Only

Placed after a noun

Not only

Only
Placed after a noun
Used with negative
verbs

Anywhere?
Anything, anyone,
anywhere
To be used with
negatives only
Connecting noun
sentences
Showing contrast

Compound particles
Preposition+possession

According to it seems
that
Whether

As soon as you do

How much

Seems like
Does not seem like
Seems like(adverb)
Seems like(adjective)
Looks like~verb
Does not look like~verb

Beforehappens
Afterhappens

There is only one piece

of cake

I can only remember

hiragana

I am sixteen and a
student.

Looks like I can read

this

Looks like I cant read

this

I will buy when I am

going

I bought it when I was

is like.

...does something like...

Verb

Does nothing but~

Does nothing but~

Situation that tips

unfairly/too much to A

Just did

Just about to

The area around~

Particle replacing
Someone like
Something like
Being
humble/downgrading
value of something
Particle replacing
Showing basic
quantity/requirement.

going

I will buy when I get

there

I bought it when I was

there

Like just now, its good

to speak slowly.

Reads nothing but

comics

Does nothing but read

comics

Taro is always on leave

(I wish I can do the
same too)

There is nothing but

rock on top of the
mountain

Just about to do the

laundry

1.
2.
3.

1.
2.

Emphasizes
humbleness
On the contrary
At least
It seems
Characteristic of
Everything is
conjugated before

Noun modifiers

Senses
Physical activity
Noun modifiers
Speech
Thoughts

Contrast

State facts to justify or

explain
Indicate a range of
activities
Between this and that,
which is more?
This is more(than that)

Both this and that

I think probably
It may be

Have an experience of
Have ever
There is a tendency
of/to

I use the PC both at

work and at home.

Sometimes I eat out

There is a possibility of
breaking

Seems like
Does not seem like
(I) want
He/shewants
He/shewants to
To receive

To give

To give(to me or my
group)

Adv.

But
Used in casual speech
Decide to
It has been decided that
Rules and regulations
To turn into a state of

Theres no way that

It does not mean that

The thing called~ is~

If it is possible
Would it be good if
Advice

I have a feeling that

Receiver
Thing
Giver
Giver
Thing
Receiver
Giver
Thing
Receiver/me

I will turn down the

volume

Clean your room!

If it was the year end

exam theres no way it
would be easy.

Whenever you are sick

you would surely think
Health is something to
be grateful for

Supposed to be

Logical conclusion

While it is

Lists some examples

among others

Expressing desire or
decision to do something

The type/kind that is

A B C

A and B are similar in B

A B C

B is similar to A in C
I hear/smell/taste (not
visible)

A B

I see (visible)
A is not as ~ as B

My family is the type

that tends to be tall.

Decisions beyond your

control

Rules, promises, habits

Through ones help
Positive

Because of someone

A B

There is nothing more B

than A
Ones own decisions
Continuous state/result of
ones own decisions

Negative

The way of
doing
Must not do
Have yet to do

To go/come to do

It may be
After doing
Please do not
do
Is beginning to
Has been
Will be
Doin advance
While doing
also doing
Without doing
While doing
(neg.)
Change in ability
Change in habit
If
If not
So as to
In order to...

Make it a point
to
Has been...(with
an intention)
Do~

Please let me
do

Have yet to decide

Will not decide

Hand in your homework

Please go

Please let me go

Question word

Question word

No matter how
many/how
much/ how many
times
Have
completed~
If
Provisional
If X were to
Conditional
Afterwards
To denote the
contents of a
message,
instruction,
request for
someone else
Almost
To quote a
question as a
statement
The more A~ the
more B~

Used for respect

One degree
lower than
honorific
Can I receive
help from you
Can you help
me
Doing something

In a state of
Just about to
do
Thinking about
whether to do
Tends to

I am collapsing potted plants.

Potted plants are collapsed.


Neg.potential

Even if one tries

to do it cannot
be done
Have done
something for ~
duration (usually
long)
Duration has
passed
I shall not
Very strong,
only refer to
yourself

OL

Month, duration

Year, duration
No
Entering
Exiting

Before doing
After doing
Throughout the
period
Sometime in a
period

Good
Not good
Seems good
Doesnt seem

Period of four months

Period of four years

I was in Malaysia throughout

the holidays

I went to Malaysia sometime in

the holidays.

Conditional

good
is conjugated
as a noun
Supposed/Probabl
y would
Judgement
based on
objective
information
To receive
To receive
To give
Honorific
To be visible
To be audible
Independent of
your will
Unlikely
As much as
possible
Adverb
As much as one
likes
Adverb

Probably would like

Probably would not smoke

Receiver
Actor
Object

Actor
Receiver
Receiver
Object

Receiver
Actor
Object

Special conjugation
Plain
Past
Te-form
Conditional
Neg.Conditional
Provisional
Neg.Provisional
Potential
Passive
Causative
Passive causative

Volitional
Neg.Volitional
Alternative
Imperative
Neg.Imperative
Zu-negative