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Immunology Primary defences — non-specific ‘Mucous membranes — goblet cel secrete mucus which traps patiles/pathogens that are then removed by cated oe. ‘ Koratnses dead! skin cells prevent erty into the bocy by pathogens. pathogons that ao ingest ‘Secondary defences — non-specific ‘ Mecropheges in lung tissue engulr pathogens (phagocytosis) ‘Neutrophils engul’ pathogens in ‘od end in issue Pha eatootleneuts “B-38 besten to for vane Vesicle ses wa hosome Iysoeemal snares rls fem the omar ogent Paco nthe phezsae Secondary defences — pectic Humoral (8 iymphootes) asm 3 calls — produce antibodies + Memory 3 cells — recognise seme pltozen on subsequent lnvectens ‘cetemectated (7 Iympnoytes) Kr T cols — cesticy infected cols «Helper T ells — signa to 8 hmphooytes ‘Memory | cells — recognise same pathogen on subsoquont infeetons TATE parece rT ecaeree eee awed laa wen 7 Tp bodies ore mede by the Va gg two reat peal & “Noutralisation Antibodies not mace by: oul ered ee come ‘carsian | Antigen | ‘milk (passive natural), oF a a Peepers eee ca ‘passive artificial) 7 ee Primary immune response Nove! pathegen with novel antigen enters the beoy. Pathogen Is enguectphegonytosec and antigens ee resented onthe suece he macropnage/anigen-gneseting cel aia UES al “angers > Neat Clcnal selection — the selztion and activation of 2 specific 2 ymphecyte with a spec fic complementary event tothe antigen hen the recepor binds te the enligen Speci Beal attines Clone! expansior’prolifeation — once actveted specific B lymahocytes die by mito to form ccnes of heriselves al with the abit to recognise te same antizen Beellnat shud a oon +20 0. gucn Oo ro ieee a eaicaeain Cay uie aiietaa Pacman ascetics remain nthe befor «longtime to preuice 9 acondary immune response limmunologcal memo). This the humeral respons. In-3celhmediated primary response T ymchocites undergo clonal selection nc acivation, clonal expansion and aifferenation Iprocuces memory, ker and helver Teal) ‘Vaccinations ‘Ntemtes microorgonism proves 2 source of ntigens. Cell signaling/eommunication + Ofkines (og, ntnouking) rleasod by Rtpr T cos {ettimutte &lmpheytes to dv by tas. * Intereron inhibits val er Tce ‘saeoin replication within host esses é fete acmetes atret esains YG ier cos anc macto: anderen » 0 paps, neteaes Teron Sige presen G to bps, ne inresesthe resi "ye. ie is eters unprotected tel andveplcates| oe Incertron Inte ra replication & Maintaining immunity Immunity may be lost when 2 person leaves an ates where the pathogen is prevalent since the Hkeliiaoe of ‘being expocod tothe seme antgon is dcreased and the Immune system needs exposure to the antigen every now ane then to maintain immunity ose als Patrogn beter re sere ‘parse 4 “Naw vaccine nosc fr every ciferant antigen due to ‘the antibodies being specie aniigens Diologicalreviewonfine ‘+ Timo couse ofthe immune responsa is sii to that {alloying fest ifecten. omever, na symptoms Fathcgen has teen attenuates. See bitalevew vn: 4 Web inks for further reading» Inersctive quizzes * Specieaten inks * mmunetegy tut tipallan.ce.ahbologcaeview ee ge 19 ofl access deals fn eta the box on the rent fore grap ‘howng te time course, “Thos Paps ane th acomoarying online moras boon wrt by Catherine Haworth, Cardirl Nevren Clege, Lanes a

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