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 The chemical shift of the protons in these molecules highly

depends where these protons are located in respect to the


secondary magnetic field. (+ denotes shielded areas, while -
denotes deshielded areas)

 In the case of arenes, alkenes and carbonyl functions these

protons exhibit less shielding and are shifted downfield.


 In alkynes, the protons are located in the area of increased
shielding and therefore are less shifted than alkene protons.
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