm regme
al pero al or eral umber or fal g
h
equvale
 forma
o .
Yf he wlfull  fr ge
h rule he ma re er hmelf
lable
o a re
r
o of
he prvlege aore
o h ra k or 
a
u.
Eah Par

o a o fl
 requre
o fur h
he pero 
u er 
 jur
o who are lable
o beome pro er of war
w
h a e

 ar how g
he ow er' ur ame fr
ame
ra k arm regme
al pero al or eral umber or equvale

 forma
o  a  a
e of br
h. Vhe e

 ar ma fur
hermore
bear
he g a
ure or
he f gerpr
 or bo
h of
he ow er a 
ma bear a well a  o
her  forma
o
he Par

o
he o fl

ma wh
o a o er  g pero  belo g g
o 
 arme fore.
 far a poble
he ar hall meaure 6.5 x g0 m. a  hall be
ue  upla
e. Vhe e

 ar hall be how b
he pro er
of war upo ema  bu
ma  o ae be
ake awa from hm.
! + Y +   Y   Y 
 

Y  Y
+ Y Y 
  Y Y
 Y

  
 " YY  Y 
  Y
Y 
Y   Y  Y YY+ Y YY +Y  
 
Y Y Y 
 "
Pro er of war who ow g
o
her phal or me
al
o 
o  are u able
o 
a
e
her e

 hall be ha e over
o

he meal erve. Vhe e

 of uh pro er hall be
e
ablhe b all poble mea  ubje

o
he provo  of
he
pree g paragraph.
Vhe que
o  g of pro er of war hall be arre ou

a la guage whh
he u er
a .
r
g8. ll effe
 a  ar
le of pero al ue exep
arm hore
ml
ar equpme
a  ml
ar oume
 hall rema 
he
poeo of pro er of war lkewe
her me
al helme
 a  ga
mak a  lke ar
le ue for pero al pro
e
o . Effe
 a 
ar
le ue for
her lo
h g or fee g hall lkewe rema 

her poeo  eve f uh effe
 a  ar
le belo g
o
her
regula
o ml
ar equpme
.

o
me houl pro er of war be w
hou
e


oume
. Vhe De
a  g Power hall uppl uh oume

o
pro er of war who poe o e.
Bage of ra k a  a
o al
 eora
o  a  ar
le
hav g above all a pero al or e
me
al value ma o
be
ake
from pro er of war.

Page g* of g *

Sum of mo e arre b pro er of war ma o
be

ake awa from
hem exep
b orer of a offer a  af
er
he
amou
a  par
ular of
he ow er have bee reore  a
peal reg
er a  a 
eme reep
ha bee gve  legbl
 rbe w
h
he ame ra k a  u 
of
he pero u g
he a
reep
. Sum 
he urre  of
he De
a  g Power or whh are
ha ge 
o uh urre  a

he pro er' reque
 hall be plae

o
he re
of
he pro er' aou
a prove  r
le 64.
Vhe De
a  g Power ma w
hraw ar
le of value from
pro er of war o l for reao  of eur
; whe uh ar
le are
w
hraw 
he proeure la ow for um of mo e mpou e
hall appl.
Suh obje
 lkewe um
ake awa  a  urre 
o
her
ha
ha
of
he De
a  g Power a 
he o vero of whh
ha o
bee ake for b
he ow er hall be kep

he u
o of

he De
a  g Power a  hall be re
ur e 
her  
al hape
o
pro er of war a

he e  of
her ap
v
.
r
g9. Pro er of war hall be evaua
e a oo a poble af
er

her ap
ure
o amp 
ua
e  a area far e ough from
he
omba
o e for
hem
o be ou
of a ger.
O l
hoe pro er of war who ow g
o wou  or
k e woul ru grea
er rk b be g evaua
e
ha b
rema  g where
he are ma be
emporarl kep
bak  a a ger
o e.
Pro er of war hall o
be u eearl expoe
o
a ger whle awa
 g evaua
o from a fgh
 g o e.
.$
cYY/cY cc 
cc(c
cY/cc-
c
r
2g. Vhe De
a  g Power ma ubje
pro er of war
o

er me
. Y
ma mpoe o
hem
he oblga
o of o
leav g
beo  er
a lm

he amp where
he are 
er e or f
he
a amp  fe e   of o
go g ou
e 
 perme
er. Subje

o

he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o rela
ve
o pe al a 
pl ar a 
o  pro er of war ma o
be hel  loe
o f eme
exep
where eear
o afeguar
her heal
h a 

he o l ur g
he o
 ua
o of
he rum
a e whh make
uh o f eme
eear.
Pro er of war ma be par
all or wholl releae o
parole or prome  o far a  allowe b
he law of
he Power o
whh
he epe . Suh meaure hall be
ake par
ularl 
ae where
h ma o
rbu
e
o
he mproveme
of
her 
a
e
of heal
h. ?o pro er of war hall be ompelle
o aep
lber
 o
parole or prome.
Upo
he ou
break of ho
l
e eah Par

o
he o fl

hall o
f
he avere Par
 of
he law a  regula
o  allow g or
forb g 
 ow a
o al
o aep
lber
 o parole or prome.
Pro er of war who are parole or who have gve
her prome 
o form
 w
h
he law a  regula
o  o o
fe are bou  o

her pero al ho our rupuloul
o fulfl bo
h
owar
he Power
o whh
he epe  a 
owar
he Power whh ha ap
ure

hem
he e gageme
 of
her parole or prome. Y uh ae

he Power o whh
he epe   bou  e
her
o requre or
o
aep
from
hem a  erve  ompa
ble w
h
he parole or
prome gve .
r
22. Pro er of war ma be 
er e o l  preme loa
e o
la  a  affor g ever guara
ee of hge e a  heal
hful e.
Exep
 par
ular ae whh are ju
fe b
he 
ere
of
he
pro er
hemelve
he hall o
be 
er e  pe 
e
are.
Y 
  Y YY+   Y Y Y Y
+ Y# 
  Y++Y YY+Y 
 Y
 +Y+ Y


c cc  c9 c 


Vhe De
a  g Power hall aemble pro er of war 

amp or amp ompou  aor g
o
her a
o al
 la guage
a  u
om prove
ha
uh pro er hall o
be epara
e
from pro er of war belo g g
o
he arme fore w
h whh

he were erv g a

he
me of
her ap
ure exep
w
h
her
o e
.
cYY/cJ,ccc
cc 
cc(c
r
25. Pro er of war hall be quar
ere u er o 
o  a
favourable a
hoe for
he fore of
he De
a  g Power who are
blle
e 
he ame area. Vhe a o 
o  hall make allowa e
for
he hab
 a  u
om of
he pro er a  hall  o ae be
prejual
o
her heal
h.
Vhe forego g provo  hall appl  par
ular
o
he
orm
ore of pro er of war a regar bo
h
o
al urfae a 
m mum ub pae a 
he ge eral  
alla
o  be g a 
bla ke
.
Vhe preme prove for
he ue of pro er of war
 vuall or olle
vel hall be e
rel pro
e
e from
amp e a  aequa
el hea
e a  lgh
e  par
ular be
wee
uk a  lgh
 ou
. ll preau
o  mu
be
ake aga 

he
a ger of fre.
Y a  amp  whh wome pro er of war a well a
me  are aommoa
e epara
e orm
ore hall be prove for

hem.
r
26. Vhe ba al foo ra
o  hall be uffe
 qua


qual
 a  vare

o keep pro er of war  goo heal
h a 
o
preve
lo of wegh
or
he evelopme
of u
r
o al
efe e. ou
hall alo be
ake of
he hab
ual e
of
he
pro er.
Vhe De
a  g Power hall uppl pro er of war who
work w
h uh a
o al ra
o  a are eear for
he labour o
whh
he are emploe.
Suffe
r k g wa
er hall be upple
o pro er of
war. ccc$$ccc
/c
Pro er of war hall a far a poble be aoa
e
w
h
he prepara
o of
her meal;
he ma be emploe for
ha

purpoe 
he k
he . Fur
hermore
he hall be gve
he mea 
of prepar g
hemelve
he a
o al foo 
her poeo .
equa
e preme hall be prove for me g.
$
c
$

c c$
ccc


.
r
27. Clo
h g u erwear a  foo
wear hall be upple
o
pro er of war  uffe
qua

e b
he De
a  g Power
whh hall make allowa e for
he lma
e of
he rego where
he
pro er are e
a e. U form of e em arme fore ap
ure
b
he De
a  g Power houl f u
able for
he lma
e be mae
avalable
o lo
he pro er of war.
Vhe regular replaeme
a  repar of
he above ar
le hall be
aure b
he De
a  g Power. Y a
o  pro er of war who
work hall reeve appropra
e lo
h g wherever
he a
ure of
he
work ema .
cYYY/c>cc#
$c'
c
r
29. Vhe De
a  g Power hall be bou 
o
ake all a 
ar
meaure eear
o e ure
he lea l e a  heal
hful e of
amp a 
o preve
epem.
Pro er of war hall have for
her ue a a  gh

o ve e e whh o form
o
he rule of hge e a  are
ma
a e  a o 
a

a
e of lea l e. Y a  amp  whh
wome pro er of war are aommoa
e epara
e o ve e e
hall be prove for
hem.

Page g*2 of g *

lo apar
from
he ba
h a  hower w
h whh
he

amp hall be fur he pro er of war hall be prove w
h
uffe
wa
er a  oap for
her pero al
ole
a  for wah g

her pero al lau r;
he eear  
alla
o  fal
e a 
me
hall be gra
e
hem for
ha
purpoe.
r
30. Ever amp hall have a 0c

  where
pro er of war ma have
he a

e
o
he requre a well a
appropra
e e
. Yola
o war hall f eear be e
ae for
ae of o
agou or me
al eae.
Pro er of war uffer g from erou eae or whoe
o 
o ee
a
e peal
rea
me
 a urgal opera
o or
hop
al are mu
be am

e
o a  ml
ar or vla meal
u 
where uh
rea
me
a be gve  eve f
her repa
ra
o 
o
empla
e 
he ear fu
ure. Speal fal
e hall be affore
for
he are
o be gve
o
he able  par
ular
o
he bl 
a  for
her. rehabl
a
o  pe  g repa
ra
o .
Pro er of war hall have
he a

e
o  preferabl of
meal pero el of
he Power o whh
he epe  a  f
poble of
her a
o al
.
Pro er of war ma o
be preve
e from pree
 g

hemelve
o
he meal au
hor
e for exam a
o . Vhe
e
a  g au
hor
e hall upo reque
 ue
o ever pro er
who ha u ergo e
rea
me
 a offal er
fa
e  a
 g
he
a
ure of h ll e or  jur a 
he ura
o a  k  of
rea
me

reeve. upla
e of
h er
fa
e hall be forware
o
he
Ce
ral Pro er of War ge .
Vhe o
 of
rea
me
  lu g
hoe of a  appara
u
eear for
he ma
e a e of pro er of war  goo heal
h
par
ularl e
ure a  o
her ar
fal appla e a  pe
ale
hall be bor e b
he De
a  g Power.
c4Y/c%
$

c
r
39. Ever pro er of war amp hall be pu
u er
he mmea
e
au
hor
 of a repo ble ommo e offer belo g g
o
he
regular arme fore of
he De
a  g Power. .$c
$ccc

c
c
cc$cccc
Ecccc
c
c

ccccc$ cccccc
cc
,ccc
$
cc
c ,cc
c

$
/c
Pro er of war w
h
he exep
o of offer mu
alu
e a 
how
o all offer of
he De
a  g Power
he ex
er al mark of
repe
prove for b
he regula
o  appl g 
her ow fore.
Offer pro er of war are bou 
o alu
e o l offer of a hgher
ra k of
he De
a  g Power;
he mu
 however alu
e
he amp
omma er regarle of h ra k.
r
42. VYY
Y
  Y 
 YY++ 

  Y YY
  Y 
 YY++
   YY YYY Y+++ Y YYY 
 
   Y  Y  Y.
.$
cYYY/ccc 
cc(c
r
49. Vhe De
a  g Power ma u
le
he labour of pro er of
war who are phall f

ak g 
o aou

her age ex ra k
a  phal ap

ue a  w
h a vew par
ularl
o ma
a  g

hem  a goo 
a
e of phal a  me
al heal
h.
?o -ommo e offer who are pro er of war hall
o l be requre
o o upervor work. Vhoe o
o requre ma
ak for o
her u
able work whh hall o far a poble be fou 
for
hem.


c cc  c9 c 


Yf offer or pero  of equvale

a
u ak for u
able work 

hall be fou  for
hem o far a poble bu

he ma  o
rum
a e be ompelle
o work.
r
50. Bee work o e
e w
h amp am 
ra
o 
 
alla
o or ma
e a e pro er of war ma be ompelle
o
o o l uh work a   lue 
he follow g lae
(a) agrul
ure;
(b)  u
re o e
e w
h
he prou
o or
he ex
ra
o of
raw ma
eral a  ma ufa
ur g  u
re w
h
he exep
o of
me
allurgal mah er a  hemal  u
re; publ work a 
bul g opera
o  whh have o ml
ar hara
er or purpoe;
()
ra por
a  ha l g of 
ore whh are o
ml
ar 
hara
er or purpoe;
() ommeral bu e a  ar
 a  raf
;
(e) ome
 erve;
(f) publ u
l
 erve hav g o ml
ar hara
er or purpoe.
Shoul
he above provo  be  fr ge pro er of war hall be
allowe
o exere
her rgh
of ompla
  o form
 w
h
r
le 78.
'c2)/c&cccc,cc
ccc cc
 ccc
$c
cccccc/c
?o pro er of war hall be ag e
o labour whh
woul be looke upo a humla
 g for a member of
he De
a  g
Power' ow fore.
Vhe removal of m e or mlar eve hall be
o ere a a gerou labour.
.$
c4/c
cc 
cc(c(
cc"1
c
r
69. Ymmea
el upo pro er of war fall g 
o 
 power
he
De
a  g Power hall  form
hem a 
he Power o whh
he
epe 
hrough
he Pro
e
 g Power of
he meaure
ake
o
arr ou

he provo  of
he pree
Se
o . Vhe hall lkewe
 form
he par
e o er e of a  ubeque
mofa
o  of
uh meaure.
r
70. Ymmea
el upo ap
ure or o
more
ha o e week af
er
arrval a
a amp eve f 
 a
ra 
amp lkewe  ae of
k e or
ra fer
o hop
al or
o a o
her amp c
c
cccccc
c
$cc
c
,cccc
,ccccc 
cc(c'$c
cc
c
'
$cg)  o
he o
her ha  a ar mlar f poble
o
he
moel a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o   form g h rela
ve of
h ap
ure are a  
a
e of heal
h. Vhe a ar hall be
forware a rapl a poble a  ma o
be elae  a 
ma er.
r
7g. 
ccccccccc$
cc
c$. Yf
he De
a  g Power eem 
eear
o lm

he
umber of le

er a  ar e
b eah pro er of war
he a
umber hall o
be le
ha
wo le

er a  four ar mo
hl
exluve of
he ap
ure ar prove for  r
le 70 a 
o form g a loel a poble
o
he moel a exe
o
he
pree
Co ve
o . Fur
her lm
a
o  ma be mpoe o l f
he
Pro
e
 g Power  a
fe
ha

woul be 
he 
ere
 of
he
pro er of war o er e
o o o ow g
o fful
e of

ra la
o aue b
he De
a  g Power'  abl

o f 
uffe
qualfe l gu

o arr ou

he eear e orhp. Yf
lm
a
o  mu
be plae o
he orrepo e e aree
o
pro er of war
he ma be orere o l b
he Power o whh

he pro er epe  pobl a

he reque
of
he De
a  g
Power. Suh le

er a  ar mu
be o vee b
he mo
rap

Page g*3 of g *

me
ho a

he poal of
he De
a  g Power;
he ma o
be

elae or re
a e for
pl ar reao .
Pro er of war who have bee w
hou
ew for a lo g
pero or who are u able
o reeve ew from
her ex
of k or

o gve
hem ew b
he or ar po
al rou
e a well a
hoe who
are a
a grea

a e from
her home hall be perm

e
o e 

elegram
he fee be g harge aga 

he pro er of war'
aou
 w
h
he De
a  g Power or pa 
he urre  a

her
poal. Vhe hall lkewe be ef
b
h meaure  ae of
urge .
 a ge eral rule
he orrepo e e of pro er of war
hall be wr

e 
her a
ve la guage. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl

ma allow orrepo e e  o
her la guage.
Sak o
a  g pro er of war mal mu
be eurel
eale a  labelle o a learl
o  a
e
her o
e
 a  mu

be aree
o offe of e
 a
o .
.$
c4Y/c
c
c 
cc(ccc'

c
cY/c 
cc 
cc(c$
cc


cc

c
r
78 Pro er of war hall have
he rgh

o make k ow
o
he
ml
ar au
hor
e  whoe power
he are
her reque

regar g
he o 
o  of ap
v

o whh
he are ubje
e.
Vhe hall alo have
he u re
r
e rgh

o appl
o
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her
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he are
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he ma o
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he amp a 
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o
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he Y
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he pro er of war hall be
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pro er of war who  reap
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emp

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he pro er of
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o
ral b jual proee g  repe
of a
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 w
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er a
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he
me
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e.
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e o a
pro er of war  orer
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hmelf gul
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a
of whh he  aue.
?o pro er of war ma be o v
e w
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qualfe avoa
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he Pro
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her offe e hall o

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of war u le
he a

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o of
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he eo  paragraph of
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Page g*
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(g) Wou e a  k whoe reover ma be expe
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er

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me
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ral ou
r uh ae hall be e

le 
aora e w
h
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o er  g re
repa
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he Power
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elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are
be
wee
wo or more of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he

a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem.
Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or
o
al
oupa
o of
he
err
or of a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f
he
a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e.
l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par

o
he
pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall
rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore
be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he
la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof.
r
. 3. Y
he ae of arme o fl
o
of a 
er a
o al hara
er
ourr g 
he
err
or of o e of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eah
Par

o
he o fl
hall be bou 
o ,ccc

 
he
follow g
provo 
(g) Pero 
ak g o a
ve par

he ho
l
e  lu g
member of arme fore who have la ow
her arm a 
hoe
plae hor e omba
b k e wou  e
e
o  or a  o
her
aue hall  all rum
a e be
rea
e huma el w
hou
a 
avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour relgo or fa
h ex
br
h or weal
h or a  o
her mlar r
era.
Vo
h e 
he follow g a
 are a  hall rema prohb
e a
a 

me a   a  plae wha
oever w
h repe

o
he aboveme
o e pero 
(a) vole e
o lfe a  pero   par
ular murer of all k 
mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure;
(b)
ak g of ho
age;
() ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a 
egra g
rea
me
;
()
he pa g of e
e e a 
he arr g ou
of exeu
o 
w
hou
prevou jugme
pro ou e b a regularl o 

u
e
our
 affor g all
he jual guara
ee whh are reog e a
 pe able b vle people.
(2) Vhe wou e a  k hall be olle
e a  are for.
mpar
al huma 
ara bo uh a
he Y
er a
o al
Comm

ee of
he e Cro ma offer 
 erve
o
he Par
e
o

he o fl
.
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o
fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
he o
her
provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o .
Vhe appla
o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal

a
u of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
.
(>-c'"c >"c ' Y".c - " "%cc
r
. 4. Pero  pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o are
hoe who a
a
gve mome
a   a  ma er wha
oever f 
hemelve 
ae of a o fl
or oupa
o 
ccccc ccc
$
$cc-$$
c cc
$cccc
.


c cc  c9 c 


Page gg* of g *

?a
o al of a S
a
e whh  o
bou  b
he Co ve
o are o

pro
e
e b 
. ?a
o al of a eu
ral S
a
e who f 
hemelve 

he
err
or of a bellgere
S
a
e a  a
o al of a o-bellgere

S
a
e hall o
be regare a pro
e
e pero  whle
he S
a
e of
whh
he are a
o al ha ormal ploma
 repree
a
o 

he S
a
e  whoe ha 
he are.

e em la  ar a  aval fore  orer
o obva
e
he pobl
 of

a  ho
le a
o .

Vhe provo  of Par
YY are however wer  appla
o  a

ef e  r
le g3.

r
. g9. c$

cc
$c$


c
cc
cc
c$cccccc$
,c
c
c
 

c
,c$c ccc . Pro
e
o ma
however eae o l af
er ue war  g ha bee gve  am g  all
appropra
e ae a reao able
me lm
a  af
er uh war  g
ha rema e u heee.
Vhe fa

ha
k or wou e member of
he arme
fore are ure 
hee hop
al or
he pree e of mall arm
a  ammu 
o
ake from uh omba
a
 a  o
e
bee
ha e
o
he proper erve hall o
be o ere
o be a

harmful
o
he e em.

Pero  pro
e
e b
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he melora
o

of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  rme Fore 
he
Fel of g2 ugu
g949 or b
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he
melora
o of
he Co 
o of Wou e Sk a  Shpwreke
ember of rme Fore a
Sea of g2 ugu
g949 or b
he
Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of
g2 ugu
g949 hall o
be o ere a pro
e
e pero  w
h

he mea  g of
he pree
Co ve
o .
r
. 8. $cc c
cc$
$ $c$c
cc
c
c
cc
c$cc cccc

 a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o 
he
forego g r
le f uh
here be.

cYY/cc $

cc 
c'
c
c
0$cc(c
r
. g3. VY 
  Y  Y+Y
 Y+ 

 Y Y
+    Y Y  Y
 +  Y +  Y+
 + + Y
 YY ++Y Y Y

Y 
Y  
r
. g5.  Par

o
he o fl
ma e
her re
or
hrough a
eu
ral S
a
e or ome huma 
ara orga a
o  propoe
o
he
avere Par

o e
ablh 
he rego  where fgh
 g 
ak g
plae 
?c? 
e e
o hel
er from
he effe
 of war

he follow g pero  w
hou


 
o
(a) wou e a  k omba
a
 or o -omba
a
;
(b) vla pero  who
ake o par
 ho
l
e a  who whle

he ree 
he o e perform o work of a ml
ar hara
er.
Whe
he Par
e o er e have agree upo
he
geographal po
o  am 
ra
o  foo uppl a  upervo
of
he propoe eu
rale o e a wr

e agreeme
hall be
o lue a  g e b
he repree
a
ve of
he Par
e
o
he
o fl
. Vhe agreeme
hall fx
he beg  g a 
he ura
o of

he eu
rala
o of
he o e.
r
. g8. 


c
 orga e
o gve are
o
he wou e a 
k
he  frm a  ma
er 
 ae c
cc$
$ $ccc
$cc$ccccc
cc$cc$c
cc 
ccc$
$.
S
a
e whh are Par
e
o a o fl
hall prove all
vla hop
al w
h er
fa
e how g
ha

he are vla
hop
al a 
ha

he bul g whh
he oup are o
ue for
a  purpoe whh woul eprve
hee hop
al of pro
e
o 
aora e w
h r
le g9.
Cvla hop
al hall be marke b mea  of
he emblem
prove for  r
le 38 of
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he
melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  rme
Fore 
he Fel of g2 ugu
g949 bu
o l f o au
hore b

he S
a
e.
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall  o far a ml
ar
o era
o  perm

ake
he eear 
ep
o make
he

 
ve emblem  a
 g vla hop
al learl vble
o
he

Y vew of
he a ger
o whh hop
al ma be expoe b be g

loe
o ml
ar obje
ve 
 reomme e
ha
uh hop
al
be 
ua
e a far a poble from uh obje
ve.

r
.24. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
ake
he eear meaure

o e ure
ha
hlre u er ff
ee  who are orpha e or are
epara
e from
her famle a a reul
of
he war are o
lef

o

her ow reoure a 
ha

her ma
e a e
he exere of

her relgo a 
her eua
o are fal
a
e  all rum
a e.
Vher eua
o hall a far a poble be e
ru
e
o pero  of a
mlar ul
ural
ra
o .
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall fal
a
e
he reep
o of
uh hlre  a eu
ral ou
r for
he ura
o of
he o fl

w
h
he o e
of
he Pro
e
 g Power f a  a  u er ue
afeguar for
he oberva e of
he pr ple 
a
e 
he fr

paragraph.
Vhe hall fur
hermore e eavour
o arra ge for all
hlre u er
welve
o be e
fe b
he wear g of e


 or b ome o
her mea .
cYYY/c.cc  cc $c c
.$
cY/c 

c$ ccc

ccc
ccc
$
$ccc$$
c

c
r
. 27. Pro
e
e pero  are e

le  all rum
a e
o
repe
for
her pero 
her ho our
her faml rgh

her
relgou o v
o  a  pra
e a 
her ma er a  u
om.
Vhe hall a
all
me be  
rea
e a  hall be pro
e
e
epeall aga 
all a
 of vole e or
hrea

hereof a  aga 

 ul
 a  publ uro
.
Wome hall be epeall pro
e
e aga 
a  a

ak o

her ho our  par
ular aga 
rape e fore pro

u
o  or a 
form of  ee
aaul
.
W
hou
prejue
o
he provo  rela
 g
o
her 
a
e
of heal
h age a  ex all pro
e
e pero  hall be
rea
e w
h

he ame o era
o b
he Par

o
he o fl
 whoe power

he are w
hou
a  avere 
 
o bae  par
ular o
rae relgo or pol
al op o .
owever
he Par
e
o
he o fl
ma
ake uh
meaure of o
rol a  eur
  regar
o pro
e
e pero  a
ma be eear a a reul
of
he war.
r
. 28. Vhe $ccc$cc ccccc
c$
c
ccc
c c

c
.
r
. 3g. c
$cc c$$
ccc1$
c
c
$c,c
c
$cc
c
 
c c c
c c
c
/
r
. 34. c
ccc
c

/


c cc  c9 c 


.$
cYY/c'
c
cc
cccccc$
$c
r
. 35. ll pro
e
e pero  who ma ere
o 
he
err
or
a

he ou
e
of or ur g a o fl
 hall be e

le
o o o u le

her epar
ure  o
rar
o
he a
o al 
ere
 of
he S
a
e. Vhe
appla
o  of uh pero 
o leave hall be ee  aora e
w
h regularl e
ablhe proeure a 
he eo hall be

ake a rapl a poble. Vhoe pero  perm

e
o leave ma
prove
hemelve w
h
he eear fu  for
her jour e a 

ake w
h
hem a reao able amou
of
her effe
 a  ar
le of
pero al ue.
Yf a  uh pero  refue permo
o leave
he

err
or he hall be e

le
o have refual reo ere a oo
a poble b a appropra
e our
or am 
ra
ve boar
eg a
e b
he De
a  g Power for
ha
purpoe.
Upo reque
 repree
a
ve of
he Pro
e
 g Power
hall u le reao  of eur
 preve

 or
he pero  o er e
obje
 be fur he w
h
he reao  for refual of a  reque
for
permo
o leave
he
err
or a  be gve  a expe
oul a
poble
he ame of all pero  who have bee e e permo

o leave.
r
. 38. W
h
he exep
o of peal meaure au
hore b
he
pree
Co ve
o   par
ularl b r
le 27 a  4g
hereof
he

ua
o of pro
e
e pero  hall o
 ue
o be regula
e 
pr ple b
he provo  o er  g ale  
me of peae. Y a 
ae
he follow g rgh
 hall be gra
e
o
hem
(g)
he hall be e able
o reeve
he  vual or olle
ve relef

ha
ma be e

o
hem.
(2)
he hall f
her 
a
e of heal
h o requre reeve meal
a

e
o a  hop
al
rea
me

o
he ame ex
e
a
he a
o al
of
he S
a
e o er e.
(3)
he hall be allowe
o pra
e
her relgo a 
o reeve
pr
ual a
a e from m 
er of
her fa
h.
(4) f
he ree  a area par
ularl expoe
o
he a ger of
war
he hall be au
hore
o move from
ha
area
o
he ame
ex
e
a
he a
o al of
he S
a
e o er e.
(5) hlre u er ff
ee ear preg a
wome a  mo
her of
hlre u er eve ear hall be ef
b a  prefere
al

rea
me

o
he ame ex
e
a
he a
o al of
he S
a
e
o er e.
r
. 40. Pro
e
e pero  ma be ompelle
o work o l
o
he
ame ex
e
a a
o al of
he Par

o
he o fl
 whoe

err
or
he are.
Yf pro
e
e pero  are of e em a
o al

he ma
o l be ompelle
o o work whh  ormall eear
o e ure

he fee g hel
er g lo
h g
ra por
a  heal
h of huma
be g a  whh  o
re
l rela
e
o
he o u
of ml
ar
opera
o .
Y
he ae me
o e 
he
wo pree g paragraph pro
e
e
pero  ompelle
o work hall have
he be ef
of
he ame
work g o 
o  a  of
he ame afeguar a a
o al worker
 par
ular a regar wage hour of labour lo
h g a 
equpme
 prevou
ra  g a  ompe a
o for oupa
o al
ae
 a  eae.
Yccc

cc

,c$cc
cccc1$
c
c
cc$ 
c
c$$$c

c'
$c */c
r
. 42. Vhe 
er me
or pla g  ag e ree e of pro
e
e
pero  ma be orere o l f
he eur
 of
he De
a  g Power
make 
abolu
el eear.

Page ggg of g *

Yf a  pero  a
 g
hrough
he repree
a
ve of
he

Pro
e
 g Power volu
arl ema  
er me
 a  f h

ua
o re er
h 
ep eear he hall be 
er e b
he
Power  whoe ha  he ma be.
r
. 44. Y appl g
he meaure of o
rol me
o e 
he
pree
Co ve
o 
he De
a  g Power hall o

rea
a e em
ale  exluvel o
he ba of
her a
o al
 e jure of a
e em S
a
e refugee who o o
  fa
 e jo
he pro
e
o of
a  gover me
.
.$
cYYY/c-$$
c

c
r
. 47. Pro
e
e pero  who are  oupe
err
or hall o
be
eprve  a  ae or  a  ma er wha
oever of
he be ef

of
he pree
Co ve
o b a  ha ge 
roue a
he reul
of

he oupa
o of a
err
or 
o
he  

u
o  or gover me
of

he a
err
or or b a  agreeme
o lue be
wee
he
au
hor
e of
he oupe
err
ore a 
he Oup g Power or
b a  a exa
o b
he la

er of
he whole or par
of
he oupe

err
or.
  orer
o  ue
hem
o work for
he Oup g Power are
prohb
e.
r
. 64. ccccc$$
c
cc 
c
c
$ w
h
he exep
o
ha

he ma be repeale or upe e
b
he Oup g Power  ae where
he o 

u
e a
hrea

o

 eur
 or a ob
ale
o
he appla
o of
he pree

Co ve
o .
Subje

o
he la

er o era
o a 
o
he ee
 for
e ur g
he effe
ve am 
ra
o of ju
e
he
rbu al of
he
oupe
err
or hall o
 ue
o fu 
o  repe
of all
offe e overe b
he a law.
Vhe Oup g Power ma however ubje

he
popula
o of
he oupe
err
or
o provo  whh are
ee
al
o e able
he Oup g Power
o fulfl 
 oblga
o 
u er
he pree
Co ve
o 
o ma
a
he orerl gover me

of
he
err
or a 
o e ure
he eur
 of
he Oup g Power
of
he member a  proper
 of
he oup g fore or
am 
ra
o  a  lkewe of
he e
ablhme
 a  l e of
ommu a
o ue b
hem.
r
. 68. Pro
e
e pero  who omm
a offe e whh  olel

e e
o harm
he Oup g Power bu
whh cc
$
ca a

emp
o
he lfe or lmb of member of
he
oup g fore or am 
ra
o  or a grave olle
ve a ger
or eroul amage
he proper
 of
he oup g fore or
am 
ra
o or
he  
alla
o  ue b
hem hall be lable
o

er me
or mple mpro me
 prove
he ura
o of uh

er me
or mpro me
 propor
o a
e
o
he offe e
omm

e. Fur
hermore 
er me
or mpro me
hall for
uh offe e be
he o l meaure aop
e for eprv g pro
e
e
pero  of lber
. Vhe our
 prove for u er r
le 66 of
he
pree
Co ve
o ma a

her re
o o ver
a e
e e of
mpro me

o o e of 
er me
for
he ame pero.
Vhe pe al provo  promulga
e b
he Oup g Power
 aora e w
h r
le 64 a  65 ma mpoe
he c
aga 
a pro
e
e pero c
c$cccc
c
c
c
,cc
c$ccc
cc

c


ccc-$$
c ccc

c$c

$cc$cccccc c,c
c
c$c$cc
cccccccc
$$
c
c
c$ccc$$
c/c
Vhe ea
h pe al
 ccc$ aga 
a
pro
e
e pero u le
he a

e
o of
he our
ha bee
par
ularl alle
o
he fa

ha
 e
he aue  o
a a
o al


c cc  c9 c 


of
he Oup g Power he  o
bou 
o 
b a  u
 of

allega e.
Y a  ae
he ea
h pe al
 ma o
be pro ou e o
a pro
e
e pero who wa u er egh
ee ear of age a

he
me
of
he offe e.
r
. 70.  Y YY ++ Y Y Y Y Y 
 Y  Y$ 
 Y 
   Y 
 
Y YYY
 Y Y   
 Y   Y  
Y Y
  YYY 
 YY
 Y+ 

 
?a
o al of
he oup g Power who before
he
ou
break of ho
l
e have ough
refuge 
he
err
or of
he
oupe S
a
e hall o
be arre
e proeu
e o v
e or
epor
e from
he oupe
err
or exep
for offe e
omm

e af
er
he ou
break of ho
l
e or for offe e u er
ommo law omm

e before
he ou
break of ho
l
e whh
aor g
o
he law of
he oupe S
a
e woul have ju
fe
ex
ra
o 
me of peae.
r
. 75. Y o ae hall pero  o em e
o ea
h be eprve of

he rgh
of pe

o for paro or repreve.
?o ea
h e
e e hall be arre ou
before
he
expra
o of a pero of a lea
x mo
h from
he a
e of reep

b
he Pro
e
 g Power of
he o
fa
o of
he f al jugme

o frm g uh ea
h e
e e or of a orer e  g paro or
repreve.
Vhe x mo
h pero of upe o of
he ea
h e
e e
here prerbe ma be reue   vual ae 
rum
a e of grave emerge   volv g a orga e
hrea

o

he eur
 of
he Oup g Power or 
 fore prove alwa

ha

he Pro
e
 g Power  o
fe of uh reu
o a   gve
reao able
me a  oppor
u 

o make repree
a
o 
o
he
ompe
e
oup g au
hor
e  repe
of uh ea
h e
e e.
r
. 76. $cc$$cc$ccc
c
c
c$$
c$,cc
c$
$cccc
c
$c
. Vhe hall f poble be epara
e from o
her
e
a ee a  hall e jo o 
o  of foo a  hge e whh wll
be uffe

o keep
hem  goo heal
h a  whh wll be a
lea

equal
o
hoe ob
a  g  pro  
he oupe ou
r.
Vhe hall reeve
he meal a

e
o requre b
her

a
e of heal
h.
Vhe hall alo have
he rgh

o reeve a  pr
ual
a
a e whh
he ma requre.
Wome hall be o f e  epara
e quar
er a  hall be
u er
he re
upervo of wome .
Proper regar hall be pa
o
he peal
rea
me
ue
o
m or.
Pro
e
e pero  who are e
a e hall have
he rgh

o
be v
e b elega
e of
he Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he
Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he e Cro  aora e w
h
he
provo  of r
le g43.
Suh pero  hall have
he rgh

o reeve a
lea
o e
relef parel mo
hl.
.$
cY4/c
ccc cc
c
cY/cc

c
r
. 80. Y
er ee hall 
c
cc$

c$$
 a  hall
exere uh a

e a
rgh
 a ma be ompa
ble w
h
her

a
u.

Page gg) of g *

r
. 8g. Par
e
o
he o fl
who 
er pro
e
e pero  hall be
bou 
o prove cc$cc
c 
$ a 
o gra


hem alo
he meal a

e
o requre b
her 
a
e of heal
h.
?o eu
o from
he allowa e alare or re
 ue

o
he 
er ee hall be mae for
he repame
of
hee o
.
Vhe De
a  g Power hall prove for
he uppor
of
hoe
epe e
o
he 
er ee f uh epe e
 are w
hou

aequa
e mea  of uppor
or are u able
o ear a lv g.
cYY/c $ccY c
r
. 83. Vhe De
a  g Power hall o
e
up plae of 
er me

area par
ularl expoe
o
he a ger of war.
Vhe De
a  g Power hall gve
he e em Power
hrough

he 
ermear of
he Pro
e
 g Power all ueful  forma
o
regar g
he geographal loa
o of plae of 
er me
.
Whe ever ml
ar o era
o  perm
 
er me

amp hall be  a
e b
he le

er YC plae o a
o be learl
vble 
he a
me from
he ar. Vhe Power o er e ma
however agree upo a  o
her 
em of mark g. ?o plae o
her

ha a 
er me
amp hall be marke a uh.
r
.84. Y
er ee hall be $$ cc

c
c c
cccc cc
cc

cccc.
cYYY/ccc
c
r
. 89. Dal foo ra
o  for 
er ee hall be uffe

qua

 qual
 a  vare

o keep 
er ee  a goo 
a
e of
heal
h a  preve

he evelopme
of u
r
o al efe e.
ou
hall alo be
ake of
he u
omar e
of
he 
er ee.
Y
er ee hall alo be gve
he mea  b whh
he a
prepare for
hemelve a  a
o al foo 
her poeo .
Suffe
r k g wa
er hall be upple
o 
er ee.
Vhe ue of
obao hall be perm

e.
Y
er ee who work hall reeve a
o al ra
o  
propor
o
o
he k  of labour whh
he perform.
Expe
a
a  ur g mo
her a  hlre u er ff
ee
ear of age hall be gve a
o al foo  propor
o
o
her
phologal ee.
r
. 90. Whe
ake 
o u
o 
er ee hall be gve all
fal
e
o prove
hemelve w
h
he eear lo
h g
foo
wear a  ha ge of u erwear a  la
er o 
o proure fur
her
upple f requre. Shoul a  
er ee o
have uffe

lo
h g aou
be g
ake of
he lma
e a  be u able
o
proure a  
hall be prove free of harge
o
hem b
he
De
a  g Power.
Vhe lo
h g upple b
he De
a  g Power
o 
er ee
a 
he ou
war mark g plae o
her ow lo
he hall o
be
g om ou or expoe
hem
o rule.
Worker hall reeve u
able work g ou
f
  lu g
pro
e
ve lo
h g whe ever
he a
ure of
her work o requre.
cY4/c>
cc#
$c'
c
r
. 9g. Ever plae of 
er me
hall have a aequa
e  frmar
u er
he re
o of a qualfe o
or where 
er ee ma have

he a

e
o
he requre a well a a appropra
e e
. Yola
o
war hall be e
ae for ae of o
agou or me
al eae.
a
er 
 ae a  
er ee uffer g from erou
eae or whoe o 
o requre peal
rea
me
 a urgal
opera
o or hop
al are mu
be am

e
o a   

u
o
where aequa
e
rea
me
a be gve a  hall reeve are o

 feror
o
ha
prove for
he ge eral popula
o .
Y
er ee hall for prefere e have
he a

e
o of
meal pero el of
her ow a
o al
.


c cc  c9 c 


Y
er ee ma o
be preve
e from pree
 g

hemelve
o
he meal au
hor
e for exam a
o . Vhe meal
au
hor
e of
he De
a  g Power hall upo reque
 ue
o
ever 
er ee who ha u ergo e
rea
me
a offal er
fa
e
how g
he a
ure of h ll e or  jur a 
he ura
o a 
a
ure of
he
rea
me
gve . upla
e of
h er
fa
e hall be
forware
o
he Ce
ral ge  prove for  r
le g40.
Vrea
me
  lu g
he provo of a  appara
u
eear for
he ma
e a e of 
er ee  goo heal
h
par
ularl e
ure a  o
her ar
fal appla e a  pe
ale
hall be free of harge
o
he 
er ee.
c4YY/c'


cc%
$

c
r
. 99. Ever plae of 
er me
hall be pu
u er
he au
hor
 of
a repo ble offer hoe from
he regular ml
ar fore or
he
regular vl am 
ra
o of
he De
a  g Power. Vhe offer 
harge of
he plae of 
er me
mu
have  h poeo a op
of
he pree
Co ve
o 
he offal la guage or o e of
he
offal la guage of h ou
r a  hall be repo ble for 

appla
o . Vhe 
aff  o
rol of 
er ee hall be  
ru
e 

he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o a  of
he am 
ra
ve
meaure aop
e
o e ure 
 appla
o .
Vhe
ex
of
he pree
Co ve
o a 
he
ex
 of peal
agreeme
 o lue u er
he a Co ve
o hall be po
e
 e
he plae of 
er me
  a la guage whh
he 
er ee
u er
a  or hall be 
he poeo of
he Y
er ee Comm

ee.
egula
o  orer o
e a  publa
o  of ever k 
hall be ommu a
e
o
he 
er ee a  po
e  e
he plae
of 
er me
  a la guage whh
he u er
a .
Ever orer a  omma  aree
o 
er ee
 vuall mu
 lkewe be gve  a la guage whh
he
u er
a .
r
. g00. Vhe 
$

c
c
c$cc
 ccc
$
c
c 

c
$
 a  hall  o
rum
a e  lue regula
o  mpo g o 
er ee a 
phal exer
o a gerou
o
her heal
h or  volv g phal or
moral v
ma
o . Ye
fa
o b
a

oo g or mpr
 g g  or
mark g o
he bo  prohb
e.
Y par
ular prolo ge 
a  g a  roll-all
pu hme
rll ml
ar rll a  ma oeuvre or
he reu
o of
foo ra
o  are prohb
e.
r
. g02. Y ever plae of 
er me

he
ccc
$cc$ccc
1c ,cc  ccc

c ccc ccc%

c
cc $
c 
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he e
Cro a  a  o
her orga a
o whh ma a

hem. Vhe
member of
he Comm

ee hall be elgble for re-ele
o .
Y
er ee o ele
e hall e
er upo
her u
e af
er

her ele
o ha bee approve b
he e
a  g au
hor
e. Vhe
reao  for a  refual or mal hall be ommu a
e
o
he
Pro
e
 g Power o er e.
c4YYY/c
c
cc"1
c
r
. g06.  oo a he  
er e or a

he la
e
o
more
ha
o e week af
er h arrval  a plae of 
er me
 a  lkewe 
ae of k e or
ra fer
o a o
her plae of 
er me
or
o a
hop
al ever 
er ee hall be e able
o e  re

o h faml
o
he o e ha  a 
o
he Ce
ral ge  prove for b r
le
g40 o
he o
her a 
er me
ar mlar f poble
o
he
moel a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o 

c
c
c
c
c
,ccccc/ Vhe a ar hall be
forware a rapl a poble a  ma o
be elae  a  wa.

Page gg of g *

r
. g07. Yccccccc$

ccc
$. Yf
he De
a  g Power eem 
eear
o lm

he umber
of le

er a  ar e
b eah 
er ee
he a umber hall o

be le
ha
wo le

er a  four ar mo
hl;
hee hall be
raw up o a
o o form a loel a poble
o
he moel
a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o . Yf lm
a
o  mu
be plae o

he orrepo e e aree
o 
er ee
he ma be orere
o l b
he Power
o whh uh 
er ee owe allega e pobl
a

he reque
of
he De
a  g Power. Suh le

er a  ar mu

be o vee w
h reao able epa
h;
he ma o
be elae or
re
a e for pl ar reao .
Y
er ee who have bee a lo g
me w
hou
ew or
who f  
mpoble
o reeve ew from
her rela
ve or
o gve

hem ew b
he or ar po
al rou
e a well a
hoe who are a

a o erable 
a e from
her home hall be allowe
o e 

elegram
he harge be g pa b
hem 
he urre  a

her
poal. Vhe hall lkewe be ef
b
h provo  ae whh
are reog e
o be urge
.
 a rule 
er ee' mal hall be wr

e 
her ow
la guage. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
ma au
hore orrepo e e
 o
her la guage.
r
. gg3. Vhe De
a  g Power hall prove all reao able
exeu
o fal
e for
he
ra mo 
hrough
he Pro
e
 g
Power or
he Ce
ral ge  prove for  r
le g40 or a
o
herwe requre of wll power of a

or e le

er of au
hor

or a  o
her oume
 
e e for 
er ee or epa
he b

hem.
Y all ae
he De
a  g Power hall fal
a
e
he
exeu
o a  au
he
a
o  ue legal form of uh oume

o behalf of 
er ee  par
ular b allow g
hem
o o ul
a
lawer.
r
. gg4. Vhe De
a  g Power hall affor 
er ee all $


cc
c cc c
c prove
h  o

 ompa
ble w
h
he o 
o  of 
er me
a 
he law whh 
applable. For
h purpoe
he a Power ma gve
hem
permo
o leave
he plae of 
er me
 urge
ae a  f
rum
a e allow.
r
.gg6. "c
ccccc$
c

,c
$
cc
,ccc
ccc0cc

/
 far a  poble 
er ee hall be perm

e
o v


her home  urge
ae par
ularl  ae of ea
h or erou
ll e of rela
ve.
Chap
er YX. Pe al a  Dpl ar Sa 
o 
r
. gg7. Subje

o
he provo  of
he pree
Chap
er
he law
 fore 
he
err
or  whh
he are e
a e 
c$
cc
cc
cc$
c$c
c
 /c
Yf ge eral law regula
o  or orer elare a

omm

e b 
er ee
o be pu hable wherea
he ame a

are o
pu hable whe omm

e b pero  who are o


er ee uh a
 hall e
al pl ar pu hme
 o l.
?o 
er ee ma be pu he more
ha o e for
he
ame a
 or o
he ame ou
.
r
. gg9. Vhe 
$

c
  applable
o 
er ee hall
be
he follow g
(g) a f e whh hall o
exee 50 per e
of
he wage whh
he

er ee woul o
herwe reeve u er
he provo  of r
le 95
ur g a pero of o
more
ha
hr
 a.


c cc  c9 c 


(2) o
 ua e of prvlege gra
e over a  above
he

rea
me
prove for b
he pree
Co ve
o
(3) fa
gue u
e o
exee g
wo hour al  o e
o w
h

he ma
e a e of
he plae of 
er me
.
(4) o f eme
.
Ycc$cc
$

c
cc
 ,cc
cccccc
/c'$$ccccc
c
:c,c1cccc/c
Vhe ura
o of a   gle pu hme
hall  o ae exee a
maxmum of
hr
 o eu
ve a eve f
he 
er ee 
a werable for everal breahe of pl e whe h ae  eal

w
h whe
her uh breahe are o e
e or o
.
r
. g20. Y
er ee who are $ af
er hav g eape or
whe a

emp
 g
o eape cc
ccc
$

c

   repe
of
h a
 eve f 
 a repea
e offe e.
r
le gg8 paragraph 3 o
w
h
a  g 
er ee
pu he a a reul
of eape or a

emp

o eape ma be
ubje
e
o peal urvella e o o 
o
ha
uh urvella e
oe o
affe

he 
a
e of
her heal
h
ha

 exere  a plae
of 
er me
a 
ha

oe o
e
al
he abol
o of a  of
he
afeguar gra
e b
he pree
Co ve
o .
Y
er ee who a a  abe
a eape or a

emp

o
eape hall be lable o
h ou

o pl ar pu hme
o l.
r
. g2g. Eape or a

emp

o eape eve f 
 a repea
e
offe e ccc cc
c$
$ $  ae
where a 
er ee  proeu
e for offe e omm

e ur g h
eape.
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e ure
ha

he ompe
e

au
hor
e exere le e   e g whe
her pu hme

 fl
e for a offe e hall be of a pl ar or jual a
ure
epeall  repe
of a
 omm

e  o e
o w
h a
eape whe
her ueful or o
.
c=Y/c%c
r
. g29. Vhe wll of 
er ee hall be reeve for afe-keep g b

he repo ble au
hor
e; a  f
he eve
of
he ea
h of a

er ee h wll hall be
ra m

e w
hou
ela
o a pero
whom he ha prevoul eg a
e.
%cc
ccc$

c
cc$ccc$,cc
cc$

$ccc c,c
cc$ccc
cc$

cc
$c
c$$/cc
offal reor of
he ea
h ul reg
ere hall be
raw up  aora e w
h
he proeure rela
 g
here
o  fore

he
err
or where
he plae of 
er me
 
ua
e a  a ul
er
fe op of uh reor hall be
ra m

e w
hou
ela
o

he Pro
e
 g Power a well a
o
he Ce
ral ge  referre
o 
r
le g40.
r
. g30. Vhe e
a  g au
hor
e hall e ure
ha

er ee who
e whle 
er e are c
 f poble aor g
o

he r
e of
he relgo
o whh
he belo ge a 
ha

her grave
are repe
e properl ma
a e a  marke  uh a wa
ha


he a alwa be reog e.
Deeae 
er ee hall be bure   vual grave
u le u avoable rum
a e requre
he ue of olle
ve
grave. Boe ma be rema
e o l for mpera
ve reao  of
hge e o aou
of
he relgo of
he eeae or  aora e
w
h h expree wh
o
h effe
. Y ae of rema
o 
he fa

hall be 
a
e a 
he reao  gve 
he ea
h er
fa
e of
he
eeae. Vhe ahe hall be re
a e for afe-keep g b
he
e
a  g au
hor
e a  hall be
ra ferre a oo a poble
o

he ex
of k o
her reque
.

Page gg of g *

 oo a rum
a e perm
 a  o
la
er
ha
he

loe of ho
l
e
he De
a  g Power hall forwar l
 of grave
of eeae 
er ee
o
he Power o whom eeae 
er ee
epe e
hrough
he Y forma
o Bureaux prove for  r
le
g36. Suh l
 hall  lue all par
ular eear for
he
e
fa
o of
he eeae 
er ee a well a
he exa
loa
o
of
her grave.
r
. g3g. Ever ea
h or erou  jur of a 
er ee aue or
upe
e
o have bee aue b a e
r a o
her 
er ee or a 
o
her pero  a well a a  ea
h
he aue of whh  u k ow 
hall be mmea
el followe b a offal e qur b
he De
a  g
Power.
ommu a
o o
h ubje
hall be e
mmea
el

o
he Pro
e
 g Power. Vhe eve e of a  w
ee hall be

ake  a  a repor
 lu g uh eve e hall be prepare a 
forware
o
he a Pro
e
 g Power.
Yf
he e qur  a
e
he gul
of o e or more pero 

he De
a  g Power hall
ake all eear 
ep
o e ure
he
proeu
o of
he pero or pero  repo ble.
c=YYY/c,c

cc'$$ 
c
c c

c
r
. g32. "$c
ccccccc%

c
cccccc
$c$
c
c
 c
cc1
.
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall moreover e eavour
ur g
he oure of ho
l
e
o o lue agreeme
 for
he
releae
he repa
ra
o 
he re
ur
o plae of ree e or
he
aommoa
o  a eu
ral ou
r of er
a lae of 
er ee
 par
ular hlre  preg a
wome a  mo
her w
h  fa

a  ou g hlre  wou e a  k a  
er ee who have
bee e
a e for a lo g
me.
r
. g33. Y
er me
hall eae a oo a poble cc$c
c


.
Y
er ee 
he
err
or of a Par

o
he o fl
aga 

whom pe al proee g are pe  g for offe e o
exluvel
ubje

o pl ar pe al
e ma be e
a e u
l
he loe of
uh proee g a  f rum
a e requre u
l
he omple
o
of
he pe al
. Vhe ame hall appl
o 
er ee who have bee
prevoul e
e e
o a pu hme
eprv g
hem of lber
.
B agreeme
be
wee
he De
a  g Power a 
he Power
o er e omm

ee ma be e
up af
er
he loe of ho
l
e
or of
he oupa
o of
err
ore
o earh for pere 
er ee.
r
. g34. Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e hall e eavour upo
he
loe of ho
l
e or oupa
o 
o e ure
he ccc

cc
cc$cc
$,ccc$

c
c


/c
.$
c4/cY 
c
1ccc'$c
r
. g36. Upo
he ou
break of a o fl
a   all ae of
oupa
o  eah of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e
ablh a
offal Y forma
o Bureau 
cc$

cc


c
 
c
c$ccc$ccc
c
c
c/c
Eah of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall w
h
he hor
e
poble
pero gve 
 Bureau  forma
o of a  meaure
ake b 

o er  g a  pro
e
e pero  who are kep
 u
o for more

ha
wo week who are ubje
e
o ag e ree e or who
are 
er e. Y
hall fur
hermore requre 
 varou epar
me



c cc  c9 c 


o er e w
h uh ma

er
o prove
he aforea Bureau

promp
l w
h  forma
o o er  g all ha ge per
a  g
o

hee pro
e
e pero  a for example
ra fer releae
repa
ra
o  eape am

a e
o hop
al br
h a  ea
h.
r
. g37. Eah a
o al Bureau hall mmea
el forwar
 forma
o o er  g pro
e
e pero  b
he mo
rap mea 

o
he Power  whoe
err
or
he ree
hrough
he

ermear of
he Pro
e
 g Power a  lkewe
hrough
he
Ce
ral ge  prove for  r
le g40. Vhe Bureaux hall alo
repl
o all e qure whh ma be reeve regar g pro
e
e
pero .
Y forma
o Bureaux hall
ra m
 forma
o o er  g a
pro
e
e pero u le 

ra mo mgh
be e
rme
al
o
he
pero o er e or
o h or her rela
ve. Eve  uh a ae
he
 forma
o ma o
be w
hhel from
he Ce
ral ge  whh
upo be g o
fe of
he rum
a e wll
ake
he eear
preau
o   a
e  r
le g40.
ll ommu a
o   wr
 g mae b a  Bureau hall be
au
he
a
e b a g a
ure or a eal.
r
. g38. Vhe  forma
o reeve b
he a
o al Bureau a 

ra m

e b 
hall be of uh a hara
er a
o make 
poble

o e
f
he pro
e
e pero exa
l a 
o ave h ex
of k
qukl. Vhe  forma
o  repe
of eah pero hall  lue a

lea
h ur ame fr
ame plae a  a
e of br
h a
o al

la
ree e a  
 guh g hara
er

he fr
ame of

he fa
her a 
he mae ame of
he mo
her
he a
e plae a 
a
ure of
he a
o
ake w
h regar
o
he  vual
he are
a
whh orrepo e e ma be e

o hm a 
he ame a 
are of
he pero
o be  forme.
Lkewe  forma
o regar g
he 
a
e of heal
h of 
er ee who
are eroul ll or eroul wou e hall be upple regularl a 
f poble ever week.
r
. g39. Eah a
o al Y forma
o Bureau hall fur
hermore be
repo ble for olle
 g all pero al valuable lef
b pro
e
e
pero  me
o e  r
le g36  par
ular
hoe who have bee
repa
ra
e or releae or who have eape or e; 
hall
forwar
he a valuable
o
hoe o er e e
her re
 or f
eear
hrough
he Ce
ral ge . Suh ar
le hall be e
b

he Bureau  eale pake
 whh hall be aompa e b

a
eme
 gv g lear a  full e

 par
ular of
he pero
o
whom
he ar
le belo ge a  b a omple
e l
of
he o
e

of
he parel. De
ale reor hall be ma
a e of
he reep
a 
epa
h of all uh valuable.
r
. g40. Ce
ral Y forma
o ge  for pro
e
e pero  
par
ular for 
er ee hall be rea
e  a eu
ral ou
r. Vhe
Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he e Cro hall f 
eem
eear propoe
o
he Power o er e
he orga a
o of
uh a ge  whh ma be
he ame a
ha
prove for 
r
le g23 of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of
Pro er of War of g2 ugu
g949.
Vhe fu 
o of
he ge  hall be
o olle
all  forma
o of
he

pe e
for
h  r
le g36 whh 
ma ob
a
hrough offal or
prva
e ha el a 
o
ra m

a rapl a poble
o
he
ou
re of org or of ree e of
he pero  o er e exep

 ae where uh
ra mo  mgh
be e
rme
al
o
he
pero  whom
he a  forma
o o er  or
o
her rela
ve. Y

Page gg2 of g *

hall reeve from
he Par
e
o
he o fl
all reao able fal
e
for effe
 g uh
ra mo .
Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e a   par
ular
hoe whoe
a
o al be ef
b
he erve of
he Ce
ral ge  are
reque
e
o gve
he a ge 
he f a al a 
ma requre.
Vhe forego g provo  hall  o wa be 
erpre
e a re
r
 g

he huma 
ara a
v
e of
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he
e Cro a  of
he relef Soe
e erbe  r
le g42.
r
. g4g. Vhe a
o al Y forma
o Bureaux a 
he Ce
ral
Y forma
o ge  hall e jo free po
age for all mal lkewe
he
exemp
o  prove for  r
le gg0 a  fur
her o far a
poble exemp
o from
elegraph harge or a
lea
 grea
l
reue ra
e.

c
c $ c
$c'

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c
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cc4
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c!cg+JJ/c
PV g GE?EL POMYSYO?S
Preamble
Vc ear e
wh
o ee peae preval amo g people
Vc ever S
a
e ha
he u

o refra from
he
hrea
or ue of fore
aga 

he overeg

err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al
 epe e e of a  S
a
e
Sope (r
le g)
Vc Y ae o
overe b
h Pro
ool or b o
her 
er a
o al
agreeme
 vla  a  omba
a
 rema u er
he
pro
e
o a  au
hor
 of
he pr ple of 
er a
o al law
erve from e
ablhe u
om from
he pr ple of huma 

a  from 
a
e of publ o e e.
Vc appl
o all ae of elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl

whh ma are be
wee
wo or more of
he gh Co
ra
 g
Par
e eve f
he 
a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem.
Vc appl
o all ae of par
al or
o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of
a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f
he a oupa
o mee
 w
h
o arme re
a e.
Vc l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par

o
he
pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall
rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall
fur
hermore be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a
Power f
he la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof.
Vc arme o fl
 whh people are fgh
 g aga 
olo al
om a
o a  ale oupa
o a  aga 
ra
regme 
he
exere of
her rgh
of elf-e
erm a
o
Def 
o  (r
le 2)
Vc ule of 
er a
o al law applable  arme o fl
" mea 
he
rule applable  arme o fl
e
for
h  
er a
o al
agreeme

o whh
he Par
e
o
he o fl
are Par
e a 
he
ge erall reog e pr ple a  rule of 
er a
o al law
whh are applable
o arme o fl

Vc Pro
e
 g Power" mea  a eu
ral or o
her S
a
e o
a Par

o

he o fl
whh ha bee eg a
e b a Par

o
he o fl

a  aep
e b
he avere Par
 a  ha agree
o arr ou

cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccc
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he fu 
o  ag e
o a Pro
e
 g Power u er
he

Co ve
o  a 
h Pro
ool
Vc "Sub

u
e" mea  a orga a
o a
 g  plae of a Pro
e
 g
Power
Pro
e
 g Power (r
le 5)
Vc u
 of
he Par
e
o a o fl
from
he beg  g of
ha
o fl


o eure
he upervo a  mpleme
a
o of
he Co ve
o 
a  of
h Pro
ool b
he appla
o of
he 
em of Pro
e
 g
Power
Vc Pro
e
 g Power hall have
he u
 of afeguar g
he

ere
 of
he Par
e
o
he o fl

Vc eah Par

o
he o fl
hall w
hou
ela eg a
e a
Pro
e
 g Power
Vc Yf a Pro
e
 g Power ha o
bee eg a
e
he Y
er a
o al
Comm

ee of
he e Cro w
hou
prejue
o
he rgh
of a 
o
her mpar
al huma 
ara orga a
o
o o lkewe hall
offer 
 goo offe
o
he Par
e
o
he o fl
w
h a vew
o

he eg a
o w
hou
ela of a Pro
e
 g Power
o whh
he
Par
e
o
he o fl
o e

PV 2 WOU?DED SYCK SYPWECKED
Def 
o  (r
le 8)
Vc Wou e" a  "k" mea pero  whe
her ml
ar or vla 
who beaue of
rauma eae or o
her phal or me
al
orer or abl
 are  ee of meal a
a e or are
a  who refra from a  a
of ho
l
. Vhee
erm alo over
ma
er 
 ae ew-bor babe a  o
her pero  who ma be
 ee of mmea
e meal a
a e or are uh a
he
 frm or expe
a
mo
her a  who refra from a  a
of
ho
l

Vc "Shpwreke" mea  pero  whe
her ml
ar or vla  who
are  perl a
ea or  o
her wa
er a a reul
of mfor
u e
affe
 g
hem or
he veel or arraf
arr g
hem a  who
refra from a  a
of ho
l
.
Vc "eal pero el" mea 
hoe pero  ag e b a Par

o

he o fl
 exluvel
o
he meal purpoe e umera
e
u er e) or
o
he am 
ra
o of meal u 
 or
o
he
opera
o or am 
ra
o of meal
ra por
.
Vc "elgou pero el" mea  ml
ar or vla pero  uh a
hapla  who are exluvel e gage 
he work of
her
m 
r a  a

ahe
o
he arme fore of a Par

o
he
o fl

o meal u 
 or meal
ra por
 of a Par

o
he
o fl

o meal u 
 or meal
ra por
 or
o vl efe e
orga a
o  of a Par

o
he o fl
.
Vc "eal u 
" mea  e
ablhme
 a  o
her u 
 whe
her
ml
ar or vla  orga e for meal purpoe amel
he
earh for olle
o 
ra por
a
o  ag o or
rea
me
 lu g fr
-a
rea
me
- of
he wou e k a 
hpwreke or for
he preve
o of eae.
Vc "eal
ra por
a
o " mea 
he o vea e b la  wa
er or
ar of
he wou e k hpwreke meal pero el
relgou pero el meal equpme
or meal upple
Vc "eal
ra por
" mea  a  mea  of
ra por
a
o 
whe
her ml
ar or vla  perma e
or
emporar ag e
exluvel
o meal
ra por
a
o a  u er
he o
rol of a
ompe
e
au
hor
 of a Par

o
he o fl

Vc "eal vehle" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b la 
Vc "eal hp a  raf
" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b wa
er
Vc "eal arraf
" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b ar
Vc "D
 
ve emblem" mea 
he 
 
ve emblem of
he re
ro re ree
or re lo a  u o a wh
e grou  whe
ue for
he pro
e
o of meal u 
 a 
ra por
 or
meal a  relgou pero el equpme
or upple

Page gg3 of g *

Sope (r
le 9)
Vc hall appl
o all
hoe affe
e b a 
ua
o referre
o  r
le
g w
hou
a  avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour ex
la guage relgo or belef pol
al or o
her op o  a
o al or
oal org  weal
h br
h or o
her 
a
u or o a  o
her mlar
r
era.
Pro
e
o of Pero  (r
le gg)
Vc ll
he wou e k a  hpwreke
o whhever Par

he
belo g hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e
Vc Vhe phal or me
al heal
h a  
egr
 of pero  who are 

he power of
he avere Par
 or who are 
er e e
a e or
o
herwe eprve of lber
 hall o
be e a gere b a 
u ju
fe a
or omo
Vc prohb
e
o arr ou
o uh pero  eve w
h
her o e

phal mu
la
o  meal or e
f experme
 removal of

ue or orga  for
ra pla
a
o
Vc Exep
o 
o
he prohb
o o l 
he ae of o a
o  of
bloo for
ra fuo or of k for graf
 g prove
ha

he are
gve volu
arl a  w
hou
a  oero or  ueme
 a 

he o l for
herapeu
 purpoe
Pro
e
o of eal U 

Vc eal u 
 hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e a
all
me a 
hall o
be
he obje
of a

ak (r
le g2)
Vc U er o rum
a e hall meal u 
 be ue  a a

emp


o hel ml
ar obje
ve from a

ak (r
le g2)
Vc pro
e
o
o whh vla meal u 
 are e

le hall o

eae u le
he are ue
o omm
 ou
e
her huma 
ara
fu 
o  a
 harmful
o
he e em (r
le g3)
Vc o
be o ere a a
 harmful
o
he e em
ha

he
pero el of
he u 
are equppe w
h lgh
 vual weapo 
for
her ow efe e or for
ha
of
he wou e a  k 
her
harge
ha

he u 
 guare b a pke
or b e
re or b a
eor

ha
mall arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e
a  k a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve are fou  

he u 

ha
member of
he arme fore or o
her omba
a

are 
he u 
for meal reao  (r
le g3)
Pro
e
o of vla meal a  relgou pero el (r
le g5)
Vc Cvla meal pero el hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e
Vc Vhe Oup g Power hall affor vla meal pero el 
oupe
err
ore ever a
a e
o e able
hem
o perform

o
he be
of
her abl

her huma 
ara fu 
o 
Vc Cvla relgou pero el hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e
ole of
he vla popula
o a  of a oe
e (r
le g7)
Vc Vhe vla popula
o hall repe

he wou e k a 
hpwreke eve f
he belo g
o
he avere Par
 a  hall
omm
o a
of vole e aga 

hem
Ye
fa
o (r
le g8)
Vc vla meal pero el a  vla relgou pero el houl
be reog able b
he 
 
ve emblem a  a e

 ar
er
f g
her 
a
u
Vc a Par

o
he o fl
ma au
hore
he ue of 
 
ve g al

o e
f meal u 
 a 
ra por

eal Vra por
a
o
Vc eal vehle hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame
wa a moble meal u 
 (r
le 2g)


c cc  c9 c 


Vc eal hp a  raf
 whe
her a
ea or  o
her wa
er be

repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame wa a moble meal u 

(r
le 23)
Vc  warhp o
he urfae able mmea
el
o e fore 

omma  ma orer
hem
o 
op orer
hem off or make
hem

ake a er
a oure a 
he hall obe ever uh omma .
Suh hp a  raf
ma o
 a  o
her wa be ver
e from

her meal mo o lo g a
he are eee for
he
wou e k a  hpwreke o boar (r
le 23)
Vc lear refual
o obe a omma  gve  aora e w
h
paragraph 2 hall be a a
harmful
o
he e em (r
le 23)
Vc eal arraf
hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e (r
le 24)
Vc Y a  over la  area phall o
rolle b fre l fore or
 a  over ea area o
phall o
rolle b a avere
Par

he repe
a  pro
e
o of meal arraf
of a Par

o

he o fl
 o
epe e
o a  agreeme
w
h a avere
Par
 (r
le 25)
Vc meal arraf
whh fle over a area phall o
rolle b
a avere Par
 w
hou
 or  eva
o from
he
erm of a
agreeme
 e
her
hrough avga
o al error or beaue of a
emerge  affe
 g
he afe
 of
he flgh
 hall make ever
effor

o e
f 
elf a 
o  form
he avere Par
 of
he
rum
a e.  oo a uh meal arraf
ha bee
reog e b
he avere Par

ha
Par
 hall make all
reao able effor

o gve
he orer
o la  or
o algh
o wa
er
or
o
ake o
her meaure
o afeguar 
 ow 
ere
 a  
e
her ae
o allow
he arraf

me for ompla e before
reor
 g
o a a

ak aga 

he arraf
. (r
le 27)
Vc eal arraf
hall o
be ue
o olle
or
ra m


ellge e a
a a  hall o
arr a  equpme

e e for
uh purpoe (r
le 28)
Vc eal arraf
hall o
arr a  armame
exep
mall arm
a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e k a  hpwreke
o boar a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve a  uh lgh

 vual weapo  a ma be eear
o e able
he meal
pero el o boar
o efe 
hemelve a 
he wou e k
a  hpwreke 
her harge. (r
le 28)
Vc eal arraf
fl g over area whh are phall o
rolle
b a avere Par
 or over area
he phal o
rol of whh 
o
learl e
ablhe ma be orere
o la  or
o algh
o
wa
er a appropra
e
o perm
 pe
o  aora e w
h
he
follow g paragraph. eal arraf
hall obe a  uh orer.
(r
le 30)
Vc Shoul a meal arraf
 
he abe e of a agreeme
or 
eva
o from
he
erm of a agreeme
 fl over
he
err
or of
a eu
ral or o
her S
a
e o
a Par

o
he o fl
 e
her
hrough
avga
o al error or beaue of a emerge  affe
 g
he
afe
 of
he flgh
 
hall make ever effor

o gve o
e of
he
flgh
a 
o e
f 
elf. Vha
S
a
e hall make all reao able
effor

o gve
he orer
o la  or
o algh
o wa
er
o allow
he
arraf

me for ompla e before reor
 g
o a a

ak aga 


he arraf
. (r
le 3g)

 g Pero  (r
le 33)

Vc  oo a rum
a e perm
 a  a

he la
e
from
he e  of
a
ve ho
l
e eah Par

o
he o fl
hall earh for
he
pero  who have bee repor
e m g b a avere Par

Dea Pero  (r
le 34)
Vc Vhe rema  of pero  who have e for reao  rela
e
o
oupa
o or  e
e
o reul
 g from oupa
o or ho
l
e
a 
hoe or pero  o
a
o al of
he ou
r  whh
he
have e a a reul
of ho
l
e hall be repe
e a 
he
grave
e of all uh pero  hall be repe
e ma
a e a 
marke.

Page ggJ of g *

Vc Y
he abe e of a  agreeme
a  f
he home ou
r of uh

eeae  o
wll g
o arra ge a

 expe e for
he
ma
e a e of uh grave
e
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
 
whoe
err
or
he grave
e are 
ua
e ma offer
o fal
a
e

he re
ur of
he rema  of
he eeae
o
he home ou
r.
Where uh a offer ha o
bee aep
e
he gh Co
ra
 g
Par
 ma af
er
he expr of fve ear from
he a
e of
he offer
a  upo ue o
e
o
he home ou
r aop

he
arra geme
 la ow  
 ow law rela
 g
o eme
ere
a  grave.

Par
3 e
ho a  ea  of Warfare Comba
a
 a  POW

e
ho a  ea  of Warfare
Vc prohb
e
o emplo weapo  proje
le a  ma
eral a 
me
ho of warfare of a a
ure
o aue uperfluou  jur or
u eear uffer g (r
le 35)
Vc prohb
e
o emplo me
ho or mea  of warfare whh are

e e or ma be expe
e
o aue weprea lo g-
erm
a  evere amage
o
he a
ural e vro me
(r
le 35)
Vc prohb
e
o kll  jure or ap
ure a averar b reor

o
perf. 
  v
 g
he o fe e of a averar
o lea hm

o beleve
ha
he  e

le
o or  oblge
o aor pro
e
o
u er
he rule of 
er a
o al law applable  arme o fl

w
h 
e

o be
ra
ha
o fe e hall o 

u
e perf
(r
le 37)
Vc ue of war are o
prohb
e. Suh rue are a
 whh are

e e
o mlea a averar or
o  ue hm
o a

reklel bu
whh  fr ge o rule of 
er a
o al law
applable  arme o fl
a  whh are o
perfou beaue

he o o
 v
e
he o fe e of a averar w
h repe

o
pro
e
o u er
ha
law. Vhe follow g are example of uh
rue
he ue of amouflage eo mok opera
o  a 
m forma
o . (r
le 37)
Vc prohb
e
o make mproper ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he
re ro re ree
or re lo a  u or of o
her emblem
g  or g al (r
le 38)
Vc prohb
e
o make ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he U 
e
?a
o  exep
a au
hore b
ha
Orga a
o (r
le 38)
Vc prohb
e
o make ue  a arme o fl
of
he flag or ml
ar
emblem  g a or u form of eu
ral or o
her S
a
e o

Par
e
o
he o fl
(r
le 39)
Vc prohb
e
o make ue of
he flag or ml
ar emblem  g a
or u form of avere Par
e whle e gag g  a

ak or 
orer
o hel favour pro
e
or mpee ml
ar opera
o 
(r
le 39)
Vc ?o pero parahu
 g from a arraf
 
re hall be mae

he obje
of a

ak ur g h ee
(r
le 42)
Vc pero who ha parahu
e from a arraf
 
re hall be
gve a oppor
u 

o urre er before be g mae
he obje

of a

ak u le 
 appare

ha
he  e gag g  a ho
le a

(r
le 42)
rme Fore (r
le 43)
Vc arme fore of a Par

o a o fl
o 
of all orga e arme
fore group a  u 
 whh are u er a omma  repo ble

o
ha
Par
 for
he o u
or 
 ubor a
e
Vc ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o a o fl
(o
her
ha
meal pero el a  hapla ) are omba
a

ha

o a

he have
he rgh

o par
pa
e re
l  ho
l
e.
Comba
a
 a  POW
Vc  omba
a
who fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 hall
be a pro er of war. (r
le 44)


c cc  c9 c 


Vc omba
a
 are oblge
o 
 guh
hemelve from
he vla

popula
o whle
he are e gage  a a

ak or  a ml
ar
opera
o prepara
or
o a a

ak (r
le 44)
Vc omba
a
who fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 whle
fal g
o 
 guh hmelf from o omba
a
 hall forfe
h
rgh

o be a pro er of war bu
he hall ever
hele be gve
pro
e
o  equvale
 all repe

o
hoe aore
o
pro er of war (r
le 44)
Vc pero who
ake par
 ho
l
e a  fall 
o
he power of
a avere Par
 hall be preume
o be a pro er of war a 
houl a  oub
are a
o whe
her a  uh pero  e

le

o
he 
a
u of pro er of war he hall o
 ue
o have uh

a
u u
l uh
me a h 
a
u ha bee e
erm e b a
ompe
e

rbu al. (r
le 45)
Vc a  member of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
who
fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 whle e gag g 
epo age hall o
have
he rgh

o
he 
a
u of pro er of war
a  ma be
rea
e a a p (r
le 46)
Vc member of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
who o
behalf of
ha
Par
 a  
err
or o
rolle b a avere
Par
 ga
her or a

emp

o ga
her  forma
o hall o
be
o ere a e gag g  epo age f whle o a
 g he  

he u form of h arme fore (r
le 46)
Vc mere ar hall o
have
he rgh

o be a omba
a
or a
pro er of war (r
le 47)

Par
4 Cvla Popula
o

Vc
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall a
all
me 
 guh be
wee

he vla popula
o a  omba
a
 a  be
wee vla
obje
 a  ml
ar obje
ve a  aor gl hall re

her
opera
o  o l aga 
ml
ar obje
ve (r
le 48)
Vc Y ae of oub
whe
her a pero  a vla 
ha
pero hall
be o ere
o be a vla (r
le 50)
Vc Cvla obje
 hall o
be
he obje
of a

ak or of repral.
(r
le 52)
Vc S
arva
o of vla  a a me
ho of warfare  prohb
e (r
le
54)
Vc Y
he o u
of ml
ar opera
o  o 
a
are hall be
ake

o pare
he vla popula
o  vla  a  vla obje
.
(r
le 57)
Vc Pero  who before
he beg  g of ho
l
e were o ere
a 
a
ele pero  or refugee u er
he releva

er a
o al
 
rume
 aep
e b
he Par
e o er e or u er
he
a
o al legla
o of
he S
a
e of refuge or S
a
e of ree e
hall be pro
e
e pero  (r
le 73)
Vc Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e a 
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
fal
a
e  ever poble wa
he reu o of famle pere
a a reul
of arme o fl
 a  hall e ourage  par
ular
he
work of
he huma 
ara orga a
o  e gage 
h
ak 
aora e w
h
he provo  of
he Co ve
o  a  of
h
Pro
ool a   o form
 w
h
her repe
ve eur

regula
o . (r
le 74)
Pro
e
o of Cvla Popula
o (r
le 5g)
Vc Vhe vla popula
o a   vual vla  hall e jo ge eral
pro
e
o aga 
a ger ar g from ml
ar opera
o .
Vc Vhe vla popula
o a uh a well a  vual vla  hall
o
be
he obje
of a

ak. 
 or
hrea
 of vole e
he prmar
purpoe of whh 
o prea
error amo g
he vla popula
o
are prohb
e.
Vc

ak aga 

he vla popula
o or vla  b wa of
repral are prohb
e.
Vc Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall o
re

he moveme
of
he
vla popula
o or  vual vla   orer
o a

emp

o

Page gg
of g *

hel ml
ar obje
ve from a

ak or
o hel ml
ar

opera
o .
Pro
e
o of Cvla Obje

Vc

ak hall be lm
e 
r
l
o ml
ar obje
ve. Y o far a
obje
 are o er e ml
ar obje
ve are lm
e
o
hoe
obje
 whh b
her a
ure loa
o  purpoe or ue make a
effe
ve o
rbu
o
o ml
ar a
o a  whoe
o
al or par
al
e
ru
o  ap
ure or eu
rala
o  
he rum
a e rul g
a

he
me offer a ef 
e ml
ar ava
age. (r
le 52)
Vc 
 prohb
e
o omm
a  a
 of ho
l
 re
e aga 

he
h
or mo ume
 work of ar
or plae of worhp whh
o 

u
e
he ul
ural or pr
ual her
age of people;
o ue uh
obje
  uppor
of
he ml
ar effor
;
o make uh obje

he
obje
of repral. (r
le 53)
Vc prohb
e
o a

ak e
ro remove or re er uele obje

 pe able
o
he urvval of
he vla popula
o  uh a
foo-
uff agrul
ural area for
he prou
o of foo-
uff
rop lve
ok r k g wa
er  
alla
o  a  upple a 
rrga
o work for
he pef purpoe of e  g
hem for
her
u
e a e value
o
he vla popula
o or
o
he avere Par

(r
le 54)
Vc prohb
o  above hall o
appl
o uh of
he obje
 overe
b 
a are ue b a avere Par
 a u
e a e olel for
he
member of 
 arme fore; or f o
a u
e a e
he 
re
uppor
of ml
ar a
o (r
le 54)
Pro
e
o of
he ?a
ural E vro me
(r
le 55)
Vc Care hall be
ake  warfare
o pro
e

he a
ural e vro me

aga 
weprea lo g-
erm a  evere amage
Vc

ak aga 

he a
ural e vro me
b wa of repral are
prohb
e.
Pro
e
o of work a   
alla
o  o
a  g a gerou fore
(r
le 56)
Vc Work or  
alla
o  o
a  g a gerou fore amel am
ke a  ulear ele
ral ge era
 g 
a
o  hall o
be
mae
he obje
of a

ak eve where
hee obje
 are ml
ar
obje
ve f uh a

ak ma aue
he releae of a gerou
fore a  o eque
evere loe amo g
he vla
popula
o .
Vc Y orer
o fal
a
e
he e
fa
o of
he obje
 pro
e
e b

h ar
le
he Par
e
o
he o fl
ma mark
hem w
h a
peal g o 
 g of a group of
hree brgh
ora ge rle
plae o
he ame ax
Zo e u er Speal Pro
e
o
Vc Y
 prohb
e for
he Par
e
o
he o fl

o a

ak b a 
mea  wha
oever o -efe e loal
e (r
le 59)
Vc Vhe appropra
e au
hor
e of a Par

o
he o fl
ma elare
a a o -efe e loal
 a   hab
e plae ear or  a o e
where arme fore are  o
a
whh  ope for oupa
o
b a avere Par
. Suh a loal
 hall fulfll
he follow g
o 
o  all omba
a
 a well a moble weapo  a  moble
ml
ar equpme
mu
have bee evaua
e; o ho
le ue
hall be mae of fxe ml
ar  
alla
o  or e
ablhme
; o
a
 of ho
l
 hall be omm

e b
he au
hor
e or b
he
popula
o ; a  o a
v
e  uppor
of ml
ar opera
o 
hall be u er
ake . (r
le 59)
Vc Y
 prohb
e for
he Par
e
o
he o fl

o ex
e 
her
ml
ar opera
o 
o o e o whh
he have o ferre b
agreeme

he 
a
u of eml
are o e f uh ex
e o 
o
rar
o
he
erm of
h agreeme
. eml
are o e  a
o e whh fulfl
he follow g o 
o  all omba
a
 a well
a moble weapo  a  moble ml
ar equpme
 mu
have


c cc  c9 c 


bee evaua
e; o ho
le ue hall be mae of fxe ml
ar

 
alla
o  or e
ablhme
; o a
 of ho
l
 hall be
omm

e b
he au
hor
e or b
he popula
o ; a  a 
a
v
 l ke
o
he ml
ar effor
mu
have eae.
(r
le 60)
Cvl Defe e
Vc "Cvl efe e" mea 
he performa e of huma 
ara
ak

e e
o pro
e

he vla popula
o aga 

he a ger
a 
o help 

o reover from
he mmea
e effe
 of ho
l
e
or a
er a  alo
o prove
he o 
o  eear for 

urvval (r
le 6g)
Vc Cvla vl efe e orga a
o  a 
her pero el hall be
repe
e a  pro
e
e (r
le 62)
Vc Oup g Power ma arm vl efe e pero el for reao 
of eur
. (r
le 62)
Vc . Vhe pro
e
o
o whh vla vl efe e orga a
o 
her
pero el bul g hel
er a  ma
rel are e

le hall o

eae u le
he omm
or are ue
o omm
 ou
e
her
proper
ak a
 harmful
o
he e em. Pro
e
o ma
however eae o l af
er a war  g ha bee gve e

 g
whe ever appropra
e a reao able
me-lm
 a  af
er uh
war  g ha rema e u heee. (r
le 65)
Vc Y
hall alo o
be o ere a a a
harmful
o
he e em
ha

vla vl efe e pero el bear lgh
 vual weapo  for

he purpoe of ma
a  g orer or for elf-efe e (r
le 65)
Vc Eah Par

o
he o fl
hall e eavour
o e ure
ha

 vl
efe e orga a
o 
her pero el bul g a  ma
rel are
e
fable whle
he are exluvel evo
e
o
he performa e
of vl efe e
ak. (r
le 66)
Vc Vhe 
er a
o al 
 
ve g of vl efe e  a equla
eral
blue
ra gle o a ora ge grou  whe ue for
he pro
e
o
of vl efe e orga a
o 
her pero el bul g a 
ma
rel a  for vla hel
er. (r
le 66)
elef 
o 
Vc Yf
he vla popula
o of a 
err
or u er
he o
rol of a
Par

o
he o fl
 o
her
ha oupe
err
or  o

aequa
el prove w
h upple relef a
o  whh are
huma 
ara a  mpar
al  hara
er a  o u
e w
hou

a  avere 
 
o hall be u er
ake  ubje

o
he
agreeme
of
he Par
e o er e  uh relef a
o . Offer
of uh relef hall o
be regare a 
erfere e 
he arme
o fl
or a u fre l a
. Y
he 
rbu
o of relef
o g me
 pror
 hall be gve
o
hoe pero  uh a
hlre  expe
a
mo
her ma
er 
 ae a  ur g
mo
her who u er
he Four
h Co ve
o or u er
h
Pro
ool are
o be aore prvlege
rea
me
or peal
pro
e
o . (r
le 70)
Vc Eah Par
  reep
of relef o g me
 hall
o
he fulle

ex
e
pra
able a

he relef pero el  arr g ou

her
relef mo . O l  ae of mpera
ve ml
ar ee
 ma

he a
v
e of
he relef pero el be lm
e or
her
moveme

emporarl re
r
e. (r
le 7g)
Pe al Proeu
o  (r
le 75)
Vc ?o e
e e ma be pae a  o pe al
 ma be exeu
e o a
pero fou  gul
 of a pe al offe e rela
e
o
he arme
o fl
exep
purua

o a o v
o pro ou e b a
mpar
al a  regularl o 

u
e our
repe
 g
he ge erall
reog e pr ple of regular jual proeure whh  lue

he follow g
(a)
he proeure hall prove for a aue
o be  forme
w
hou
ela of
he par
ular of
he offe e allege aga 
hm
a  hall affor
he aue before a  ur g h
ral all

Page gg+ of g *

eear rgh
 a  mea  of efe e;

(b) o o e hall be o v
e of a offe e exep
o
he ba of
 vual pe al repo bl
;
() o o e hall be aue or o v
e of a rm al offe e o
aou
or a  a
or omo whh  o
o 

u
e a rm al
offe e u er
he a
o al or 
er a
o al law
o whh he wa
ubje
a

he
me whe 
wa omm

e; or hall a heaver
pe al
 be mpoe
ha
ha
whh wa applable a

he
me
whe
he rm al offe e wa omm

e; f af
er
he
ommo of
he offe e provo  mae b law for
he
mpo
o of a lgh
er pe al

he offe er hall be ef

hereb;
() a o e harge w
h a offe e  preume  oe
u
l
prove gul
 aor g
o law;
(e) a o e harge w
h a offe e hall have
he rgh

o be
re
 h pree e;
(f) o o e hall be ompelle
o
e
f aga 
hmelf or
o
o fe gul
;
(g) a o e harge w
h a offe e hall have
he rgh

o
exam e or have exam e
he w
ee aga 
hm a 
o
ob
a
he a

e a e a  exam a
o of w
ee o h behalf
u er
he ame o 
o  a w
ee aga 
hm;
(h) o o e hall be proeu
e or pu he b
he ame Par
 for
a offe e  repe
of whh a f al jugeme
aqu

 g or
o v
 g
ha
pero ha bee prevoul pro ou e u er
he
ame law a  jual proeure;
() a o e proeu
e for a offe e hall have
he rgh

o have

he jugeme
pro ou e publl; a 
(j) a o v
e pero hall be ave o o v
o or h jual
a  o
her remee a  of
he
me-lm
 w
h whh
he ma
be exere.
Pro
e
o of Wome
Vc Wome whoe lber
 ha bee re
r
e for reao  rela
e
o

he arme o fl
hall be hel  quar
er epara
e from me '
quar
er. Vhe hall be u er
he mmea
e upervo of
wome . ?ever
hele  ae where famle are e
a e or

er e
he hall whe ever poble be hel 
he ame plae
a  aommoa
e a faml u 
. (r
le 75)
Vc Wome hall be
he obje
of peal repe
a  hall be
pro
e
e  par
ular aga 
rape fore pro

u
o a  a 
o
her form of  ee
aaul
. (r
le 76)
Vc Preg a
wome a  mo
her hav g epe e
 fa
 who are
arre
e e
a e or 
er e for reao  rela
e
o
he arme
o fl
 hall have
her ae o ere w
h
he u
mo

pror
. (r
le 76)
Vc Vo
he maxmum ex
e
feable
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
e eavor
o avo
he pro ou eme
of
he ea
h pe al
 o
preg a
wome or mo
her hav g epe e
 fa
 for a
offe e rela
e
o
he arme o fl
. Vhe ea
h pe al
 for uh
offe e hall o
be exeu
e o uh wome . (r
le 76)
Pro
e
o of Chlre
Vc Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
ake all feable meaure  orer
ha

hlre who have o
a

a e
he age of ff
ee ear o o


ake a re
par
 ho
l
e a   par
ular
he hall refra
from reru
 g
hem 
o
her arme fore. Y reru
 g amo g

hoe pero  who have a

a e
he age of ff
ee ear bu
who
have o
a

a e
he age of egh
ee ear
he Par
e
o
he
o fl
hall e eavour
o gve pror

o
hoe who are ole
.
(r
le 77)
Vc Yf arre
e e
a e or 
er e for reao  rela
e
o
he arme
o fl
 hlre hall be hel  quar
er epara
e from
he
quar
er of aul
 exep
where famle are aommoa
e a
faml u 
 (r
le 77)


c cc  c9 c 


Vc Vhe ea
h pe al
 for a offe e rela
e
o
he arme o fl

hall o
be exeu
e o pero  who ha o
a

a e
he age of
egh
ee ear a

he
me
he offe e wa omm

e (r
le 77)
Vc ?o Par

o
he o fl
hall arra ge for
he evaua
o of
hlre  o
her
ha 
 ow a
o al
o a foreg ou
r exep

for a
emporar evaua
o where ompell g reao  of
he
heal
h or meal
rea
me
of
he hlre or exep
 oupe

err
or
her afe
 o requre. Where
he pare
 or legal
guara  a be fou 
her wr

e o e

o uh evaua
o
 requre. Yf
hee pero  a o
be fou 
he wr

e o e


o uh evaua
o of
he pero  who b law or u
om are
prmarl repo ble for
he are of
he hlre  requre. 
uh evaua
o hall be uperve b
he Pro
e
 g Power 
agreeme
w
h
he Par
e o er e amel
he Par

arra g g for
he evaua
o 
he Par
 reev g
he hlre a 
a  Par
e whoe a
o al are be g evaua
e. Y eah ae all
Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
ake all feable preau
o 
o avo
e a ger g
he evaua
o . (r
le 78)

Pro
e
o of Jour al
 (r
le 79)

Vc Jour al
 e gage  a gerou profeo al mo   area of
arme o fl
hall be o ere a vla 
Vc Vhe ma ob
a a e

 ar mlar
o
he moel  ex YY
of
h Pro
ool. Vh ar whh hall be ue b
he
gover me
of
he S
a
e of whh
he Jour al
 a a
o al or 
whoe
err
or he ree or  whh
he ew meum
emplo g hm  loa
e hall a

e

o h 
a
u a a jour al
.
Grave Breahe (r
le 85)
Vc
he follow g a
 hall be regare a grave breahe of
h
Pro
ool whe omm

e wllfull  vola
o of
he releva

provo  of
h Pro
ool a  au g ea
h or erou  jur
o
bo or heal
h
(a) mak g
he vla popula
o or  vual vla 
he obje

of a

ak;
(b) lau h g a  rm a
e a

ak affe
 g
he vla
popula
o or vla obje
 
he k owlege
ha
uh a

ak
wll aue exeve lo of lfe  jur
o vla  or amage
o
vla obje
 a ef e  r
le 57 paragraph 2 (a)();
() lau h g a a

ak aga 
work or  
alla
o  o
a  g
a gerou fore 
he k owlege
ha
uh a

ak wll aue
exeve lo of lfe  jur
o vla  or amage
o vla
obje
 a ef e  r
le 57 paragraph 2 (a)();
() mak g o -efe e loal
e a  eml
are o e
he
obje
of a

ak;
(e) mak g a pero
he obje
of a

ak 
he k owlege
ha
he
 hor e omba
;
(f)
he perfou ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he re ro
re ree
or re lo a  u or of o
her pro
e
ve g 
reog e b
he Co ve
o  or
h Pro
ool
Vc
he follow g hall be regare a grave breahe of
h Pro
ool
whe omm

e wllfull a   vola
o of
he Co ve
o  or

he Pro
ool
(a)
he
ra fer b
he oup g Power of par
 of 
 ow vla
popula
o 
o
he
err
or 
oupe or
he epor
a
o or

ra fer of all or par
 of
he popula
o of
he oupe
err
or
w
h or ou
e
h
err
or
Vc (b) u ju
fable ela 
he repa
ra
o of pro er of war or
vla ;
() pra
e of apar
he a  o
her  huma a  egra g
pra
e  volv g ou
rage upo pero al g 
 bae o raal
rm a
o ;
() mak g
he learl-reog e h
or mo ume
 work of
ar
or plae of worhp whh o 

u
e
he ul
ural or pr
ual
her
age of people a 
o whh peal pro
e
o ha bee

Page g)* of g *

gve b peal arra geme
 for example w
h
he framework

of a ompe
e

er a
o al orga a
o 
he obje
of a

ak
au g a a reul
ex
e ve e
ru
o
hereof where
here 
o eve e of
he vola
o b
he avere Par
 of r
le 53
ubparagraph (b) a  whe uh h
or mo ume
 work of
ar
a  plae of worhp are o
loa
e 
he mmea
e
proxm
 of ml
ar obje
ve;
(e) eprv g a pero pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o  or referre
o
 paragraph 2 of
h r
le of
he rgh
 of far a  regular
ral.
Vc grave breahe of
hee  
rume
 hall be regare a war
rme
Y
er a
o al Fa
-F  g Commo (r
le 90)
Vc a) Y
er a
o al Fa
-F  g Commo (here af
er referre

o a "
he Commo ") o 
 g of g5 member of hgh moral

a  g a  ak owlege mpar
al
 hall be e
ablhe;
(b) Whe o
le
ha 20 gh Co
ra
 g Par
e have agree
o
aep

he ompe
e e of
he Commo purua

o paragraph
2
he epo
ar hall
he  a  a

erval of fve ear

hereaf
er o ve e a mee
 g of repree
a
ve of
hoe gh
Co
ra
 g Par
e for
he purpoe of ele
 g
he member of

he Commo .

he mee
 g
he repree
a
ve hall ele


he member of
he Commo b ere
ballo
from a l
of
pero 
o whh eah of
hoe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e ma
om a
e o e pero ;
() Vhe member of
he Commo hall erve 
her pero al
apa
 a  hall hol offe u
l
he ele
o of ew member
a

he e u g mee
 g;
()

he ele
o 
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e hall e ure
ha


he pero 
o be ele
e
o
he Commo  vuall poe

he qualfa
o  requre a 
ha
 
he Commo a a
whole equ
able geographal repree
a
o  aure;
(e) Y
he ae of a aual vaa 
he Commo 
elf hall fll

he vaa  hav g ue regar
o
he provo  of
he pree g
ubparagraph;
(f) Vhe epo
ar hall make avalable
o
he Commo
he
eear am 
ra
ve fal
e for
he performa e of 

fu 
o .
Vc Vhe Commo hall be ompe
e

o
()  qure 
o a  fa
 allege
o be a grave breah a ef e 

he Co ve
o  a 
h Pro
ool or o
her erou vola
o of
he
Co ve
o  or of
h Pro
ool;
() fal
a
e
hrough 
 goo offe
he re
ora
o of a
a


ue of repe
for
he Co ve
o  a 
h Pro
ool;
() Y o
her 
ua
o 
he Commo hall  

u
e a  qur a


he reque
of a Par

o
he o fl
o l w
h
he o e
of
he
o
her Par
 or Par
e o er e;
(e) Subje

o
he forego g provo  or
h paragraph
he
provo  of r
le 52 of
he Fr
Co ve
o  r
le 53 of
he
Seo  Co ve
o  r
le g32 or
he Vhr Co ve
o a 
r
le g49 of
he Four
h Co ve
o hall o
 ue
o appl
o
a  allege vola
o of
he Co ve
o  a  hall ex
e 
o a 
allege vola
o of
h Pro
ool.
epo bl
 (r
le 9g)
Vc Par

o
he o fl
whh vola
e
he provo  of
he
Co ve
o  or of
h Pro
ool hall f
he ae ema  be
lable
o pa ompe a
o . Y
hall be repo ble for all a

omm

e b pero  form g par
of 
 arme fore.
De u a
o (r
le 99)
Vc Y ae a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 houl e ou e
h Pro
ool

he e u a
o hall o l
ake effe
o e ear af
er reep
of

he  
rume
of e u a
o . Yf however o
he expr of
ha

ear
he e ou  g Par
  e gage  o e of
he 
ua
o 


c cc  c9 c 


referre
o  r
le Y
he e u a
o hall o

ake effe

before
he e  of
he arme o fl
or oupa
o a  o
  a 
ae before opera
o  o e
e w
h
he f al releae
repa
ra
o or re-e
ablhme
of
he pero  pro
e
e b
he
Co ve
o or
h Pro
ool have bee
erm a
e.
Vc Vhe e u a
o hall be o
fe  wr
 g
o
he epo
ar
whh hall
ra m


o all
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e.

c.$c $c

Page g)g of g *


 
ve emblem me
o e  r
le g a  2 a 
her

eg a
o   lu g
he perfou ue a 
he ue of a  g
or eg a
o o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof.
?o
w
h
a  g
he paragraph above gh Co
ra
 g Par
e ma
perm
pror uer of
he
hr Pro
ool emblem or of a  g
o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof
o o
 ue uh ue prove

ha

he a ue hall o
be uh a woul appear 
me of arme
o fl

o o fer
he pro
e
o of
he Ge eva Co ve
o  a 
where applable
he g977 
o al Pro
ool a  prove
ha


he rgh

o uh ue were aqure before
he aop
o of
h
Pro
ool.

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Vhe rule oberve  
er a
o al arme o fl
 are alo
applable  o -
er a
o al arme o fl
.

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D
 
ve Emblem (r
le 2)
Vc Vh Pro
ool reog e a a
o al 
 
ve emblem 
a
o
o a  for
he ame purpoe a
he 
 
ve
emblem of
he Ge eva Co ve
o . Vhe 
 
ve emblem
hall e jo equal 
a
u.
Vc Vh a
o al 
 
ve emblem ompoe of a re frame 

he hape of a quare o ege o a wh
e grou  hall o form

o
he llu
ra
o 
he ex
o
h Pro
ool. Vh 
 
ve
emblem  referre
o 
h Pro
ool a
he "
hr Pro
ool
emblem".
Y a
ve ue of
he
hr Pro
ool emblem (r
le 3)
Vc ?a
o al Soe
e of
hoe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e whh ee

o ue
he
hr Pro
ool emblem ma  u g
he emblem 
o form
 w
h releva
a
o al legla
o  hooe
o
 orpora
e w
h 
 for  a
ve purpoe
a) a 
 
ve emblem reog e b
he Ge eva Co ve
o  or
a omb a
o of
hee emblem; or
b) a o
her emblem whh ha bee  effe
ve ue b a gh
Co
ra
 g Par
 a  wa
he ubje
of a ommu a
o
o
he
o
her gh Co
ra
 g Par
e a 
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of

he e Cro
hrough
he epo
ar pror
o
he aop
o of
h
Pro
ool.

 o e of
he mo
 am fel of 
er a
o al

ommeral law
oa foreg  ve
me
law ha u ergo e a
rap evolu
o  
a
e pra
e w
h
he ree
pa
. Vhere are
ma  e
er of o
rover w
h
he larger fel of foreg
 ve
me
law bu
arguabl
he mo
o
e
ou ue rema 

ha
of expropra
o . Vhe o
ex
of 
er a
o al expropra
o
rule 
he home 
a
e (where
he  ve
me
 loa
e)
expropra
e
he rgh
 of ow erhp of
he  ve
or 
a
e (who

roue
he  ve
me
a 
o whom uh  ve
me
belo g)
who a a ale  ma rel o 
er a
o al law for
he 
a ar of

rea
me

ha
houl be aore
o 
. We mu
remember
ha

expropra
o  al
hough reog e a o e of
he  here
a

rbu
e
of overeg
 aume a 
er a
o al a 
herefore more
omplex me o whe exere aga 
foreg proper

beaue (g)
he  ve
or 
a
e be g a ubje
of a foreg 
a
e
a o
be eeme
o have bee omple
el ubume u er
he
au
hor
 a  overeg
 of
he home 
a
e b vr
ue merel of

her o
ra
ual rela
o  (2)
he rela
o hp of home a   ve
or

a
e are learl ef e u er a  ve
me
o
ra
whh
aor g
o 
 verbage ma or ma o
make refere e
o

er a
o al law  ae of o fl
 
he former ae
he eall
abolu
e exere of
he home 
a
e
 overeg
 beome lm
e

o a er
a ex
e
b
he 
a ar of 
er a
o al law. Y
avga
 g
hrough
he
urbule
wa
er of expropra
o rule o e
ma be gue b
he follow g pr ple whh
o a
e ma be
a
o gover foreg  ve
me
law
g.c Vhe orm rema 
o be
he harmo a
o of all oure
of legal oblga
o . O e par

o a  ve
me
o
ra

a o

herefore re ege o
he u
e 
volu
arl
aume o
he pre
ex
of ompl g w
h a u
 or
exer g a rgh
f
he oure of uh u
 or rgh
ome

o o fl
w
h
he oblga
o  la ow 
he
 ve
me
o
ra
a  or u
omar law. Vhe home

a
e 
herefore o
allowe
o u la
erall revoke
 ve
me
agreeme
 o
he ba of 
 abolu
e
overeg
 over 
 a
ural reoure beaue uh
exere of overeg
 mu
a muh a poble be
o o a
w
h
he u

o ompl w
h oblga
o  vall
e
ere 
o.

r

Who ma ue
he 3 pro
ool emblem

Vc ?a
o al oe
e of hgh o
ra
 g par
e (r
le 3)
Vc Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he e Cro a 
he Y
er a
o al
Feera
o of e Cro a  e Cree
Soe
e a 
her ul
au
hore pero el (r
le 4)
Vc meal erve a  relgou pero el par
pa
 g 
opera
o  u er
he aupe of
he U 
e ?a
o  (r
le 5)
Preve
o a  epreo of ue (r
le 6)
Vc Vhe provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o  a  where applable

he g977 
o al Pro
ool gover  g preve
o a 
repreo of mue of
he 
 
ve emblem hall appl
equall
o
he
hr Pro
ool emblem. Y par
ular
he gh
Co
ra
 g Par
e hall
ake meaure eear for
he
preve
o a  repreo  a
all
me of a  mue of
he

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2.c Yf harmo a
o  o
poble
he orm rema 
o be

he exproprabl
 of ever proper
. l
hough  ve
me

o
ra
 mu
be omple w
h  goo fa
h all 
a
e
reog e
he val
 of
he exere of a home 
a
e of 

preroga
ve
o expropra
e. Vhe home 
a
e a
herefore

ake foreg proper
 a 
here are o e
ablhe
abolu
e exep
o 
o
h rule (mea  g
here are o
ae where
he home 
a
e a be a
o be abolu
el
barre or prelue from expropra
 g). Vhe o l
ffere e le 
he legal o eque e of ever a
of

ak g whh woul epe  o whe
her
he
ak g wa
lawful or o
 or whe
her
he par
e exprel prove 

he  ve
me
o
ra
for
he proee
o be omple
w
h ur g uh expropra
or a
.

3.c For ever a
of expropra
o 
he orm rema 
o be
he

ompe abl
 of ever a
of
ak g. Yf
he home 
a
e

ake 
 bou 
o pa. Vh 
he preval g rule 
urre

a
e pra
e a  op o jur. Vhe home 
a
e
ma exere 
 preroga
ve
o expropra
e bu

a o

o o w
hou
ompe a
 g
he  ve
or 
a
e or a
lea

re 
a
 g
he 
a
u quo a
e (mea  g
he
o era
o  pa for a  be ef
 reeve u er
he
o
ra
woul be re
ore
o
he repe
ve par
e). Vhe
u

o pa ompe a
o ma
ake varou form. Y
ma
be (g) a eear legal o eque e of
he expropra
or
a
 a prove exprel 
he  ve
me
o
ra
(2) a
eear legal o eque e of
he expropra
or a
 
aora e w
h u
omar law (3) a al
er a
ve form of
ex
 guhme
of a legal oblga
o ( 
ea of perform g

he oblga
o  u er
he o
ra

he home 
a
e
hooe
o re 
a
e
he 
a
u quo a
e b gv g bak a
ompe a
o 
he o era
o for
he o
ra
plu
o
her  e
al aju
me
) or (4) 
he form of
pu 
ve amage where
he
ak g wa ajuge
o be
u lawful  whh ae
he o
ra
ma be e fore or f
performa e  alrea mpoble
he home 
a
e ma be
requre
o pa ompe a
o  a amou

ha
woul
approxma
e
he value of
he proper

ake a 
he
amage aue b
he u lawful
ak g. Vhe fa

ha

ompe a
o mu
be pa  ge erall aep
e a a
orm;
he o l po
of o
e
o 
he QU?VU of
uh ompe a
o . ow muh houl be pa  of
e a
ubje
of eba
e a 
here  a e
o fxe rule 
e
erm  g
he value of ompe a
o
ha
mu
be pa.
Y pra
e however wha

he home 
a
e pa
he
 ve
or woul uuall be a ma

er of ego
a
o a 
o 
o e upo
he f a al rum
a e of
he home

a
e. Vhere are ome ae where
he orm of
ompe abl
  beleve
o be  applable al
hough
uh exemp
o  are fou  
he wr
 g of publ
 a 
o au
hor
a
ve eo ha e
bee re ere
reog  g
hee exemp
o  a uh. Vhe example are
40
4g

he
ax g power of
he 
a
e  regula
or
ak g  a 
42
pole power .

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Page g)) of g *

4.c Y a  ae
he orm rema 
o be e foreabl
 of ever


er a
o al legal oblga
o  regarle of
he oure. Vhe
 ve
me
o
ra
ma be prmarl
he law be
wee
he
par
e. owever b vr
ue of
he fa

ha
 ve
me

agreeme
 are of
e o lue be
wee 
a
e or
be
wee prva
e e

e purua

o a
rae agreeme

o lue b
her repe
ve 
a
e 
er a
o al legal
oblga
o  woul  ev
abl ome 
o pla.  uh from

he
me
he  ve
or 
a
e 
roue
he foreg proper


o
he home 
a
e

err
or bo
h woul have
o be
gue b
he oblga
o  whh bo
h are bou 
o u er

er a
o al law.  a o eque e
he home 
a
e
a o
be perm

e
o u er
ake a expropra
o  uh
ma er a
o be vola
ve of o
her 
er a
o al legal
oblga
o  lke (g)
he u

o oberve pa
a u

43
erva a u er u
omar law (2)
he u

o aor
foreg  ve
or w
h
he 
er a
o al m mum 
a ar
44
of
rea
me
u er u
omar law (3)
he u

o
expropra
e for a publ purpoe o a o -rm a
or
ba a  w
h pame
of ju
ompe a
o u er
u
omar law45 or (4)
he u

o oberve eleme
ar
rule of o
ra
ual rela
o  a emboe  ge eral
pr ple of law rela
 g
o o
ra
46.
Y eal g w
h
he ue of expropra
o  o e mu
be gue b
ba U?
ex

ouh g o expropra
o

?a
o ala
o  expropra
o or requ
o  g hall be

bae o grou  or reao  of publ u
l
 eur
 or

he a
o al 
ere
whh are reog e a overr g
purel  vual or prva
e 
ere
 bo
h ome
 a 
foreg . Y uh ae
he ow er hall be pa appropra
e
ompe a
o   aora e w
h
he rule  fore 
he

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Page g) of g *

S
a
e
ak g uh meaure 
he exere of 


overeg
 a   aora e w
h 
er a
o al law.
(VYCLE 4)

he pr ple of
he law of Lba ommo
o
he pr ple of

er a
o al law a  
he abe e of uh ommo pr ple

he b a   aora e w
h
he ge eral pr ple of law
 lu g uh of
hoe pr ple a ma have bee apple b

er a
o al
rbu al. Fur
her u er
he o eo o
ra
 a 
pu
e ar g from
he 
erpre
a
o of
he
erm of
he
agreeme
( lu g allege breahe of
he 
abla
o laue)
hall be ubm

e
o 
er a
o al arb
ra
o .

Foreg  ve
me
agreeme
 freel e
ere 
o b or

be
wee overeg S
a
e hall be oberve  goo fa
h;
S
a
e a  
er a
o al orga a
o  hall 
r
l a 
o e
oul repe

he overeg
 of people a 
a
o  over
her a
ural weal
h a  reoure 
aora e w
h
he Char
er a 
he pr ple e
for
h 

he pree
reolu
o . (VYCLE 8)

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4C?

Vo a
o ale expropra
e or
ra fer ow erhp of

foreg proper
  whh ae appropra
e ompe a
o
houl be pa b
he S
a
e aop
 g uh meaure

ak g 
o aou

 releva
law a  regula
o  a 
all rum
a e
ha

he S
a
e o er per
 e
. Y a 
ae where
he que
o of ompe a
o gve re
o a
o
rover 
hall be e

le u er
he ome
 law of

he a
o al g S
a
e a  b 

rbu al u le 

freel a  mu
uall agree b all S
a
e o er e
ha

o
her peaeful mea  be ough
o
he ba of
he
overeg equal
 of S
a
e a   aora e w
h
he
pr ple of free hoe of mea . (VYCLE 2 Par. 2
Subpar. C)
((( Y 
m
  Y
0  Y
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 arr o
e
he Char
er ha o
a

a e
he 
a
u of u
om

beaue evelope 
a
e have effe
vel mou
e a re
a e
o

he laue whh oe o
requre a publ purpoe preo 
o

o expropra
o . Vhe ame 
rue w
h
he Delara
o o
he
E
ablhme
of
he ?ew Y
er a
o al Eo om Orer a o
her U?
G eolu
o bake b evelop g ou
re whh wa
overre  aor g
o Wale b
he h
oral  l a
o
owar
marke
lberalm. Vhe formula of evelop g 
a
e aor g
o
hm wa mpl  ompa
ble w
h
he
e e 
owar promo
o
of foreg  ve
me

he la

er requr g aequa
e a  
able
pro
e
o  a a  ueme

o rk-avere foreg  ve
or. Vhe
follow g urve of ae law o expropra
o repree

he vew

ake b 
er a
o al
rbu al  
erpre
 g
he ffere

opera
ve
erm of
he aforequo
e
ex

c

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YYY Y
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Y g973 a  g974 Lba ee
o a
o ale
he proper
e a 
ae
 of
wo mera ompa e whh were gra
e o eo
o
ra

o explo
a  ex
ra
ol. Vhe o
e
o e
er o
wo
laue 
he o eo o
ra
(g)
he 
abla
o laue
whh prove
ha

he o
ra
ual rgh
 exprel rea
e b
h
o eo hall o
be al
ere exep
b mu
ual o e
of
he
par
e a  (2)
he gover  g law laue whh prove
ha

he
o eo hall be gover e b a  
erpre
e  aora e w
h

or g
o ole arb
ra
or Dupu
he 
abla
o  gover  g law

a  arb
ra
o laue of
he o eo o
ra
are uffe

eve e
ha

he o
ra
ha bee 
er a
o ale mea  g
ubje
e
o
he 
a ar of 
er a
o al law a 
ake ou
of
he
amb
of ome
 law. Vhe val
 of
he a
ua
o  of bo
h par
e

herefore ha
o be meaure aga 

er a
o al 
a ar a 
o
bae o 
 ompa
bl
 w
h Lba law. Y
er a
o ala
o
of o
ra
 reul
 
he pro
e
o of  ve
or aga 

he rk of
o
ra
ual mofa
o or abroga
o reul
 g from ha ge 
mu pal law or o
her gover me
al meaure. Spefall Dupu

a
e
ha

he reog 
o b 
er a
o al law of
he rgh

o
a
o ale  o
uffe
grou 
o empower
he 
a
e
o
regar 
 omm
me
 beaue
he ame law alo reog e

he power of a 
a
e
o omm

elf 
er a
o all epeall b
aep
 g
he  luo of 
abla
o laue  a o
ra
e
ere

o w
h a foreg prva
e par
Vhu  repe
of
he

er a
o al law of o
ra
 a a
o ala
o a o
preval over
a 
er a
o ale o
ra
 o
a  g 
abla
o laue
Vherefore f a 
a
e bou  
elf
o a o
ra
whh  
er a
o al
 hara
er a  bure e w
h 
abla
o laue uh 
a
e 
eeme
o have wave 
 preroga
ve
o expropra
e o
rar
o

he
erm of uh o
ra
. S e 
h ae
he expropra
o wa
eeme
o have bee o
rar
o
he 
abla
o laue of a

er a
o ale o
ra

he expropra
or a
 e
ae a 
Dupu aware a reme of Y    Y
 mea  g Lba
wa ompelle
o perform 
 oblga
o  u er
he o eo
o
ra
 .e.
o allow Vexao
o ex
ra
ol.

5+"!
c
;VYY  Y Y   Y
   8Y YYY
Y  

+  Y YY    Y Y+ Y
Y  Y  YY
 
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+ +Y   

Y<
BP Explora
o Compa  (BP) ha a o
ra
ual agreeme
w
h
he
Gover me
of Lba (Lba) whh allowe BP
o opera
e  Lba
for
he ex
ra
o  proe g a  expor
of pe
roleum. Vhe area 
whh BP wa allowe
o opera
e wa alle Co eo 65; 
ha a
area of over 8000 q. km. 
he hear
of
he Sarr eer
. O
?ovember 29 a  30 of g97g
he Gover me
of Yra oupe 3
Yla  
he Gulf (bu ua a 
he Grea
er a  Leer Vumb).
Vhee Yla  were 
ll u er Br
h pro
e
o 
hough
he
rea

whh prove uh pro
e
o woul la
o l u
l ?ov. 30 g97g.
Vhe Br
h however  o
rea

o
he oupa
o  a  were
blame
o be
he aue of
he lo of
he Yla . Y Deember 7 of
g97g Lba pae
he BP ?a
o ala
o Law whh a
o ale

he opera
o  of BP  Co eo 65 re
or g
o
he S
a
e
ow erhp of all proper
e rgh
 ae
 a  hare 
he
opera
o  o u
e 
he a area a 
he
ra ferr g
hee

o a ew ompa 
he raba Gulf Explora
o Compa . Vhe law
wa pae  rea
o
o Br
a
 falure
o a
o
he Yra a
oupa
o of 

hree pro
e
ora
e la  
he Gulf. Vhe
a
o ala
o law prove
ha

he S
a
e houl pa
ompe a
o
o BP whh wa
o be e
erm e b a omm

ee
e
ablhe b
he  
er of Pe
roleum. Vhe eo of uh a


c cc  c9 c 


Page g) of g *

omm

ee wa
o be f al
o am
o appeal a 
o be

ommu a
e
o
he Pe
roleum  
er who wll
he  form BP
abou

w
h 30 a of ua e. owever o a
o o
ompe a
o wa
ake u
l Februar g3 g972.
hree ma
omm

ee wa forme bu

wa o l  Sep
ember of
ha
ear

ha
BP reeve ommu a
o from
he omm

ee ak g 

remark a  vewpo
 o
he ma

er of ompe a
o .  a reul

of
he ?a
o ala
o Law (whh wa rapl mpleme
e) BP

opera
o   Co eo 65 were brough

o a omple
e hal
a  


aff were mmea
el exlue from
he preme a  fal
e.
Vhe raba Gulf Explora
o Compa  ha
ake over Co eo
65.

hereu er b Lba o 

u
e a fu ame
al breah of
he BP

Co eo a
he amou

o a
o
al repua
o of
he agreeme

a  oblga
o  of Lba u er uh agreeme
. Vhe bae for
h
rul g are rule of applable 
em of law
oo eleme
ar a 
volum ou
o requre or perm

a
o . Fur
her Lba

ak g of
BP
 proper
 rgh
 a  
ere
 learl vola
e Publ Y
er a
o al
Law a 
wa mae for purel ex
ra eou pol
al reao  a  wa
arb
rar a  rm a
or (a o
her o eo  have o
bee

ouhe). Y
wa alo o fa
or a o offer of ompe a
o wa
mae 
wo ear.

Vhe Co eo o
ra

h ae o
a 
he ame gover  g

law laue a
ha

he ae of VY above
ha
Lba law
woul be applable o l
o
he ex
e

ha

o e w
h

er a
o al law. Vhe arb
ra
or fr
poe of
he ue of (g)
whe
her or o

he allege  jure par

o a o eo agreeme

ha
he rgh

o eem
he o
ra
a val a  e foreable eve
af
er
he allege wro gful expropra
o a  (2) whe
her or o

he
 jure par
 ma lam repara
o  
he form of pef
performa e re

u
o  
egrum. Vhe arb
ra
or 
a
e
ha

u er 
er a
o al law
he wro gful breah of a o
ra
woul
e

le
he  jure par

o
erm a
e
he o
ra
a

 op
o . U
l
a  u le uh  jure par
 ele

o o o
he o
ra
houl be
eeme a val a  b  g a  
a ompel
he o
her par

o
o
 ue perform g 
 oblga
o  u er 
. owever uh

ua
o  aor g
o
he arb
ra
or oe o
f  appla
o  a
ae where
he o
her (expropra
 g) par
  a overeg 
a
e. Vhe
rgh

o eem
he o
ra
a o
 u g
o be b  g a 
he
o eque
rgh

o ema  re

u
o  
egrum 
herefore o

avalable
o BP u er 
er a
o al law. Vh pro ou eme

mpor
a
beaue 
reog e
he almo
ple ar power of
he
home 
a
e
o expropra
e
ha

he home 
a
e a o
be
prelue u er 
er a
o al law
o expropra
e whe 
whe
o.

;VYY  Y Y   Y Y Y+

++  
+Y  +
Y Y5Y Y   YY
 
Y+
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Y  <

F  g o o urre e be
wee Lba a  
er a
o al law

regar g
he elara
o  ough

o be ob
a e b BP
he
arb
ra
or
he
ur 
o 
er a
o al law. U er 
er a
o al law

he arb
ra
or elare
he ame o luo  a above were
 ev
able o uppor
for
he lam
ha

he  jure par
 ma
eem
he o
ra
a o
 u g
o be val a 
ha
re

u
o 

egrum  proper. Vhe all-mpor
a
por
o of
he eo whh
apple
o all expropra
o ae  volv g a overeg 
a
e 
whe b exere of overeg power a S
a
e omm

e a
fu ame
al breah of a o eo agreeme
b repua
 g 


hrough a a
o ala
o of
he e
erpre a  
 ae
  a
ma er whh mple f al

he o eo are  o
e

le
o
all for pef performa e b
he Gover me
of
he agreeme

a  re 
a
eme
of h o
ra
ual rgh
 bu
h ole reme  a
a
o for amage. Vhe o luo 
herefore u equvoal
he
home 
a
e ma expropra
e whe 
ere
o a  eve f uh
expropra
o  o e  breah of
he o
ra

he home 
a
e a

ll o
be e

le
o re 
a
e
he operabl
 of
he o
ra
; a

he
mo
 
a o l be ompelle
o pa amage.
Y
h ae amage were aware b
he arb
ra
or. owever 

mpor
a

o o
e
ha

he rum
a e u er whh
he
expropra
o
ook plae 
h ae o 

u
e o e of
he fr

 
a e where a arb
ral our
lafe 
a
e a
o  a (g) 
breah of oblga
o  (2) rm a
or a  (3) o fa
or. Vhe
wro gful e of
he expropra
or a
 mpor
a

o e
ablh
beaue
h woul e
erm e
he qua
um of ompe a
o
ha

woul be aware
o
he  jure par
. Vhe of
-quo
e por
o of

he eo  Vhe BP ?a
o ala
o Law a  a
o 
ake

.
!

For fa
 of
he ae pleae refer
o earler refere e u er

Soure of Y
er a
o al Law. owever for purpoe of
h
e
o  
 mpor
a

o reall
ha

he expropra
o u er
ake
b Pola  aga 
Germa 
ere
 
h ae wa mae 
vola
o of a
rea
 a 
herefore lafe a wro gful u er

er a
o al law. Vh ae  of
e quo
e  expropra
o ae
beaue 
prove for
he qua
um of ompe a
o requre
o be
pa  ae of wro gful
ak g b
he home 
a
e. Vhe of
-quo
e
por
o of
he eo  ow k ow a
he Chorow S
a ar 

er a
o al law. Y
 of
e  voke b  ve
or 
a
e
o ju
f

her lam of ompe a
o  beaue 
 uffe
l vague a
o
evae exa
qua
fa
o bu
uffe
l lberal a   l e

owar  ve
or

ere
 a
o be aequa
el ju
fa
or of
lam of full ompe a
o (full mea  g earl ever
h g
he
value of
he proper
 forgo e prof
 fu
ure prof
  e
al
expe e omm

e prof
 a  amage). ?o
e however
ha


he Chorow S
a ar Y o
empla
e re

u
o  
egrum a a
reme for u lawful expropra
o  o
rar
o ubeque
arb
ral
eo  prelu g
he propre
 of a  uh remeal awar a 

he BP ae. Vhe o
 u g val
 of
h aer
o  
ll a ma

er
of eba
e a  of oure al
hough  ve
or 
a
e o e

le 
me

o mere pame
of ompe a
o  
ever hur

o have
he
Chorow S
a ar a
he 
ar
 g po
of ever ego
a
o a far a

he  ve
or 
a
e  o er e. Vhe Chorow S
a ar prove
Vhe ee
al pr ple o
a e 
he a
ual o
o of a llegal
a
- a pr ple whh eem
o be e
ablhe b 
er a
o al
pra
e a   par
ular b
he eo  of arb
ral
rbu al - 

ha
repara
o mu
 a far a poble wpe-ou
all
he
o eque e of
he llegal a
a  re-e
ablh
he 
ua
o whh
woul  all probabl
 have ex
e f
ha
a
ha o
bee
omm

e. (g) e

u
o  k  or f
h  o
poble pame

of a um orrepo  g
o
he value whh a re

u
o  k 
woul bear; (2) war of amage for lo u
a e whh woul
o
be overe b re

u
o  k  or pame
 plae of 
uh
are
he pr ple whh houl erve
o e
erm e
he amou
of
ompe a
o ue for a a
o
rar
o 
er a
o al law.

+"!
(4;0Y Y
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+ 
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Y g973 a  g974 Lba a
o ale bo
h LYCO' rgh
 u er
he
o eo  a  er
a of 
 ol rll g equpme
. Follow g
u ueful ego
a
o  regar g ompe a
o  LYCO reje
e

he
erm of
he a
o ala
o a   
a
e proee g u er
he
arb
ra
o laue. Lba ma
a  g
ha

he a
o ala
o
uperee
he o eo  al
oge
her refue
o par
pa
e 
he
Ge eva proee g. LYCO af
er ob
a  g a favorable rul g
br g a
o
o
he D
r
Cour
of
he D
r
of Columba
o
o frm a  e fore uh rul g. Y br g g
he u
 LYCO
 voke
he jur
o of
he Cour
purua

o mera Law o

o  ga 
Foreg S
a
e argu g
ha
Lba  o
mmu e
u er
he Foreg Sovereg Ymmu 
e 
(FSY). LYCO fur
her
o
e 
ha

he Co ve
o o
he eog 
o a  E foreme

of Foreg rb
ral war (Co ve
o ) requre
he o frma
o of

he awar. Lba oe o
halle ge
he val
 of
he u erl g
awar. Y 
ea 
mou
 a
wo pro ge efe e argu g fr

ha


he Cour
 w
hou
jur
o  a  eo 
ha
eve houl
he
Cour
f  jur
o  
houl refra from e for g
he awar
u er
he Co ve
o beaue of
he a
of 
a
e o
r e. Vh ae
wa brough
before a mera Cour
o
beaue
ha
 where 

wll be l
ga
e bu
beaue LYCO wa
e
he arb
ral eo
re ere  Ge eva
o be o frme 
he U 
e S
a
e.
Vhe D
r
Cour
of
he D
r
of Columba mae everal
pro ou eme
 releva
u er 
er a
o al law. Fr
 
hel
ha


he arb
ra
o laue of
he o eo o
ra
be
wee LYCO
a  Lba  uffe

o br g pu
e ar g u er 
w
h
he
amb
of 
er a
o al law.  uh a far a mera law 
o er e 
ha aqure jur
o over Lba o
w
h
a  g 

uppoel mmu e 
a
u a a 
a
e beaue of
he arb
ra
o
laue (whh prove
ha
arb
ra
o houl
ake plae e
her
where
he par
e agree or where
he arb
ra
or mgh
agree)

ha
o
empla
e arb
ra
o a where 
he worl  lu g
he
U 
e S
a
e.
Seo 
h ae  releva
 expropra
o law beaue 

reog e
ha
meaure fall g w
h
he a
of 
a
e o
r e47
a o
be que
o e b a o
her foreg 
a
e. Y
oe o
mea

ha

he our
before whh a ae  brough
a be eprve of
jur
o properl aqure a 
h ae. Y
o l mea 
ha

l
ga
 g a lam all
he par
e
o
he pu
e  lu g
he our

woul
ake 
a a gve
ha
a a
of 
a
e  val a  leg
ma
e. Y
hor
 all o
her po
 of ue ma be l
ga
e exep
whe
her or
o

he home 
a
e  ju
fe  expropra
 g.
U er mera law par
ularl
he ke looper me me

o
48

he Foreg 
a e 
 a
 of 
a
e ma be pae upo f
uh woul amou

o a o fa
or
ak g vola
ve of 
er a
o al
law a 
he Pree
of
he U 
e S
a
e oe o
exere h
preroga
ve b reao of foreg pol
o prelue mera our

from o g o. U er
h o era
o 
he D
r
Cour
me

cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccc

Page g)2 of g *

LYCO
 lam a be g o
ju
able a  mae
wo
pro ou eme
 releva

o expropra
o law
he
ak g
requreme
of
he ke looper ame me
wa o
a
fe
beaue (g) o
ra
ual rgh
 are o
proper
 a 
he
repua
o of o
ra
ual oblga
o  o
a
ak g w
h
he
mea  g of
he law; a 
he vola
ve of 
er a
o al law requ
e
wa alo o
a
fe beaue (2) a
ak g  o
re ere vola
ve
of 
er a
o al law mpl beaue
he  ve
or  o
a
fe w
h

he amou
of ompe a
o
he home 
a
e  prepare
o pa; a
lo g a
here ex
 a meha m for ompe a
o w
h
he law of

he home 
a
e
he
ak g  lawful.





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are

 opera
 g
hrough Shah Gol a Yra a ubar
ompa  e
ere 
o a agreeme
w
h a Yra a evelopme

ba k
o bu la   Yra a  bul houe upo 
. Vhe proje
wa
proee g o heule whe
her harame
ur g
he g979
revolu
o aue
he w
hrawal of
he mera a  o
her foreg
pero el work g o 
. Vh ouple w
h ge eral revolu
o ar
rup
o a  gover me

erve
o (mak g Shah Gol forgo
o
ra
ual pame
 a  free g Shah Gol
 ba k aou
)
aue
he proje

o fall beh  heule a  Shah Gol
o be 
f a al fful
e. Y Ja uar g980 Yra plae Shah Gol u er
o
rol of a
emporar ma ager. S
are

fle a u
for
ompe a
o  alleg g
ha

he a
 of
he Yra a gover me
 a
expropra
o of 
 proper
 rgh
 u er
he o
ra
.
Vhe S
are

ou g ae  a la mark ae  foreg  ve
me

law beaue 
reog e
he o ep
of a  re
expropra
o .
Y urre
uage
he o ep
ha bee ue 
erha geabl w
h

erm uh a vr
ual expropra
o  effe
ve expropra
o  or
a

a
amou
or equvale

o expropra
o . Y
h ae
he

rbu al reog e
ha

eh all peak g o expropra
o
ook
plae beaue u lke 
he VY 7  or %2$ ae o law
wa pae b Yra expropra
 g
he ae
 of S
are

. owever
he

rbu al mae a pro ou eme

ha

 reog e 

er a
o al law
ha
meaure
ake b a S
a
e a 
erfere w
h
proper
 rgh

o uh a ex
e

ha

hee rgh
 are re ere o
uele
ha

he mu
be eeme
o have bee expropra
e eve

hough
he S
a
e oe o
purpor

o have expropra
e
hem a 

he legal

le
o
he proper
 formall rema  w
h
he org al
ow er. Y
h ae uh ma er of 
erfere e wa omm

e b

he Yra a gover me
whe 
u er
ook a
 lea g
o
he
ba krup
 a  plaeme
u er reeverhp of Shah Gol S
are



o-ve
urer. Upo o g o Yra effe
vel ha
ake
he proper

rgh
 of S
are


he hou g proje
a  eprve 
of 

reao able expe
a
o  a a  ve
or.



c
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Seo l
he S
are

ae  alo g fa
beaue  epar
ure
from
he %2$ vew o
ra
ual rgh
 are eeme
o be
proper
 for purpoe of expropra
o law. Vhe o
r e of
he ae

ha
meaure of expropra
o or
ak g prmarl ame a

phal proper
 have bee eeme
o ompre alo rgh
 of a
o
ra
ual a
ure loel rela
e
o
he phal proper
. Vhe
o
ra
ual rgh
 referre
o b
he Vrbu al  lue uh


c cc  c9 c 



a gble ae
 a ma ageme
rgh
 leg
ma
e  ve
me
bake expe
a
o  
he omple
o of
he ve
ure a  rgh

o
proee. Vhe Vrbu al  um la ow
he o
r e
ha

expropra
o ma be re
or  re
 a 
ha

ma be
u er
ake
hrough a l
eral
ak g of a phal ae
 or
hrough a
eprva
o of ow erhp rgh
 loel rela
e
o a phal
proper
.

6
+&
;%Y  Y  Y Y+Y
Y   
8
  Y
+    YYY Y
Y     Y 
 Y Y

Y+  + YY Y 
Y Y "

+   YY Y+  Y
  Y  <
m ol  a mera ompa  whh wa gra
e a ol
o eo b Kuwa
. owever Kuwa
 b Deree
erm a
e
he
agreeme
before 
 expr a 
ra ferre
he o eo ae

o

elf. m ol que
o
he legal
 of
he
erm a
o u er
he

abla
o laue of
he o
ra
 par
ularl r
g7 a  r

gg(B). Vhe provo  prohb
a a
o ala
o of
he ol ve
ure. r

g7 
a
e
ha
o al
era
o hall be mae 
he
erm of
h
greeme
exep

he eve
of
he Shakh a 
he Compa 
jo
l agree g
ha

 erable 
he 
ere
of bo
h par
e
o
make er
a al
era
o  ele
o  or a
o . r
gg(B) 
a
e

ha
ave a aforea
h greeme
hall o
be
erm a
e
before
he expra
o of
he pero pefeexep
b urre er a
prove  r
le g2 or f
he Compa  hall be  efaul
u er
he
arb
ra
o provo  of r
le g8. Kuwa
  efe e of 

a
o   voke
he pr ple of overeg
 over a
ural reoure
whh aor g
o 
  a mpera
ve rule of ju oge . Vh
pr ple prohb
 S
a
e from gv g guara
ee aga 

he exere
of
he publ au
hor
 over a
ural reoure.
Y o
ra
w
h Dupu
 arb
ral eo 
he VY ae
he
arb
ral our
 %+ exprel re
era
e
ha

here  o rule 

er a
o al law abolu
el prelu g a home 
a
e from
expropra
 g. Vhe o l lm
a
o  (a  o
abolu
e exep
o )
o

h rule are
hree-fol S
a
e ma plege o

o a
o ale bu

o l f a] 
 for a erou u er
ak g; b] 
 exprel 
pula
e
for; ] 
over a lm
e pero. Y hor
 a home 
a
e ma vall
wave 
 expropra
or preroga
ve o l for a lm
e
me (
he
prohb
o aga 

ak g a o
be perpe
ual) o l upo erou
u er
ak g (o
her  ve
me
 of a maller ale ma be
expropra
e more expe
oul) a   a  ae a  uh
lm
a
o  mu
be emboe 
he o
ra
. Vhe expropra
or
power of
he 
a
e 
he ge eral rule a 
herefore a  lm
a
o 

o 
 exere a o
be mple. Y o er g
he legal
o eque e of a expropra
or a
 o era
o mu
be gve

o whe
her
he  ve
or ha bee aequa
el pro
e
e b expre
provo  of
he o
ra
rela
 g
o ompe a
o . Vhe
ompe abl
 of a expropra
or a

ro gl ml
a
e aga 

he
preump
o
ha

he home 
a
e a
ake proper
 w
hou

eear legal o eque e 
he exere of 
 overeg
. Vhe
Vrbu al alo 
erpre
e r
 g7 a  gg(B) a o
abolu
el
forb g a
o ala
o beaue 
mplel requre
ha

a
o ala
o hall o
have a o fa
or hara
er. La
l
he
Vrbu al gave ue re

o
he fa

ha

he a
of Kuwa
wa 
purua e of a leg
ma
e 
a
e pol. Y
o ere
ha

he
u er
ak g (
he ex
ra
o of ol) wa a
fr
 re
e
o arrow
pa
rmo al e 
ha
 a a f a al ve
ure e
ere 
o b
he
Kuwa
 gover me
for 
 gover me
al purpoe. La
er 
beame
a ee
al  
rume

he eo om a  oal progre of
he
S
a
e a eve e b
he progreve evelopme
of Kuwa
 law
w
h a vew
o
ak g a a
ve role 
he evelopme
of 
 ow
reoure w
h 

err
or.  uh
he expropra
o 
h ae

Page g)3 of g *

wa o
fou 
o be u lawful a 
he Vrbu al merel aware

ompe a
o
o m ol.

& 

+ 

$*! a
o ala
o  o
llegal per e bu

 llegal f
o e
o eape oblga
o  e
ere 
o b
he 
a
e a  f
here 
o promp
a  aequa
e ompe a
o ( lue + Y).
(g) Expropra
o ma be o e for a publ purpoe a  o
merel
for publ u
l

(2) Compe abl
 
he orm;
he proe or qua
um of
ompe a
o  o
. expropra
o 
herefore eeme lawful a
lo g a provo for ompe a
o ex
 al
hough 
ma be
u a
fa
or
o
he  ve
or ubje

o
he ubmo of a 
pu
e
o arb
ra
o 
(3) Vak g ma be o e  ueve 
age;
he fa

ha

he
e
re eo om bra h
o whh a e
erpre belo g wa o

expropra
e  o
eearl a bage of rm a
or 
e

(4) home 
a
e  o
bou  b oblga
o  o
ra
e b prva
e
e

e w
h 

err
ore. For a  uh oblga
o
o are a lear
u
 o
he par
of
he home 
a
e mu
be emboe 
he
o
ra


moo  a Sw ompa  a  a wholl ow e ubar of
S
a ar Ol a  mera ompa . moo e
ere 
o a jo

ve
ure w
h ?PC a Yra a ompa  o
rolle b
he Yra a
gover me

o form Khemo a Yra a ompa  jo
l ow e
a  ma age b moo a  ?PC. Vhe ve
ure ough

o proe
a  ell Yra a a
ural ga eah o
ra
 g par
 hav g 50%
hare 
he prof

o be reale. Y g980
he Khemo greeme

whh wa b 

erm val for 35 ear wa elare ull a  vo
b
he Yra a gover me
follow g
he g979 Yra a revolu
o a 

he mpleme
a
o of Yra a legla
o (
he S gle r
le 
of
g980)
ha
wa 
e e
o omple
e
he a
o ala
o of
he
Yra a ol  u
r. moo fle a u
for ompe a
o for
he

ak g of 
 
ere
  Khemo.
Vhe fr
o
r e of foreg  ve
me
law
ha
wa pro ou e 
moo 
ha

he grou  for expropra
o whh wa formerl
lm
e
o publ  + (a expree 
he  - ae) ha bee
expa e
o
he more ge eral
erm publ  Y. Y

herefore
o
eee for
he expropra
 g home 
a
e
o prove
ha

wa
e

o exere ow erhp over
he proper

ake for
he ue of
he
publ. Y
 e ough
ha

he
ak g be o e  purua e of ome
publ purpoe49.
Seo l
he ae re
era
e
he o
r e  LYCO
ha
a
ak g
a
fe 
er a
o al 
a ar of lawful e whe 
prove for a
meha m for
he pame
of ompe a
o . U er
he S gle
r
le 
 a peal ommo wll be o 

u
e
o e
erm e

he amou
of ompe a
o ue
o
he foreg  ve
or a 
agreeme
over
he qua
um of whh ma be ubm

e for
arb
ra
o . moo  o
aval of
h reme a  o 
a o
be
a
ha

he expropra
o wa u lawful Y Ybeaue 
 o

gra
ompe a
o  uh ma er a  w
h uh
me a
o
a
f
he  ve
or. Wha
woul make a a
of
ak g u lawful
u er 
er a
o al law woul be
he abe e of a  provo for
ompe a
o .

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*

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$c c  c%(! c& cc 3c


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Vhrl
he moo ae  alo  
ru
ve w
h regar
o
he ue of
rm a
or
ak g. Y
he 7 ae
he Vrbu al a
uall fou 

ha

here wa a rm a
or expropra
o beaue 
wa
u er
ake o l aga 
BP a  o
aga 
o
her mlar ve
ure of
o
her a
o al
e. Vhe Vrbu al 
he % ae  o
rule
ha

a expropra
o  Y Y u lawful beaue 
 re
e o l aga 

a par
ular e

 w
h a larger  u
r. Vhe Vrbu al 
h ae
reog e
ha

he a
of expropra
o whh 
he preroga
ve of

he home 
a
e ma be u er
ake  uh ma er a
o be
e
erm e b
he home 
a
e  purua e of 
 pole. Vhe o expropra
o of a e
re bra h of eo om a
v
  o
 
elf
rm a
o  abe
a  eve e of pa
e
ba fa
h or
rm a
or eg . Sa
he Vrbu al eao  pef
o
he
o -expropra
e e
erpre or
o
he expropra
e o e or
o bo
h
ma ju
f uh a ffere e of
rea
me
. Fur
hermore a
oberve b
he arb
ral
rbu al  %2!$ a ohere
pol of
a
o ala
o a reao abl be opera
e grauall  ueve

age.
La
l
he mpor
a
o
r e la ow 
h ae 
ha


abla
o laue mu
be lear  ema  g from
he home

a
e oblga
o  whh
he  ve
or 
a
e a e fore aga 

.
be
uh u equvoal 
pula
o 
he o
ra

he home 
a
e
a o
be eeme
o have bee a par

o
he o
ra
a  a o


herefore be hel lable u er 

erm. Y
h ae o lear
oblga
o wa mpoe b
he o eo o
ra
o
he Yra
gover me
. Vhere wa o how g
ha

he o
ra
o
a e a

abla
o laue
ha
woul have oblga
e
he Yra a
gover me

o  ula
e
he o
ra
from a  ha ge  ome

law
ha
woul affe

he o
ra

 opera
o .  uh
he Yra a
gover me
a o
be a
o have expropra
e moo
 proper

 breah of 
 oblga
o  beaue o oblga
o ex
 o 
 par
. Y
o luo 
he Vrbu al orere Yra
 ompe a
o of moo a a
eear legal o eque e of
he
ak g a  uh expropra
o
wa lafe a a lawful o e u er 
er a
o al law
hereb
ega
 g
he propre
 of a  awar of amage.
 + 
4;m     +Y Y YY  

Y  
 Y Y + <
;,+Y YY

Y 
 YY      Y
Y    Y Y 
 YY  Y<
;VY Y"
 
Y        Y
Y  
Y  
 YY YY +Y<
Phllp e
ere 
o a Jo
S
ru
ure greeme
w
h Yra a
Gover me

o explo
ol. Ymam Khome  park a revolu
o 
u
um of g978 a  
uee 
oppl g over
he pa
regme 
Februar g979. Vhe revolu
o ar gover me
ee
o w
hraw
all ol o
ra
 w
h foreg ompa e u er
he gue of
?a
o ala
o
-we
er e
me
. Vhe ompa 
he ue for
reover of ompe a
o form
he Yra a gover me
.
Vhe ++ ae  g fa

ha

re
era
e
he o
r e o
 re
expropra
o e
ablhe 
he 0  Y ae. Vh ae
however fur
her qualfe
he o ep
of  re
expropra
o b
pro ou  g
ha
(g) expropra
o ee o
be of o
ra
ual rgh

loel rela
e
o a phal proper
; 
 merel requre
ha

he

ak g amou

o a Y  
Y  
  (2) expropra
o
mu
be o e  
+ a  o
merel ephemeral (3)
he fou
mu
be o
he Y

Y  
 YY      Y
Y  a  o
o
he 
e
o of
he home 
a
e or
he ma er
 whh
he expropra
o  u er
ake
h heav fou o
he
effe
of expropra
or a
 o
he  ve
or more
ha
he

Page g)J of g *

gover me

ere
purue wll la
er be k ow a
he ole effe

o
r e  foreg  ve
me
law. Sa
he
rbu al Whle
aump
o of o
rol over proper
 b a gover me
oe o

au
oma
all a  mmea
el ju
f a o luo
ha

he proper

ha bee
ake b
he gover me

hu requr g ompe a
o
u er 
er a
o al law uh a o luo  warra
e whe ever
eve
 emo 
ra
e
ha

he ow er wa eprve of fu ame
al
rgh
 of ow erhp a  
appear
ha

h eprva
o  o
merel
ephemeral. Vhe 
e
of
he gover me
 le mpor
a

ha
he
effe
 of
he meaure o
he ow er a 
he form of
he meaure
of o
rol or 
erfere e  le mpor
a

ha
he real
 of
her
mpa
.
lo
he ++ae  g fa
whe 
ome
o e
erm  g
he
reko  g po
a
whh
he opera
ve a
of expropra
o 
eeme
o have
ake plae. Vh  ee
al 
he ompu
a
o of
ompe a
o  epeall w
h regar
o forgo e prof
 a 
amage. or g
o
he
rbu al where
he
ak g 
hrough a
ha of eve

he
ak g wll o
eearl be fou 
o have
ourre a

he
me of e
her
he fr
or
he la
uh eve
 bu

ra
her whe
he 
erfere e ha eprve
he Clama
of
fu ame
al rgh
 of ow erhp a  uh eprva
o  " o
merel
ephemeral" or whe 
beome a "rreverble eprva
o . Vhe
rreverbl
 po
 refer
o
ha
po
where
he exere of
ow erhp rgh
 of
he  ve
or ha alrea bee re ere
abolu
el mpoble b
he a
 of
he home 
a
e.
2*

/c""c '%" c
Vhe 
u of foreg  ve
me
law woul o
be
omple
e w
hou
elv g 
o o e of
he mo
progreve fel of

er a
o al ommere free
rae. Vhe u erl g ba for
he
weprea promo
o of lberal marke
paragm 
he

er a
o al eo om 
he propo
o
ha

rae a a rule 
alwa be efal a 
he more u hampere a  equal
he
rae 

he grea
er
he eo om be ef

o be reape a  ul
ma
el
he
grea
er
he level of evelopme

ha
all 
a
e a aheve.  g
from
he ahe of Worl War YY
he a
o  of
he worl ame
o
he
agreeme

ha
aelera
 g
he reover of eva
a
e 
a
e
woul e
al
he promo
o of a 
er a
o al meha m
ha

woul fal
a
e
he flow of 
er a
o al ap
al from
hoe who
have 

o
hoe who ee 
mo
. Vhe Bre

o Woo regme
e
ablhe from uh agreeme
beame
he preuror of moer a 
er a
o al free
rae aga w
h
he u erl g aump
o

ha

rae  ee
all be efal a 
ha

er a
o al
rae
woul be more fal
a
ve of evelopme
f 
were
o be
u er
ake u er a regme of progrevel erea g
arff a 

r
l e fore meha m
o afeguar aga 
u far
rae
pra
e. From
he Bre

o Woo agreeme
aroe uo
group
he member of whh agree
o o u

er a
o al
rae
u er mu
uall favourable
erm u g a mo
favore a
o 
framework. From
h uo group ame
he Ge eral
greeme
o Varff a  Vrae. Ul
ma
el
he Worl Vrae
Orga a
o wa bor  a
he ma fe
a
o of
he 
a
e
ere
o
o u
mul
la
eral
rae w
h a vew
o e
ablh g a eo om
orer where
arff are progrevel ereae a  u far
rae
pra
e are offe
b eo om e foreme
meaure.
Vhe Phlpp e  arguabl
he o l jur
o amo g all

he 
a
e g a
ore
o
he WVO
rea
 where
he legal
 of
he

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rea
 
elf ha bee pro ou e b
he hghe
our
of
he la .
Y
he ae of V%
 
he Supreme Cour
ha ha
oao
o elare
ha
(g)
he Flp o-Fr
pol purpor
el
e hr e 
he Co 

u
o  ju
a hor
a
or provo whh
a o
be legall e fore a a ma

er of rgh
w
hou
a 
uppor
 g legla
o (2)
he Phlpp e oe o
ahere
o a
ola
o 
eo om pol a    fa
aommoa
ve of

er a
o al
rae arra geme

ha
are a hore o
he pol of
equal
 a  repro
 (3)
he WVO greeeme
o 

u
e a

rea
 oblga
o whh
he Phlpp e  bou 
o perform u er

he pr ple of pa
a u
erva a; a uh  e
he pa
a u

erva a o
r e  par
of 
er a
o al law 
 b  g o
he
Phlpp e b vr
ue of
he Co 

u
o
 Y orpora
o Claue (4)

he 
er a
o al free
rae regme emboe 
he WVO
greeme
repree

he be
poble eo om op
o for
he
Phlpp e o er g
he preval g 
er a
o al eo om
o
ex
. Vh la
pro ou eme
of
he Cour
wa u alle for a


he ver lea
 
be g a 
a
eme
of pol whh
he Cour
ha o
ompe
e e
o make. Y e g
he ae
he wa 

herefore

he Supreme Cour
o
o l olfe
he argume

ha

he WVO
greeme
 a val
rea
 oblga
o  bu
alo mae
he u ol
e
pro ou eme
of
he
rae regme
 wom a  propre
.
Vhe mpleme
a
o of
he WVO greeme

he
ou
r however  o
w
hou
ue.  expe
e ma 
o
e
ou o
rovere have o fro
e
he ou
r prmarl 

he fel of pro
e
 g aga 
u far
rae meaure of o
her 
a
e.
We mu
remember
ha

he WVO e
ablhe o
o l a pol of
progreve lower g of
arff 
alo pu
 plae er
a meaure
of eo om e foreme

o e ure
ha

rae be
wee a
o  are
a equal a poble. Vhee eo om e foreme
meaure are
a
-ump g meaure ou
erval g meaure a  afeguar
meaure
(g) a
-ump g meaure
here  ump g whe
he
expor
pre of a ommo
  le
ha 
 ormal value 

he expor
 g 
a
e.
-ump g meaure eek
o
equale
rae  uh ma er a for
he ommo

o
a
uall refle

 value from
he 
a ar of
he
expor
 g 
a
e. Suh meaure mu
be u er
ake o l
af
er 
wa prove
ha
(g) a ump g ex
 (2)
here wa
a a
ual  jur
o a ome
  u
r (3)
here  a aual
l k be
wee
he ump g a 
he  jur. Y a
o 
he
meaure mu
be  
a
e b 25% of a  u
r affe
e.
(2) ou
erval g meaure a ub  a f a al
o
rbu
o b a gover me
where
here  e
her a
re
fu 
ra fer a reve ue whh o
herwe ue 
forgo e or whe a gover me
prove goo a 
erve. Y uh ae ou
erval g meaure ma be
emploe b
he mpor
 g 
a
e
o make
he prou

refle

 a
ual value
ak g 
o o era
o
he
ub
ha

 ma ufa
urer have reeve. Suh
meaure ma be u er
ake o l f 
wa prove
ha
(g)
a ump g ex
 (2)
here wa a a
ual  jur
o a
ome
  u
r (3)
here  a aual l k be
wee
he
ump g a 
he  jur.
(3) afeguar meaure afeguar meaure are
emploe whe
here  a how g of a rama
  reae

he mpor
 of a par
ular ommo
. Dump g or
u far ub ee o
be prove
o ju
f reor

o
hee
meaure 
be g e ough
ha
urge  mpor
  prove
alo ge a erou  jur or
hrea
of  jur
ha

he
former ha aue or wll aue a 
ha

he prou


Page g)
of g *

que
o  a lke prou
  abolu
e or rela
ve
erm

o
he prou
ome
all ma ufa
ure.
ow exa
l
he arb
ra
o pa el a 
he ppella
e Bo
of
he WVO (whh were e
ablhe
o rule o pu
e be
wee

a
e ar g from
he 
erpre
a
o of
he greeme

 provo )
eal
w
h ae a  pu
e ar g from
he aop
o of uh
eo om e foreme
meaure  alo a fer
le
op. ere
releva
eo  a 
he ee
al por
o  of
her rul g

erpre
a
ve of
he greeme

 provo  wll be o ere
g.c cc
c.c c 

he  jur prove
wa o
auall l ke
o
he ump g meaure bu
a
reul
of uh ex
ra eou fa
or a
he a F a al
Cr eb
erv g a   effe
a  u ompe

ve

eh olog.
2.c

c c
he Varff Commo of
he

Phlpp e   epe e
a  
 fa
ual f  g are
gve grea
wegh
b
he Cour
.

3.c %
$$c$cc5 +5.8
he
appla
o for remee mu
follow
he proe e
ou


he
rea
; 
h ae
he ae houl have bee brough

before
he GVV a  o

he WVO beaue
he meaure
were mpoe u er GVV.
4.c .
cc588Ec cc588Ec cc

c
cc588cFc
he US mu
mpoe

rae re
r
o 
ha
are  o ju 
o w
h re
r
o 
o ome
 prou
o or o ump
o a  mu
mpoe

hem aga 
o
o l mpor
e bu
loall harve
e
prou
.
Y
 alo releva

ha
o e of
he reog e val grou 
for
he mpo
o of
rae re
r
o  are
he o-alle
Sa 
ar a  Ph
oa 
ar S
a ar (SPS) whh allow a
mpor
 g 
a
e
o mpoe
rae meaure
o pro
e
huma 
a mal or pla
lfe or heal
h 
he
err
or of member 
a
e
e
her from (g) e
r  e
ablhme
 or prea of pe
 or
eae (2) rk ar g from a
ve o
am a

ox  or
eae-au g orga m (3) from a rk ar g from a eae
or pe
arre b a a mal or pla
 (4)
o preve
or lm

o
her amage 
he
err
or of member 
a
e ar g from

he 
rou
o  e
ablhme
or prea of pe
. Vhe
mpo
o of
hee meaure however are ubje

o
he
how g of uffe
e
f ba a 
he u er
ak g of rk
aeme
meaure.  halle ge
o
he val
 of SPS
meaure mu
be a hore o
he propo
o of a avalable
al
er a
ve
o
he meaure be g halle ge
ha
woul (g)
prove
he ame or a hgher pro
e
o
ha
ha
gve b
he
halle ge meaure a  (2) be le re
r
ve of
rae.
5.c
c> cc58+(88 rk aeme
 a
prerequ
e 
he mpo
o of SPS meaure
6.c
cc58+(88 qua

a
ve
rae prefere e
are vola
o  of
he mo
favore a
o provo of
he
WVO greeme
. Vhe ame
arff ue mu
be mpoe
o mlar prou
 regarle of
he org .


c cc  c9 c 


Page g)+ of g *