TOPIC 3: Revolutions in Latin & South America (1790-1848)

Study Guide

I. French Revolution: Third Estate (grievances?) initiate the French

Revolution; Reign of Terror (Maximilian Robespierre); King Louis XVI
beheaded; Republic established; Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
Citizen; impact on the rest of Europe and the other absolute monarchs?

II. Conservatives: disagreed with and feared the changes promoted by

the French Revolution; kings & queens who wanted to remain in power and
maintain control (ex. Congress of Vienna); wanted to continue to suppress
the masses (ex. Prince Klemons von Metternich)

III. Liberals: embraced the changes promoted by the French Revolution;

were empowered by the Enlightened philosophers who spoke about natural
rights and individual freedoms; worked with nationalists in a struggle against
conservatives

IV. Nationalists: promoted a sense of pride & patriotism in ones country

and the belief that everyone should be free and self-ruling; promoted
revolutions around the world for colonies to break away and be autonomous
(ex. Toussaint LOuverture in Haiti)

V. Toussaint LOuverture: ex-slave on the French colony of Saint

Dominque (Haiti); educated; general who led the slave uprising against the

French; became the Republics first president; betrayed and killed by

Napoleon Bonaparte

VI. Haitian Revolution: Causes? Motivation? How it played out or is

defined? How it compared to the French? Impact on other revolutions in
Latin & South America?

VII. Social Hierarchy in Spanish New World: pyramid of social classes;

tension between classes (ex. Peninsulares vs. creoles; Why a pyramid?)

VIII. Simon Bolivar: role in revolutions throughout Latin & South America;
nicknamed The Liberator; nationalist like LOuverture