DEFINITION

Quotation Marks
are used to show the beginning and end of a quotation or a title of a short
work
are used to enclose words, phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraphs
Brackets [ ]
are used to enclose bits of information, facts, figures, corrections that are
meant to be set apart
Slash /
The slash (/) is also known as forward slash, stroke, oblique.
The slash, sometimes called the virgule, is commonly used in three
situations: to indicate an alternative between two words, to clarify and join
two words, or to indicate line separation when quoting poetry
GAME/QUESTIONS
I.
Quotation Marks
1 Quotation marks enclose the exact words of a person or speaker.
Note: Do not use quotation marks around a paraphrase or a summary of
the author's words.
US v. Ah Chong
Due to the heavy growth of vines along the front of the porch, the room was
very dark, and the defendant, fearing that the intruder was a robber or a thief,
leaped to his feet and called out, If you enter the room, I will kill you.
2 Place periods and commas inside quotation marks.
Lorna Pesca vs. Zosimo Pesca
The appellate court said: "The burden of proof to show the nullity of marriage
lies in the plaintiff and any doubt should be resolved in favor of the existence
and continuation of the marriage and against its dissolution and nullity."
3 Place question marks or exclamation points inside the quotation marks if they
punctuate the quotation only.
US v. Ah Chong
He sat up in bed and called out twice, Who is there?
II.

Brackets [ ]
1 Use brackets to clarify or add to an original quote. Put words that are being
added to an original quote within brackets.

Note: Always put the changes in brackets, not parentheses. This tells your
readers exactly how you have altered the original.

People vs. Genosa

The information charged appellant (Genosa) with parricide as follows:
Fracture, open, depressed, circular located at the occipital bone of the head,
resulting [in] laceration of the brain, spontaneous rupture of the blood vessels
on the posterior surface of the brain, laceration of the dura and meningeal
vessels producing severe intracranial hemorrhage.

Use brackets as parentheses within parentheses. The order is opening

parenthesis, opening bracket, closing bracket, closing parenthesis.

Chi Ming Tsoi vs. CA

To prevent collusion between the parties is the reason why, as stated by the
petitioner, the Civil Code provides that no judgement annulling a marriage
shall be promulgates upon a stipulation of facts or by confession of judgement
(Arts. 88 and 101 [par.2]) and the Rules of Court prohibit such annulment
without trial (Sec.1, Rule 19).

People vs. Coloma

The number of persons killed in homicide on the occasion of attempted robbery
is immaterial. (People vs. Coloma, 222 SCRA 255 [1993])

Use brackets surrounding sic and italicize it.

Note: The Latin term sic is used to indicate that something written is
intentionally left in the original form, which may be incorrect.

Apiag vs. Cantero

That complainant Maria Apiag has been living together with another man
during her public service as public school teacher and have begotten a child,
name [sic] Manuel Apiag and respondent promised [sic] the Honorable Court to
furnish a complete paper regarding this case in order to enlighten the
Honorable (Court) that, he who seek [sic] justice must seek justice with cleab
[sic] hand.

4 Use brackets when a word has been italicized or underlined within quoted
language that was not italicized or underlined in the original.
Note: "Italics mine" or "emphasis added" would be other acceptable
phrases.
People of the Philippines vs. Schneckenburger
The offended party cannot institute criminal prosecution without including
both the guilty parties, if they are both alive, nor, in any case, if he shall have
consented or pardoned the offenders. [Emphasis ours].

Use brackets in changing the capitalization of a word or if the quotation does

not include a capital letter.

People of the Philippines vs. Yatar

Art. 2199 states that, [e]xcept as provided by law or by stipulation, one is
entitled to an adequate compensation only for such pecuniary loss suffered by
him as he has duly proved.

6 Use brackets with ellipsis.

Cebu Portland Cement Company vs. Municipality of Naga, Cebu, et.al.
According to plaintiff-appellant: "On this score alone, the sale [...], was illegal
as it was not made on the time stated in the notice."
III.

Slash /
1 Use a forward slash to separate a numerator from a denominator in a
numerical fraction.
Note: Do not place a space before or after the slash in a fraction.
Apiag vs. Cantero

That both parties have agreed voluntarily, the Second Party will get ONE
FOURTH (1/4) of the retirement that the First will receive from the GSIS, and
the rest of it will be for the First Party.
2 Use a forward slash to separate the month, day, and year, in an informal
representation of a date.
Note: Do not place a space before or after the slash in a date.
People vs. Sultan G.R. No. 132470 04/27/2000
3 Use a forward slash with certain abbreviations.
People vs. Genosa
The information charged appellant (Genosa) with parricide as follows:
Blisters at both extremities, anterior chest, posterior chest, trunk w/ shedding
of the epidermis.
4 Use a forward slash to abbreviate the word per.
Note: Do not place a space before or after the slash in an abbreviation.
Vallacar Transit Inc. vs. Jocelyn Catubig
According to PO2 Elnas, the bus was running fast, at a speed of 100
kilometers/hour, when it collided with the motorcycle which was trying to
overtake a truck.
5 Use a forward slash to separate alternatives.
Note: Do not over-use the slash to indicate "or". It can suggest laziness on
the part of the writer.
Santos vs. CA
Wherefore, this Court declares the marriage between Grace J. Garcia and
Rederick A. Recio solemnized on January 12, 1994 at Cabanatuan City as
dissolved and both parties can now remarry under existing and applicable laws
to any and/or both parties.
People of the Philippines vs. Schneckenburger
No logical difference can indeed be perceived between prior and subsequent
consent, for in both instances as the offended party has chosen to compromise
with his/her dishonor, he/she becomes unworthy to come to court and invoke
its aid in the vindication of the wrong. For instance, a husband who believers
his wife another man for adultery, is as unworthy, if not more, as where, upon
acquiring knowledge of the adultery after its commission, he says or does
nothing.
OTHER USES of [] /

1. Quotation marks set off the titles of magazine articles, poems, reports, and
chapters within a book.
2. Place question marks or exclamation points outside the quotation marks if they
punctuate the entire sentence.
Example: What made her say, Its over?
3. Use brackets to show the pronunciation of a word.
4. Use brackets in changing a pronoun to make the material fit into the sentence.
Enclose that changed letter or word(s) within brackets.
Example: Espinoza charged her former employer with "falsification of [her]
coaching record."
5. Use forward slash to clarify and join two words. The slash serves to emphasize the
relationship between the two words it unites.
Example: The student/full-time mother attended the University of Houston.
Li vs. CA and Valenzuela
As a result of the trial court's decision, defendants filed an Omnibus Motion for
New Trial and for Reconsideration, citing testimony in Criminal Case O.C. No.
804367 (People vs. Richard Li), tending to show that the point of impact, as
depicted by the pieces of glass/debris from the parties' cars, appeared to be at the
center of the right lane of Aurora Blvd.
6. Use a forward slash to indicate line breaks in quotations of less than four lines of
poetry.
Example: In one of his most famous sonnets, Sonnet 116, Shakespeare reveals
his philosophy on lasting love: Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, /
But bears it out even to the edge of doom (11-12).