Ni{ i Vizantija VII

383

-
XI XII

XI, XII -
. (question
hongroise) .1
1071.
, , 80- XII ,
. ,
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, ,
,
,
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(1063-1074) .
, 1071. .2
, 1072.
, .
1072. . 3
, , ,
.4
1 F. Chalandon, Les Comnnes II: Jean Comnne (11181143) et Manuel Comnne (1143-1180), Paris, 1912, 53.
2 (Kpes kronika) Chronici hungarici compositio saeculi XIV, Szentptery Imre, Scriptores rerum
Hungaricarum I, Budapest, 1937, 369-375, SRH I; Kpes krnika (Dercsnyi Dezs,
A Kpes krnika s a kora, Csapodin Gdonyi Klra, A Kpes krnika miniatri, Mezei
Lszl, A Krnika latin szvege, Gerb Lszl, A Krnika latin szvege), Budapest, 1964,
128, Kpes krnika; , I, , 1951,
10-20.
3 , , , XXXI, ,
1984, 10, . , .
4 Makk Ferenc, Salamon s I. Gza viszlya, A Turulmadrtl a kettskeresztig.
Tanulmnyok a magyarsg rgebbi trtnelmrl, Szeged, 1998, 154.

384

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Kpes krnika.
, ,
.
viri de Nys , .10
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,
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5 IV, , 1971, 74, .
187, -
1071-1072. ( ); , , , 1967,
40, 42, . , ; , , ,
, , 36-37; . ,
1071. , 1073.
.
6 , 74.
7 Post itaque misit rex ad utrumque ducem, ut ambo simul ad rege venirent et cum
exercitus super Nys castrum proficescerentur, SRH I, 377, . 2.
8 , 74, . , , 42.
9 SRH I, 377; Kpes krnika, 128.
10 SRH I, 377; Krist Gyula, Az rpd-kor hbori, Budapest, 1986, 64.
11 -, XI-XIII
, XXXVI, , 1997, 147.

Ni{ i Vizantija VII

385

.
.
895. .12 ,
, VII
. , ,
.13
. , ,
XII . (
, . )
,
. 1004.
, . , ,
I (997-1038),
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1020. .15
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. .16
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- .

,
.17
,
. , ,
, .
12 Gyula Moravcsik, Byzantine Christianity and the Magyars in the Migration Period, American Slavic and East European review, V, Nos. 14/15, 1946, 29-45.
13 , , , 1996, 188; Gyula
Moravcsik, he role of the Byzantine Church in the Medieval Hungary, Studia Byzantina, Budapest, 1967, Moravcsik, he role.
, .
(. , 188-189),
.
14 Moravcsik, he role, 332-333, .
15 . , , 7.
16 , 74,
.
17 , ,
. VI, , 2008, 47-49, .
.

386

,
, . ,
, 1164.
.18
.
XI
II .
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,
1164-1180.21
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) .22
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18 , 74, . 187 188 .
; . , , 7; , , 42; Moravcsik, he role, 337.
, ,
, 229, , 1905, 7. 1073. .
, , .
90 , 1162.
, 1162. . .
,
, I, , 1959, 486.
1164. , , 1164.
, . , , 7, Moravcsik, he role, 337.
19 . , , 7; . , . , 486; . , . , 6-7.
20 , .
. ,
26, , 2002, 127-128.
21 ,
, irmium- ( ), , 2003, 304.
22 , 70-71, . 177.
. .
23 ,

Ni{ i Vizantija VII

387

.24 ,
,
, .25
, ,
,
.
- 70- XI
, ,
. VII (1071-1078) ,
, . . . .26
.
-
. ,
. , .27
, o
, 1071. . Duds dn, Bcs s
Bodrog fispnok, Szzadok 5, Budapest, 1871, 440.

, Kes krnika, 127-135; Makk
Ferenc, Salamon s I. Gza viszlya, 153; , 37; Gyrfy Gyrgy, Az j trsadlmi rend vlsga trnkzdelmek, Magyarorszg trtnete tz ktetben, Elzmnyek s
magyar trtnet 1242-ig, I/1, Bp, 1987, 881-882; ,
-, , , 29, 1984-1985, 124.
, 1055.
1067. , SRH I, 371, 2, cuius (
, . ) nomen iam a. 1055. in diplomate fundantionali Tihanyiensi inter testes
legitur; Wenzel Gusztv, rpdkori j okmnytr, Pest, 1860, 24-27; Rokay Pter, Salamon
s Pla, jvidk, 1990, 61-62, . 10-14 66, 18-30
; , Krnikatanulmnyok, Debrecen, 1999, 8-11; . . , ,
7, 2008, 62-71.
24 Elter Istvn, Magyarorszg Idrs Fldrajzi mvben, Acta universitatis Szegediensis de Attila Jzsef Nominatae, Acta historica, tomus LXXXII, Szeged, 1985, 59.
25
, . Pakan Cvekan,
Franjevci u Bau, Virovitica, 1985, 27-28; Ante Sekuli, Drevni Ba, Split, 1978, 23-24,
.

. . Gyrffy Gyrgy, Az rpdkori Magyarorsyg trtneti fldrajza, Budapest, 1966, 212; ,
- . Albe
oki, Nekoliko crtica iz povijesti Baa, Klasje naih ravni, I/1935, 110-111; Rudolf Schmidt, Iz prolosti Baa, , 37-38, ,
1939, 383-384. 1093. ,
,
. Winkler Pl, A kalocsai s bcsi rseksg. Trtneti sszefoglals, Kalocsa, 1926, 5.
26 , 37.
27 . , , 11-14,
- .

388

XII
, 1102. . , II (1118-1143) I,
(). 20-
. .
.
II (1114-1131), ,
.

-.28 1127. .29
,
. , ,
. .30 ,
.
. Annales Posonienses,
XIII 1127.
. tephanus rex accepi civitatem Nis, 1127.
.31 ,
, ,
.32
,
. Codex 545
Brundisium
et Scardicum nec non Nys aliasque civitatis grecorm igne et gladio vastavit.33

, .
, .
, ,
.34
II
.35
,
28 , 48-49,
, , ,
.
29
1127, . , , 46.
30 , 117-118.
31 Annales Posonienses, SRH I, 126.
32 Annales Posonienses, SRH I, 122. Idem vir doctus ( , . . )
hanc partem 1127. definiendam esse putat.
33 , 7-10, . 7. 8-9,
.
34 Krist Gy, . , 75.
35 Makk Ferenc, A Turulmadrtl a kettskeresztig. korai magyar-biznci kapcsolatok, A Turulmadrtl a kettskeresztig, 230.

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.
,
( ) .36
, ,
, .
. ,
. II Ko
, , .
1129. ,
. ,
. .37
1128. 1129. .38
, ,
.
,
, ,
.39
XII I Ko (1143-1180),
,
.
1129. ,
II.

,
.40 1150.
, .
, , I
, , .41
1150.
, -
.
36 . . , .
II (1018-1187), , 1934, 373-374;
. , 8-9, 7,
1127. .
37 . , , 15.
38 . , , 46.
39 Ioannis Cinnami epitome rerum ab Ioannae et Alexio Comneni gestarum, ed. A.
Meineke, Bonnae, 1836, 212-213.
40 Makk Ferenc, Megjegyzsek III. Istvn trtnethez, Acta Universitatis Szegediensis de Attila Jzsef nominatae. Acta historica LXVI, 1979, 29-43,

( )
10- III (1162-1172).
41 , 27; , XII
, , XXII, , 1983, 10-11; . ,
, 18.

390

,
.42 , .
, .43
, ,
. , , . XII
c - ,
.

.
, .
, , .
.
II.
,
, .

.44
,45 ,
. 1154. ,
.
,
,
.46
, .
, 60- XI
,
.
---,
.47 1164. . ,
, 1163.
, . .
.
, ,
.
.48 , 1166.
- .
42 . , , 18-19; Ferenc Makk, Contribution la chronologie des conflits
hungaro-byzantines, , XX, , 1981, 29;
. , . , 10.
43 . , , 19.
44 , 48.
45 , 129; F. Makk, Contribution, 36-37.
46 . , , 19-20; , , 50-52.
47 . , . , 15, . 53. 54.
, 18.
48 . , , 20; . , . , 304.

Ni{ i Vizantija VII

391

, . ,
,
1167. .49

.

. .
1180.
. III
(1173-1196). O 13-14
. , ,
, 1166.
.
.50
.
, 90- XII ,
1071.51
,
II, ,
-. . 1181. ,
, .
, , ,
.52
1182. -
.53 ,
, .
. 1183.
-
.54

49

, 95-104, .
Moravcsik, The role, 338.
, .
. Makk Ferenc, III. Bla s Biznc, Szzadok (116), Budapest, 1982,
33-34.
51 Moravcsik, The role, 338-339; , Pour une alliance byzantino-hongroise (seconde moiti du XIIe sicle), Byzantion 8, Bruxelles, 1933, 556-557; Makk Ferenc, A Turulmadrtl a kettskeresztig. korai magyar-biznci kapcsolatok, 235.
52 Moravcsik, Pour une alliance byzantino-hongroise, 561,
, , ,
1996, 374, . 2. . Makk F, III. Bla s Biznc, 51.
53 , 151, . 151; Makk F, III. Bla s Biznc, 49; Krist Gy, .
, 96.
54 , 151, . 151.
.
50

392

,
.55 ,

. 1183.
, 1183.
.56 , 1183.
.57 .58
. ,
, , ,
II ,
.
. III
.
- 1185.
, . , ,

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, .59
, III 1183. .
.
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. , ,
.
, .
1187. ,
1190. . , ,
, , .60

III, , ,
.
,
55 . . , . , 431; . .
, . . , , 1982, 118.
56 , 152, . 155.
57 Makk F, III. Bla s Biznc, 50.
58 . , . , 374; . , . , 197; Moravcsik, Pour
une alliance byzantino-hongroise, 561; Krist Gy, . , 96; . , , 23; ,
, 56; . . , . , 431; , 118; Makk F, III. Bla
s Biznc, 49, . 102. .
59 Makk F, III. Bla s Biznc, 51, 119; Krist Gy, . , 96-97; .
, . , 376-377; . , . , 196-197.
60 , . ,
, - - XXXII. 13, , 1936, 70-71;
Makk F, III. Bla s Biznc, 49; . . , . , 423, 1.

Ni{ i Vizantija VII

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.61
.
, ,
.62
, ,

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1185. .

, . III je
,
, .63
III .

. ,
, .
, , ,
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,
,
. 1071. 1185.
, , ,
, .

Boris Stojkovski
NI IN BZYANTINE-HUNGARIAN RELATIONSIN XI AND XII CENTURY
The first war in the larger scale between the two states broke out in 1071. Hungarians
had conquered Sirmium and Belgrade, after which they moved to the south and conquered
Ni. The conquering of Ni was also confirmed by both Byzantine sources and Hungarian
chronicles. The most significant sources, not only for this conflict, but for the complete
Byzantine-Hungarian relations are Jovan Kinam and Nikita Honiat and, regarding Hungarian
sources, there is Vienna Illustrated Chronicle, as well as some other chronicles and annals,
firstly The Annals of Pozun. This campaign brought huge plunder to Hungarians, consisting of silver, gold and other valuables. At that time, Ni was plundered and the hand of
Saint Prokopije was taken to Sirmium, which, from 1072 until the campaign of the emperor
61 Makk F, III. Bla s Biznc, 49, . 102.
.
62 , - XII ,
CCXIV, , 1954, 9, . 15.
63 . , . , 196-197; .
1167. , , 55.
.

394

Manojlo Komnin in 1164, was deposited in the church of Saint Dimitrije in, todays Sremska
Mitrovica. This carrying of the hand was, maybe, repercussion of the inner church circumstances in Hungary, related to moving the Episcopate to Vienna.
In the next half of the century there were no conflicts between Hungary and Byzantine,
where Ni played certain role. At that time, the crusaders were passing through the city at the
Niava River, the city was facing other problems and even tema (administration unit in the
Empire) was founded, which was named Ni.
The next big war was started by the emperor Jovan II Komnin in 1127. This war lasted
two years and according to Hungarian and other western sources, the Hungarian king Stefan
also conquered the city of Ni. Then, he broke through to Serdica (todays Sofia). We do not
have any data whether the city was and how much plundered, whether it was in the possession of Byzantine for some time or only temporarily. After two years of war, the peace was
concluded and Ni remained to be a part of Byzantine. According to the Byzantine sources
which state the Hungarian army movements, as well as the western sources, the conclusion is
that in 1127 Nis was under the Hungarian authority for the second time.
In the times of the emperor Manojlo Komnin (1143-1180), the period of Komnin
experiences the biggest rise. In the fifties of the XII century, Ni was the main military base,
where from the emperor himself commanded the war with Hungary and even spent some
time in the city. In the following decades, Serbia also started getting stronger reigned by
Stefan Nemanja, and the Byzantine army, through Ni, being an important strategic point,
moved towards Hungary and Raka.
In the times of the king Bela III, a Byzantine student, there was peace for some time,
but death of the king Manojlo and inner conflicts in Byzantine initiated new wars. In 1183
during Hungarian campaign, Belgrade, Branievo, Ni and Sofia were conquered. The conquering of Nis was also certified by the sources. This campaign also had one religious notion- relics of St. Jovan Rilski were taken away to Ostrogon. Maybe in 1185 Ni was also
possessed by Hungarians but this datum is not reliable. The king Bela was endangering
Byzantine at that time, and, indirectly, it is possible that he was also holding the valley of the
Morava River.
City of Ni, being rich and, primarily, city of strategic importance, played an important role in defense of the Byzantine Empire, but also in Hungarian conquering. Besides
having military and political, it also played an important ecclesiastical role, as an Episcopal
center.