CNC Program Build-up

In a CNC program, the machining steps (operations) for producing a part on

the machine tool are laid down in a form that the control system can
understand. A program is composed of several blocks. A block is a collection
of CNC words. A CNC word is a collection of address letter and a sequence of
numbers. Table.1 shows the address letters according to DIN 66025.

Character
A
B
C
D&E

Meaning
Rotation about, X-axis
Rotation about, Y-axis
Rotation about, Z axis
Rotation about additional axes

F
G
H

Feed
Preparatory function, identifying the action to be executed
Unassigned

I
J

Interpolation Parameter / Thread pitch parallel to X-axis

Interpolation Parameter / Thread pitch parallel to Y-axis

Interpolation Parameter / Thread pitch parallel to Z-axis

L
M
N
O

Unassigned
Machine function / Auxiliary function
Block number
Program Number

P,Q,R
S
T
U,V,W
X
Y
Z

Parameters are used in cycles

Spindle speed
Tool Function
Second movement parallel to X, Y, Z axes respectively
Movement in X-axis
Movement in Y-axis
Movement in Z
Table.1 Address Characters As Per DIN 66025

All the CNC words may not be used on every CNC machine. Using these
words, as an example, the composition of a block is assembled as follows
N

In the programming language of a CNC control system, the manufacturer specifies

What instructions can be programmed
What supplementary functions are possible in conjunction with the individual instruction
What letters and number sequences the instructions and supplementary functions are formed
When a CNC program is input, the control system checks whether the formal
rules of the programming language has been kept to an instruction. However
input of wrong coordinate values by the programmer can only be found
during the program run.