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استاتيكا 1
استاتيكا 1
W
K
? ? ? ?
K
W
K
Statics
K
EStaticsF
EF
K
W
W
K J
EF J
KEF J
Truss System J
]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
W
W
K100W
KVectors
--
Vector
K
KW K
{
Coplanar VectorsE
F3
F1
F2
Colinear Vectors E
K
F2
F1
Concurrent Vectors E3
K
F3
F2
F1
--
{
K
F2
F1
F1 + F2
F1
F2
W
A+B=B+A
K
{
( ) BA
A.B = A.B.Cos()
Kvector scalar
--
K{
EFC, B,A
W
A = Acos(1) + ASin(1)
B = BCos(2) + BSin(2)
C = CCos(3) + CSin(3)
KC, B, A 321
y
Cy
Dy
By
Ay
O
B
A
Ax
Bx
Cx
Dx
yxD
W
--
WD
D =
D x2 + D y2
Tan ( ) =
Dy
= Tan
Dx
Dy
Dx)
KD
{
K
vector
KNkN
K
KEFEFW
FxWW
KF Fy
--
Fy
Fx
Fx = FCos ( )
Fy = FSin( )
WF
F =
F x + F y2
= Tan
Fy
Fx
W
F1 = 25 kN, F2 = 50 kN, F3 = 100 kN
W
KEFKy
--
50 kN
F2y
30
F3
100 kN
F2x
F2
25 kN
F1y F1
60
45
F1x
F3y
F3x
WR
--
R =
R x + R y2
= Tan
Ry
Rx
)
W
kN
Graphical Method {
W
F2 = 30 kN F1= 20 kN
K
F1 = 20 kN
F2 = 30 kN
10 kN
--
20 kNO
RK30 kN
K
RK
F1 = 20 kN
O
F1 = 20 kN
OF1 = 20 kN
F1 = 20 kN
F1 = 20 kN
K
Particle{
KK
--
{
EF
KEF
xx
yy
z z
W
F =
y
Fy
z
Fz
Fx
B
z
--
K K
kN
kN
110
E F
kN
0 kN
kN
20 kN
EF
E F
K K
KK
kN
kN
kN
K K
KK
kN
kN
kN
--
KA
KEF
KEF
40 kN
0 kN
0 kN
--
]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
W
W
K100W
W
K
- -
{
KO EF O
W
EFxEFZ
Moment = Force x Perpendicular Distance
M=Fxd
W
kN.mN.mO F M
KmOF d
- -
W
KOF= 400 N
:
F = 400 N
2m
WO
K
W
KF= 250 kNO
10 m
250 kN
WO
- -
W
KO
500 kN
W
d O
WKO
Mo = 500 x 0 = 0 kN.m
{
K
W
KA
50 kN
100 kN
100 kN
50 kN 1m
1m
3m
3m
- -
50 kN
2m
2m
W
A
K KA
H200 J 300
H300 J 50
= H150 kN.m
50 kN
AA
KA
W
KOF = 100 kN
100 kN
10 m
O
40 m
- -
30
10 m
kN
40 m
W
F = 100 kN
KO
WEFF
Fx = Fcos(30) = 100xcos(30) = 87 kN W
ZO
H87 x 10 = H870 kN.m
WO
- 50x40 = -2000 kN.m
K
WOF
Mo = -2000 +870 = -1130 kN.m
- -
KEFAF = 1000 N
3m
3m
Fx = 1000Cos(50)
50
500
Fy = 1000Sin(50)
10 m
10 m
EF
E F
W
EF Fy FxF
KA
WA
- -
Couple{
Mo
K
A
WK h/2
M1 = Fxh/2
M2 = Fxh/2
Z
- -
M = Fd
dF
K
F
O
KhEFO
WO
Mo = Fx(d + h) Fxh
= Fxd + Fxh Fxh = Fxd
- -
50 kN
50 kN
10 m
W
C = J 50 x 10 = -500 kN.m
K
K500 kN
500 kN.m
- -
K
FBAF
BF F
EEF
KEFAF
BFAF
WEF
C = -Fxd
KEF
-F
d
A
EF
d
A
EF
B
d
A C =F.d
EF
W
ABF = 20 kN
KEF
1`
- -
20 kN
20 kN
d
A
EF
450
20 kN
0 m
0 m
0 m
450
20 kN
EF
C = 282.8
kN m
450
20 kN
EF
W
A F
BKEF20 kN
A
WC
C = +20xd kN.m
Wd
0
d = 20xSin(45 ) = 20x0.707 = 14.14 m
W
C = +20x14.14 = +282.8 kN.m
K
ABF
EF+282.8 kN.mA
KEFEF
- -
F = 50 kNO
kN
30
O
5m
KAFE
F = 100
kN
O F
K
- -
50
kN
20
kN
5m
5m
15 m
KA
20 kN
B
10 kN
25 kN
KB
100
200
kN
kN
B
20 m
- -
]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
W
free EF
Kbody digram
W
W
K100W
- -
{
K
E F
K
K
Roller Support {
(Ax = 0F
EAFA
x
A
Ay
Ay
Ay
Hinge Support {
KEFA
KEF
- -
Ax
Ay
EF
E F
W
KEF3
KEFA
MA
Ax
A
Ay
()
()
Equilibrium Conditions{
- -
{
4
F2y
F1
F2
F2x
F4
F
R1
R2
yx
W
WxE
=0
F4 F2x F3 =0
WyE2
Fy = 0
R1 + R2 F1 F2y = 0
E
FE3
M = 0
K??
- -
W{
Colinear Forces E
F2F1K
KF1
=0
F2 -F1= 0
F1 = F2
F2
F1
Concurrent Forces E
K
OW
Kyx
- -
F2
F3
F1
Parallel Forces E
WK
=0
M = 0
K Fy =0
- -
Opposite Couples E
+M
-M
Free-Body Diagram{
Free-Body Diagram
KEF
W
KEFAB
W
AB
hinge AK
BAyAxsupport
FByroller support
KEFABE
- -
BA
W
= 0 WE
Ax = 0
WAE
MA = 0
+100x2 +100x4 Byx6 = 0
+200 +400 6By = 0
+6By = 600
By = + 600/6 = + 100 kN
+100 kN BBy
Kyx
AEFA
KAy
WE
Fy =0
Ay + By -100 -100 =0
Ay = 200 -By
WAyEFBy = +100 kN
Ay = 200 100 = +100 kN
100 kN
100 kN
A
2m
2m
EF
- -
B
2m
100 kN
100 kN
y
Ax
A
Ay
By
WEF
W
AEF
KB
100
100 kN
450
B
A
2m
2m
2m
WEF
W
AB
AK
BAyAxhinge support
Byroller support
ABEF
- -
KEF
W
+70.7 kN = +100Cos(45) W
+70.7 kN = +100Sin(45) W
Ax +70.7 = 0
= 0 WxEF
Ax = - 70.7 kN
Kx
M A = 0 WAE
KAA
F =0WE
y
Ay + By -100 -70.7 = 0
Ay + By = +170.7
Ay = +170.7 By = +170.7 80.47 = +90.23 kN
Ay = +90.23 kNWAAy
- -
100
100 kN
50cos(45)
Ax
450
B
A
Ay
2m
2m
2m
50sin(45)
By
WEF
W
50 EF
KCkN
10 m
2m
A
C
1000
5m
WEF
W
EFEF
WE
= 0 Wx
Bx Ax =0
- -
Wy
F =0
Ay 50 -1000 = 0
Ay = + 1050 kN
EF M A = 0 WA
+1000x10 + 50x2 Bxx5 = 0
+10000 +100 -5Bx = 0
+10100 = 5Bx
Bx = +10100/5 = +2020 kN
WAxBx
Bx Ax = 0
Ax = Bx = +2020 kN
AxAx
KxAx
10 m
2m
Ax
Ay
5m
Bx
50 kN
1000
: EF
- -
EFEF
500 kN
5m
5m
500 kN
B
3m
C
B
3m
3m
EF
3m
EF
EF
K
100 N
10 N
B
6m
6m
EF
6m
- -
10 N
240 N
100 N
A
B
m
EF
240 N
M = +100 kN.m
A
EF
300 kN
250 kN
600
A
B
m
5m
EF
B
m
- -
K
E
800 kN
3m
3m
500 kN
B
2m
1m
- -
]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
W
W
K100W
- -
{
EF
KEF
{
KEF
W
EFSimple Beam
KEF
EFContinuous Beam
EFCantiliver Beam
KEF
K
EFOverhanging Beam
KEF
EFBuilt-in Beam
EF
K
- -
Compound Beam
EFEF
hinge
roller
Simple BeamWEF
Continuous Beam
WEF
Cantiliver BeamWEF
- -
WEF
Built-in Beam
WEF
End-supported cantiliver Beam
WEF
Compound Beam composed of cantiliver and simple beam connected by internal hinge
WEF
Compound Beam composed of cantiliver and simple beam connected by internal roller
- -
{
W E
EF
K
W E
KEF
W E
KEF
W E
KEF
W E
KEF
KEFW
- -
F kN
y
WEF
w kN/m
WEF
w2 kN/m
w1 kN/m
WEF
w (kN/m)
WEF
- -
M (kN.m)
WEF
{
Kxy
Kyx
K
{
E
F =0
Fy =0
M = 0
K
BA
- -
W E
EF
OF Kx
EEFA x
KEFOB AOF
WVx
Ax Vx
OVx K
KEF
KEF
WMx
C CMx
KOOB AO
W E
K
- -
y
P
x
WEF
P
Vx
Mx
Mx
A
RA
Vx
EF
+V
RB
+M
WEF
- -
W
KEFC
10 kN
5m
5m
3m
WEF4
10 kN
5m
5m
RB = 5 kN
RA = 5 kN
10 kN
MC
MC
5m
3m
VC
VC
RB = 5 kN
RA = 5 kN
WEF4
- -
W
C E
WAC
F =0
RA Vc =0
Vc = RA = + 5 kN
WACCCE
M = 0
RA.3 Mc = 0
Mc = 5x3 = + 15 kN.m
{
E F
W
KEFEF
KRA = RB = +5kN W
10 kN
5m
A
x
5m
RB = 5 kN
RA = 5 kN
W
- -
AxCAa-a
K
K
W
F =0
y
5V=0
V = 5 kN
K+5kNx
= 0 Wa-a
5.x M = 0
M = 5x
Kx
WEmxFx
EmFx
25
20
15
10
M
kN.m
x
M
V
5 kN
a-aW
- -
AxBCb-b
K7
b- K
KExFWb
F =0
y
5 10 -V = 0
V = -5 kN
K-5 kNx
=0
Wb-b
5.x .(x 5) -M = 0
M = 5x -10.x +50 = 50 5.x = 5(10 x)
10 kN
5m
M
x
5 kN
b-bW7
Kx
WE10 mxFx
- -
EmFx
M
kN.m
x
10 kN
5m
5 kN
5m
5 kN
+5 kN
Shear Force
V
- 5 kN
Bending
Moment
M
+25 kN.m
W
- -
W
K
W
E
W
P = 5x10 = 50 kN
WEF
RA = RB = 50/2 = +25 kN
a-a E
9Axa-a
KK10
x a-ax
P = 5.x
WEF
KAx/2
F =0
y
25 5.x - V = 0
V = 25 5x
xFx
- -
KE 10 m
a
= 0 Wa-a
25 . x 5 x .
x
M = 0
2
x2
M = 0
2
5
M = 25 x x 2
2
25 x 5
Kx
ExFx
10 9
-25
0
EmFx
-5
15
25
-20
-15
-10
10
20
22.5
40
kN
kN.m
K x=5 m
K
F
KE
- -
5 kN/m
B
10 m
a
x
25 kN
25 kN
W9
5 kN/m
M
x
25 kN
5.x kN
x/2
x
M
V
25 kN
a-aW10
- -
5 kN/m
A
5m
B
5m
25 kN
25 kN
+25 kN
- 25 kN
++
- -
K
K
K
Dr. BeamPro
K
Dr. BeamPro :
- -
W{
10 kN/m
A
3m
20 kN
3m
5m
3m
15 kN
10 kN
6m
5 kN
6m
12 m
10 kN/m
A
3m
5m
B
3m
10 kN/m
A
5m
5m
- -
kN
0 kN/m
A
5m
5m
20 kN
20 kN
10 kN/m
2m
A
2m
2m
2m
5m
20 kN
10 kN/m
A
5m
3 m
5 kN/m
10 m
10 kN
5 kN
C
A
2m
2m
D
2m
- -
2m
]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
W
W
EF
K100W
K
- -
{
E F
jointK
K
K
K
- -
PRATT
ENGLISH HOWE
W
- -
PRATT
WARREN
WEF
PRATT
BAILEY
W
- -
WARREN
WEF
Determinacy{
EF
Kjoints
W
HEFZ
EFbW
r
jointsEFJ
b + r Z
F =0 F =0W
y
Kb + rZ2JZ
K
- -
unstableEF
b + r 2J
b + r = 2J
statically determinate
EF
statically indeterminate
b + r 2J
KEF b + r 2J W
EFKrigid frameEF
nonrigid frameEF
EFB
FEF
KDBCAE
EF
E F
W
- -
W
K
W
b J
W3 r
b + r = 9 + 3 = 12
2J = 2x6 = 12
b + r = 2JW
KstableEF
W
K
W
J = 5 EF
b = 6
r = 3
b+r=6+3=9
2J = 2x5 = 10
- -
b + r 2J W
KunstableEF
J {
Section MethodJoints MethodW
EF
K
Joints Method
EFE
E
FK
KE
KEF
- -
W
E F
Kjoints method
3 kN
E
F
15 m
C
A
20 m
RA
20 m
9 kN
20 m
12
kN
RB
W
K
M D = 0 WDE
F =0W
y
RA + RB 9 3 -12 = 0
RA + RB = +24
RB = 24 - RA = 24 12 = 12 kN
- -
WE
EFA E
AE
K
FAE
A
FAB
RA = 12 kN
FAEyFAExFAE
FAEy = 3/5 FAE
WA
RA + FAEy = 0
12 + (3/5)xFAE = 0
FAE = - (5/3)x12 = - 20 kN
F =0
y
AE
WA
FAB + FAEx = 0
FAB + (4/5)xFAE =0
FAB = - (4/5)xFAE = -(4/5)x (-20) = +16 kN
- -
Fx=0
AB
K
BE
FBE
FBC
FBA = 16 kN
kN
FBC 16 = 0
FBC = + 16 kN
Fx = 0
Tension
FBE J 9 = 0
FBE = + 9 kN Tension
F =0
y
EE
3 kN
FEF
20 kN
9 kN
FEC
F =0
y
- -
-9 -3 (3/5)xFEC + (3/5)x20 = 0
(3/5)xFEC = 12 -12 = 0 kN
FEC = 0
Fx=0
FEF
CE
FCF
FCE = 0
FBC
FCD
FCD
12 kN
FCD - FBC = 0
= FBC = + 16 kN Tension
FCF - 12 = 0
FCF = +12 Tension
Fx=0
F =0
y
FE
FEF
12 kN
- -
FFD
FFD
Fx=0
KH
3 kN
E
12
kN
0 kN
B
+ 16 kN
+ 16 kN
9 kN
F
+ 12 kN
- 16 kN
+ 9 kN
- 20 kN
W
J
- 20 kN
C
+ 16 kN
12
kN
12
kN
Section Method
K
K
K
W
- -
W
CEEF BCE F
Ksection method
W
CEEFBCa-aK
3 kN
RA
B
9 kN
12
kN
RB
a-a
KCEEFBC
KEF
- -
3 kN
FEF
FEF
15 m
FEC
FEC
A
FBC
20 m
FBC
12
kN
9 kN
12
kN
12
kN
12
Ca-a
WFEF
WC E
MC =0
-FEF x 15 -12x20 =0
FEF = -240/15 = - 16 kN Compression
Ea-a E
ME =0
W FBC
+12x20 FBCx15 = 0
FBC = +240/15 = + 16 kN Tension
a-a E
Fy=0
W FEC
12 - 9 -3 - (3/5) FEC = 0
12 - 12 - (3/5) FEC= 0
FEC= 0
EC
K
- -
{
E
Kjoints
5m
D
E
5m
5m
5m
10 kN
13
KE
A
14
E
Kjoints
- -
20 kN
5m
10 m
10 m
20 kN
Kjoints
E
10 m
10 m
10 m
D
C
10 m
10 Kn
20 Kn
Kjoints
- -
15 kN
25 kN
45
45
45
5m
5m
45
10 kN
KjointsE
150 Kn
2m
4m
150 Kn
C
120 Kn
4m
8m
section method
- -
40 m
A
30 Kn
40 Kn 40 Kn
CH, CI, BJ E
Ksection method
10 kN
10 kN
10 kN
I
10 m
10 kN
H
10 kN
G
A
5@5 = 25 m
20
- -
6x30 = 180 m
K AD DBE
A
6m
50 kN
5m
50 kN
C
E
5m
G
2
K
5 kN
20 kN
5 kN
C
1.6 m
3m
3m
12 kN
- -
]<gj]<]<j<^]<]
C,B,A
W
W
K100W
W
K
- -
C,B,A
{
K
FK
FK
F F
N/mm2 N/m2
F
=
A
W
kg, kN , N EFWF
m2 , cm2, mm2WA
a
F
a
Section a-aW
- -
C,B,A
W
P = 30 kN
K3cmx2cm
W
WA
A = 3x 2 = 6 cm2= 6x10 m2
-4
W30 kN
=
P 30 x10
=
= 5 x10 7 N
= 50 N
4
m2
mm2
A 6 x10
{
FL0
FL EF
WE
L
L0
m , cm, mmL
mm, cm, m L0
KEF
- -
C,B,A
F
L
L0
30 L0
K
70 kN F10 cm cm
KK0.02 cm
70 kN
10 cm
70 kN
30 cm
A=
D2 =
AE
(0.1) 2 = 7.85 x103 m 2
4
4
70 x103
F
= =
= 8.92 x106 N 2 = 8.92 MN 2
3
m
m
A 7.85 x10
- -
C,B,A
70 x103
F
= =
= 8.92 x106 N 2 = 8.92 MN 2
3
m
m
A 7.85 x10
L
0 . 02 x 10 2
=
= 0 . 67 x 10
=
L0
30 x 10 2
{
K
high-strength
Ksteel
200 N/mm2
Hooke
EElastic
KE
(/mm2)
300
200
250
150
100
50
Stress
350
0 .0 5
S tra in
0 .1
W4
- -
C,B,A
E=
WE
= E.
kN/m2 , N/mm2 W
E F
K
KE
W
WF
WA
WL0
: F : L
E=
A = F .L 0
E =
=
L
L.A
L0
- -
C,B,A
L0AEF
W
L =
F .L0
E. A
- -
C,B,A
W
EGpaFE
EF
Fy yield load2 cm
KFb = 70 kN
Fmax
Load ()
150
80
Fy
70
Fb
Elongation
W
- -
C,B,A
W
E
E
E
K1 cm
A0 =
A0
y =
Fy
A0
80 x103
= 254 x10 6 N
m2
0.314 x10 3
WE
max =
Fmax
150 x103
=
= 477 x10 6 N
m2
0.314 x10 3
A0
A=
(0.01) 2 = 0.0785 x10 3 m 2
b =
Fb
70 x103
=
= 892 x10 6 N
m2
A 0.0785 x10 3
- -
C,B,A
E
F
shear stress
W
V
A
W
WEF
=
L
m, cm, mmWL
m, cm, mm L
K
K
W
= G
- -
C,B,A
W
kN/m2, N/mm2 G
K G 2
W E EFG
E
G
=
2(1 + )
Poissons ratio
??
W2
EGpaFG
8075
30J 26
41J 36
10 kN
10 kN
10 kN
W
- -
10 kN
C,B,A
{
8
W
M
y
I
moment of inertia
WI
Kneutal axisWy
- -
C,B,A
KEFA
W
bh3
Ix =
12
hb3
Iy =
12
x
b
y
Ix = Iy =
R
4
D
64
- -
C,B,A
W
K
10 kN
cm
cm
RA = RB = +kNZ
M = 5 x5 = 25kN .m
b.h3 5 x103
I=
=
= 0.42 x103 cm 4
12
12
W
10
y = h = = 5cm
2 2
- -
C,B,A
25 x10 3 x10
N
N
M
=
x
5
2976
29
.
76
y=
=
=
I
0 .42 x10 3
cm 2
mm 2
{
F = 20 kN 2.5 cm
KE = 70 GN/m2
6 cm 40 cm
1 MN/m2
K
E = 200 GN/m2.
6 cm
P
40 cm
6 mm19 mm
K116 kN
- -
C,B,A
P = 116 kN
19 m m
6 mm
ABC
BC50 mmABP
40 MpaABK38 mm
.BC
13.3 12 mm1m
kN
K0.5 mm
12 mm
13.3 kN
1m
- -
13.3 kN
C,B,A
K
(b = 140 mm, h = 240 mmF
K
q kN/m
240 mm
3.5 m
140 mm
q = 60 kN/m 2 m
K(b = 50 mm, h = 150 mmF
K E
c = 500 mmBE
Kd = 25 mm
q kN/m
150 mm
d
50 mm
L=2m
- -
C,B,A
K= 16 kN
E
K E
E
5.5 kN/m3
P
B
250 mm
100 mm
2.5 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
- -
C,B,A
J
Area Moments of Inertia
- -
C,B,A
J B
Areas and Volume
- -
C,B,A
1. Right Angles
a
= cos B
c
b
cos A = = sin B
c
a
tan A = = cot B
b
c
sec A = = cosec B
b
c
cosec A = = sec B
a
b
cot A = = tan B
a
sin A =
2. Derived Relationships
a
a
b
b
=
=
=
=
sin A cos B sin B cos A
- -
a 2 + b2
C,B,A
3. Oblique Triangles
a- Sine Law
a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C
b- Cosine Law
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 - 2 bc cos A
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 - 2 ac cos B
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 - 2 ab cos C
4. General Trigonometric Formulas
sin A = 2 sin
1
2
A cos A =
2
sin 2A
sin A
=
=
cos A 1 + cos 2A
sec 2 A - 1
C,B,A
tan (A B) =
tan A tan B
1 tan A . tan B
1
tan 2A =
2 tan A
1 tan 2 A
c- Half-Angle Identities
sin
A
=
2
1 - cos A
2
cos
A
=
2
1 + cos A
2
tan
A
sin A
=
2
1 + cos A
- -
KWKK
K
KEJ J F
KEJ J F
Chapman & Hall, New York, 1986.. Jafar Vossoughi, Statics for Architects,
- -
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Vector {
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Graphical {
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Varignons Theorem ??{
Couple{
K
{
... KKKKW
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Hinge Support {
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