// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//
//

Citation Styles/Schools/Manuals
Concentrating on the APA Style
2012

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

Citation
/
/



.
intellectual honesty

Acknowledgements .


"" Styles
"" Schools "" Manuals
// " "
.
// citation style/school/manual
Guidelines Guidance Instructions
Examples

. //


.

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

)1( Hensel

.

.
.
...

.

(.)2

!

.


.
/


.
3

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:
In-Text Citation

family name/surname
The parenthetical style
.author-date style
.References List

The documentary-note
.style
:
/ / .
.
/ /
/
Personal communication (lectures notes, interviews, memos, e-
) mails / (
).

) International Standards Organization (ISO
ISO 690

( )3

ISO 690:1987 ISO 690-2:1997

Bibliographic Referencing
:

4

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

ISBN ISSN .
.
ISO :


( CD-ROM Web )



/






.
URL

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

... //
// :

.
//

.
//
.
//
.
//

.
" " " " " "
//
/
//
.
//
//
//
) American Chemical Society )ACS
The Blue
Book Vancouver System
//
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
6

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

) (IEEE .
// ""
// American Physiological
) Association (APA

// ) Modern Language Association (MLA
.

//

" " Publication Manual "" Style "" .School
/ /
.
//

.

//

.

/ (/ )
.

" "

)(APA

American Psychological

Association ( ) 2009 :
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).
7

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:
http://www.apastyle.org
// ( )

.

:
( ) -

:
Audio materials Visual materials Audiovisuals Microfish & Microfilms Magnetic Taps CDs8

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

DVDs )Electronic Books (e-books / )Electronic Journals (e-journals :-

Evaluating Information Sources

( )
/
Long Island University
(:)4
:

?Does the author have expertise to write on this topic
:
. . . . :
Whos Who .

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

?Is the information in this source up-to-date


. :
.
.
.

?Does the publisher affect the information in the source

.
.
:
.
-

?What do reviewers say about the Source

10

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

.
:
. .

?Is the Source Appropriate for your Research
.
. :
. . . .
.

/
A Checklist for evaluating online information
?Is it credible

11

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

link

-

?Is it accurate

-

?Is it timely
- links

?Is it objective
.Factual information -

?Does the site provide details that support the data
12

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

// /
.
Cover page //
// /:

13

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

// :
//

:
:

)American Sociological Association Style Guide (ASA

-/:

-:

-:

- :

- :

2007

-:

:
-:

124
6.7 x 4.4 x 0.4 inches

14

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html

-/:

-:

-:

University of Chicago Press

2010

-:

- :

1026

-:

9.2 x 6.2 x 2.2 inches

15

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors

http://www.amamanualofstyle.com/oso/public/index.html

-/:

JAMA & Archives Journals

-:

-:

Oxford University Press

)American Medical Association (AMA

Oxford University Press, USA

2009

-:

- :

1032

-:

10.1 x 7.3 x 2.1 inches

16

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing

http://www.mla.org

)Modern Language Association (MLA

-/:

-:

-:

Modern Languages Association

NY, USA

2008

-:

- :

336

-:

9.4 x 6.2 x 1.2 inches

17

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

MHRA Style Guide. A Handbook for Authors, Eds, & Writers of Theses

http://www.mhra.org.uk/Publications/Books/StyleGuide/download.shtml

Modern Humanities Research Association

-/:

Price, Glanville & Richardson, Brian

-:

-:

Modern Humanities Research Assn

UK

2008

-:

- :

104

-:

8.3 x 5.3 x 0.5 inches

18

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific

)Information (An American Chemical Society Publication

http://www.oup.com/us/samplechapters/0841234620/?view=usa

-/:

Coghill, A. and Garson, L.

-:

-:

An American Chemical Society Publication

- :

NY, USA

- :

2006

-:

- :

448

-:

9.2 x 6.3 x 1 inches

19

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

The Manual of Scientific Style: A Guide for Authors, Editors,

and Researchers

:
-/:

Rabinowitz, Harold & Vogel, Suzanne

-:

-:

Academic Press

USA

2008

-:

- :

984

-:

9.1 x 6.1 x 2.1 inches

20

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

Manual of Style and Usage: The Official Style Guide Used by

Writers and Eds. of the Worlds Most Authoritative Newspaper

New York times

-/:

Siegal, Allan & Connolly, William

-:

-:

Three Rivers Press

NY, USA

2002

-:

- :

384

-:

9.1 x 6.1 x 1.1 inches

21

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

The Typographic Style

http://webtypography.net

:
-/:

Bringhurst, Robert

-:

-:

Hartley and Marks Publishers

USA

2004

-:

- :

352

-:

9.1 x 5.4 x 0.8 inches

22

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

The Elements of Style: The Original Edition

http://www.crockford.com/wrrrld/style.html

:
-/:

Strunk, William

-:

-:

Walking Lion Press

USA

2009

-:

- :

56

-:

8.4 x 5.4 x 0.4 inches

23

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors,

Editors, and Publishers

http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/DocCBE.html

:
-/:

Huth, Edward

-:

-:

Cambridge University Press

UK

1994

-:

- :

841

-:

9.3 x 6.3 x 1.7 inches

24

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law

)(AP Stylebook

http://www.apstylebook.com

Associated Press

-/:

Associated Press

-:

-:

Basic Books

USA

2009

-:

- :

416

-:

8.9 x 6 x 0.9 inches

25

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

New Harts Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers & Eds.

http://www.mantex.co.uk/2009/07/29/new-harts-rules

Oxford University Press

-/:

Ritter, R.

-:

-:

Oxford University Press

, UKOxford University Press

2005

-:

- :

432

-:

6.8 x 4.7 x 1.3

26

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:

ALWD Citation Manual: A Professional System of Citation

http://www.alwd.org/publications/citation_manual.html

Association of Legal Writing Directors

-/:

Association of Legal Writing Directors & Dickerson, Darby

-:

-:

Aspen Publishers

USA

2006

-:

- :

608

-:

8.8 x 6.6 x 1.2 inches

27

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

// ( )

:
:

A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations

http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/turabian_citationguide.html

University of Chicago

-/:

Turabin, Kate

-:

-:

University of Chicago Press

USA

2007

-:

- :

436

-:

8.9 x 5.9 x 1.2 inches

28

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:
:

The Columbia Guide to Online Style

:
-/:

Walker, Janice & Taylor, Todd

-:

-:

Columbia University Press

USA

1998

-:

- :

224

-:

8.4 x 5.4 x 0.4 inches

29

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

// :

:
:

The Bluebook, Uniform System of Citation

http://www.legalbluebook.com

:
-/:

Columbia Law Review; Harvard Law Review; Uni. Of

Pennsylvania Law Review

-:

-:

The Harvard law Review

USA

2008

-:

- :

415

-:

8.4 x 5.8 x 1.1 inches

30

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:
:
:

)The Manual of Scientific Style (MSS

:
-:

))Rabinowitz, Harold & Vogel, Suzanne (Editors

-:

-:

Academic Press

USA

2008

-:

- :

984

-:

9.1 x 6.1 x2.1 inches

31

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

: MLA, APA, Chicago, the Sciences

:

Cite Right: A Quick Guide to Citation Styles MLA, APA, Chicago,

the Sciences, Professions, and more.

http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo3750550.html

:
-/:

Lipson, Charles

-:

-:

University of Chicago Press

USA

2006

-:

- :

208

-:

9 x 6.1 x 0.6 inches

32

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

//

:

:

Publication Manual of American Psychological Association

http://www.apastyle.org

American Psychological Association

-/:

American Psychological Association

-:

-:

American Psychological Association

Washigton, DC

2009

-:

- :

272

-:

9.9 x 6.9 x 0.5 inches

33

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

// APA
:
) )5( American Psychological Association (APA

. )(www.apa.org
1892 Clark University
. G. Stanley
.Hall
.

. American
) Psychiatric Association (APA APA
" " .
1929

.

Social and
Behavioural Sciences .
.
Medina

( )6

APA

. // APA
:
.
34

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

.
.consistent format
plagiarism .
( )
// )7( APA 2009:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).

General Guidelines

APA
Punctuation Marks

( Comma semicolon )colon (
period )question mark ( dash
parentheses .)brackets
/
(/)


.
:
/
.


.
35

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/ .
/ /

/ .


.


.

.

Punctuation Marks
//
:APA

:Spacing After Punctuation Marks

:
commas semicolons .colons periods . initials )Ahmed A. H. Omar( :
(.)e.g., a.m., i.e., U.S

36

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( :Period ) .
.
:
).Initial of names (J. R. Smith (.)U.S. Navy ( ) (.)E.A.M
(.)a.m., cf., i.e., vs. (.)Vol. 9, 4nd, p. 7, F. Supp. :
( )NY; OH; Washington, DC .
capital letter abbreviations .)APA, DNA, IQ) acronyms
(.)ip, m, iv, sc, icv / . ( )
( ).
()http://www.apa.prg
( )cd, cm, kg, lb, ml ( )in. inch

"" "."in

37

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( :Comma )
:
( " "and " )"or (.)the height, width, or depth
()
( :
).
. (.)April 19, 2009 (.)2012 ).)1,000 :
( )5 min 30 s).(9 years 7 months ( : ).

( ) :Semicolon
:
(
).
: .
- : .

38

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( ).
( : 2012 .)2012

( :Colon ) :
:

: :

( ).
ratios & proportions : .1:7
/ (.)New York, NY: Wiley :
( )Introduction:


.

( ) :Dash
:
" " ( :
).
39

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( " " ) :Quotation Marks

:
/ .

( : " :"
"" ).
( : " " ( )2006 .) ......
( : ".)"........
:
.Italicizing
:(.)The term zero-base appeared frequently in the speech

( " " ) ( ):
Double or Single Quotation Marks
:
.
Miele (1993) found that the placebo effect, which had
been verified . (p. 276).

40

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( ( ) ) :Parentheses
:
/ :( ( )2009 ) .... /
.) )p. 33( ( :
( ( : ) )5 ( ).
().
.
( : ).
: ( ) . ....
: ( ) .
American Psychological Association ( :).) (APA
( : () ( ) ( ) ).
.) )K 1/K + 1( ( : - ( (.) )p= .031

( [ ] ) :Square Brackets
:
95% CLS [-7.2, ( :])4.3

41

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( : ][
).

( :Slash ) /
:
( : /). per .)5 mg/kg( : - .)Freud (1923/1961) ( :

( :Hyphen ) -
:
role-playing ( :.)technique
trial-by-( :.)trial analysis
middle-( :.)class families
.)two-way analysis of variance( :
.)two-thirds majority( : :
.)widely used text( : .)sodium chloride solution( : post hoc ( :.)comparisons

42

. .)2012( / ... . // //

one third of the ( : .)participants

: APA Suffixes Prefixes
1
APA Suffixes Prefixes
Prefix or suffix
able
after
anti
bi
cede
co
counter
equi
extra

Example
Retrievable
Aftereffect
Antisocial
Bilingual
Intercede
Coworker
Counterbalance
Equimax
Extracurricular

Prefix or suffix
Mini
Multi
Non
Over
Phobia
Post
Pre
Pro
Pseudo

Example
Minisession
Multiphase
Nonsignificant
Overaggressive
Agoraphobia
Posttest
Preexperimental
Prowar
Pseudoscience

gram
infra
inter
intra

Cardiogram
Infrared
Interstimulus
Intraspecific

Quasi
Re
Semi
Socio

Quasiperiodic
Reevaluate
Semidarkness
Socioeconomic

like

Wavelike

Sub

Subtest

macro
mega
meta
meter
micro
mid

Macrocosom
Megawatt
Metacohnitive
Micrometer
Microcosm
Midterm

Super
Supra
Ultra
Un
Under

Superordinate
Supraliminal
Ultrahigh
Unbiased
Underdeveloped

:
Meta-analysis

Quasiexperimental

43

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:APA :
( )
default .
aligned left
double-spaced
.
) (12 pt Times New Roman Courier
.
paragraphs
.paragraph indentation
" " title page
" " page header
.
" " Running head
" "R ) ) :

.
" " running header
.

( )
.
" "


( ).
44

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/ Citing References in Text

//
: /
Parenthetical Citations :
quoting
.
summarizing facts

.
paraphrasing
.
// APA
// :
/

"" !plagiarism
"" " "
/ /
.
( ).
:
( .............)2012 40 ( ).
.:
(" )2011
45

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

"
( 2011 .)9 .
40

)" "( quotation marks
( ).
/ :
(:)2011

. ...
( .2011
)30 .
Paraphrasing
.

46

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:One Author
surname
.
:
( )2012 ........ (.)2012 - 2012 ...........

:Two Authors

.
:
(........ )2011 ( .)2011 ( .)2011
" "and
"&" :
- The Egyptian spring came so late (Mansour & Mark, 2012).

:3 5 Authors


" " ""

""
" " ""
47

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

" "
:
( )2012 .
(.)2012 ( ............. .)2012 :
( .............. .)2012 "" ""et al
- Mansour et al. (2010) mentioned that ..
- ... (Mansour et al., 2010).

:6+ Authors

"
"
" "

:
(.)2012 ( ................ .)2012 - Abd el Mottey et al. (2012) mentioned that ..
- The issue is to accept the culture of difference (Shady et al., 2000).

:Corporate Author


48

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

.
(..) ( )2009 . .. ( )2009 . - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (2003) suggested that
- According to NIMH (2003), sports can help liver longer.

.

:
Authors with the same last name
( )
( ) ( )
.
( )2009 ( )2003 . ( 2009 .)2010 - B. Z. Robertson (2010) and T. A. Robertson (2007) discussed
- . (B. Z. Robertson, 2010 & T. A. Robertson, 2007).

:
designator
) (a, b, c, etc /
" :
( )1998a, 1998b & 1998c .- . (Jones, 1998a & 1998b).

49

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:

:
( ...........)2009 2007 2000 - Mark (1990, 2003 & 2006) indicated that .......

:
()A-Z
() :
( ......2001 2009 2005 .)2004 - (Alberts et al., 2003; Jones, 1998a, 1998b; Klevezal & Thompson,
1980; Sergeant, 1973 & Stanford, 2001).
( )
.

:

( ) .

Italic :
"( ............................ ".)2008 - It is not the issue that ............. (Studies of Alcohol, 1999).

50

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:

" " " "as cited in
:
( ................ .)2010 - Douglas (as cited in Whalen, 1999).

.

:

"" " "trans.

" "/ :
- ........... (Aristotle, trans. 1931).
- James (1890/1983).

.

:


.

( (
)" .
( )2010 29 .51

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

- According to T. K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001) .....

- .............. (T. K. Lutes, personal communication, September 28, 1998).

:

/ :
( )2000/1998 .......- Mark (1978/2009) showed how to build a classification system.

52

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/
//
/
References Sources Notes
Cited Works .Bibliography
/ / :
.1 /
.
.2 / .
.3 / .
.4 / Alphabetical order
// Institute of
) Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE

square brackets /
/ .
APA /
/
.


//
"" .References
( References ) ( )
//
//
53

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

.


.
Sources ( )
// /
//
. "" ""
.
Notes ( )
//
/ //
appendings

/
/.
Cited Works
.
Bibliography

.

54

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/ : :
/ "" " "

/ :
The Correction of the Reference .
-

The Accuracy of the Reference

.
The Safety of the Reference
.
-

The Completeness of the Reference

.
-

The Order of the Reference

.
APA /
:
/ .

55

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( References )

( )
Bold Italic Underline
.
double-spaced
Single-spaced:
-

double-spaced .

double-spaced References .
/ .
hanging indent .
7-5
1.25.
Bold
Underlining .
Dr. :
Ph. D Mr. ... Miss.
( personal communications/conversations
)
.
period
URL .

UNUSA

56

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( )1,2,3, 9
.
Ramses II .

/ :
( ).

.
Last name/surname/family name
first name/given name middle
( name ).


three ellipsis points .

/ [ ]
:
- Janet, P. ]Paul[. (1876). ..........
- Janet, P. ]Pierre[. (1906). ........
( hyphen )
( ) . Initial :
Jean-Baptiste Lamour Lamour, J.-B. ( ) .

.
"" Ed.
Eds. .
57

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

initials

.
letter by letter " nothing
"precedes something Brown, J. R. : .Browning, A. R.
prefixes Mc, M, MacK :
" " .apostrophe
& ampersand and
( ).
alphabetical numeral order
chronological order
Macomber, J. VI : .Macomber, J., VII

/ :
///
( ) ( )
:
.)2000( . . : .- Jackson, L. P. (2008). The times are changing for urban developers (2nd
ed). Boston, MA: Allester and Bacon.
/ Italicize
.
proper nouns
capital ( colon ) : period question
mark exclamation point
.

58

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( ) :
.)1999( . : .Communication in the workplace. (2005). Cambridge, NJ: Boston.

" "Ed. " "Eds.

:
- Dewa, P., & Runkel, G. (Eds.). (2006). Chess strategies made simple. New
York, NY: Davidson Books.
" "Rev. ed
:
)- Williams, D. (2008). Physical therapy and the aging athlete (Rev. Ed.
Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
"2nd ed. " ... "3rd ed. ...
:
- Lapensee, D. L. (2010). Financial incentives behind sibling rivalries in
family business (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: BBM College Press.
:
- American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the
American Psychological Association (6 th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
(
) ( ) :
- Shurlez, S. S. (2007). Rethinking manufacturing. In P. J. Samakal (Ed.),
Modern business strategies (pp. 63-78). New York, NY: Pemberton Books.

59

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/ :
:
( )

.
( )
( ) :
- ..... (June 9, 2009).
(
) ( .)
" " " " "
" in press .
n. d ( ) .No Date

:
( )
.

.
Postal-code services
letters abbreviations two- .
:
2

Standard Abbreviation

Postal Abbreviation

State

AL

Ala.

Alabama

AK

Alaska

Alaska

60

. .)2012( / ... . // //

Arizona

Ariz.

AZ

Arkansas

Ark.

AR

California

Calif.

CA

Colorado

Colo.

CO

Connecticut

Conn.

CT

Delaware

Del.

DE

Florida

Fla.

FL

Georgia

Ga.

GA

Hawaii

Hawaii

HI

Idaho

Idaho

ID

Illinois

Ill.

IL

Indiana

Ind.

IN

Iowa

Iowa

IA

Kansas

Kans.

KS

Kentucky

Ky.

KY

Louisiana

La.

LA

Maine

Maine

ME

Maryland

Md.

MD

Massachusetts

Mass.

MA

Michigan

Mich.

MI

Minnesota

Minn.

MN

Mississippi

Miss.

MS

Missouri

Mo.

MO

Montana

Mont.

MT

Nebraska

Nebr.

NE

Nevada

Nev.

NV

New Hampshire

N.H.

NH

New Jersey

N.J.

NJ

New Mexico

N.M.

NM

New York

N.Y.

NY

North Carolina

N.C.

NC

North Dakota

N.D.

ND

Ohio

Ohio

OH

Oklahoma

Okla.

OK

Oregon

Ore.

OR
61

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

PA

Pa.

Pennsylvania

RI

R.I.

Rhode Island

SC

S.C.

South Carolina

SD

S.D.

South Dakota

TN

Tenn.

Tennessee

TX

Tex.

Texas

UT

Utah

Utah

VT

Vt.

Vermont

VA

Va.

Virginia

WA

Wash.

Washington

WV

W.Va.

West Virginia

WI

Wis.

Wisconsin

WY

Wyo.

Wyoming

.

superfluous co., Inc, publishers, etc.
.
.
"" Author .
( ) . .

62

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/ :

.
( )
( ):( colon ).
(
capital letters small
.)letters
:
"Vol.", "No.", or "pp.".
.
( ) ( )
.
Retrieval Date .
DOI
.URL
.
( .) .

63

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:
.
( )1,2,3, 9 .
Table
( )
:
- Table 9
The Significant Role of SNSs in the Egyptian Revolution
Figure
:
- Figure 9.
The Visual Deception
.

.

/
.
"" Table
.
2
/ .

the table above as seen the next table
%, SD
. .

64

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

Notes Note

:
Note. All signs were omitted.

Horizontal lines/rules
. Vertical lines/rules
:
-

/ .

/ .

/ .

/
.

// APA
Table 9
The Significant Role of SNSs in the Egyptian Revolution
41 years +
Male
Female

5.3%

15.8%

36-40 years
Male
Female

5.3%

5.3%

31-35 years
Male
Female

5.3%

26-30 years
Male
Female

5.3%

5.3%
5.3%

- 20 years
21-25 years
Male
Female
Male
Female
The Significant Role of SNS in the Egyptian Revolution
15.8%

21%

10.5%

Very significant
Significant
Somewhat significant
Not significant

Figure 3.
Collection Development Process

65

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/
3

/
Book or publication part
Part
Revised edition
Supplement
Technical Report
)Translator(s
)Volume (as in Vol. 4
)Volumes (as in Vols. 1-4
Paragraph
And

Book or publication part

Abbreviation
Pt.
Rev. ed.
Suppl.
Tech. Rep.
Trans.
Vol.
Vols.
/para
&

ed. Second edition

Chapter
Edition
Editor
multiple editors
Number
no date
page number
page numbers

Abbreviation
2nd
Chap.
ed.
Ed.
Eds.
No.
n.d.
p.
pp.

Arabic Numerals
Roman numerals
APA ( Vol. 2 )Vol. II

Roman Numerals

King Ramses II
.

66

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/ :
:Book Citation - General Format
( )
( )
( )
.

:Book - Single Author

( .)2000 . : .- Freeman, F. (1962). Theory and practice of psychological testing. New York:
Rinehart and Winston.

"" APA
/
. APA
.


Mark, Jhon, Thomas Initials M. J. Edison
.



.

67

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:Book - Two Authors

.)2007( . . : .- Marzano, R. J., & Marzano, J. S. (1988). A cluster approach to elementary
vocabulary instruction. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

):Book - Multiple Authors (3-5

.)2008( . . : .
- Gagliano, A., Zielke, A. L., Wagner, E., & Kerr, D. J. (2009). How to build an
elevator. Chicago, IL: Construction Press.

):Book - Multiple Authors (6 +

- Sander, M. R., Downer, J. L., Quist, A. L., Platmann, L., Lucas, C. L., Cline, J.
K., & Campbell, D. R. (2004). Doing research in the university library.
Chicago, IL: Corbin Press.

:Edited Book - No Author

) .) .)2000( . . : .

- Hunnicutt, S. (Ed.). (2009). Corporate social responsibility. Detroit:

Greenhaven Press.

/ : Book, No Author or Editor

.)1990( . : .- Basic History of Immigration. (2009). San Francisco: Migration Press.
68

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:Corporate Author
.)2005( . . :.
- American Psychological Association. (2010). Concise rules of APA style (6th
ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

:Book Translation
.)1993( . ( . ) . : ( . (.)
- Hitler, A. (2001). Mein Kampf (R. Manheim, Trans.). Boston: Houghton
Mifflin. (Original work published 1943).

:Multivolume Work, Single Volume

- Pearson, P. D. (Ed.). (2000). Handbook of reading research (Vol. 3). New
York, NY: Longman.

/ :Multivolume Work, All Volume

Pearson, P. D. (Ed.). (1984-2000). Handbook of reading research (Vols. 1-3).

New York, NY: Longman.

:Secondary Sources
() () ()
/ ()
:
- .)2009( . () . : .

69

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

- Phelps, R. P. (2005). Defending standardized testing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence

Erlbaum Assoc.

:Book Review

] [ :
- Ferrer, H. (2006). The case of the disappearing genres [Review of the book Best
American mystery stories 2005]. American Book Review, 27(4), 8-9. Retrieved
from Academic Search Complete database.

/ :Lecture Notes
/ ] [
:
- Johannesson, C. (2008). The mole [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from
Communication Arts High School Web site:
http://www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem/ppt/molarconv_pres.ppt

(e-mails, interviews, notes,

)memos, etc.
/


. (

) :

70

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

( ...... .)2011 9 ( .)2000 23 " " ( .)2001 30- (S. Jones, personal communication, January 8, 1997).
- S. Jim (personal communication, June 8, 1997) said
- She felt that universities must better inform the public as to how taxpayers
dollars translate into future benefits for society (M. Singer, personal
communication, March 3, 1998).

:Brochure/Pamphlet
"" ] [
][ :
- Arthur, D. (2006). Certificate and non-credit courses and programs [Brochure].
Kelowna, BC.

:Encyclopedia Article, signed

( ) ( )
/
"" in :
- Grossman, W. L. (1996). History of transportation. In L. S. Bahr, B. Johnston,
& L. A. Bloomfield (Eds.), Colliers encyclopedia (Vol. 22, pp. 416-439). New
York, NY: P. F. Collier, Inc.

71

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:Encyclopedia Article, unsigned

/
/ /
"" in
:
- Gulf of Thessaloniki. (1996). In L. S. Bahr, B. Johnston, & L. A. Bloomfield
(Eds.), Colliers encyclopedia (Vol. 22, p. 285). New York, NY: P. F. Collier,
Inc.

:Wiki
( )n.d " "
Wiki URL :
- Judo. (n.d.). Retrieved August 29, 2007, from Wikipedia: ttp://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Judo


.

/ :Online Dictionary
- German shepherd. (n.d.). In Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary.
Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?book=Dictionary

:Book from the World Wide Web

- Bunyan, J. (1907). The Holy War [Full text archive version]. Retrieved from
http://fulltextarchive.com/pages/The-Holy-War.php
72

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

E-book or Electronic Version of a Printed Book
- Crowther, D., & Capaldi, N. (Eds.). (2008). Ashgate research companion to
corporate social responsibility. Retrieved from http://www.ashgate.com
- Willis, J. (2008). Teaching the brain to read: Strategies for improving fluency,
vocabulary and comprehension. Retrieved from http://ebrary.com

Governmental Publications/Documents
( )

"" Author :
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1992). Pressure ulcers in
adults: Prediction and prevention (AHCPR Publication No. 920047).
Rockville: MD: Author.

:Annual Report
( )

"" Author :
- Vermont Teddy Bear Company. (2004). 2004 annual report. Shelburne, VT:
Author.

73

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:
Unpublished Paper Presented at a Meeting
- Buchmann, R. (2008, April). Informal information seeking as done by college
students. Poster session presented at the meeting of Wisconsin Association of
Academic Librarians, Manitowoc, WI.

:Film
( )
"" " " ] [ (
) :
- Gardner, R. G. (Director). (1964). Dead birds [Film]. Washington, DC:
Harvard University, Peabody Museum, Film Study Center.

:Videos
( )
"" ] [ ( ) :
- Public Broadcasting System (Producer). (1997). The new urban renewal:
Reclaiming our neighborhoods [Videotape]. Alexandria, VA: PBS Video.

/ :Audio-Visual Media
/ ( )
/ "" (
) :

74

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

- Garmon, L. (Producer and Director), & Apsell, P. (Executive Producer). (1994).

Secret of the wild child [Videocassette]. Boston, MA: WGBH Educational
Foundation.
- Osbourne, B. (Producer), & Jackson, P. (Director). (2004). Lord of the rings:
The return of the king [DVD]. United States: New Line Home Entertainment.

:Motion Picture
/ ( )
] [
:
- Ho, A. K. (Producer) & George, T. (Director). (2004). Hotel Rwanda [Motion
picture]. Los Angeles, CA: MGM Studios, Inc.

:Television Broadcast
()
] [ (
) :
- Palfreman, J. (Writer & Director). (2010). The vaccine war [Television series
episode]. In M. Sullivan (Executive producer), Frontline. Boston, MA: WGBH
Educational Foundation.

:Music Recording
Copyright ( )
/ ] [
( ) :
75

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

- Barries, D. (1956). Johnny move over [Recorded by Ted Barker]. On Songs that
rock [CD]. Springfiled, MO: Pezzy Records.
- Shocked, M. (1992). Over the waterfall. On Arkansas traveler [CD]. New
York: PolyGram Music. (1987).

:TV. Material
( ) :
- Belechick, G. (Producer). (2007, September 1). Scared to speak out [Television
broadcast]. New York, NY: WMTW.

:Television Series
/
( ) :
- Jackson, L. (Producer). (2005, July17 ). The human body [Television series].
New York: NY: WMEP.

:
] [
:
- Jhon, P. )Producer). (2009). The killing officer [Television series episode]. In.
T. Joes (Producer), (Producer), San Francisco Bay, Los Angeles, CA: WMEW.

76

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:Computer Software
(
) ] [ :
- Flesch Readability Scale (Microsoft Office 2003) [Computer software].
Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

:Image or Figure

:
- Carson, J. L. (c. 2003). "B. pertussis." [Online image]. Retrieved from the J.
Craig Venter Institute Genome News Network website:
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/09_03/ whooping_cough.php

:
Groups/Online Communities: Internet Messages Boards, E-Mailing
Lists (Listserv), Newsgroup, online forum, Blogs, Videos, etc.

/ ( )
screen name .
date post
] [ "Retrieved from URL
.

/ :
- Rampersad, T. (2005, June 8). Re: Traditional knowledge and traditional
cultural expressions [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from
77

. .)2012( / ... . // //

http://www.wipo.int/roller/comments/ipisforum/Weblog/theme_eight_how_can
_cultural#comments

:Mailing Lists
- Smith, S. (2006, January 5). Re: Disputed estimates of IQ [Electronic mailing
list message]. Retrieved from
http://tech.groups.yaho.com/group/ForensicNetwork/message/670

:Weblogs
- Engle, G. (2010, October 7). Thinking outside the ban [Web blog post].
Retrieved from http://theinnovativeeducator.blogspot.com
.
- Buys. (2010, October 7). When these technologies are banned [Web log
comment]. Retrieved from
http://theinnovativeeducator.blogspot.com/2010/10/thinking-outsideban.html#comments

:Videos
- Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch
[Video file]. Retrieved from http://wwwyoutube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs

78

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:
(
)

p. .pp.

/ :
.)2000( . . .11-19 )1(1 - Harris, M. (2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood connection. Journal of Film
and Writing, 44(3), 213-245.

:
.)2008( . . 105-139 )9(35
- Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in
organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2),
10-36.

:
.)1985( . . .51-39 )1(5
- Saywitz, K. J., Mannarino, A. P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J. A. (2000).
Treatment for sexually abused children and adolescents. American
Psychologist, 55, 1040-1049.

79

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:
... .( .)1995 . .516-477 )4(12
- Booth, B. J., Jones, C., Alexander, S. K., Stanford, A., Brown, D. S., Benke, J.
M., . . . Platman, L. A. (2010). Introduction to basket weaving: Utilizing natural
materials. Just Patterns Magazine, 5(2), 42-47.

:
" " " " in press
:
- Briscoe, R. (in press). Egocentric spatial representation in action ad perception.
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research.

:

:
2000( .) . . . .
- Lanktree, C., & Briere, J. (1991, January). Early data on the Trauma Symtom
Checklist for Children. Paper presented at the meeting of the American
Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, San Diego, CA.

:Unpublished Thesis
" "
:

80

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

.)1990( . .
.
- Caballero, S. (2004). How to teach first graders (Unpublished masters thesis).
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.

:Unpublished Dissertation
" "
:

.)1981( . .
.
- Wilfley, D. (1989). Interpersonal analyses of bulimia: Normal weight and
obese. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia.

:Unpublished Report/Project
" "
:
- Stakiw, E. (2004). Perceptions of a collaborative project to adapt instruction
within the regular classroom. Unpublished manuscript, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

:Patent

:

81

. .)2012( / ... . // //

- Smith, I. M. (1988). U.S. Patent no. 123,445. Washington, DC: U.S Patent and
Trademark Office.

:Magazine Articles
- Kenji, M., & Tanako, K. (2003, February 13). Conflict and cognitive control.
Science, 303, 969-970. The disability gulag [Letter to the editor]. (2003,
December 14). The New York Times Magazine, 28.

:Newspaper Articles
- Nagourney, E. (2003, October 28). Impatience, at your own risk. The New York
Times, p. F6.
.
:
- New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July
15). The Washington Post, p. A12.

82

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:
paragraph
.paragraphs


para. . :
(Sanders, 2000, 5) or (Sanders, 2000, para. 5) .

:
- (Sanders, 2001, Introduction, 4).

)Electronic book (e-book

:
Available from

.URL
- Carr, A. (2001). Abnormal psychology. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Available from http://www.eblib.com.au
"Retrieved from
.
- Mnsterberg, H. (1916). The photoplay: A psychological study. Retrieved from
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15383/15383-8.txt

83

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

Chapter from electronic book

Available from
:
- Isler, W. C., Peterson, A. L., & Isler, D. E. (2005). Behavioral treatment of
insomnia in primary care settings. In L. C. James & R. A. Folen (Eds.), The
primary care consultant: The next frontier for psychologists in hospitals and
clinics. Health psychology series (pp.121-151). Retrieved from PsycBOOKS
database.

Web site
:
.
URL ""
copy & past .
Retrieval date .
URL / ) / ) slash .
. ) Digital Object Identifier (DOI .
DOI . .84

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:Website - Author
( )
( ) . n.d.
. Retrieved from
(
from )URL :
( . ) . . htt://www.ahram.org.eg- Dvoretsky, D.P. (n.d.). History: the Russian Academy of Sciences. Retrieved
from http://www.infran.ru/history_eng.htm
- Green, D. (2010). Gardening tips perennials. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from
http://www.gardening-tips-perennials.com/index.html

Website - Corporate Author

- Harley-Davidson, Inc. (2010). Harley-Davidson USA. Retrieved July 15, 2009
from http://www.harley-davidson.com/en_US/Content/Pages/home.html

:
Article with DOI (Digital Object Identifier), print or online

:
- Milton, C. L. (2009). Leadership and ethics in nurse-nurse relationships.
Nursing Science Quarterly, 22(2), 116-119. DOI:10.1177/0894318409332569.
URL :
- Ostroff. C. (2002). The relationship between satisfaction, attitudes, and
performance: An organizational level analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology,

85

. .)2012( / ... . // //

12(2), 963-974. Retrieved from

http://www.nwlink.com/~donplark/leader/learner2.html

Article, multiple authors, three to seven

- Takeuchi, H., Osono, E., & Shimizu, N. (2008). The contradictions that drive
Toyotas success. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 96-104. Retrieved from
http://www.hbr.org

:
Article from a Database with DOI
- Swartwout, M. D., Cirino, P. T., Hampson, A. W., Fletcher, J. M., Brandt, M.
E., & Dennis, M. (2008). Sustained attention in children with two etiologies of
early hydrocephalus. Neuropsychology, 22(6), 765-775. doi:10.1037/a0013373

:
Article from a Database without DOI
- Wasieleski, D. M., & Hayibor, S. (2009). Evolutionary psychology and
business ethics research. Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(4), 587-616. Retrieved
from https://0secure.pdcnet.org/pdc/bvdb.nsf/journal?openform&journal=pdc_beq

:
Newspaper Article from a Database

: URL

86

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

- Hewlett, M. (2007, March 23). Education helps stop turnover. Boston Herald.
Retrieved from http://www.bostonherald.com

Newspaper Article from a

Database
- Eisenhauer, L. (2010, September 19). Check out the colors of autumn on a twowheel getaway. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved from
http://www.stltoday.com

:
( )
:
- Richardson, B. (2007). Situational factors affecting the demise of higher
education in the United States (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from
http://www.montanalinkage.edu/ett

:
( )

:
- Richardson, B. (2007). Situational factors affecting the demise of higher
education in the United States (Doctoral dissertation, Vermont State
University). Retrieved from http://www.dissform.vsu.edu/doc/ths

87

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

:
( )
" "n.d :
- Computer based ergonomics. (n.d.). Retrieved September from
http://www.ergoweb.com

:

:
- Jim, L. (2001, September). Ethos and error: How business people react to errors
[Electronic version]. College Composition and Communication, 53, 3-9.

:
( )
] [ Video podcast
:
- Rankin, J. (Writer), & Howerston, P. (Director). (2008, July 17). Nice guys
finish last [Video podcast]. Retrived fro, http://www.randj.com

88

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

/ :
( ):
..... .)1995( . ..... .)2000( . ..... .)2009( .- Anastasi, A. (1968). .
- Fryer, M., & Collings, J. A. (1991). .
- Guilford, J. P. (1957). .
:
.... .)1998( . .... .)2000( .- Hewlett, L. S. (1996). ....
- Hewlett, L. S. (1999). ....
:
..... .)2000( . ..... .)2007( .- Alleyne, R. L. (2001). .
- Alleyne, R. L., & Evans, A. J. (1999).

:
/2000( .)( . ... /2000( .)( . ...- Baheti, J. R. (2001a). Control ...
- Bahreti, J. R. (2001b). Roles of ..
89

// // ... . / ( .)2012 .

.


:
.... .)2009( . ... .)2007( .- Gosling, J. R., Jerald, K., & Belfar, S. F. (2000).
- Gosling, J. R., & Tevlin, D. F. (1996). ..
:
..... .)1985( . ..... .)2005( .- Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000). ..
- Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001). ..

:
..... .)2009( . ..... .)2004( .- Mathur, A. L., & Wallston, J. (1999).
- Mathur, S. E., & Ahlers, R. J. (1998).

90

. .)2012( / ... . // //

1. Hensel, W. F. (2001). The importance of citation: Research,

writing & advocacy. Retrieved from
http://law.gsu.edu.whensel/rwa7.pdf
2. University of California Berkeley. (2009). Citing your sources.
Retrieved from
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/citations.html
3. ISO 690. (n.d). Retrieved September 11, 2011from
htt://enwikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_690
4. Long Island University. (n. d). Library workshop manual: Section
4 Evaluating information. Retrieved from
http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workbook/evaluate.htm
5. American Psychological Association. (2011). Retrieved from
http://www.apa.org
6. Medina, L. (n.d). Importance of using APA format in research
papers. Retrieved from
http://www.ehow.com/facts_6115741_importance-apa-formatresearch-papers.html
7. American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

91