3

3-1

200

1. ( Static Electricity )

2. ( Current Electricity )
(Conductor)
2
1)

3-2



2)

3
1

90



















3-3





(220 )

2


2
2 2

(Incandescent Lamp)


3-4

3.

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

1
2
2

7
3-5

1. ( muscular freezing )







( asphyxiation )
2. ( nerve block )
( temporary paresis )

3. ( cardiac arrest )

( external cardiac massage )
4. ( ventricular fibrillation )

50 1 20

( defibrillation )
5.




3-6

6.



200
1 5

1 3

7.

3-7

1.

5
4 - 6

1
70 3 30
4

2.

60 120
(mA) ( 1 1,000

3-8

()

0.5
-
0.5-2
-
2-10
-
5-25
-

25
-
50-200
-
100
- ()
0.5
100

120
1 5


1 5

.. (C.F. Dalziel)

(circuit breaker)


(National Electric
Safety Code)
3-9

(Ventricular Fibrillation)




50-500

..
2

3
2.1 (Perception of
Reaction Current)


0.3
60 1
0.5
1.1
0.7

2.2 (Let-go Current)

3 - 10

 16
10.5

2.3 (Lethal Current)

18

(Ventricular Fibrillation)

)
)
)
)
(shocking current)


3.

100,000-600,000
1,000
3 - 11


()
400-600
100

1,000
12,000

= x
= 12,000

= 1,000 ()

12,000 = x 1,000
12,000

=
= 12
1,000
1 1,000
= 12 x 1,000 = 12,000
12,000

4.

3 - 12







110 400




240


400-600 500
240

=
x
=
240
=
500
=
?

() =

= 240
500

= 0.48

= 480
480
50



24-25
3 - 13

 24
() 25
25

1,000 25

x 1,000

25
=
x 1,000 = 25
1,000

25


12
12
5.

220

3 - 14

F
1.0
1.0
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.7
1.3
1.5
0.7

80 mA
I

80
0.4
=

200 mA

...





10
50
1,000,000 = 1
4

3 - 15


1.

1.1




.
0.50

.

.
.

1.2


20
50 100
3 - 16


100 ( 20 )

1.3

1.4

.


.

1.5

1.6

3 - 17

2.

2.1




2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6
2.7

2.8

3 - 18

2.9

2.10

2.11

2.12


220 110

1000 50 60 Hz

(IEC 364-4-41)
2

2
1. (Direct Contact)
2. (Indirect Contact)

3 - 19

1.

1.1 (Insulation of Live Parts)

1.2 (Barrier or Enclosures)
(
)


1.3 (Obstacles)


1.4 (Placing Out of Reach)
2.5 1.25
( ... 2001 - 45
)

3 - 20

1.5 (Additional Protection by Residual

Current Devices)
4

30 mA ( ) (
10 msec.
150 mA
2. ()

4
2.1
)
()

)


g ()
g gas
g
g
g
)

( TN-C
)
2.2 ll (Double Insulation)

2.3 (Non-conduction Location)

2
( )

3 - 21

2.4 Earth-free Local Equipotential Bonding

()

2.5 (Electrical Separation)

(Safety Isolating
Transformer) motor-generator
2
1. 50V. (Safety Extra-low voltage
SELV) Safety Isolating Transformer

IEC / BSEN
61558-2-6
2. (Limitation of Discharge Energy)

3 - 22

(0)





()

4
1 (System Grounding)

(Solidly ground)
3 - 23


()

2 (Equipment Grounding
System)

()
1

Equipment Grounding Conductor (E.G.C.)

Protective Conductor ( P.E.)


()

3 - 24

3



4 (Sensitive Electronic Equipment
Grounding)

()
()

1.

3 - 25

2.
/
()


(
)

1.
2.

3 - 26

3.
()
4.
5.
(++)
6.

( PLUG )

1. (ELCB)

2. ( LOAD)
3. () 220 V
4.

-
- INSULATION

1. MULTIMETER
2.
3. RCD TESTER ()
- 0.5 ln , ln , 5 ln
4. LOOP IMPEDANCE TESTER

3 - 27

- LOOP IMPEDANCE
CB
5. APPLIANCE TESTER ()
-
- CLASS I CLASS II


.

(1) 2.4 1.5

(

)
(2) ()
(3)
.

(1)
(2)
(3)

(4)
(5)

(6)
(7)
(8)

3 - 28

.

(1) 150


2
(2)
(2.1)
(2.2)

(2.3)
(2.4)

(2.5) 2
(2.6)

(2.7)
(2.8)
1

50
2 2

(Grounding Conductor)
2 (Equipment Grounding Conductor)
(Grounding Electrode Conductor)

3 - 29


1.
1
()


2.
2


10 ..

.
.
.
1.8
20

. AC , MI MC
. (Busway)

3 - 30

()
()
..
..
35
10 ()

35
50
16

50
95
25

95
185
35
185
300
50
300
500
70
500
95
2
()

()
()
(..)
16
1.5
20
2.5
40
4
70-100
6-10
200
16
400
25
500
35
800
50
1,000
70
1,250
95
2,000
120
2,500
185
4,000
240
6,000
400
3 - 31

 2
1 ()

2
1
20
2
1.0 ..
2

(... 200 - 45)

3 - 32

(1)
(Main Bonding Jumper)
1 500 ..
12.5%

1

(2)
2

.
.

.

(Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker : ELCB)

-
- Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker : ELCB
- Ground Fault Circuit Interruper : GFCI
- Residual Current Device : RCD
- Residual Current Circuit Breaker : RCCB
(ELCB)

3 - 33

 I1
I2 I1 I2+I3
ELCB



ELCB

ELCB

CB

ELCB +

CB ()
()*

()*

()

3 - 34



1.


1.1 -
1.2
1.3

2.
2.1


2.2
3 - 35

2.3

2.4
2.5
2.6

(OC)
55
65
70
80
80
90

2.7
(Thermal Sensor)

(Over-current Protection)
Overload
Relay

... ( ...
2000 - 45)

3 - 36

50 12,000
12,000 33,000
33,000 69,000
69,000 115,000
115,000 230,000

2.40
3.00
3.30
3.90
5.30

****** 33,000
33,000 69,000
69,000 115,000
115,000 230,000

3.00
3.30
3.90
5.30

3 - 37

1.
- 1 2
1 1
- 3 4
3 1
2.
(... 2001-30)

- 1
, , 3
-
-
(Lock-Out , Tag-Out)





Patch Lock

3 - 38


3
1.

2. 90

3.

14
(... 2001 - 45)

-

-
2.5 5.00
-

-


1.80
- (
)
-
(Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)

- 1,000

3 - 39

4


(CPR)

1

()

3 - 40

1.

2. ()

3.

1.

2.

3 - 41

3.

12 - 15 (
20 - 30 )
4.

1.

(
)
2.

3.
2
1.5 - 2

4.

... 80 - 100

5. 15 2
4
6. 2 1

3 - 42

7. 1
() 100 - 200

5 1

1 - 2

3 - 43

1. :
2531
2. :
2531
3. :
2545
4.
2537 - 2538
5. Allison, William W. , Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters. CSI, Professional safety,
1975.
6. Cooper, Fordharm W. , Electrical Safety Engineer. 2nd ed. , England :
Butterworths, 1986.
7. Dalziel, C.F. and Lee R.W. , Evaluation of : Lethal Electrical Current. Trans IEE
Industry and General Application ; VIGA, 1968.
8. International Labour Organization. , Encylopedia of Occupational Health and
Safety. Vol.l , Geneva : International Labour Office, Lee, R.W. Death from
Electri Shock. Vo1.3 IEE, 1966
9. Leonard, Milton. , The Crampdown on Electrical Hazard. , Professional Safety,
1975.
10. Mc Partland, Joseph F. , National Electrical Code Book. 18th ed. , London :
McGraw-Hill, 1975
11. Occupational Safety and Health center, Japan International Cooperation
Agency, Accident Prevention Manual for Electric Shock, 1991
12. Safety Manual for Mechanical Plant Construction , London : Kluwer Publishing,
1989
13. Standard Association of Australia. , Australia Standard 300-1981, SAA Wiring
Rules. Electrical Act Regulation : Queensland, Australia, 1947

3 - 44