Immunology
Primary defences — non-specific
‘Mucous membranes — goblet cel secrete
mucus which traps patiles/pathogens
that are then removed by cated oe.
‘ Koratnses dead! skin cells prevent erty
into the bocy by pathogens.
pathogons that ao ingest
‘Secondary defences — non-specific
‘ Mecropheges in lung tissue engulr
pathogens (phagocytosis)
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Secondary defences — pectic
Humoral (8 iymphootes)
asm 3 calls — produce antibodies
+ Memory 3 cells — recognise seme pltozen on subsequent
lnvectens
‘cetemectated (7 Iympnoytes)
Kr T cols — cesticy infected cols
«Helper T ells — signa to 8 hmphooytes
‘Memory | cells — recognise same pathogen on subsoquont
infeetons
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Clcnal selection — the selztion and activation of 2 specific
2 ymphecyte with a spec fic complementary event tothe antigen
hen the recepor binds te the enligen
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Clone! expansior’prolifeation — once actveted specific
B lymahocytes die by mito to form ccnes of heriselves al with
the abit to recognise te same antizen
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In-3celhmediated primary response T ymchocites undergo clonal
selection nc acivation, clonal expansion and aifferenation
Iprocuces memory, ker and helver Teal)
‘Vaccinations
‘Ntemtes microorgonism proves 2 source of ntigens.
Cell signaling/eommunication
+ Ofkines (og, ntnouking) rleasod by Rtpr T cos
{ettimutte &lmpheytes to dv by tas.
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replication within host esses é
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Maintaining immunity
Immunity may be lost when 2 person leaves an ates
where the pathogen is prevalent since the Hkeliiaoe of
‘being expocod tothe seme antgon is dcreased and the
Immune system needs exposure to the antigen every now
ane then to maintain immunity
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