Ckvemw Kwkvirxn: Nne Kuay-Hn-Nm-C-ßƒ

Ckvemw kwkvIrXn
Nne kuay-hn-Nm-c-ßƒ
hmWn-Zmkv Ff-bm-hqcv
Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-t°mSv, Xncp-h\
- ¥
- ]
- p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Xriq¿, IÆq¿
hmWn-Zmkv Ff-bm-hqcv
1935 Pq¨ 4˛\v IÆq¿ Pn√-bn¬ Ff-bm-hq¿ F∂ {Kma-Øn¬
P\n®p. ]nXmhv Fw.hn. IrjvW≥\-ºym¿. amXmhv ]Sn-™m-td-
ho-ń¬ AΩmfpAΩ. 36 h¿jsØ A[ym-]-\-Øn-\p-tijw
IqSmfn sslkvIq-fn¬\n∂v dn´-b¿ sNbvXp. hnin-„m-[ym-]-I-
\p≈ cmjv{S-]-Xn-bpsS Ahm¿Uv e`n-®n-´p≠v. kwKw hmcnI,
Xmfw ss{Xam-knI, tkmjy-enÃv hyq kmbmlv\ Zn\]{Xw
F∂n-hb - psS ]{Xm-[n-]c - m-bn-cp∂p. Nne-sºmen, Nµ-\s - sØew,
Im¬Nn-e-¶, IY]d-bp∂ tIme-Øp-\mSv, IY-sNm-cn-bpw-\mSv,
IY-I-fp-d-ßp∂ IS-temcw, GI-I-t_m-[n-\n, IY-I-fpsS \mSv,
hnNm-c-ta-Je, hS-°≥ sFXn-ly-am-e, {]kwKw Hcp Ie,
PnlmZv kXy-th-Z-Øns‚ Bfl-`m-hw, acp-`q-an-bn¬ ]nd∂ alm-
a-\p-jy≥, Jp¿-B≥ efn-Xk - m-cw(-kl - {- K-ŸI
- m-c≥), {]hm-NI
- I
- -
Y-Iƒ XpS-ßnb {KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv. kmln-Xy-kmw-kvIm-
cnI hnZym-`ymk cwK-ß-fp-ambn D‰ _‘w. {it≤-b-\mb {]`m-
j-I≥ IqSn-bm-Wv. tIcf k¿°m-cns‚ sSIvÃv _pIv IΩ‰n, kne-
_kv Chm-tez-j≥ IΩ‰n, _me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v,
Xp©≥kvam-cI amt\-PnMv IΩ‰n, t\j-\¬ Iu¨kn¬ t^m¿
ssN¬Uv FUyqt°-j≥ \n¿hm-lI kanXn, tIcf {KŸ-imem
kwLw AssUz-kdn t_m¿Uv F∂n-h-bn¬ AwK-am-bn-cp∂p.
cN- \ - b n¬ Hc- \ p- i o- e \w F∂ {]_- ‘ - Ø n\v
F≥.kn.C.B¿.Snbp-sSbpw GI-I-t_m-[n\n F∂ {KŸ-Øn\v
C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v FUyqt°-j-s‚bpw Jp¿-Bs‚ ap∂n¬ hn\-
bm-\znXw F∂ IrXn°v Xncp-h\ - ¥
- ]
- pcw apkvenw Atkm-kn-tb-
j-s‚bpw Ahm¿Uv e`n-®n-´p≠v. IpsshØv sI.-Fw.-kn.-kn.-
bpsS kn.-F®v. apl-ΩZv tImb satΩm-dn-b¬ Ahm¿Uv, ssakq¿
ae-bmf Iem-km-lnXy thZn-bpsS ssIcfn Ahm¿Uv, sI.-kn.
A_vZp√ auehn Nmcn-‰-_nƒ ût≠-j≥ Ahm¿Uv, Cµn-cm-
Km‘n kZv`m-h\m ]pc-kvImcw XpS-ßnb AwKo-Im-c-ßƒ t\Sn-
bn-´p-≠v.
`mcy: sI.Fw. btimZ
a°ƒ: Aa¿\mYv, APnXv Ipam¿, btim-[-c≥, [¿tΩ-{µ≥.
hmWn-Zmkv Ff-bm-hqcv F∂Xv Xqen-Im-\maw.
icn-bmb t]cv KwKm-[-c≥ \ºym¿ ]n.hn.
hnemkw: IrjvW-]pcw, Ff-bm-hqcv, IÆq¿ ˛ 670 594
{]km-[I
- °
- p-dn∏v
Imew \nc- h [n Z¿i- \ - ß - s fbpw {]Xy- b - i m- k v { - X ß-
sfbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. Ht´sd hnπ-h-ßƒ I≠n-´p-
≠v. F∂m¬ am\h Pohn-X-Øns‚ apgp-ta-J-e-I-sfbpw
AKm-[-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw kaq-e-ambn ]cn-h¿Øn-
∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Ckvem-am-Wv. AXns‚ kv]¿i-
ta¬°mØ Hcp hihpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-en-√. hnizm-
kw, Pohn-X-ho-£-Ww, kz`m-hw, kao-]\w, k{º-Zm-bw,
s]cp-am-‰w, hy‡n-Po-hn-Xw, IpSpw-_-L-S-\, kmaq-ly-hy-
h-ÿ, kmwkvIm-cnI cwKw, cmjv{So-b-˛-`-cW taJ-e-Iƒ
XpSßn F√m- ‰ nepw AXv i‡- a mbn CS- s ]- S p- I bpw
ssZhn-I-Z¿i-\-Øn-s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]p\x-kw-hn-[m-
\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-eqsS ]n∂n´ \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse
]pcp-jm-¥-c-ßƒ°v {]im-¥n ]I-cm\pw Ah-cpsS Pohn-
X-Øn¬ hnip-≤n- hn-f-bn-°m-\pw Ckvem-an\p km[n-®p.
C∂pw P\-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ apgp-ta-J-e-I-fnepw Ckvem-an-
s\- t ∏mse CS- s ]- S p∂ Hcp Z¿i- \ tam {]Xy- b - i m-
kv{Xtam C√. hy‡n-bpsS hnNm-c-hn-Im-c-ß-fnepw BNm-
cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn-ep-sa-∂-t]mse \S-Ø-Ønepw Ccp-Ø-
Ønepw Dd-°nepw DW¿®-bnepw Xo\n-epw IpSn-bnepw
Nn¥-bnepw Nncn-bnepw Ifn-bnepw Ipfn-bn-ep-sa√mw AXv
kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-Ibpw khn-ti-j-amb kwkvIrXn
cq]- s ∏- S p- Ø n- s b- S p- ° p- I bpw sNøp- ∂ p. ssZh- h - N - \ -
ßƒ°v {]hm-N-I-Po-hnXw kΩm-\n® {]mtbm-KnI amXr-
I-bn-eq-sS-bmWv CXv km[n-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.
{]hm-NI Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]Im-i-[m-c-bn¬ aZo-\-bn¬
cq]w-sIm≠ amXr-Im-k-aq-lhpw cmjv{Shpw F√m A¿Y-
Ønepw Ak-Zr-ihpw AZzn-Xo-b-hp-am-Wv. Cu alm-hn-
kva-bw Fßs\ km[n-®p-sh∂v Akm-am-\y-amb BJym-
\-]mS-h-tØmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hnin-jvS-amb cN-\-
bm-Wn-Xv. F°m-e-sØbpw Fhn-S-sØbpw a\p-jy-k-aq-
l-Øn\v {]Imiw sXfn-bn-s®-Sp-°m≥ km[n-°p-amdv Ncn-
{X-Øn¬ thZ-sh-fn-®-Øns‚ tim`-]-c-Ønb aZo-\-bnse
amXr-Im-k-aq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Nn-{X-ß-fn-eqsS Ckvemw
kw-kvIr-Xnsb kaq-l-k-a£w ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ {KŸ-
Im-c≥ hmWn-Zmkv Ff-bm-hqcv hnkva-b-I-c-amw-hn[w hnP-
bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Cu {KŸw hmbn-°p∂ Gh¿°pw
t_m-[y-am-Ipw. ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ß-fpsS {]mam-Wn-I-X-bn-
se-∂-t]mse A]-{K-Y-\-Ønse bp‡n-`-{Z-X-bnepw Nmcp-
X-bnepw {KŸ-Im-c≥ Gsd {i≤-bq-∂n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hmb-
\-°m¿°v CXns‚ ]mcm-bWw Hcp ]pØ≥ A\p-`-h-
am-hm-Xn-cn-°n√.
˛ {]km-[-I¿
D≈-S°w
1. Xncp-∏n-d-hn-bpsS {]k‡n ............................................................. 13
2. P\-a-\- p-I-fn-eq∂n hf¿∂ ssZhnI Z¿-i\w ................... 19
3. Ime°d ]pc-fmØ ssIh-ey-kmcw ...................................... 24
4. aZo-\-bn-e-c-tß-dnb BZ¿i hnπhw ....................................... 28
5. shfn-]mSv hntijw.......................................................................... 39
6. Jp¿-B≥-˛-H-cm-eb ]cn-Nbw ........................................................ 47
7. Jp¿-Bs‚ Aam-\p-jn-IX ........................................................... 56
8. hmXn¬]m-fn-bn-eqsS AIw I≠-t∏mƒ ................................ 72
9. kXym-h-ew-_n-bmb aXw ............................................................. 82
10. Fs‚ k∂n-[n-b-W-bpI ............................................................. 87
11. ]q¿W-X-bn-te°v ............................................................................. 92
12. B a{¥-hm-°ns‚ lrZ-b-[z\n ................................................. 97
13. k¿h-k-a¿∏-W-am-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Znhy-Z¿i\w .................... 102
14. hninjvS ê-k-ar-≤-am-sbmcp hS-hr£w .......................... 106
15. Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS BZym-£-c-ßƒ ............... 109
16. [¿a-hn-{K-l-\mb {]hm-N-I≥ ................................................... 113
17. A\yq-\-amb PohnX hyhÿ ................................................. 121
18. \oXn-bn-eq-∂nb IpSpw-_-˛-km-º-ØnI kao-]\w .......... 127
19. IpSpw-_-˛-k-aql _m[y-X-Iƒ ................................................ 135
Ckvemw kwkvIrXn: Nne kuay-hn-Nm-c-ßƒ
20. Ad^bpsS A¿Y-k-º-∂X ................................................... 140

21. A\mY kwc-£Ww D]m-k-\-I-fn¬ DZmØw ................ 143
22. aZyw-˛-Xn-∑-I-fpsS amXmhv .......................................................... 149
23. kmº-ØnI k¥p-en-X-Xz-Øn-\p≈ kuaykwcw`w .... 154
24. kln-jvWp-X-bpsS kap-∂X ss]XrIw .......................... 162
25. shfn-®-Øns‚ cmP-ho-Yn-bn-eqsS ............................................ 171
26. Nne {]Imi Inc-W-ßƒ .......................................................... 180
27. Ckvemw \bn® {]Imi hnπhw ........................................... 189
28. Hcp hn{ip-X-\m-K-cn-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v ........................................ 203
8
hmXn¬]m-fn-bn-eqsS IuXp-I]
- q¿hw
a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ ]q¿W-X-bn-te°pw ]mc-am¿Yn-I-X-bn-te°pw \bn-
°m≥ aXw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-∂p. hy‡nhnip-≤n-bn-eq-sS, Ahs‚ I¿a-
{]-]©- Ø- nse [¿a-]c- X - b
- n-eqsS hnizmkw Ahs\ apt∂m´p \bn-°p-
∂p. {]]-©s- a-∂Xv \∑-Xn-∑I - f- p-sSbpw [¿am-[¿a-ßf- p-sSbpw kwLm-
X-am-Wv. sX‰p-Ifpw icnIfpw hn[n-hn-e-°p-Ifpw Iqń-°p-g-°-s∏-´,
k¶o¿Whpw _lp-e-hp-amb {]]-©-Po-hn-X-ÿ-en-bn¬ shfn®w
]S¿Øm\pw t\¿hgn \bn-°m\pw {]hm-NI hN- p-Ifpw thZ-{K-Ÿ-
ßfpw {]tbm-P\ - s- ∏-Sp-∂p. At∏mƒ, A\p-`h - t- h-Zy-sa-¶nepw Ahy-‡hpw
AZr-iy-hp-amb Cuiz-co-b-{]-Xn-`m-k-ßsf sXfn-®p-Im-ń, Pohn-XsØ
DW¿Øn-bp-b¿Øn, hn`m-hn-Xe - £- y-ßf- psS imZze `qX-eØ - n-te°v Xncn-
®-dn-hns‚ shfn-®t- aIn \bn-°p∂ thZ-{KŸw k¿hm-Zc- W - o-ba- m-Wv.
Jp¿-Bs‚ lrZ-b-`mhw AYhm tI{µ-_nµp a\p-jy-\m-Wv. a‰v aX-
Z¿i-\ß - f- p-ambn kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Jp¿-B≥ kq£n-®p-t]m-cp∂
a\pjy Pohn-X_ - ‘w k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-bm-sW∂p ImWmw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv
Ak-ln-jvWp-°-fmb Nne \ncq-]I a\- p-Iƒ, Ckvemw Z¿i-\sØ
"ùXn-Ia- Xw' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂X - v. A{X-ta¬ Xo{hhpw ZrVhpw cqV-
hp-amb a\p-jy-Po-hnX _‘-Øns‚ A\p-Km-\-am-WXv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-
Xv. krjvSn-®p, hntij _p≤n-b-cp-fn, {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-®p, thZ-{K-
Ÿ-taIn ˛ a\p-jys\ ]q¿W-Xb - n-te°v \bn-°p-∂, ssZh-ZØ - a- mb Hcp
kºq¿W Pohn-X] - ≤
- X
- n-bm-WX- v.
thZ- { KŸw hnSp¿Øn°m´p∂ Bi- b - h n- t i- j - ß sf Hcp
hmXn¬]mfn-bn-eqsS IuXp-I]
- q¿hw t\m°n-°m-Wp-Ib
- mWv Rm≥.
hmWn-Zmkv Ffbmhqcv
9
Xn-cp-∏n-d-hn-bpsS {]k‡n
Nne hntij hn`m-h-\-I-tfmsS ssZhw
a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®p.
{kjvSm-hns‚ hn`m-h-\-Isf km£m¬°-cn-°m≥
a\p-jys\ {]m]vX-\m-°-Ww.
hn`m-h-\-I-sf-°p-dn®v Ahs\ sXcy-s∏-Sp-ØWw
Ahs\ t\¿hgn ImWn-°-Ww.
Ah∂v hgn-sh-fn®w \¬IWw
AXn-\m-bn, Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬
tZim-tZ-i-ß-fn¬
ssZhw {]hm-N-I-∑msc Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p.
{]tZ-i-ßƒ hyXy-kvX-ßƒ
{]iv\-ßƒ hyXn-cn-‡-ßƒ
P\-]-Z-ßƒ hn`n-∂-ßƒ
{]t_m-[-I-∑m¿, {]hm-N-I-∑m¿
hyXy-kvX-cm-Ip-∂Xv kzm`mhn-Iw.
\ΩpsS ]q¿hn-I-cpsS Imew
A∂v, a\p-jy-Po-hnXw efn-Xhpw kc-f-hp-am-bncp-∂p.
kmaq-ln-I-amb {]iv\-k-¶p-e-X-I-sfm∂pw A∂n-√.
⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-ßfpw aX-Z¿i-\-ßfpw
Dƒs°m-≈m≥ t]mcp-amdv a\p-jy-_p≤n
A∂v, A{X-bvs°m∂pw hnI-kn-®n-cp∂n-√.
A∂pw {]hm-N-I∑msc Ab-°m\pw
shfn-]m-Sp-I-f-dn-bn-°m\pw ssZhw ad-∂n-√.
BZysØ a\p-jy≥Xs∂ Hcp {]hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp∂p!
Ipd™ Imcy-ßtf A∂-dn-bn-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.
10
AXpw \nd™ sshi-Zy-tØmsS

F√m-h¿°pw ssZhw H∂v
PohnXw Chn-sS-Øo-cp-∂n-√,
ac-Wm-\-¥-chpw XpS-cp∂p.
Chn-S-sØ -Po-hn-X-hr-Øn-I-tfXpw
AhnsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Spw.
a\p-jy≥ amdn-s°m-t≠-bn-cp∂p
]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ IY-b-Xm-W-t√m.
Pohn-X-{]-iv\-ßƒ k¶o¿W-ß-fmbn
amdn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ kaq-l-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬
]t£, amdmØ alm-k-Xy-hp-ambn
{]hm-N-I∑m¿ h∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p.
KXm-K-Xhpw hm¿Øm-hn-X-c-Whpw
C∂-sØ-t∏mse C√m-Xn-cp∂ ]≠p-Im-eØv
a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw-˛-k-map-Zm-bn-I-Po-hn-Xw˛
XnI®pw H‰-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
]t£, Ah¿ kmº-Øn-I-ambn
kzbw]cym-]vX-cm-bn-cp∂p
Hmtcm P\-]-Z-Øn\pw Hmtcm {]hm-N-I≥
Hmtcmtcm thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ
ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cm-sW-¶nepw
ChnsS {]hm-N-I≥am¿ XΩn¬
kº¿°-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
{]hm-N-I≥, thZ-{KŸw, {]tZiw
Aßs\ Hmtcm {]tZ-ihpw P\-]-Zhpw
H‰-s∏-´p-I-gn-™p, Gsd-°m-ew.
hm¿Øm-hn-X-c-W-ku-I-cy-ßƒ h¿[n-®-t∏mƒ
cmjv{S-ßfpw h≥I-c-Ifpw At\ym-\y-a-dn-bm\pw
sIm≠pw sImSpØpw Ign-bm\pw XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ
Hcp IpSpw-_w -t]mse ]c-kv]cw
lrZ-b-_-‘-ß-fp-d-∏n-°m\pw
Pohn-X-]p-tcm-K-Xn°v Iq´mb Pohn-X-am-Wv
A`n-Imayw F∂-dn-bm\pw XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ
]cn-ko-an-X-amb {]mtZ-in-I-X-°-∏p-dØp
hniz-am-\-hnI t_m[w hf¿Øm\pw
11
temI-Ip-Spw_w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw
Hcp temI-aXw {]k-‡-am-sW∂pw
A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂pw h∂p.
hn`m-Ko-b-X-°-dpXn hc-W-sa-¶n¬
hniz-km-tlm-Z-cy-t_m[w
a\p-jy-a-\- p-I-fn-e-¶p-cn-∏n-°-Ww.
Hcp temI-a-X-Øns‚
Xfn¿\mºv hncn-bp-∂Xhn-sS-bmWv
Hcm-Wn¬\n∂pw s]Æn¬\n∂pw
]nd-∂-XmWv a\p-jy-cm-in-sb∂v
B aX-Z¿i-\-ap-W¿Øn-b-t∏mƒ
PmXn-a-X-h¿K-h¿W t`Z-ß-fpsS
Npcp-fp-I-f-gn-™p-Xp-S-ßn.
km¿h-P-\o-\-amb B \ho-\- am-\h Z¿i-\-Øns‚
{]tLmjI-\mbn Atd-_y-bnse
apl-Ω-Zn-s\-bmWv ssZhw sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv.
""\mw CXv Ad-_n-bn-ep≈
Jp¿-B-\mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p.''
thZ-{K-Ÿhpw ]nd-∂p.
A\p-kyqXw XpS¿∂p-t]m∂ {]hm-N-I-]-c-º-c-bn¬
A¥y-{]-hm-N-Is‚ Xncp-apJw ImWp-∂Xv
Atd-_y-bn-emWv; ImtW-≠Xpw Ahn-sS-bm-Wv.
]m]-I¿a-ß-fp-tSXpw ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øn-t‚-Xp-amb
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ PohnX kz`m-h-ambn
A\p-h¿Øn-®p-t]m-cp-∂-h-cpsS
Ccp-fm≠ `qJfiw.
PqX-a-X-Ønt\m ss{IkvX-hXt°m
AXn-tem-e-amb Xqh¬kv]¿iw t]mep-ap-≠m-°m≥
Ign-™n-ń-√mØ Hc-]-cn-jvIrX P\-X-bpsS
Ccp-fm≠ `qJfiw!
PqX-˛-ss{I-kvX-h-a-X-ßƒ aqe-t{km-X- n¬\n˛
∂I∂v ImSvIb-dn-t∏m-b -Imew.
tbip{In-kvXp-hn-s\bpw amXm-hn-s\bpw
CuizcXz-Øns‚ Znhymw-_-c-a-Wn-bn®v
ssZh-hn-{K-l-ß-fm°n ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n®v
"tXmd' F∂ ]gb\nb-a-Øn¬ ambwtN¿Ø
12
A`n-i-]vXX-bpsS Imew.
PqXaX-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚
Im¬Ø-f-°n-ep-°hpw hmfp-e-®-epta
tIƒ°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.
sshb-‡n-I-amb Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°-\p-Kp-W-am-bn,
AhnsS \S-Ønb "Fgp-Xn-t®¿°-ep-Ifpw
shń-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifpw' ANn¥yw!
ssZhn-I-a-X-ßƒ ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn-t‚-Xmbn˛
∏cn-W-an-®- Z-im-k‘n!
ItØm-en-°m-tZ-hm-e-b-ß-fn¬
tbip-{In-kvXp-hm-Wm-cm-[n-°-s∏-´Xv!
k¿th-iz-c≥ AhnsS hnkva-cn-°-s∏´p
]p{X-kva-c-W-bpsS Kcn-a-bn¬
Xnc-kvIr-X-\mb ]nXmhv!
"ssZh-Øns‚ Zpc-h-ÿ'-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p
AYhm ssZh-Z-Ø-amb aX-ß-fp-tSbpw!
AXmWv Ime-Xew.
A∂mWv Atd-_y-bn¬
A£-cm-\p-`-h-an-√mØ Hcmƒ Ah-Xo¿W-\m-Ip-∂-Xv.
B acp-∏-d-ºn¬, A∂v
hnZym-e-b-ßfpw Iem-im-e-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
]t£, ]m]w kI-e-cq-]-ß-fnepw {]Xy-£-s∏´v
Dd-™m-Sn-°-gn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
""P\-ß-fpsS Ic-ßƒ {]h¿Øn-®-Xp-\n-anØw
Ic-bnepw IS-enepw hn\m-iw
{]Xy-£-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p'' (Jp¿-B≥ 30: 41).
I®h-S-°m-cy-hp-am-bn, Ab¬-\m-Sp-I-sfms°
kµ¿in-°m-\-h-kcw e`n-®-t∏mgpw
apl-Ω-Zns‚ a\- n¬ Hcp [mcW
sXfn-™p-Xs∂ \n∂p.
Fs‚ Atd-_y-bmWv kI-em¿Y-Ønepw
Ccp-fm≠v InS-°p-∂Xv.
Ipń-°m-etØ apl-Ω-Zns‚ a\- ns\
s\mº-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂ Nn{X-aXm-bn-cp∂p
Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw _lp-ssZ-hXzØn-s‚bpw
13
Cu alm-‘-Im-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v
ap‡n km[n-®n-s√-¶n¬
k¿h-\miw Gsd AI-se-bs√∂ tXm∂¬
apl-Ω-Zns‚ kzmÿyw sISp-Øn.
ssZhw apl-Ω-Zns\ Is≠-Øn,
{]hm-N-I-Xz-ta¬]n-®p-˛-A-¥y-{]-hm-N-I-Xzw.
Hcp henb Npa-Xe Xs‚
Npa-en¬ Ib-‰n-sh-°-s∏-´-Xp-t]m-semcp tXm∂¬.
kl-Pm-X-cnepw kaq-l-Ønepw
kq£vaamb, ka-{K-amb Hcp am‰w.
Aip-≤n-bn¬ hnip≤n hnf-bn-°pI
ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øn¬
AkvXn-Xz-t_m-[-Øns‚ Xncn-sIm-fp-ØpI
At\IssZhm-cm-[-\-bpsS Ie-]neIfn¬
GI-ssZ-h-Xz-Øns‚ a{¥[z-\n-bp-W¿Øp-I.
hnizm-k-th-Zn-bnepw I¿a-]-Y-Ønepw
a\pjyhn`m-h-\-I-fn¬t]m-ep-ap≈ am‰w
AIØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ Agn-®p-]-Wn-b¬
t\cn-te-°p≈ hgn-Im-´¬-˛-C-cp-ń¬\n∂v
shfn-®-Øn-te-°p≈ KXn-am‰w
{]hm-N-I-Zu-Xy-a-Xm-Wv.
ssiYneyØn\pw hn`m-Ko-b-X-°p-a-∏p-dØv
GI-tbm-K-t£-a-Øn-\p≈
ssZhn-I-Zu-Xyw.
ka-kvX-hn-`m-Ko-b-X-tbbpw ambv®p-I-f-™p-sIm≠v
hniz-am-\-hn-I-Xbpw a\p-jy-km-tlm-Z-cyhpw
hnf-bn-s®-Sp-°m≥ t]mcp∂
Hcp hniz-almZ¿i-\-Øns‚
DZvLm-S-\-a-lm-alw Ipdn-°m-\p≈
ka-b-am-bn.
AXns‚ Xncp-∏n-d-hn°v
Atd-_y-tb-°mƒ ]‰nb as‰mcp aÆn-√.
Ccp-fp-d™ ÿe-ØmWv
shfn-®-Øns‚ then-tb-‰-ap-≠m-th-≠-Xv.
t\mhe-dp∂ t\c-ØmWv
14
kam-izm-k-Øns‚ Xqh¬kv]¿iw- kw-K-X-am-hp-∂Xv

\oc-dp-Xn-bn-em-Wv
Pe-[m-c-bpsS Xnf-°-a-dn-bpI.
C√m-bva-bn-emWv
kar-≤n-bpsS anIhv ImtW-≠-Xv.
Atd-_y-bn-emWv {]hm-N-Is‚
Xncp-∏n-dhn {]k-‡-am-Ip-∂Xv.
15
P\-a-\- p-I-fn-eq∂n hf¿∂ ssZhnIZ¿i\w

\ndhpw {]Imihpap≈ `c-W-IqSw A∂v temI-sØm-cn-SØp-ap-≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-√. Hu∂-Xyhpw {]`m-h-hp-sa√mw KX-Ime IY-I-fmbn am{Xw
A\pkva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-amdv A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-bmsI [m¿an-I-ambpw ss[j-
Wn-I-ambpw XI¿∂p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. Pmln-enøm Imew F∂v AXns\
Ncn{Xw hnti-jn-∏n-®Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
A{_-lm-ans‚ am¿K-Øn¬\n∂pw auen-I-X-bn¬\n∂pw hyXn-N-
en® PqX -ss{I-kvXh aX-ßƒ-˛-A-td-_y-bn¬ PqX-ss{I-kvXh aX-
ßƒ°v thtcm´w h∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Bflmhv
\jvS-s∏´v Ah -£-tbm-∑p-J-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p˛ Ggmw \q‰m-≠m-Ip-
tºm-tg°pw Atd_y-bn¬ tIhew Ncn-{X-kvam-c-I-ß-fmbn amdn-°-
gn-™n-cp-∂p. \nc-£-c-amb Hc-‘-k-aq-l-Øn¬ hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw
_lpssZh-hn-izm-khpw F{X-ta¬ A\¿Y-Im-cn-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-
sa∂v Ah¿ sXfn-®p-Im-ń. ""\mem-bncw sIm√w sIm≠v ]Sp-Øp-
b¿Ønb \mK-cn-IX inYn-eo-I-cWw t\cn-Sp-I-bm-sW∂pw \nb-a-{I-
a-ßƒ A⁄m-X-am-hp-Ibpw Hmtcm h¿Khpw hn`m-Khpw a‰p-≈-h-tbmSv
FXn-cn-SpIbpw sNøp∂ Incm-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-te°v a\p-jy¿ Xncn-®p-t]m-
hp-I-bm-sW∂pw A∂v tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂p'' F∂v {]Jym-X- N-cn-{X-Im-c-
\mb tUhn-k¨ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.(Emotion as the basis of Civi-
lization)
""BZy-Im-esØ DXvIr-jvShpw DZm-c-hp-amb km∑m¿KnI ]≤-Xn-
bpsS ÿm\Øv A‘-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ _men-i-X-I-fmWv Ac-tß-
dn-b-Xv'' F∂v A°m-e-sØ-∏‰n hneyw aq¿ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v.(Life
of Muhamad)
""A]-hm-Z-ßfpw Iem-]-ßfpw tNmc-s®m-cn-®n-ep-Ifpw \nXy-kw-`-
16
h-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ aX-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ {][m\ ]¶v hln-®p. CØcw

kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ am\p-jn-Ihpw ssZhn-I-hp-amb \nb-a-ß-sf√mw Nhn-ń-
b-c-°-s∏-´p. tZhm-e-b-ßfpw AƒØm-c-Ifpw IpSn-e-amb sIme-]m-
X- I - ß - f m¬ aen\- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. hnip- ≤ tam A[x- ] - X - \ - Ø n¬\n∂v
hntam-Nn-Xtam Bb Hscm‰ thZn-bp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p'' F∂v Xs‚ Spirit
of Islam F∂ {KŸ- Ø n¬ Aao¿ Aen A°me- s Ø- ∏ ‰n ]d-
bp∂p≠v.
""t\mhpw s\mº-c-hp-a\p`-hn-°p∂ P\-ßƒ°v kam-izmkw \¬In-
s°m≠v Hcp \qX\ kmaqly hyh-ÿn-Xn-bpsS AkvXn-hmcw sIń-
∏-Sp-°p∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ ss{IkvX-h-a-X-Øn\v Ign-
™n-√. Cu temIsØ Iog-S-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]mh-s∏-´-h¿°v t\XrXzw
sImSp-°m≥ AXv Iq´m-°n-bn-√. ]Icw tX\pw ]mepw Hgp-Ip∂ Hcp
adp-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ k¶¬]whgn AX-hsc h©n-°p-Ibm-bn-
cp- ∂ p. ss{Ikv X h aX- Ø ns‚ XI¿® IqSp- X ¬ Du¿P- k z- e - a mb
as‰mcp aX- Ø ns‚ cwK- { ]- t hiw Ncn- { X- ] - c - a mb
Hcmhiyam°nØo¿Øp'' F∂v C¥y-I≠ A]q¿hw Nne Po\n-b-
p-I-fn-sem-cm-fmb Fw.-F≥. tdmbv B Ime-L-´sØ hc-®p-Im-´m≥
{ian-®n-´p-≠v.
A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw kº-∂cpw ÿm]n-X-Xm¬]-cy-°mcpw a‰p kzm¿Yw-
`- c n- I fpw Agn- ™ m- S n- ° - g n™ B Ime- L - ´ - Ø n¬ \nc- £ - c - X bpw
\n -lm-b-Xbpw am{Xw ssIap-X-em-bp≈ kmam-\y-P\w Xßƒ°v
kam-izmkw \¬Im-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp hnizm-k-th-Zn-°p-th≠n ag sImXn-
®p-I-gn-bp∂ thgmº-ep-I-sf-t∏mse Akzmÿyw sIm≈p-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. A{_lmw hc-®p-Im-Wn® GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-sa-¶nepw ]pe¿∂p-
Im-Wm≥ sImXn® hdJ-Øp_v\p \u^¬, km_nØv XpS-ßnb
Nne hnip≤ a\- p-Iƒ "l\^n'*bpsS {]Nm-c-I-cmbn amdn-bXv {i≤n-
°-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv.
t\mhp-d™ a\- p-I-fn-em-Wv, Xo¿Y-Pew t]mse {]hm-N-I-h-N-
p-Iƒ BZy-am-sbm-gp-In-sb-Øn-b-Xv. Hcp ]pXnb {]`m-XØns‚ ]nd-
hn-t]m-se-bmWv {]hm-N-I≥ Ah-cpsS ap∂n-e-h-Xo¿W-\m-b-Xv. GI-
ssZ-h-hn-izm-khpw krjvSn-I-fn-ep≈ ka-Xz-Z¿i-\-hp-amWv kmam\y
P\sØ lTm-Zm-I¿jn-®-Xv. ASn-a-I-fnepw A[zm-\n-®p-I-gn-bp∂ kmam-
\y-P-\-Ønepw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´ kv{Xok-aq-l-Ønepw kXy-thZw Hcp
* Atd_y apgp-h≥ hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn¬ apgp-In-b-t∏m-gpw, C{_mlow \_n hn{K-lm-
cm-[-I-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂ ]c-º-cm-KX Adn-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ GI-ssZ-h-hn-
izmkw ]pe¿Øn-b-h¿°mWv l\o-^p-Iƒ F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
17
]pØ≥ Im‰p-t]mse ]S¿∂p-ho-in. kmam-\y-ambn∏d-™m¬ kXy-

th- Z - Ø ns‚ Bi- b m- Z ¿i- ß fpw {]hm- N - I s‚ Pohn- X - h n- i p- ≤ nbpw
Ckvem-ans‚ i‡-amb {]Nm-c-W-Øn\v {]tNm-Z-I-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
hy‡n-kw-kvI-c-W-Øn-eqsS kmaq-lnI-hn-ip-≤nbpw euIn-I-Po-
hn-X-Øns‚ Hu¬IrjvSyw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ kmXzn-I-k-º∂Xbn-
eqsS ssZh- Ø ns‚ Xncp- k m- ∂ n- [ yhpw km£m¬°- c n- ° m- s a- ∂ p-
d∏pXcp∂ kXy-th-Z-sa∂ P\-Io-b- a-X-Z¿i\w i‡n-bpsS ]n¥p-
W-sIm-≠-√, P\-]-Z-ßƒ°p-≠mb A\p-`-h-th-Zy-amb t_m[yw-sIm-
≠mWv alm-`q-cn-]-£-Øns‚ lrZbw Ih¿∂-Xv.
At∂mfw aX-X-Øz-im-kv{X-ßƒ hyh-l-cn-®p-t]m∂ ipjvIhpw
hnc-k-hp-amb Bfl-hn-Zy-bpsS Bg-ß-fn-sem∂pw Dufn-bn´v k©-cn-
°p-hm≥ kXy-thZw Xm¬]cyw sIm≠n-√. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-amWv kXy-
th-Z-Øns‚ Ah-ew-_-hn-j-bw. Pohn-X-hn-P-b-amWv AXns‚ hn`m-hn-
X-e-£yw. Cl-]-c-ßƒ kmh-bhw _‘-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂p. ChnsS
{i≤n-®p-sIm-≠p-thWw AhnsS Pohn-X-hn-Pbw km£m¬°-cn-°m≥.
ChnsS {i≤n-°m-Ø-h\v AhnSw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. Pohn-XsØ \n m-
c-ambn Icp-Xp∂ Pohn-X-hn-cm-KnbpsS, P-Kfln-Yym-hm-Z-Øns‚ XØz-
Z¿i-\-a√ kXy-th-Zw. Ahn-—n-∂-amb Cu Pohn-X-_-‘-amWv kXy-
th-ZsØ kam-t«-jn-°m≥ kmam-\y-P-\sØ Bth-i-a-Wn-bn-®-Xv.
PohnX hnip-≤n-bn-eqsS km£m¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kmaq-lnIm-h-
ÿ-bpsS ]cn-jvI-c-WamWv {]hm-N-I≥ kp{]-[m-\-am-bn-°-≠-Xv. Pohn-
X-hn-ip≤n F∂Xv I¿a-hn-ip-≤n-X-s∂. I¿a-hn-ip≤n a\x-kw-kvI-c-
W-Øn-eqsS am{Xta ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-bq. GI-ssZ-h-Øn-ep≈ AN-
©-e-amb hnizm-khpw {hXm-\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw Zm\-[¿a-ßfpw kIm-
Øp-sa√mw \njvI¿jn-°-s∏-´Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. aX-sa∂pw Z¿i-
\-sa-∂p-sams° ]d-bp-∂Xv a\p-jys‚ Xe-°p-ap-I-fn-eqsS ]d-∂p-t]m-
Ip∂ hnc-k-amb A[ym-fl-hn-Zy-bm-sW∂v Dd-®p-I-cp-Xn-t∏m∂ Ime-
ØmWv {hXm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fp-sSbpw Zm-\-[¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw kIm-Øn-
s‚bpw Pnlm-Zn-s‚bpw {]m[m\yw tLmjn-®p-sIm≠v apl-ΩZv \_n
cwK-Øp-h-∂-Xv.
PmXn-h¿W hyh-ÿ-I-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kaq-l-ß-fm-Wv Gjy-
bn-sebpw B{^n-°-bn-sebpw cmPy-ß-fn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Cu hn`m-
Ko-b-X-Iƒ hcp-Øn-sh® Zpcn-X-ßfpw ZpxJ-ßfpw Zp¿h-l-ß-fm-bn-cp-
∂p. Ahn-S-ß-fn¬ A∂v \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ aXw htc-Wy-h¿K-ß-
fpsS ss[j-WnI hymbmaØn\v am{Xw t]mcp∂ A[ymfl hnZy-bm-
bn- c p- ∂ p. A£- c m- ` ym- k w- t ]mepw hi- a n- √ mØ kmam\yP\- Ø n\v
18
AXp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sm≥ km[n-®n-s√-¶nepw Ahsc [cn-∏n-®Xv euIn-

I-]-cm-`-h-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ tamN-\-Øn\pw Pohn-X-hn-P-b-Øn\pw "A[ym-
fl- h nZy'bmWv Htcsbmcp am¿Kw F∂m- b n- c p- ∂ p. H∂p- a - d n- b mØ
Bń≥]‰-ß-sf-t∏mse CS-bs‚ Np≈n-t°mev \bn-°p∂ Zni-bn-
te°v P\w DcpΩn \S-∂p. {]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-Ønse \·-bm-Ym¿Yy-
ßsf sXm´p-X-temSn kam-iz-kn-∏n-°m≥ t]mcp∂ H∂pw Ah¿°-
\p-`-h-s∏-ń-√. \nKq-V-X-Iƒ \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ At⁄-b-amb Hcp
hnNm-c-km-{am-Py-am-bn-cp∂p aX-]-cn-th-j-a-Wn-bn-°-s∏´ A∂sØ
"A[ym-fl-Nn¥.' A°m-e-ØmWv kXy-th-Z-sØ-°p-dn®v Ah-c-dn-bp-
∂-Xv. \nc-£-c-\p-t]mepw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw Pohn-X-bm-
Ym¿Yy-ßsf sXm´p-gn™v t\mhp∂ a\p-jym-flm-hn\v km¥z-\-a-cp-
fm≥ t]m∂-Xp-amb Hcp ]pXnb Pohn-X-Z¿i-\-amWv kXy-th-Z-Øn¬
kmam\y P\w I≠-Xv. X´p-Ifpw h¿W-t`-Z-ßfpw PmXn-hy-Xym-k-
ß-fp-amWv Xß-sf-b-e-´p∂ kmaq-lnIZpx-J-ß-sf∂v t_m[y-s∏´ Hcp
Xe-apd bYm¿Y hntam-N-\-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ ka-Xz-Z¿i-\-ambn
kXy-th-ZsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´p. AXn-e-h¿ Xo¿Øpw BIr-jvS-cm-bn.
kmam-\y-P-\sØ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw XnI®pw At⁄-bhpw A\-
`nImayhpw Pohn-X-_m-ly-hp-amb A[ym-fl-hn-Zybp-am-bp≈ _‘-hn-
tOZw Hcp {]iv\-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¥p-sIm≠v kmam\y P\sØ kXy-
thZw i‡n-bmbn kzm[o-\n®p F∂-Xn\v hni-Zo-I-cWw tXtS-≠Xv
Ahn-S-ß-fnse Ak-¥p-en-X-amb kmaqly cmjv{Sob kml-N-cy-ß-
fn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Fw.-F≥ -tdmbv, apkvenw tbm≤m-hns‚
hmfn- s \- ° mfpw Ckv e m- a ns‚ ka- X z- Z ¿i- \ - a m- b n- c p∂p kmam- \ y- P -
\sØ kam-I¿jn-®-sX∂pw tdmanepw ss_km‚n-b-bnepw t]¿jy-
bnepw C¥y-bnepw \ne-\n∂ PmXn-˛-h¿W hyh-ÿ-I-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-
amb kaq-l-ß-fnse a¿Z-\-\n-b-a-ß-fp-ambn Ah¿ Ckvem-an-Im-Z¿i-
ßsf Xmc- X - a y- s ∏- S p- Ø p- I - b m- b n- c p∂p F∂pw tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b Xv
(Historical Role of Islam). hmfns‚ QW¬°m-c-a-√, kXy-th-Z-Øns‚
ka-Xz-`m-h-\-bmWv kmam\y P\sØ B-I¿jn-®-Xv.
]Xn\mev \q‰m-≠ns‚ ]S¿∂ Ime-X-ew. CXn-\Iw ]e Zni-I-
fn¬\n∂pw kt_m-[-amb B{I-a-Whpw Xa-kvI-c-W-{i-ahpw Ckvemw
Z¿i- \ - Ø n- \ p- t \sc kS- I p- S - ™ n- ´ p- ≠ v . A\p- N - c - ∑ m- c psS A{i- ≤ -
sIm≠pw A\h-[m-\-X-sIm≠pw Ckvem-an-I-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ A¥- m-
c-hp-ambn A`n-c-an-°p-∂-Xnep≈ hn{]-Xn-]-Øn-sIm≠pw kXy-Z¿i-\-
Øns‚ apJIm-¥n°v aß-te-‰n-´p-s≠-¶nepw AXv C∂pw Hcp aXm-
XoX aX- Ø ns‚ Bfl- { ]- ` m- h - t ØmsS P\- a - \ - p- I - f n¬ Pohn- ° p-
∂p≠v F∂-XmWv kXyw. Bbp-[-i-‡n-bpw A[n-Im-c-_-e-hpw-sIm≠v
19
ssIh-cn-®-X√ kXy-th-Z-Øns‚ A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb {]Nm-c-sa-¶n¬

Ahbp]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn P\-a-\- p-I-fn¬\n∂v kXy-th-ZsØ ambv®p-
I-f-bm-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xpw auVy-am-Wv. ^mkn-k-Øn-s‚bpw \mkn-
k-Øn-s‚bpw ]nd-hnbpw {]hr-≤nbpw temI-N-cn-{X-Ønse Hcp henb
bmYm¿Yy- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Imew amdn; temI- ] - › m- Ø - e - a msI amdn.
C\nbpw h\y-amb B kmaqly cmjv{So-bm-hÿ ]p\¿P-\n-°p-sa∂v
Bsc¶nepw Icp-Xp∂p-s≠-¶n¬ Ah¿ tcmKm-Xp-c-amb Hcp aqV-kz¿K-
Øn-emWv Ign-bp-∂-sX∂v ]d-bmsX hø. AXn-ò-j-W-amb A¥-co-
£-Øn-eqsS, ]e ]co-£-W-ß-sfbpw AXn-Po-hn®v temI-a-\- ns\
Iogvs∏-Sp-Ønb Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®mWv Cu Bi-¶-sb-
¶n¬ AXv Xo¿Øpw A{]-k-‡-hp-am-Wv. {]tem-`-\-ßfpw Bbp-[-
i-‡n-bpw-sIm≠v hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ Hcp {]ÿm\w as‰mcp Imem-h-
ÿ-bn¬ inYn-e-am-sb-∂p-h-cmw. Ahn-sSbpw Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-sb-
°p-dn-®p≈ Bi¶ Aÿm-\-Øm-Wv. P\-a-\- p-I-fn¬ thcq-∂n-h-
f¿∂ {]ÿm- \ - ß sf kwL- S - \ m- i - ‡ n- s Im≠pw A[n- I m- c - _ - e w-
sIm≠pw X√n-Ø-I¿°m-\m-hn-s√∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.
{]Xy- £ - Ø n- e p≈ B{I- a Ww Zp m[y- a mb Hcp hrYm- h r- Ø n- b m-
sW∂ t_m[y-amWv "Hfn®p-sh-°-s∏´' \b-k-ao-]-\-ß-fp-ambn cwK-
Øp-h-cm≥ Nnesc t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Imew IWn-i-am-bmWv Pohn-X-
tbm-KyX \n¿Wbn-°p-∂-Xv. Im-esØ AXn-Po-hn-s®-Ønb Hcp am\-
hn-I-Z¿i-\-tØmSv Ah-aXn ImWn-°p-∂Xv am\y-a-√. AXp-sIm≠v
20
bp≤-Øn-s‚bpw òj-Wn-bp-sSbpw `mj-b-h-km-\n-∏n®v kvt\l-˛-ku-

lr-Z-˛-k-l-h¿Ø\ ku`m-Ky-ß-fpsS ]pXp-bpKw ]nd-∂p-Im-Wm-\mWv
\mw {]m¿Yn-t°-≠Xpw {]h¿Øn-t°-≠Xpw.
(Fw.-F≥.-tdm-bv, s{]m^. ]n.sI apl-Ω-Zen F∂n-h-cpsS cN-\-I-tfmSv IS-∏m-Sv)
Ime-°d ]pc-fmØ ssIh-ey-kmcw

X\n-°p-apºv Ah-Xo¿W-cmb {]hm-N-I∑m-sc-sb√mw AwKo-I-cn-®m-
Z-cn-°p-Ibpw ]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fnse \nXy kmc-ßsf Ime-°-d -I-f™v
kam-l-cn®v F°m-e-sØbpw a\p-jy-km-am-\y-Øn-\mbn {]tbm-P-\-
s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]mcp∂ Hcp kºq¿W Pohn-X-]-≤Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv ssZhw {]hm-N-I-]-c-º-c-bpsS ]cn-k-
am]vXn {]Jym-]n®-Xv. temI-Øns‚ Bflo-b-amb ]cn-]q¿W-X°pw
]cn]q¿Øn°pw AX-\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ
]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fn-ep-≠v. PqX-∑m¿°v e`n® Xudm-Ønepw ss{IkvX-
h¿°v ssIh∂ C©o-enepw (ss_-_vƒ) ZmhqZv \_n°v Inńb k_q-
dnepw ]m¿kn- I - f psS {]mNo\ thZ- { K- Ÿ - a mb Zkm- Ø o- d nepw*
sXfn™ DZm- l - c - W - ß ƒ ImWmw. `mc- X o- b - a mb At√m- ] - \ n- j -
Ønepw `hn-jy¬ ]pcm-W-Ønepw kqN-\-I-fp-≠v. Jp¿-B-\nse an°
IY-Ifpw ]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fn-ep-≈-Xm-sW∂mWv Kth-j-I-aXw (sP.-kn.
hmƒsUbv≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ C°mcyw hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v). IYm-X-¥p-
hn¬ sNdnb sNdnb hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ ImWm-sa∂pw Ah-c-dn-bn-°p-
* ]m¿kn-I-fpsS thZ-{K-Ÿ-amWv Zkm-Øo¿. ]lvehn `mj-bn-ep≈ {]mNo\ {KŸw.
sk‚ v AhkvX F∂ as‰mcp thZ-{K-Ÿ-hp-a-h¿°p-≠v. Zkm-Øo¿ Ah-cpsS
"]gb\nb-a'hpw sk‚ v AhkvX "]pXnb\nba'hpa-s{X.
21
∂p. taep- ≤ - c n® thZ- { K- Ÿ - ß - f p- a mbn kz]v \ - _ - ‘ w- t ]mepw

]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-™n-ń-√mØ {]hmN-I≥ apl-Ω-Zn\v Fßs\-bnXv
km[n®p F∂Xv hnkva-b-I-cw-X-s∂.
]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ Cß-s\-sbmcp ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. aqkm-\-_n-(tam-
k- v)tbmSv ssZhw ]d-bp∂p:
""\ns∂- t ∏mse Hcp {]hm- N - I s\ Rm≥ Ah¿°v Ah- c psS
ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬\n∂v Fgp-t∂¬]n®v Fs‚ hN-\-ßsf
Ahs‚ \mhn-t∑¬ B°pw.''(-B-h¿Ø\w 18: 18)
]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ Cß-s\-bp≠v:
""Rm≥ t]mIp-∂Xv \nßƒ°v {]tbm-P-\w. Rm≥ t]mIm-™m¬
Imcy-ÿ≥ \nß-fp-sS-b-Sp°¬ hcnI-bn-√. Rm≥ t]mbm¬ Ahs\
\nß-fp-sS A-Sp-°¬ Ab-°pw. Ah≥ h∂v ]m]-sØ-°p-dn-®pw \oXn-
sb-°p-dn®pw \ymb-hn-[n-sb-°p-dn®pw temI-Øn\v t_m[w hcp-Øpw.''
(tbml-∂m≥ 16: 7˛8)
""]m¿kn-Iƒ km∑m¿Kn-I-ambn A[x-]-Xn®p Ign-bp-tºmƒ Atd-
_y-bn¬ Hcp a\p-jy≥ PmX-\m-Ipw. At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ
]m¿kn-I-fpsS knwlm-k-\-sØbpw aX-sØbpw cmPy-sØbpsa√mw
XIn-Sw-a-dn-°pw. t]¿jy-bnse H∂mw-In-S tbm≤m-°-sf-sb√mw Ah¿
Iog-S-°pw. At\Iw hn{K-l-ßƒ ÿm]n-°-s∏´ tZhm-e-b-Øn¬\n∂v
hn{K-l-ßsf \o°wsNøpw. P\-ß-sf√mw {]kvXpX tZhm-e-bsØ
A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®v {]m¿Y\ \S-Øp-hm≥ CS-bm-Ipw. _p≤n-am-∑m-cmb
t]¿jy-°m-sc√mw At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fm-Ipw.'' (Zkm-Øo¿,
A[ymbw 14)
""kap- Z m- b - ß - s f- s b√mw GtIm- ] n- ∏ n- ° p∂ Imcp- W y- h m≥
Bhn¿`hn- ° pw. AJne a\p- j y- s cbpw GIo- I - c n- ° m\pw am¿K-
\n¿tZiw sNøm-\p-am-bn-cn°pw At±lw hcn-I.'' (sk‚ v AhkvX)
]m¿kn-I-fpsS {]kn-≤-amb ]pcm-W-{K-Ÿ-amWv P∏m-kn. CtX-
°p-dn®v hnh-c-Wm-fl-I-amb {]Xn-]m-Z\w AXnep-≠v.
`mc-Xob {KŸ-ß-fnepw ]cm-a¿i-ß-fp-≠v. At√m-]-\n-jØv F∂
t]cn¬ Hcp D]-\n-jXv {KŸ-ap-≠v. imkv{Xn Dt]-{µ-\m-Yns‚ hymJym-
\-tØm-Sp-IqSn At√m-]-\n-jØv sIm¬I-Ø-bn¬h®v {]Im-i\w sNø-
s∏-ń-´p-≠v.
""A√mlp Ah¿W-Kp-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snbh\pw ]cn]q¿W k¿h-
22
⁄-\p-am-Ip-∂p. F√mw Adn-bp-∂-h\pw {]Im-i-Øns‚ {]Im-i-hp-

amb A√m- l p- h ns‚ ZqX- \ mWv apl- Ω - Z v . A√mlp A\- i z- c \pw
GI\pw ]cn-]q¿-W\pw B{i-b-c-ln-X-\p-am-Ip-∂p.'' (A-t√m-]-\n-jØv
18-˛mw A[ym-bw)
`mcXob ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ alm-]p-cm-W-ßƒ ]Xn-s\-´v. AXn-sem∂v
`hn-jy-¬]p-cm-Ww. CXn¬ ]Xn-\m-em-bncw {KŸ-ßƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-
°p-∂p-sh∂v A·n-]p-cm-W-Øn¬ ImWmw(A[ym-bw 272-). kqcy≥
a\p-hn\v sImSpØ D]-tZ-i-ß-fm-Wn-h. Hcn-SØv:
""GI-kvan-∂-¥tc tæ—
BNm-tcyW ka-\znXx
alm-a-Z C-Xn-JymXm
injy-im-Jm-k-a-\znXw
\r]m-t›h alm-tZh
acp-ÿ-e- \n-hm-kn\w
KwKm-P-sse› kwkv\m]y
]©-K-hy-k-a-\znXmw
Nµ-\mZnc`y¿®y
XpjvSm-h-a-\-km -lcw
\a-kvtX -Kn-cn-Pm-\mY
acp-ÿ-e-\n-hm-kn\w
{Xn]p-cm-kp-c-\m-imb
_lp-ambm {]h-Øn\w
tæss— -Kp-]vXm-b -ip-≤mb
k®n-Zm-\µ cq]ntW
Xzw amw ln In-¶cw hn≤n
ic-Wm¿Y-a-]m-KXw
(B kµ¿`-Øn¬ alm-aZv F∂p-t]-cm-b, "temI Kpcp'-sh∂v ÿm\-
t∏-cp≈ Hcp hntZin Xs‚ A\pNc∑mtcmSp-IqSn {]Xy-£-s∏-Spw.
cmPmhv KwKm-P-ew-sIm≠pw ]©K-hywsIm≠pw At±lØn\v-˛-a-cp-
`q-\n-hm-kn-bmb B alm-Zq-X\v-˛-\n-jvI-f¶ `‡n-bm-Ip∂ ]mcntXmjn-
I- ß ƒ Imgv N - s h- ° p- I bpw hfsc BZ- c hv {]Z¿in∏n°p- I bpw
sNbvXn´v ]d™p:
""A√tbm a\pjycm-inbpsS A`nam\ta, acp`q-an-bn¬ \nh-kn-
°p-∂ht\, ]nim-Nns\ \n{K-ln°phm\mbn \o hºn® i‡n kw`cn-
®n-cn-°p-∂p. A√tbm k®n-Zm-\µ kzcq-]-ta, Rm≥ AhnSsØ Ffnb
23
Zmk-\m-Wv. Aß-bpsS ]mZ-ß-fn¬ \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ Cubp-≈-hs\

kzoI-cn-®-\p-{K-ln-®m-epw.''
(`-hn-jy-]p-cm-Ww, aq∂m-a-[ymbw, t«m: 5˛8)
]q¿h-th-Z-ß-sf√mw ]q¿W-X-bpsS km£m¬°m-c-Øn-\mbn ZØ-
Zr-jvS-am-Ip-∂Xv apl-ΩZv \_n-bn-te°pw At±-l-Øn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-
cn-°-s∏´ thZ-h-N- p-I-fn-te-°p-am-sW-¶n¬ {]hm-N-I≥ apl-Ω-Zn-
s‚bpw Jp¿-B-s‚bpw k¿hm-Xn-im-bnØw A\p-‡-kn-≤-a-s{X.
ssZh-k-tµ-i-amWv thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ Bh-ln®p \n¬°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-
k-tµ-i-ßƒ ]q¿hm-]-c-hn-cp-≤-ß-fm-hns√∂pw \ma-dn-bp-∂p. {]hm-N-
I∑m¿ hyXy-kvX-cm-bn-cn-°m-sa-¶nepw {]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ktµiw
H∂m-Wv. AXn¬ hncp-≤-X-Iƒ Ac-tß-dp-I-bn-√. Ime-K-Xn-bn¬ a\p-
jys‚ Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS ssI°p-d-tb‰v thZ-h-N- p-I-fn¬ cq]m-¥-c-
ßƒ Btcm-]n-°-s∏-t´-°m-sa-¶nepw ASn-ÿm\ aqey-ß-fnepw Z¿i-
\-km-c-ß-fnepw ISp-In-S hy-Xn-cn-‡-X-Iƒ h∂p-`-hn-°p-I-bn-√.
Jp¿-B≥ ]nd-∂-Imew ˛\n-e-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ kmlnXy kt¶-X-
ßsf apgp-h≥ am‰n-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠v, AXn¬\ns∂√mw Hu¬Ir-jvSy-
an-b∂ Hcp kmln-Xy-cq-]-amWv Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv F∂mWv
Kth-j-I-{]-Xn-`-Iƒ Adn-bn-°p-∂Xv. CsX-ßs\ kw`-hn-°p∂p?
Jp¿-B\v Xpeyw\n¬°p-∂tXm AXn-t\-°mƒ anI-hp-‰tXm Bb
Hcp krjvSn-°p≈ sh√p-hnfn Db¿∂-t∏mƒ \n -lm-b-a-\-t msS
A°m-e-sØ(-]n-∂o-sS-°m-esØbpw) {]Xn-`-Iƒ ]n∑m-dp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-
b-Xv. A\yq-\hpw A\\p-I-c-Wo-bhpw AXym-I¿j-I-hp-amb Cu cN-
\m-]m-Shw {KŸ-]-cn-N-btam A£-c-⁄X t]meptam Ah-Im-i-s∏-
Sm-\m-hmØ {]hm-N-I≥ apl-Ω-Zn\v Fßs\ Ign™p F∂-XmWv
hnkva-bw.
Cukm-\-_n°p tijw {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]°¬ Ccp-]-Øn-sbm-
∂n¬]cw ss__n-fp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn Nne {KŸ-ßƒ kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂p-≠v (A-`n-{]m-b-t`-Z-ß-fp-≠v). {In. 325-˛¬ {InkvXob ]ptcm-
ln-X≥am¿ tbmKw tN¿∂v AXn¬\n∂v \mseÆw AwKo-I-cn-°p-
Ibpw Bi-b-]-c-amb kwL¿j-ß-sfm-gn-hm-°m≥ _m°n-bp-≈h \in-
∏n-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-s{X. \in-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-
bn¬ H∂v A\-h-[m-\-X-aqew DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏-´-h-cpsS Adn-hn¬s]-SmsX
tdmanse t]m∏ns‚ {KŸ-ti-J-c-Øn¬ _m°n-bm-bn-t∏m-bn. AXv
]n¬°m-eØv Hcp {InkvXy≥ ]ptcm-ln-Xs‚ {i≤-bn¬ s]Sp-Ibpw
24
At±- l - a Xv ]pd- Ø p- s Im- ≠ p- h - c n- I bpw sNbvXp- h - s {X.

_¿W_mkns‚ kphn-tijw F∂mWv B ss__nƒ {]Xn hnfn-
°-s∏-´-Xv. ]n¬°m-eØv AXv Ad-_n-`m-j-bn-te°v samgn-am‰w \S-
Ø-s∏-´p. CXv Gsd {i≤n-°-s∏´ H∂mbn ]cn-W-an-®p.
Pn_vco¬ F∂ ae°v Jp¿-B-\nI hN-\-ßƒ ]e-L-´-ß-fn-embn
apl-Ω-Zn\v FØn-®p-sIm-SpØp. apl-ΩZv bYm-h-kcw Ah Xs‚ P\-
ßƒs°- Ø n- ® p. DS- s \- Ø s∂ A\p- N - c - ∑ m- s c- s °m≠v ]I¿Øn-
sh∏n®p; Ah kam-l-cn-°-s∏-´p. hncp-≤-X-I-fn√. hnt`-Z-ß-fn-√. {]£n-
]vX-ß-fn-√. Xncp-Ø-ep-I-fn-√. Iqń-t®¿°-ep-I-fp-an-√. ssI°pdtb-
im-Ø, Ime-°d ]pc-fmØ ssIh-ey-kmcw!
aZo-\-bne-c-tß-dnb BZ¿i-hn-πhw
kq£va-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬ t_m[y-s∏Sp∂ Hcp kXyap≠v. apl-ΩZv
\_n Hcp hniz-a-lm-hn-π-h-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p. Atd-_y≥ kaq-l-Ønepw
XpS¿∂v temI- Ø m- s Ibpw ]ns∂ Ime- ] - Y - Ø nepw At±- l - a p-
W¿Ønb hnπ-h-Øns‚ Pzen-°p∂ {]Im-i-In-c-W-ßƒ {]k-cn-®n-
´p-≠v. "G dm¶nwKv Hm^v Z tamÃv- C≥^vfph≥jy¬ t]gvk-\m-en-
‰okv C≥ ln-Ãdn Hm^v Z thƒUv' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ ssa°¬
lm¿´v kqNn-∏n-®Xp t]mse {]hm-N-I≥ Pohn® Ime-˛-k-aql ]›m-
Ø-e-ßƒ kKu-chw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-S-Ww.
sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb ]c-»Xw tKm{X-`-c-W-ßƒ \ne-\n-∂ -Im-
ew.- F √mw Xm≥t]mcna kq£n- ® p- t ]m∂ kzX- { ¥- ` - c - W - X - e - ß ƒ.
tKm{X-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ kwL-´\w Hcp km[m-cW kw`hw. I≈pw
s]Æpw t]mcp-amWv ]e-t∏mgpw \n¿Wm-bI LS-I-ßƒ. sskzchpw
25
kam-[m-\hpw tIhew aco-NnIIƒ. \ne-°mØ IpSn-∏-I-bmWv Ipe-

{]-Ir-Xw. Hcp DZm-l-cWw:
Pmln-enø ImesØ c≠v {]_e tKm{X-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p _\q-_-
Iv¿ tKm{Xhpw _\q-X-Kven_v tKm{X-hpw. Hcn-°¬ _\q-_Iv¿ tKm{X-
°m- c psS Iptd H´- I - ß ƒ _\qXKv e n- _ v I m- c psS Ipf- Ø n- e n- d ßn
sh≈w IpSn-®p-˛-X¿°-am-bn. AsXmcp t]mcm-´-Øn-te°v hgn\bn-®p.
XpS¿∂v òI-c-amb bp≤-Øn-te-°pw. \m¬]Xp h¿jw \o≠p-\n∂
òI-c-amb B bp≤w l¿_p¬ _mkqkv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hc-
d_n°hn ]mSn:
""i{Xp-°sf sIm≈-b-Sn-°-en¬ Rßƒ
kpJw ImWp-∂p.
AXv km[n-®n-s√-¶n¬ Rßƒ Rß-fpsS
ktlm-Z-c-ß-sf-Øs∂ sIm≈-b-Sn®v kpJn-°pw.''
Ncn-{X-]-Y-Øn¬, {]mIr-X-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ I≠p-t]m∂ "Iøq-°p-
≈-h≥ Imcy-°m-c≥' F∂ Ahÿ tKm{X-X-e-ß-fn¬ i‡-ambn
\ne-\n-∂p-t]m-∂p. ""Ic-bnepw IS-enepw Ipg∏w {]I-S-ambn'' F∂v
thZ-{KŸw hnti-jn-∏n®Xv A°m-esØ Nq≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]g-b-Im-
eØv tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ PmXn-hy-h-ÿ-sb-°mfpw tæ—-am-
bn-cp-∂p Ad_v tKm{X-ßƒ°nS-bnse ÿnXn. A°m-esØ tKm{X-
Nn-¥sb "Hcp kmaq-lnI sh√p-hnfn'(Social Challange) F∂mWv
B¿tWmƒUv tSmb≥_n hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.
apl-ΩZv \_n ]nd-hn-sb-SpØ kaql ]›m-Ø-e-a-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
At±- l - Ø n- e qsS Ah- X o¿Æ- a mb Znhy- h - N - p- I ƒ Nne A\- i zc
kXy-ßƒ hnfw-_cw sNbvXp:
tKm{X-Nn-¥bpw tKm{X kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS
A{]-am-Zn-Xzhpw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-Ww.
a\p-jy-sc√mw kl-Pm-X-cmWv;
Htc ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw amXm-hn-s‚bpw a°ƒ
Htc ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-Iƒ
Htc al-»-‡n-°p-ap-ºn¬ hnt[-b-Xz-ap-≈-h¿
DS-b-X-ºp-cms‚ ap∂n¬ am{Xw ASn-a-Øw.
kp{]-N-cnX hnizm-k-ß-fpsSbpw Imem-Im-e-ambn A\p-h¿Øn-
®p-t]m-cp∂ kmaqly k{º-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw hnew-L\w inem-t`-Z\w
t]mse {iam- h - l - a m- s W∂dnbm- h p∂ apl- Ω Zv \_n ]cn-
WX{]⁄\mb Hcp kmaq-ly-im-kv{X⁄s\t∏mse \ne-hn-ep≈
26
tKm{X-hy-h-ÿ-Isf {]Xy-£-Øn-em-{I-an-°p-∂p-sh∂v hcp-ØmsX

]pXn-sbmcp h¿K-_-‘-a-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-\mWv {ian-®-Xv.
aZo-\-bn¬ DSp-XpWn am{X-ambn h∂-h-cm-W-h¿. Xo¿Øpw A`-
bm¿Yn-Iƒ. aplm-Pn-dp-Ifpw (A-`-bw-tX-Sn-sb-Øn-b-h¿) A≥km-dp-
Ifpw (A-`-b-Zm-Xm-°ƒ) H∏w {]Xn-k-‘n-Isf t\cn-Sp-∂p. ]cn-lmcw
H´pw Ffp-∏-a-√. k¿K]c-amb Imcy-hn-Nm-c-Øn-eqsS imkv{Xo-bhpw
{]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb ]cn-lmcw km[n-°-Ww. D≈Xp ]¶p-sh-°p-I.
AXn\m-h-iy-amb lrZ-b-k-º-∂X {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I.
Ahy-‡-X-bn¬ Hcp {]Im-iIWw t]mse Ft¥m H∂v {]hm-N-
I-a-\- n-ep-Z-bw-sIm-≠p. aZo-\-bnse apkvenw IpSpw-_-\m-Y-∑msc Hcn-
SØp hnfn-®p-tN¿Øv {]hm-N-I≥ kwkm-cn®p:
""CXm \nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-c≥am¿; \nßƒ {]nbw-I-c-ambn Icp-
Xp∂ kXy-th-Z-Øns‚ t]cn¬ ChnsSsbØn-b-h¿˛ F√mw ssIsh-
Sn-™p-h-∂-h¿... Rms\mcp \n¿tZiw \nß-fpsS ap∂n¬ sh°mw.
\nßƒ Hmtcm IpSpw_hpw Hmtcm A`-bm¿Ynsb kzoI-cn-°-Ww.
Aßs\ cq]w-sIm-≈p∂ ]pXnb IpSpw_w Hcp-an®v tPmen sNbvXv,
Bbhyb-ßƒ Hcp-an-®-\p-`-hn®v kwXr-]vX-amb Hcp henb IpSpw-_-
ambn Ign-b-Ww.''
Hcp alm hnkvabw ]oen hnS¿Øn-b-Xp-t]mse Ah-cpsS apJ-
ß-fn¬ {]km-Zhpw kwXr-]vXnbpw {]Imiw sNmcn™p:
""Ah¿ A√m-lp-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚ ZqX-s\bpw ]n¥p-W-°m≥
k∂-≤-cmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.... Xß-fn-te°v A`bwtXSn-sb-Øn-b-
hsc kv t \ln- ° p- ∂ p. kzoI- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Ah¿°v \¬I- s ∏- ´ - X n¬
bmsXm-cm-{K-lhpw Ch-cpsS a\- n¬ tXm∂n-bn-√. Ch¿ Xß-sf-
°mƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-∂p. kz¥w a\- ns‚ k¶p-
NnXXzØn¬\n∂v ap‡-cmbhcs{X hnP-bn-Iƒ.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 59: 8,
9)
bYm¿Y-Øn¬ aZo-\-I≠ kmaqlnIhnπ-h-Øns‚ XpS-°-a-hn-sS-
bm-Wv. At∂mfw AhnsS \ne-\n-∂p-t]m∂ h¿K-[m-c-W-I-fmsI A{]-
Xy- £ - a m- b n. ]pXn- s bmcp am\- h nI- _ ‘w AhnsS cq]- a - W n- ™ p.
k¶o¿W-X-I-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ sXfn-hp‰ c≠p h¿K-ßƒ-˛-A-hn-sS-bp-
≈-hcpw AhnsS hs∂-Øn-b-h-cpw. kvt\l-Ønt‚Xpw kl-I-c-W-
Ønt‚Xp-amb kwtbm-PI X¥p-°ƒ Ahsc ka-\z-bn-∏n®p \n¿Øn-
bn-cn-°p-∂p. {]hm-N-I-a-\ v Ah-cn¬ Bfl-hn-izm-khpw {]Xo-£bpw
27
hf¿Øn.
aZo-\-bn¬ Hcp ]pXnb ]≈n ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øn. kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ
AhnsS ]Xn-hmbn HØp-tN¿∂p. Ah-cpsS iqdm-tI{µw (]m¿e-sa‚ v)
AXm-bn-cp-∂p. C∂msW-¶n¬ Hcm-bncw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-b¿Øp∂
Hcp k¶o¿W {]iv \ w. F∂m¬ {]hm- N - I s‚ ap∂n¬ AsXmcp
\o¿°p-an-f-t]mse. kvt\l-am-W-hnsS \nd™pw hgn™pw \n∂-Xv.
Hcp \n»-_vZ-hnπh-Øns‚ A¥x-kv]-µ-\-am-W-hnsSb\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xv.
A≥km-dp-Iƒ HmtcmcpØ-cmbn apt∂m-´p-h-∂p. A`bw tXSn-sb-Ønb
aplm-Pn-dp-Isf kzoI-cn-°m≥ ho´p-Imcpw hncp-∂p-Imcpw GI-tbm-K-
t£-a-Øns‚ a[pcw \pW™pIgn™ A\-\y-Z¿i-\o-b-amb kaq-
l-ÿen. Ncn-{X-]-Y-Ønse Hc-]q¿h-X-bm-bn- AX-h-ti-jn-°p∂p!
At∏mgpw Jpssd-in-Iƒ apkvenw-Iƒs°-Xnsc B-bp-[-a-W-bv°p-
I- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Ah¿ AXn- c - l - k y- a m- b n, F∂m¬ ka¿Y- a mbn
aZo\°msc {]tIm-]n-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-®p. AXns‚ {]Xym-LmXw hn`m-
h\ sNbvX {]hm-N-I≥ aZo-\-bnse `n∂-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb kI-e-scbpw
Hcp-an®p \n¿Øm-\m-h-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-I-fm-cw-`n-®p.
Hcp-Zn-hkw {]hm-N-I≥ aZo-\-bnse hnhn[ P\-]-Z-ß-fp-sS \mb-
I- ∑ msc Hcn- S Øp £Wn- ® p- h - c p- Ø n. apkv e nw- I ƒ, PqX- a - X - ° m¿,
ss{IkvX-h¿, hn{K-l-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ XpS-ßnb kI-e-cp-sSbpw {]mXn-
\n[yw B IqSn-t®-c-en-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Pohn-XsØ
t\cn´v _m[n- ° p∂ Kuc- h - X - c - a mb Hcp hnj- b - a mWv AhnsS
N¿®sNøm≥ t]mIp-∂-sX∂v F√m-h¿°padn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ktµ-
l-ßfpw Bi-¶-Ifpw DtZz-K-ßfpw Nne-cpsS apJsØ hnh¿Wam-
°n-bn-cp-∂p. {]hm-N-I≥ kuay-ambn, F∂m¬ ZrV-kz-c-Øn¬ kwkm-
cn-°m≥ XpSßn:
""F√m hnizm-k-t`-Z-ßfpw BNm-c-k-{º-Zm-b-ßfpw Pohn-X-co-Xn-
Ifpw A\yq\w \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ \Ωƒ Hcp-an-®p-\n¬°p-
Ibpw i‡n-{]m-]n-°p-Ibpw thWw. Np‰pw i{Xp-°-fp-≠v˛ \ap°v
kpc-£n-XXzhpw Pohn-X-`-{Z-Xbpw thWw. \msamcp i‡-amb cmjv{S-
ambn amd-Ww.''
AhnsS IqSn-bn-cp-∂-h-cpsS Bi-¶-I-fpsS a™p-cpInØpS-ßn.
B kaqlw GI-kz-c-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I-\n¿tZ-i-Øn\v ]n¥pW {]Jym-
]n-®p. tKm{X-ßƒ XΩn-ep-≈ kv]¿[bpw i{Xp-°-fpsS \nc-¥-c-amb
B{I-a-W-ßfpw `n∂ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS AW-bmØ sshchpw tKm{X-
X-e-ßƒ Ipe[¿aw-t]mse kq£n-®p-t]m∂ IpSn-∏-Ibpw sshc-\n-
28
cym-X-\-_p-≤nbpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ kzÿX sISp-Øn-°-f™ hymIp-

e-X-bm¿∂ A¥-co-£am-W-hn-sS. \nc-¥-c-am-h¿Øn-°-s∏´ bp≤w-
sIm≠v kzbw XI¿∂ Hukv-˛-J-kvdPv tKm{X-ßƒ kam-[m-\-Øns‚
Hcp {]`mXw ImWm≥ a\ v s\m¥v Ign-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. acp-∏-d-
ºnse Ipfn¿a-g-t]mse {]hm-N-I-h-N- p-Iƒ kIe a\- p-I-fnepw
Bizmkw h¿jn-®p. F√m IWvT-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Hcp i_vZ-ap-b¿∂p:
"apl-ΩZv aZo-\-bpsS kmcYn'
apl-ΩZv A√m-lp-hn\v kvXpXn sNmcn-bp-tºmƒ B IÆp-Iƒ
hgn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Atd-_y-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn Hcm-Z¿i-cmjv{Sw P∑-
sa-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]e Xc-°mcpw ]e-Xcw hnizm-kn-I-fp-ap-≠-hn-
sS-˛-]t≠ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Ø-h¿, PqX-∑m¿, ss{IkvX-h¿, hn{K-l-hn-
izm-kn-Iƒ, ]ns∂ Iptd kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ. Cu kmaq-ly-L-S-
I-ßsf Fßs\ kwtbm-Pn-∏n°pw F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p {]hm-N-Is‚
ap∂nse sh√p-hnfn. AXn-em-L-h-tØmsS hyh-l-cn-°-s∏-tS≠ H∂-
√n-Xv. Zo¿L-Ime hn`m-h-\-tbmsS km[n-t°≠ Hcp cmjv{S-Øns‚
kwc-N\m Imcyw. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-a-\- p-Isf \∂mbn ]Tn® {]hm-
N-I-\v, ]gp-Xp-I-fn-√m-Ø, ]cn-`-{Z-amb Hcp cmjv{S-kw-hn-[m\w ssIh-
cn-°p-∂-Xn\v {]bm-k-ta-Xp-ap-≠m-bn-√.
kXy-ip-≤-amb Hcp P\-kwJym IW-s°-Sp-∏v˛ Imt\-jp-am-cn˛
Bcw-`n-®p. P\-ß-fn-eq∂n thWw cmjv{Sob kwhn-[m-\-ß-sf√mw
F∂ kp\n-bX t_m[y-am-W-Xn\v t{]c-Iw. {]hm-N-Is‚ kl-Nm-cn-
bmb lpssZ^ Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v:
""{]hm-N-I≥ Rß-tfmSv P\-kw-Jym-hn-hcw Xøm-dm-°m≥ Bh-
iy-s∏-´p. Rß-fXv sNbvXp. aZo-\-bn¬ samØw P\-kwJy ]Xn-\m-
bncw. AXn¬ 3500 hn{K-l-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ, 3000 PqX-a-X-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ,
2000 ss{IkvXh hnizm-kn-Iƒ, 1500 apkvenw-Iƒ. {]hm-N-I-\n¿tZ-i-
tØmsS Hcp Imcyw IqSn sNbvXp˛ aZo-\-bpsS `q]-c-amb AXn¿Øn
\n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \mep `mKØpw AS-bmfw Ipdn-®p. kmaq-
lyhpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb CuZri kwhn-[m\ßsfm-cp-°p-∂Xn¬ kI-
ecpw kwXr]vXn {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. hn{Klhnizm-kn-Iƒ Akw-Xr-]vX-cmbn
ImW-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ {]hm-N-Is‚ \b-k-ao-]-\-ßfpw s]cp-am-‰-co-
Xnbpw Ah¿°n-jvS-am-bn.''
H´pw sshImsX kIe P\-]-Z-ß-sfbpw Hcn-SØv hnfn-®p-Iq-ń,
29
sFIyw hgn-bp∂ i‡-amb Hcp cmjv{Sw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-

Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-tem-Nn®p: ""hnizm-k-kzm-X{¥yw \ncp-]m-[nIw A\p-h-
Zn-®p-sIm≠v aZo-\-sb∂ Hcp alm-cmjv{Sw cq]-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. hnizm-
k-Øns‚ \qdp ]q°ƒ hncn-bp-tºmgpw Hcp s]mXp-i{Xp kao-]n-°p-
tºmƒ, Hcp ka-\z-b-i-‡n-bm-bn-˛-cm-jv{S-i-‡n-bm-bn˛ s]cp-am-dm-\p≈
am\- k nI hnImkw \ap- ° p- ≠ m- h - W w. \ΩpsS \ne- \ n¬∏n\pw
cmjv{SØns‚ kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn\pw AX-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.'' Hcp apkvenw
cmjv{Sw ÿm]n- ° p- I - b - √ , kI- e - h n- i zm- k n- I ƒ°pw kIe
A¿YØnep-ap≈ kpc-£n-XXzw ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp ssZhn-
I-cm-jv{S-amWv \ΩpsS e£yw F∂v {]hm-N-I≥ Blzm\w sNbvXp.
AhnsS kw_-‘n® kI-e-cp-sSbpw ]n¥pW t\Sm≥ {]hm-N-I\v
Ign-™p. B ktΩ-f\w, kln-jvWp-Xbpw kmtlm-Z-cyhpw hgn-bp∂
Hcp `c- W - L - S - \ (a- Z o\ tUmIyp- s a‚ v)°v cq]wsImSp- Ø p.
\m¬]sØń-tesd hIp-∏p-I-fpƒs°m-≈p∂ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 23
hIp-∏p-Iƒ Ahn-sS-h-®p-Xs∂ cq]-s∏-SpØn _lp-P-\mw-Ko-Im-c-Øn\p
hnt[-b-am-°n. Hcp apkven-ans\ kw_-‘nt®-S-tØmfw PohnXw F∂-
Xns‚ A¿Yw ssZh-{]o-Xn°v hnt[-b-ambn Pohn-°p-Ibpw Ah\v hgn-
s∏´p-I-gn-bp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-Wv. AsX-ß-s\-sb∂v thZ-{KŸw
Ahs\ sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Adn-hns‚ temI-Øn¬ Ah-s\-{X-
tØmfw X¬]c-\m-Ip-∂pthm A{X-tØmfw Cu t_m[w Ah-\n¬
ZrV-cq-V-am-bn-∏-cn-W-an-°p-∂p.
c≠m-a-sXmcp _m[y-X-IqSnbp≠v apk¬am-\v. X\n°v t_m[y-
s∏´ Zm¿i- \ nI kXyw- ˛ - k - a kv X k\mX- \ m- i - b - ß - f p- s Sbpw ASn-
ÿm\ kXyw˛ AXm-sW-∂-Xp-sIm≠v a‰p-≈-hsc {]t_m-[n-∏n-°pI
F∂-Xm-W-Xv. kXy-th-Z-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXv \n¿_m-
[w, kzX-{¥-ambn {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ XS- -ß-sfm-gn-™p-In-
´pI F∂-XmWv kzmX{¥yw F∂ ]Zw sIm≠v kXy-th-Z-hn-izmkn
hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. AXn\p-th-≠n-bmWv A∂-h¿ A`bw tXSn aZo-\-
bn-se-Øn-b-Xv. Cu alm-kzm-X-{¥ysØ ]cn-c-£n-°m≥ X°hn[-
amWv aZo-\m-I-cm-dn\v cq]wsImSp-Ø-Xv. tIhew kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-
Iƒ°-√, kIe aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw Cu kzmX{¥yw A\p-h-Zn-°-
s∏-Sp∂ kmaq-lym-¥-co-£-amWv aZo\m Icm¿sIm≠v km£m¬°-
cn-°-s∏´Xv. kz¥w aXw sXcs™-Sp-°m-\p≈ kzmX-{¥yhpw AXv
\n¿`bw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ kzmX-{¥yhpw Aew-Ly-am-Wv(Jp¿-B≥
2: 256) F∂ kph¿Wm-ibw kXy-th-Z-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS lrZ-b-kv]-
µ-\-am-Wv.
30
Atd-_y-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn Hcm-Z¿i-cmjv{Sw P∑-

sa-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]e Xc-°mcpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-ap-≠-hnsS. Hcp
Nc-Sn-en-W°n-t°m¿Ø ]q°-sf-t∏mse Ah¿ Ign-™p. kmaq-ly-
amb Iq´mbva Duń-bp-d-∏n-°m\pw De-™-gn-™p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°m\pw
DXIpw hn[-amWv Zo¿L-Z¿in-bmb {]hm-N-I≥ aZo\m DS-º-Sn°v
cq]w\¬In-b-Xv. Bcm-bmepw F¥m-bmepw kam-[m\]c-amb kl-
h¿Øn-Xzw˛ AXmWv \bhpw kao-]-\-hpw. ""c£-b-¥n-]-c-kv]cw''
F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ ]c-kv]-c-aw-Ko-I-cn® Pohn-X-th-Zm-¥w. Bcp-
sSbpw Ah-Im-i-ßƒ [zwkn-°-s∏-´p-IqSm; Bcp-sSbpw AkvXnXzw
tNmZywsNø-s∏-´p-Iq-Sm. `{Z-Xbpw c£m-t_m-[hpw kmaq-ly-kp-c-£n-
X-Xzhpw AhnsS ]qh-Wn-™p. sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS \oXn\nb-a-
ß-tfmSp s]mcp-Ø-ap-≈-Xv. C¥y-bpsS atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ lrZ-b-`mhw
bkvcn_v DS-º-Sn-bpsS Bfl-k-Ø-bm-bn-cp-∂p˛ Hcp kvt\lm-flI
hnπhw hncn-bn-s®-SpØ aln-X-cm-jv{Sw. tbip-hns‚ kz]v\-ko-a-bnse
"kz¿K-cmPyw' apl-ΩZv AhnsS km£m¬°cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ""\√-
Xns\ I¬]n-°p-Ibpw Xn∑sb hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂''(Jp¿-
B≥ 41: 22) Hcp kpµc cmjv{Sw.
a\- mWv kmaq-ly-am-‰-Øns‚ i‡-amb Ah-ew-_w. tkmjy-
enkw kaq-l-Øn¬ ]nd-°p-∂-Xn\v a\- m-WmZyw tkmjy-ssekv
sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xv. kaq-lsØ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv kaq-l-irw-J-e-bnse
IÆn-I-fpsS a\ v t\m°n-bm-Wv. am‰-Øns‚ XpS°w a\- n-emWv
km[nt°≠-Xv. amdmØ a\- m-sW-¶n¬ am‰-samcp anYy-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
""kaq-l-Ønse òj-Wn, amdmØ a\- p-I-fm-bn-cn°pw'' F∂ Sn.-F¬.
hmkzm-\n-bpsS hntijNn¥ {it≤-b-am-Wv. {]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p:
""G‰hpw henb ]m]n ap\m- ^ n- J m- W v '' F∂v . AYhm A- I Øv
IØnbpw ]pdØv ]Øn-bp-ap-≈-h≥.
aZo\ F∂ BZ¿i-cm-jv{Sw kvt\l-hn-π-h-Øn\p hnt[-b-amb
hnip-≤-a-\- p-I-fpsS Ifnbc-ßm-bnØo¿-∂p.
1. Hcn-°¬ Xnc-°n¬s]´ Hcmƒ {]hm-N-Is‚ ico-c-Øn¬ sN∂p-
ho-Wp. {]hm-N-I≥ Xs‚ Iøn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ hSnImń-Ø-Sp-Øp. hSn-
Xń Abm-fpsS ico-c-Øn¬ t\¿Ø- ]m-Sp-≠m-bn. {]hm-N-I≥ Xmgv∂
kzc-Øn¬ Cß-s\-b-dn-bn®p:
""A_≤w ]nW-™p, Ft∂mSv {]Xn-{Inb sNømw.''
Xm≥ ]g-b-Xp-t]msebs√∂pw {]Xn-Im-c ioehpw {]Ir-Xhpw
Xm≥ ssIsh-Sn-™p-sh-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p Abm-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-Ww (A-
31
_q-Zm-hq-Zv). Hcm-Z¿i-hn-π-h-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\-w.

2. Hcp bp≤-°-fw. Kpcp-X-c-amb ]cp-°p-I-tf‰v Bk∂ ac-W-cm-
bn-°n-S-°p-∂-h¿°v sh≈-sa-Øn-°m-\p-g-dn-\-S-°p∂ Hcmƒ. Abmƒ
Ic-®n¬ tI´ aqe-bn-te°v \oßn. hmbn¬ sh≈-sam-gn-°m≥ XpS-
ßp-tºm-tg°pw ASp-Øp≈ as‰m-cm-fpsS B¿Ø-kzcw tI´p. ]cp-
t°-‰-bmƒ ]d™p:
""ktlm-Z-cm, Atßm´v sN√q. Fs∂-°mƒ sh≈Øns‚-bm-hiyw
Abmƒ°m-bn-cn-°pw. Zb-hmbn Abm-fpsS Zmlw Xo¿°q.''
sh≈-hp-ambn Abmƒ Atßm´p sN∂p. sh≈w sImSp-°m≥
XpSßp-tºm-tg°v kao-]-ÿ-\mb as‰m-cmƒ Zmlm¿Ø-\mbn sh≈-
Øn\v bmNn-°p-∂-Xp-tI-´p. apdn-th‰p InS-°p-∂-bmƒ ]d™p:
""Zm Atßm´v sN√v. Abmƒ°v sImSp-°q.''
sh≈-hp-ambn Abmƒ Atßm´v sN-∂p. -A-Sp-sØ-Øp-tºm-tg°v
At±lw acn-®p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. DS-s\-b-bmƒ c≠m-a-sØ-bm-fp-sS-b-Sp-
tØ°v Xncn-™p-\-S-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw At±-lhpw A¥y-izmkw
hen®p Ign-™n-cp-∂p. ]cn-{`m-¥-\mb Abmƒ sh≈-hp-ambn H∂m-a-
sØ- b m- f p- s S- b - S p- s Ø- Ø n. ZpxJ- I - c - s a∂p ]d- b - s ´, Abm- f psS
izmkhpw \ne- ® - X mbmWv I≠- X v . kz¥w ZpxJ- Ø n\pw Bh- i y-
Øn\pw c≠mw ÿm\w \¬Im\pw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ZpxJ-ßƒ°pw Bh-
iy-ßƒ°pw {]Ya ]cn-K-W\ \¬Im\pw Ign-bp∂ {]_p≤ ]uc-
t_m-[-am¿∂ Hcp P\-]-Z-sØ-bmWv {]hm-N-I≥ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-Ø-
Xv.
A\p-kyq-X-amb Bh¿Ø-\w-sIm≠v ZrV-kz-`m-h-ambn ]cn-W-an-
®, Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-fpsS t]mepw ew-L\w A\m-bmkw km[n® {]hm-N-
I≥ Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I-∑m-cpsS ap∂n¬ Hcp hnkva-b-am-b-h-ti-jn-°p-
∂p. ""ssZhw GI-\m-Wv, A√m-lp-h-√msX as‰m-cm-cm-[y-\n√'' F∂v
{]hm-N-I≥ Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ B im_vZnI hnkvabw aZo-\-bpsS a\-
n¬ ]msem- f n- Ø n- c - b mbn {]k- c n- ° p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ]Øp- h ¿jw-
sIm≠v Atd-_y-bn-emsI AXv {]Im-i-ambn amdn. \qdpsIm√w Ign-
bp-tºm-tg°v Ing°v kn‘pw ]Sn-™mdv kvs]bv\pw Dƒs∏-Sp∂
Gjybpw B{^n-°bpw bqtdm-∏p-apƒs∏-Sp∂ {]tZ-i-ßƒ apgp-h≥
kXy-th-Z-Øns‚ {]Im-i-h-e-b-Øn¬ s]ń-cp-∂p. t]¿jy≥-˛-tdmam
km{am-Py-Øns‚ lrZ-b-X-e-Øn-emsI kXy-th-Z-Øns‚ h¿W-cm-Pn-
Iƒ \ndw-I-e¿Øn. B¿Yn-I-Xm-]hpw Bbp-[-i-‡n-bp-a√, AXn-ep-
32
]cn Hcm-flob i‡n-bpsS hnkvab km∂n-[y-amWv kXy-th-Z-Øns‚

hnImkhr≤n-Iƒ°v \nZm-\w.
P\-ß-tfm-Smbn kXy-th-Z-{KŸw tNmZn® tNmZy-ßfpw Ahsc
{]t_m-[n-∏n® Bi-b-ßfpw Gsd bp‡n-`-{Z-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p:
""]d-bp-I, Ah\mWv A√m-lp. Ah≥ GI-\m-Wv.
A√mlp Bscbpw B{i-bn-°m-Ø-h-\m-Wv.
Ghcmepw B{i-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw.
Ah≥ P\n-∏n®n-ń-√, P\n®n´p-an-√.
Ah\p Xpey-\mbn Bcp-an-√.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 112: 1˛4)
(27: 60˛62, 64 kq‡-ßfpw ImWpI)
A√m-lp-hn-s\-b-√msX as‰m-∂n-s\bpw `b-s∏-SmØ Hcp hntij
kaq-lw. `b-c-ln-Xcmbn, kzX-{¥-cmbn Ah¿ hf-cm≥ XpS-ßn. euIn-
I-amb kIe ASn-a-Ø-ß-fn¬\n∂pw tamNn-X-cm-bn, ssZh-Øns‚
am{Xw ASn-a-I-fmbn Ah¿ amdn. Ah-cnse k¿K-i‡n {]hr-≤-am-
bn.
A∂sØ Atd-_y≥ kaq-lw \qdm-bncw Zp»o-e-ßƒsIm≠pw
Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-ƒsIm≠pw aen-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. aZy-]m-\w, NqXm-´w, hy`n-Nm-
cw, B`n-Nmcw ]ns∂ Idbp-d-™p-\n∂ Ipsd A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fpw.
aZy-]m\w Atd-_y≥ Pohn-X-Øns‚ Ahn-—n∂ LS-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Xzd^ F∂ Ihn Cßs\ ]mSn-b-Xmbn Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImWmw:
""bp≤hpw aZyhpw aZn-cm-£n-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬
]ns∂ Pohn-X-Øn-s\-¥¿Yw?''
as‰m-c-d_n°hn Cßs\ ]mSn:
""Rm≥ acn-®m¬ Fs∂-sbmcp
ap¥ncn h≈n-bpsS apc´v Ipgn-®n-S-Ww.''
s]Ïp-ń-Isf sIm√p∂ ]Xnhv Pmln-enø Ime-Ønse Nne
tKm{X-ß-fpsS tæ—-amb apJ-ap-{Z-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ipgn-shń kz¥w aIsf
Poh-t\msS AXn¬ sh®v aqSn-s°m∂ ss]im-Nn-I-Xz-Øn¬\n∂v
""bq{^-ókv XocØv Hcm-ń≥Ipń ]ńWn InS-∂m¬ Rm\-Xn\v kam-
[m\w ]d-tb-≠n-hcpw'' F∂v ]d-bp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v Ad_na\-
ns\ am‰n-sb-SpØ hn{ipX hnπ-h-am-W-hnsS \S-∂-Xv.
Hcn-°¬ kndnbbn¬ ]ńWn Bfn-∏-S¿∂-t∏mƒ Jeo^m Da¿
DØ-c-£-W-Øn-e-hn-sS-sbØn tdj≥ kwhn-[m-\-Øn\v t\XrXzw
\¬Inb IY hnkva-cn-°m-h-X-√. tdj≥ tKmX-ºns‚ Nm°v Npa∂p
33
\oßp∂ Da-dn-t\mSv H-cmƒ ""Jeo-^-bpsS Nm°v Rm≥ Npa-∂p-sIm-

≈mw'' F∂p ]d-™-t∏mƒ ""\msf ]c-tem-IØv Fs‚ `mcw Npa-
°mtam?'' F∂v tNmZn-°p∂ Hcp cwK-ap-≠v. km{am-Pym-[n-]-\mb Da¿
Cu¥-a-c-®p-h-ń¬ ]\-tbm-e-bn¬ InS-∂p-d-ßnb kw`-hw. hmßp-Ibpw
hn¬°p-Ibpw sNøm-hp∂ Dcp-∏-Sn-I-fmbn kv{XoIƒ amdnb ImeØv
""\nß- t fmSv \nß- f psS ]Xv \ n- a m¿°p- ≈ - X p- t ]mse \nßƒ°v
AhtcmSpw Nne _m[y-X-I-fps≠''∂v {]Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ AsXmcp
kmaq- l nI hnπ- h - Ø ns‚ ]S- l - [ z- \ n- b mbn amdp- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p.
Ahƒ°pw ]pcp-j-s\-t∏mse Bflm-hp-s≠∂pw kzØ-h-Imiw A\p-
h-Zn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂pw kv{Xohn-Zym-`ymkw \n¿_-‘n-X-am-°-W-sa∂pw
`mcybpw `¿Ømhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w A`n-∂-am-sW∂p ImWn-°m≥
`mcysb CW(- k u- P v ) F∂mWv hnfn- t °- ≠ - s X∂pw kv { XobpsS
kmaqly ]Zhn ]pcp-j-s\m∏w Db¿Ø-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-sW∂pw \njv-
I¿jn®p Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn.
A£-c-]-T\w AYhm hnZym-Zm\w ssZhn-I-hr-Øn-bm-sW∂p
IcpXn a\p-jy-a-\- p-Isf {]_p-≤-am-°m\pw I¿tam’pIam-°m\pw
Ckvem-anI kaqlw ImWn® Xm¬]cyw Af-h-‰-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. hmb-
\-bpsS hmXm-b-\-Øn-eqsS t\m°n-bm¬ am{Xta ssZhn-I-c-l-ky-
ß-f-dn-bm\pw {]]© kuµ-cy-am-kz-Zn-°m\pw Ignbq F∂dnbn®
aXkwkvIr-Xn-bmbn Ckvemw Adn-b-s∏-´p. a\p-jy-\p-th≠n ssZh-
sam-cp-°nb alm-hn-`-h-ß-fpsS Ie-h-d-bmWv {]Ir-Xn-sb∂pw AX-
dn™p {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ a\p-jy\v Ign-b-W-sa∂pw {]Ir-Xn-sb-
°p-dn-®p≈ kq£va-]-T\w t]mepw kI-e⁄\pw k¿h-i-‡-\p-amb
ssZh-Øns‚ AkvXn-Xz-Øn-te-°mWv \sΩ \bn-°p-∂-sX∂pw kXy-
thZw {]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. B[p-\n-I-imkv{X ]T-\-ßƒ°v {]mcw-`-
I-Xz-sa-Sp-°m\pw temI-\m-K-cn-I-X-bpsS ASn∏S-shm-cp-°m\pw B
\qX\ kwkvIm-c-Øn\v km[n-®p.
""CXv A¥y-\m-fm-sW∂p Icp-Xp-I. F∂m¬ t]mepw Hcm-fpsS
Iøn¬ Hcp hnØp-s≠-¶n¬ AX-h≥ Ipgn-®n-S-s´. Hcp-h≥ \√ Dt±-
iy-tØmsS Hcp ê-hr-£-Øns‚ hnØp Ipgn-®n-´m¬ hr£w hf¿∂p-
h- e p- X mbn êw Imbv ° p- t ºmƒ I≈≥ I´psIm≠p- t ]m- b mepw
]£n-Iƒ sImØn-Øn-∂mepw Ah¿°Xv ]pWyw(-kz-Z-J) sNøpw''
F∂-dn-bn® Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-t{]aw A{]-ta-b-amWv.
hy‡n-˛-Ip-Spw-_-˛-k-aql Pohn-X-ß-fnse AXn-km-[m-c-W-Im-cy-
ß-fn¬t]mepw {i≤n-®p-sIm-≠mWv Ckvemw Hcp temI-{I-a-Øn\v
34
cq]-I¬]\ km[n-®-Xv. hbdv \nd-®p-Æ-cpsX∂pw Hcp `mKw hmbp-

hn\pw sh≈-Øn\pw \o°n-sh-°Wsa∂pw A\m-h-iy-ambn sNe-h-
gn-°p-∂-h≥ ]nim-Nns‚ IqS∏n-d-∏mWv F∂pw kº-Øns‚ DS-am-h-
Imiw ssZh-Øn-\m-Wv, D]-t`m-Km-h-Imiw am{X-amWv a\p-jy-\p-≈Xv
F∂pw Nqj-W-taXpw ssZh-hn-tcm-[-amsW∂pw ASn-aØw ssZh-\n-
µ-bmsW∂pw aZyw Xn∑-I-fpsS amXm-hmsW∂pw Icp-Xn-sh-°p-∂Xv
{]Ir-Xn-hn-cp≤-am-sW∂pw hgn-hn´ s]cp-am-‰hpw [¿a-Nyp-Xn-bp-amWv
hdp- X n°pw Zmcn- { Zy- Ø n\pw \nZm\sa∂pw Ab¬]- ° Øv ]ńWn
XfwsIń-\n¬°p-tºmƒ arjvSm∂apÆp-∂-h≥ \tΩm-sSm-∏-ap-≈-h-
\s√∂pw B aXkwkvIrXn \njvI¿jn-®p.
Zmcn{Zyw tImdn-bn´ apJ-ssh-Ir-X-amWv Atd-_y-bpsS BZy-Ime
Ncn{Xw. F∂m¬ hfsc ]cn-an-X-amb Ime-b-f-hn\p≈n¬ IYbmsI
amdp-Ibpw kImØv hmßm≥ t]mepw Bfn-√mØ kmaqly kp`n-
£-X-bpsS A¥-co£w DZ-b-Im¥n sNmcn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Jnem-^Xv F∂Xv hnip-≤-amb P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ `c-Whn-[m-
\-am-Wv. `qcn-]-£-Øns‚ `c-Ww F∂-Xn¬\n∂v amdn \yq\-]-£-c-
£Ww IqSn-bmWv P\m-[n-]-Xy-sa∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ønb BZysØ
35
`c-W-hn-[m-\-sØ-bmWv Ckvemw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv. hn{K-l-hn-izm-

kn-Ifpw km_n-Ifpw PqXcpw ss{IkvX-h-cp-sa√mw sskzc-am-bn, kpc-
£n-X-t_m-[-tØmsS Ckvem-an-I-cm-jv{S-Øn¬ kzX-{¥-]uc-∑m-cmbn
Pohn®psh∂v Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ sXfn-™p-Im-Wmw. aX-hy-Xym-k-
ßƒ ]pe-cp∂ sshNn-{Xy-am¿∂ Hcp temI-sØ-bmWv Ckvemw hn`m-
h\ sNøp-∂-Xv. GI-im-k-\hpw aX-]-c-amb Ak-ln-jvWp-Xbpw thZ-
{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ A\n-kvem-an-I-am-Wv.
""Rm≥ A√m-lp-hnepw thZ-{K-Ÿ-Ønepw Ahs‚ {]hm-N-I-\nepw
hniz-kn-°p-t∂-S-tØmfw \nß-sf-s∂-b-\p-k-cn-°p-I. As√-∂p-h-∂m¬
\nß-sfs∂ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬\n∂v ASn-®-I-‰pI'' F∂-dn-bn-®p-sIm-
≠mWv kXy-th-Z-hn-izmkn `c-W`mc-ta¬°p-∂-Xv. A[n-Im-c-{`-a-a-√,
AXn-ep-]cn kaq-lsØ `cn-°p-∂-h≥ [¿a-\n-jvT\pw Cuiz-c-hn-izm-
kn-bp-am-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ \njvI¿j-bmWv AhnsS \ap°v t_m[y-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
""\msamcp ]pXnb kaqlw kwhn-[m\w sNøp-∂p. Cu amXr-Im-
k-aq-l-Øn¬ t`Z-`m-h-\-I-fn-√. hep-∏-s®-dp-∏-an-√. D≈-h\pw C√m-Ø-
h-\p-an√. a¿Z-I\pw a¿Zn-X-\p-an-√. h¿W-t`-Z-ß-fn-√. {]tXy-Im-h-Im-
i- ß ƒ B¿°p- a n- √ . kºØpw kuµ- c yhpw Ipehpw tKm{X- h p-
sam∂pw Bscbpw henbht\m sNdn-b-ht\m B°p-∂n-√. Hc-d-_n°v
A\-d-_n-sb-°mfpw shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-Ø-hs\-°mfpw al-Xz-ta-Xp-an-
√...'' Aßs\ Hcp ]pXnb cmjv{Sw(Citystate) AhnsS cq]wsIm≈p-
I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Htcsbmcp Cem- l n- e p≈ hnizm- k w. Hcp \nbahyh- ÿ - b psS
A\p-k-cWw. Hcp t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ A\p-kcWw. hgn\bn-°m-s\mcp
\nb- a - t Im- i - h pw. Hcp tI{µo- I rX hyh- ÿ m- ] nX cmjv { S- P o- h nXw
AhnsS- b ßs\ CXƒ hnS¿Øn. hn«- Y hpw On{Z- { ]- h - W - h p- a mb
Ad_n Pohn- X sØ Xmfeb- _ - ≤ hpw et£ym- ∑ p- J - h p- a m°n ]cn-
36
h¿Øn-∏n-°m≥ {]hm-N-I\v Ign-™p. Hcp hnip≤ hnπ-h-Øn-s‚,

kvt\tlm-Zm-c-amb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ abq-J-am-e-Iƒ aZo-\-bpsS
Pohn-XsØ a[p-c-a-b-am-°n.
shfn-]mSv hntijw
ssZh-k-tµ-i-ß-fpsS kwhm-l-I-\mWv Pn_vco¬. Pn_vco¬ apl-
Ω-Zns‚ ap∂n-se-Øp-∂p. ssZh-k-tµ-i-a-dn-bn-°p-∂p. ktµiw e`n-
°p-tºmƒ apl-ΩZv Xo¿Øpw \n»-_vZ-\m-bn-cn-°pw, AXo-h-{i-≤m-
ephpw. {]Y-a-{i-h-W-Øn¬Xs∂ Ah-sb√mw apl-ΩZv lrZn-ÿ-am-
°p-∂p. A£-c-tem]w hcmsX A\p-N-c-∑m¿°v HmXn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p.
Ah-cXv a\- nepw a‰p-]-I-c-W-ß-fn-ep-ambn ]I¿Øn-sh-°pw, AX-
Xp-t\cw Xs∂. Znhy-t_m-[\w apJy-ambpw aq∂p Xc-ap-s≠∂v thZ-
{K-Ÿ-a-dn-bn-°p∂p:
1. ssZhn-Im-ibw lrZb-Øn¬ \nt£-]n-°p-I.
2. aqkm-\-_n-tbmSv ssZhw kwkm-cn-®-Xp-t]mse Xnc-»o-e-bpsS
]nd-In¬\n∂v kwkm-cn-°p-I.
3. ZqX≥-˛-a-e-°v-˛-ap-Jm-¥ncw ktµ-i-a-dn-bn-°p-I.
km[m- c - W - b m- b n, C{µn- b - ß - f n- e q- s S- b mWv ⁄m\- k - º m- Z - \ w.
F∂m¬ C{µnbklm-b-an-√msX Nne-t∏mƒ Nne¿°p at\m-a-fi-e-
Øn¬ Nne A\p-`-h-ßƒ D≠m-Im-dp-≠v. Dd-ßp-tºm-gm-Imw, DW¿∂n-
cn-°p-tºm-gm-Imw, A¿[-kp-jp-]vXn-bn-ep-am-Imw. Dd-°-Øn-em-Ip-tºmƒ
\mw Ahsb kz]v\w F∂p hnfn-°pw.
lrZ-b-Øn¬ \nt£-]n-°¬, Xnc-»o-e°v ]nd-In¬\n∂v kwkm-
cn-°¬, ZqX≥ aptJ\ Adn-bn-°¬. as‰mcp \ne-bnepw ssZhw a\p-
jy-\p-ambn kwh-Zn-°p-∂n-√. thZ-{KŸw Cßs\ Adn-bn-°p∂p:
""A√mlp Hcp a\p-jy-t\mSpw t\¿°p-t\sc kwkm-cn-°m-dn-√.
AXp-≠m-hp-∂Xv H∂p-In¬ Znhy-t_m-[-\-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. As√-¶n¬
adbv°p ]n∂n¬\n∂v, AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-®p-sIm-≠v.
Aßs\ A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS Ah-\n-—n-°p-∂Xv B ZqX-
\n-eqsS t_m[\w \¬Ip-∂p. kwi-b-an√; A√mlp AXyp-∂-X-\m-
Wv. bp‡n-am-\pw. C∆n[w \mw \n\°v \ΩpsS I¬]-\-bm¬ ssNX-
37
\y-h-Ømb Hcp ktµiw t_m[\w \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. thZ-]p-kvX-

IsØ∏‰ntbm kXy-hn-izm-ksØ kw_-‘nt®m \n\-s°m-∂p-a-dn-
bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.''(42: 51, 52)
ZqX≥ aptJ\bp≈ t_m[-\-am-Wn-Xv. kz]v\w hgnbpw CXv km[n-
°m-dp-≠v. lndm-bnse Znhym-\p-`-h-Øn-\p-apºv sXfn™ kz]v\-ß-fn-
eqsS ssZhnI ktµ-iadn-bm≥ apl-Ω-Zn\v Ign-™n-cp-∂p. Hmtcm
kz]v\-Z¿i-\hpw apl-Ω-Zn¬ A]q¿h hnkva-b-ap-f-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂p.
ssZh-Øns‚ kwth-Z\ am[y-a-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv kz]v\w. C{_mlow
\_n-bpsS kz]v\w ]n¬°m-em-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS sXfn™ Nn{X-am-bn-cp-
∂p. aqkm-\-_n-bpsS amXm-hn\v e`n® \n¿tZiw kz]v\-Z¿∏-W-Øn-
eq-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xnc-»o-e°v ]nd-In¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v A√mlp kwkm-
cn-®-Xn\v Gsd sXfn-hp-I-fn-√, H∂p-am{Xw:
""aqkmbp-ambn A√mlp kwkm-cn®p''(4: 164). CuPn-]vXn-te°v
Xncn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒ, hgn-bdn-bmsX hnj-an-®-t∏mƒ, kl-Nm-cn-bmb `mcy
t]‰p-t\mhp sIm≠p-g-∂-t∏mƒ, sImSpw XWp-∏nepw Iń-°q-cn-cp-ńepw
hne-]n-®-t∏mƒ AI-eØv XoPzme I≠p. {]Xym-i-tbmsS ASpØp
sN∂-t∏mƒ Ai-co-cn-t]mse Hcp i_vZw. AXv A√m-lp-hn-t‚-Xm-bn-
cp-∂p. aqk, A√m-lpsh ImWmsX tIƒ°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂m-
asØ t_m[-\-am-[yaw ae-°m-Wv, ZqX-\m-Wv. Pn_vco¬ aptJ\ apl-
Ω-Zn\v ssZh-t_m-[\w e`n-°p-∂p.
"hlvbv' F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿Yw thK-X-bn¬ \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ cl-
ky-amb kqN-\m-k-tµiw F∂m-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ hN-\-Øn\v hlvbv
F∂p ]-d-bm≥ ImcWw AXv thKw thKw Cd-ßp∂psh∂Xpw AXv
e`n- ° p∂ Bf- √ msX a‰m- c p- a - d n- b p- I - b n- s √- ∂ - X p- a m- W v . F∂m¬
A√mlp Xs∂ a‰p h√-h-tcbpw AXns‚ IqsS Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp∂
]£w Abmƒ°pw AXn-s\- w-_-‘n® Adnhv e`n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-
°pw. A√mlp Xs‚ Zmk-tcmSv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v aq∂p am¿K-ß-
fp-]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-s≠∂v kqNn-∏n®p Ign-™p-h-t√m.
A∂v apl-Ω-Zn\v hb- v \m¬]Xv. Hcp-\mƒ apl-ΩZv lndm-Kp-l-
bn¬ [ym\-eo-\-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Pn_vco¬ F∂ ae°v apl-Ω-Zns‚
ap∂n-se-Øn. shfn-]m-Sns‚ IYbhnsS XpS-ßp-∂p. F∂m¬, shfn-
]m-Sns‚ IYbv°v AXn-ep-tasd ]g-°-ap-≠v. lndm-bnse khn-ti-
jm-\p-`-h-Øn\v aptº-Xs∂ apl-Ω-Zn\v kz]v\-Z¿i-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-
sh∂v BCi ]d™-Xmbn _pJmcn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ""ssZh-
Zq-X∂p≈ t_m[-\-Øns‚ XpS°w \n{Zm-th-f-bnse bYm¿Y kz]v\-
38
ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p''(_p-Jm-cn). B kz]v\-ßƒ Ahy-‡-amb Hcp Akzm-

ÿy-ambn apl-Ω-Zns\ ]n¥p-S¿∂p. A∂p-sXm-´mWv apl-ΩZv GIm-
¥-Xsb CjvS-s∏´p XpS-ßn-b-Xv. GIm-¥-X-bpsS \nXm¥ \n»-_vZ-
X-bn¬ Ign-bp-tºmƒ, apl-Ω-Zns‚ a\- n\v `mc-sam-s´m-gn™p Xocp-
tºmse tXm∂pw. Aß-s\-bmWv [ym\-Øn\-\p-tbm-Py-amb lndm-
Kpl Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. AhnsS sN∂n-cn-°pI Hcp ]Xn-hm-°n. Kuc-h-
anb∂ GtXm Pohn-X-hr-Øn°v apS-ßmsX t]mIp∂ Hcm-sf-t∏m-se-
bmWv F∂pw hk-Xn-bn¬ \n∂n-d-ßp-I. a\t»m`-bpsS ]cym-bamb
JZoP Blm-c-sam-cp°n apl-Ω-Zns\tb¬]n-°pw. ]e-t∏mgpw sshIn-
bmWv Xncn- s ®- Ø p- I . Nne- t ∏mƒ Zn\- c m- { X- ß ƒ Ahn- s S- Ø s∂
Ign™psh∂pw hcpw. Hcp IpSpw-_n-\n-bpsS hnjaw \ap-°q-ln-°m≥
Ign-bpw. "\ncp-Ø-c-hm-Z-]-c-ambn' Pohn-°p∂ Hcp `¿Øm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v
GXv `mcy-°mWv aXn-∏p-≠m-hpI? F∂m¬ apl-Ω-Zns‚ Ae-£y-
amb Pohn-XsØ Nq≠n `¿’n-°mt\m At±-lsØ KpW-tZm-jn-
°mt\m At±-l-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-e-£y-ß-sf-¥m-sW-∂v At\z-jn-°m≥
t]meptam B aln-fm-cXv\w Hcn-°epw Hcpsºń-√. A{]nbw tXm∂n-
°p∂ apJ-`mhw t]mepw Ah¿ {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-√. {]Xyp-X, F√m-‰n\pw
Xs‚ ]n¥p-W-bp-s≠-∂-dn-bn-°p-amdv lrZ-bw-K-a-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS
s]cp-am‰w.
JZoP kº-∂-bpw kmaq-ly-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ZØ-{i-≤-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Nn¥m-ioehpw bp‡n-t_m-[-hp-ap-≈-hfm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n-´p-t]mepw
`¿Øm-hns‚ hnNm-c-hr-Øn-I-fpsS \ymbm-\ym-b-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v hni-
I-e\w sNømt\m hne-bn-cp-Ømt\m Xp\n-™-Xm-b-dnhn-√. ]e Zn\-
cm-{X-ß-fnepw `¿Ør-km-∂n[yw t]mepw X\n-°-\p-`-hn-°m\nS-h-cm-
dn-s√-¶nepw AtXm¿Øp hymIp-e-s∏-Smt\m ]cn-`-hn-°mt\m Ah¿°v
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcp `¿Øm-sh-∂-\n-e-bn¬ apl-Ω-Zns‚ {]Ir-
Xhpw s]cp-am-‰hpw A{X-am{Xw \njvI-]-Shpw If-¶-c-ln-X-hp-am-sW∂v
JZoP°dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahy-‡-sa-¶nepw A\-\y-km-[m-c-W-amb
GtXm Hcp ZuXy- \ n¿h- l - W - Ø ns‚ ]mX- b n- e mWv Xs‚ `¿Øm-
sh∂v Nne-t∏m-sg-¶nepw Ah¿°v tXm∂n-°m-Wpw. Hc-‘-amb hnizm-
k-Zm¿Vyw sIms≠-∂-t]mse apl-Ω-Zns‚ Ncy-Ifpw Ne-\-ß-fp-
sa√mw ]p\-x]-cn-tim-[-\°v hnt[-b-am-°msX AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw A\p-
k-cn-°m\pw B aln-fm-c-Xv\-Øn\v Ign-™p. euInI Pohn-X-Øn¬
]mXn saømbhIm-i-s∏-Sp∂ ]Xv\n ]pcp-js‚ hnP-bu-∂-Xy-ß-fpsS
i‡n-t{km-X- mbn Adn-b-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. \¬∏mXn saøn¬\n∂v In´p∂
t{]m’m-l-\hpw {]tNm-Z-\hpw ]pcp-j-[¿a-]q¿Øn°v A{X-am{Xw
39
\nbm-a-I-am-Wv. A°m-cy-Øn¬ Zm¿i-\n-I-th-Zn-bn¬ A`n-{]m-b-t`-Z-ß-

fn-√. kmam-\y-Zr-jvSn-bn¬, sXmgn-sem∂pw sNøm-sX, Xo¿Øpw Ae-
k-\m-bn, Bcpw ImWmsX, Hcp Kpl-bn¬ "sN∂n-cp-∂p-d-ßp∂' apl-
Ω-Zn\v kvt\l-hn-izm-k-ßfpw BZ-chpw AwKo-Im-chpw \¬In kwc-
£n-°p-Ibpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-t]m∂ JZoP Hc-km-
[m-c-W-a-\- m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahy-‡-amb Hcpƒhn-fn-bpsS Aew-Ly-amb
A\p-im-k-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-b-h-s\-t∏m-se, apl-ΩZns‚ a\- ns\
ssZhw ]mI-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bncp∂p.
shfn-]m-Sns‚ BZym-\p-`-hsØ apl-ΩZv Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p:
""Pn_vco¬ Fs‚ ap∂n¬ h∂p. hmbn°q F∂v ]d-™p. F\n°v
hmbn-°m≥ Adn-bp-I-bn√ F∂v Rm≥ ]d-™-t∏mƒ Fs∂ ]nSn-
s®m-∂-a¿Øp-Ibpw hmbn°q F∂v ho≠pw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Rm≥
adp- ] Snbmbn ]g- b - X p- X s∂ Bh¿Øn- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p. c≠mw
{]mh-iyhpw Fs∂ KmV-ambn Ic-h-e-b-Øn-sem-Xp-°p-Ibpw hmbn°q
F∂v B⁄m-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp-h´w IqSn CXm-h¿Øn-°-
s∏-´p. ]ns∂ Pn_vco¬ Cßs\ ]d-™p-Xp-Sßn:
"{kjvSm-hmb \ns‚ c£n-Xm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ hmbn°pI.
Ah≥ Hń-∏n-Sn® hkvXphn¬\n∂v
a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®p.
\ns‚ c£n-Xmhv G‰hpw HuZm-cyhm\mIp-∂p.
t]\-sIm≠v ]Tn-∏n-®-h-\s{X Ah≥.
a\p-jy\v Adn-bm-ØXv Ah≥ ]Tn-∏n-®p.'
C{Xbpw ]d™v Pn_vco¬ A{]-Xy-£-\m-bn.''
XpS¿®- b mbn ]I¿Ønsbgp- X - s ∏´ H∂m- b n- c p- ∂ n√ Jp¿- B ≥.
{]hm-N-Is‚ Pohn-Xm¥yw hsc AXn\v {KŸ-cq]w t]mep-ap-≠m-bn-
cp-∂n-√. \nc-¥-c-ambn Hcp Ddh t]mse shfn-]m-Sp-≠m-Ip-sa∂ {]Xym-
i-sIm≠m-hmw Jp¿-B∂v {KŸ-cq]w \¬Im≥ \_n-bpsS PohnX
ImeØv A\pN-c-∑m¿ Xøm-dm-Im-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ
bYm-h-kcw ]I¿Øn-sh-°m≥ \_n Xs∂ Nne Fgp-Øp-Imsc \n›-
bn-®n-cp-∂p. A_q-_-°¿, Da¿, Dkvam≥, Aen, sskZp_v\p km_n-
Øv, D_-øp_v\p IAv_v, km_nØp_v\p ssJkv, F∂n-h-cmWv
A°q-´-Ønse {]ap-J¿.
]I¿Øn-sh-°pIsb∂Xv A∂v {]bm-k-ta-dnb Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂p.
]\-tbm-e, tXm¬, ac-∏-e-I, an\p-k-ap≈ I√p-Iƒ, BSv HÍw F∂n-
hbpsS F√p- I ƒ- ˛ - C - h - b n- s em- s °- b mWv ]I¿Øn- s h- ® - X v . I√n¬
40
sImØn-b-Xp-t]mse a\- n¬ Ipdn-°m≥ Ign™ Iptd t]cp-≠m-

bn-cp∂p A∂v. Ah-cn-eq-sSbpw Ime-Øn\v ambv®p-I-f-bm-\m-hm-Ø-
hn[w shfn-]m-Sp-h-N-\-ßƒ Pohn-®p.
B{K-ln-°p-tºmƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ H∂√ shfn-]m-Sv. Ccp-
]-Øn-aq∂v h¿j-ß-fpsS Ime-hn-kv-Xr-Xn-°-I-ØmWv shfn-]m-SpIfp-
≠m-b-Xv. A\p-kyq-X-amb Hcp {]hm-l-K-Xnbpw AXn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-
√. C∂v Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp∂ hnj-b-{I-aw-t]mepw AXn-\p-
≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]e Ime-ß-fn-embn kµ¿`m-\p-kmcw Ah-Xo¿W-am-
b-h-bm-W-h. {ipXn-I-sf-t∏mse tI´-dn™m-WnXv Gsdbpw {]N-cn-®-
Xv. Hm¿a-bn¬ kq£n-®-h¿ acn-°p-∂-tXmsS shfn-]mSp hN- p-Iƒ
\in-°m-\n-S-h-cp-∂Xv a\p-jy-cm-in°v Xocm-\-jvS-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂v A∂v
Nne-sc-¶nepw Bi-¶n-®p. Jeo^m A_q-_-°-dns‚ ap∂n¬ Nne¿
Cu Bi-¶-b-h-X-cn-∏n-®p.
A°m-e-ØmWv bam-a-bnse AXn-`-b-¶-c-amb t]mcm-´-ap-≠m-b-Xv.
I]Shnizm-kn-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ D{K≥ t]mcm-´-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. {]hm-
N-I-sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ lrZn-ÿ-am-°n-sh® \nc-h[n t]¿ B bp≤-Øn¬
c‡-km-£n-I-fmbn. Adn-hp-≈-h-cpsS hwi-\miw hcp-Øp∂ òI-c-
hn-]Øv Kuc-hanb∂ Nn¥°pw ]cn-K-W-\°pw hnt[-b-am-bn. Zo¿L-
Zr-jvSn-bmb Da¿ Jeo^sb kao-]n®v shfn-]mSv hN-\-ßƒ°v C\n-
sb-¶nepw {KŸ-cq]w \¬In ]cn-c-£n-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-sW-∂-
dn-bn®p.
{]hm-N-Is‚ Pohn-X-Im-eØv AØ-c-samcp {ia-ap-≠m-bn-s√-∂-
Xn-\m¬ AXns\ \msf temIhpw Imehpw A_q-_-°-dns‚ Ahn-
th-I-am-bn-°-cp-Xn-tb-°ptam F∂v `b∂ Jeo^ BZy-amZyw B
\n¿tZ-i-tØmSv hn{]-Xn-]Øn ImWn-®p-sh-¶nepw ]fin-X-∑m-cp-sSbpw
]Iz-a-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-bßsf am\n-®p-sIm≠v AXn-\m-h-iy-amb
\S-]-Sn-I-fm-cw-`n-®p. {]hm-N-Is‚ hnNm-c-k-Z- n¬ IqSp-X¬ XhW
]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw shfn-]m-Sp-h-N- p-I-fm-sI, A£-c-tem]w hcmsX
A∏Sn lrZn-ÿ-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hnip-≤-a-\- mb sskZp_v\p
km_n-Øn-s\-bmWv Jeo^ Cu alXvIr-Xy-Øns‚ Npa-Xe G¬]n-
®- X v . Hcp D]m- k - \ m- h r- Ø n- t ]mse sskZp_v \ p km_nØv Xs‚
ZuXy-am-cw-`n-®p. At±-lw, In´m-hp∂ kIe hkvXp-X-Ifpw sXfn-hp-
Ifpw kw`-cn®v shfn-]mSv hN-\-ßƒ°v {KŸ-cq]w \¬In A_q-_-
°sd G¬]n-®p. B hnin-jvS-{KŸw Jeo^m A_q-_-°-dpsS Ime-
tijw Da-dns‚ kPo-h-{i-≤-bn¬ kq£n-°-s∏-´p. ]ns∂ At±l-
Øns‚ ]p{Xnbpw \_n-]-Xv\n-bp-amb l^vk-bmWv thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚
41
kq£n-∏p-Im-cn-bm-b-Xv.
h¿j-ßƒ ]e-Xp-I-gn-™p. Ckvem-an-I-tem-I-Øns‚ AXn-cp-Iƒ
Gsd hnI-kn-®p. ]e tZi-°mcpw `mj-°m-cp-amb Bfp-Iƒ Ckvem-
an-te°v IS-∂p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]pXp-Xmbn h∂-h¿ hnip-≤-{KŸw
]mcm- b Ww sNøp- t ºmƒ sX‰p- I ƒ hcp- Ø p- ∂ - X mbn A∂sØ
Jeo^bmb Dkvam≥ a\- n-em-°n. Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬
am‰-ßƒ \pg-™p-I-b-dm-\n-S-bp-s≠∂v At±lw Bi-¶-s∏-´p.
{]hm-N-Is‚ ka-Im-en-Icpw shfn-]mSv hN- p-Iƒ kkq£vaw
lrZn- ÿ - a m- ° n- b - h - c pamb aq∂p- t ]sc Dkv a m≥ £Wn- ® p- h - c p- Ø n.
l^vk-bpsS Iøn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ thZ-{KŸw ]cn-tim-[-\°pw hni-
I-e-\-Øn\pw hnt[-b-am-°n. {]hm-NIs‚ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ {]Np-c-am-
bn-cp∂ coXn-bnepw k{º-Zm-b-Ønepw Jp¿-B≥ ]p\x-kw-hn-[m\w
sNøm≥, \nbp‡ ]finX kwL-Øn\v km[n-®p. thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚
Ggv ]I¿∏p-I-sf-Sp-Øp (F-Æ-Øn¬ `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v). Iq^, _kz-
d, imw, ba≥, _lvssd≥, a° F∂o {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v Hmtcm
]I¿∏v Ab-®p. Hcp ]I¿∏v Dkvam≥ Xs‚ ]°epw kq£n-®p. ip≤n-
bn-ep≈ \nc-¶p-i-amb Xm¬]cyw sIm≠v, shfn-]mSp hN- p-I-fp-
ambn _‘-s∏´ as‰√m tcJ-Ifpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw \in-∏n-°p-hm≥
Jeo^m Dkvam≥ DØ-c-hn-d-°n. ssZhn-I-amb shfn-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ ambw
IecmXn-cn-°m\mbn, CXp-t]m-semcp Pm{KXm b⁄w a‰m-sc-¶nepw
\n¿h-ln-®-Xmbdnhn-√. temI-Øn-t∂mfw Hcp P\-]-Zhpw Hcp Pohn-
X-Z¿i-\-sØbpw C{X-tbsd Bth-i-tØmSpw Bflm¿Y-X-tbmSpw
IqSn lrZn-ÿ-am-°p-hm\pw ]hn-{X-X-tbmsS s]mSn-]p-c-fmsX ]cn-c-
£n-°p-hm\pw {i≤n-®-Xn\v Ncn-{X-km-£y-an-√. aX-]-chpw ssZhn-I-
hp-am-b, sshNn-{Xy-am¿∂ Ht´sd {]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ°p apºn¬ a\p-
jy-cm-in°v km£ywhln-t°-≠n-h-∂n-´p-s≠-¶nepw apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS
shfn-]mSv hN-\-ßƒ°v ssIh-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ lrZ-bw-K-ahpw P\-
Io-b-hp-amb AwKo-Imcw as‰m-∂n\pw ssIh-∂n-ń-√.
Ime-K-Xn-bn¬ temI-a-X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw hniz-km-lnXy krjvSn-
I-fn-ep-sa√mw ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy°mcpsS CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ D≠m-bn-´p-
≠v . `K- h - Z v K o- X - b nepw alm`mcXw t]mep≈ CXn- l m- k - ß - f nepw
"{]£n- ] v X - ß ƒ' Btcm- ] n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- ≠ v . ss{Ikv X hkwkv I rXn
Du∂n- \ n¬°p∂ "]g- b - \ n- b a'hpw "]pXnb \nba'hpw a\p- j ys‚
ssII-S-Ø-ep-I-fn¬\n∂v tamNn-X-a√. Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS CS-s]-S-ep-
I-fmWv Imc-Ww. F∂m¬ Jp¿-B≥ F∂ thZ-{KŸw CXn-s\√mw
Hcp A]-hm-Z-ambn \n¬°p-∂p. Jp¿-B-\n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v CS-s]-S-
42
ep-I-fp-≠m-bn√?
1. shfn-]m-Sp-h-N- p-Iƒ {]hm-N-I≥ AXXv t\cw Xs∂ lrZn-
ÿ-am-°p∂p. XpS¿∂v A\p-N-c-∑msc tIƒ∏n-°p∂p.
2. \nbp-‡-cmb ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im¿ shfn-]mSp hN- p-Iƒ bYmk-
abw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-°p-∂p.
3. ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im¿ ]I¿∏ns‚ {]Xn {]hm-N-Is‚ hk-Xnbn¬
sIm≠p-t]mbn `{Z-ambn kq£n-°p-∂p.
4. shfn-]m-Sn-d-ßp-tºmƒXs∂ ]e-cp-aXv lrZn-ÿ-am°n hym]-I-
amb {]Nmcw \¬Ip-∂p.
5. _lp-P\ hyh-lmc kµ¿`-ß-fn-se√mw shfn-]m-Sp-h-N- p-Iƒ
HmXp-Ibpw ]mcm-bWw sNøp-Ibpw ]Xn-hm-Wv.
6. Jp¿-Bs‚ kpc-£n-XXzw ssZhw kzbw Gs‰-Sp-Øp. AXv
km[n-X-amIpw hn[w H∂mw Jeo^ A_q-_-°-dns‚ Ime-Øp-Xs∂
AXv {KŸ-cq-]-Øn-em-°n.
7. Dkvams‚ kmc-Yy-Øn¬, Jp¿-B≥ kam-l-cn-°p-tºmƒ, shfn-
]mSvthf-bn¬Xs∂ Ah ]I¿Ønb \nc-h-[n-t]¿ Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p.
8. Jp¿-B≥ hmIy-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {]hm-NI≥ Npa-X-e-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bhsc√mw kXyk‘Xbn¬ kwi-bm-XoXcmbn-cp∂p.
9. h¿jw-tXmdpw da-Zm≥ amk-Øn-semcp Znh-kw, kXy-tim-[-
43
\m¿Yw hs∂-Øp∂ Pn_vco-ens‚ ap∂n¬ {]hm-N-I≥ Jp¿-B≥

Hcm-hrØn ]q¿W-ambpw sNm√n t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
10. Znhy-k-tµiw e`n-°p-tºmƒ \_n-bpsS hmbn¬\n∂v shfn-
]m-Sp-h-N-\-ßƒ t\cn´p tI´ c≠p-t]¿ km£yw hln® kq‡-ßtf
"apkvl-^n'¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.
11. \_n-bpsS kZ- n¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw Jp¿-
B≥ ]q¿W-ambpw kq£va-ip≤ambpw lrZn-ÿ-am-°pIbpw sNbvX
sskZp_v \ p km_n- Ø mWv Jp¿- B ≥ BZy- a mbn {KŸ- c q- ] - Ø n¬
Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. kXy-ip≤n AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kzm`m-hn-Iw. B
{KŸw BZyw Jeo^m A_q- _ - ° - d ns‚bpw ]ns∂ Da- d ns‚bpw
XpS¿∂v \_n-]-Xv\n-bmb l^vk-bp-sSbpw kq£va-{i-≤-bn¬ kq£n-
®p-t]m-∂p.
12. ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-amb Jp¿-B≥ {KŸ-ßƒ Atd-
_y-bpsS NXp¿Zn-i-I-fn-ep≈ `c-Wm-e-b-ß-fn¬ ssZh-\n-[n-t]mse
kq£n- ° - s ∏- ´ p.(- A - \ - h - [ m- \ - X - s Im≠v Bi- b - ° p- g - ∏ - a p- ≠ m- h m- X n- c n-
°m≥ A\-[n-Ir-X-amb ]I¿∏p-I-sf√mw \ntcm-[n-®p.)
13. hnizm-kn-I-sf√mw thZ-{K-ŸsØ "ssZh-IrXw' F∂v \njvI-
]-S-ambn hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬, AXn-se-s¥-¶nepw Iqń-t®¿°-
ep-Itfm Ingn-s®m-gn-°tem Acp-Xm-Ø-Xm-sW∂ I´]nSn® hnizmkw
ChnsSsbmc-\p-{Kl-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p.
C°mcWß-fm¬ Jp¿-B≥, ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy-°m-cpsS CS-s]-
S-ep-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-ImsX sXfn-™p-b¿∂p-\n¬°p∂p F∂p {Kln-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
]e-Im-e-ß-fn-embn hyXykvX Af-hp-I-fn-emWv shfn-]mSv hN-
p-I-fn-d-ßn-b-Xv. Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂v h¿j-ß-fpsS Ime-hn-kvXr-Xn-°-I-
Øn-d-ßn-b-XmWv shfn-]m-Sp-I-sf-√mw. Hcm-b-Øp-ap-X¬ ]Øv Bb-
44
Øp-Iƒhsc H‰b-Sn-°n-d-ßp-I-bp≠m-bn-´p-≠v. a°-bn-sebpw aZo-\-bn-

sebpw shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ kq£va-hn-Nn-¥-\-Øn¬, cq]-`m-h-X-e-ß-fn¬
hyXn-cn-‡-ß-fm-bn-°m-Wmw. HuNn-Xyhpw kµ¿`hpw kml-N-cy-ß-
fp-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ. {]tbm-K-£-aX ]cn-K-Wn®pw IqSp-
X¬ {]tbm-K-h¬°-c-W-Øn\-h-kcw \¬In-bpw A\p-I¿Øm-°ƒ°v
`mc-ambn tXm∂m-Xn-cn-°m-\p-am-bn-cn-°-Ww shfn-]m-Sp-h-N- p-Iƒ {lkz-
ß-fmbpw hnfw-_n-X-ß-fmbpw Cd-ßn-b-sX∂v Zm¿i-\n-I-∑m¿ Nq≠n-
°m-Wn-®n-´p-≠v. {]hm-N-I-lr-Zbw ]e-t∏mgpw Zp¿h-l-Zpx-J-Øn\v hnt[-
b-ambn Np´p-X-]n-®n-´p-≠v. At∂-c-sams° {]hm-N-I\v Ipfn-cmbpw kpJ-
te-]-\-ambpw shfn-]m-Sp-I-f-\p-`-h-s∏-´p.
""Ct±-l-Øn-\v(-\-_n-°v) Jp¿-B≥ apgp-h-\m-bn, H‰-Ø-h-W-bmbn
Cd-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-sX-¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂v kXy\ntj[n-Iƒ tNmZn-°p-∂p.
Aßs\ sNbvX-Xv(-]-e-{]m-h-iy-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv) Xm¶-fpsS lrZ-
bsØ AXp-sIm≠v \mw _e-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn-\mWv. km-h-Im-i-Øn¬
AXns\ \mw HmXn-Ø-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 25: 32)
Jp¿B≥-˛-H-cm-eb ]cn-Nbw
""kakvX a\p-jy¿°pw k∑m¿K-Zm-b-Ihpw am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-s‚bpw
kXym-k-Xy-hn-th-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw kv]jvS-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpƒs°m-≈p-
∂-Xp-amb''(2: 185) Jp¿-B≥ F∂ thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ Ak-Zr-i-X-I-
sf-°p-dn®v ]e kµ¿`-ß-fn-embn Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂ kv]jvS-ambn tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. BIm-i-`q-an-I-sf-°p-dn®pw a\p-jy-cm-in-sb-°p-dn®pw
A√m-lp, amem-Jam¿, ac-Wm-\-¥c PohnXw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-°p-dn®pw
temI-\m-i-sØ-kw-_-‘n®pw ]pXnb temI-kw-hn-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw
hn[n-Zn\w, Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]v, I¿a-êw kw_-‘n-®p≈ {]h-N-\-
ß- s f- ° p- d n®pw thZ- { KŸw kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ p≠v ; A{X- t Ømfw
_rlØpw hym]-I-hp-amWv Jp¿-Bs‚ Bi-b-X-ew.
kaq-l-t{i-Wn-bpsS hyXykvX ]S-hp-I-fn¬ Ign-bp∂ Ipń-Iƒ,
c£mI¿Øm-°ƒ, `mcym-`¿Øm-°ƒ, _‘p-P-\-ßƒ, A\m-Y¿, hn[-
h- I ƒ, bp≤- Ø - S - h p- I m¿, Ab¬hm- k n- I ƒ- - F - ∂ n- h ¿ ]c- k v ] cw
Fßs\ s]cp-am-dWw F∂-dn-bm≥t]mcp-∂ sXfn-hm¿∂ Nn{X-ßƒ
thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn-ep-≠v. DS-º-Sn, \oXn-\ym-bw, cmPy-c-£, cmPym-Xn¿Øn-
Iƒ, tbm≤m-°ƒ, bp≤-cw-Kw, bp≤-ap-X-ep-Iƒ, km[m-c-W-Po-hnXw,
45
hońepw kaq-l-Ønepw kZ- p-I-fnepw Fß-s\-sb√mw s]cp-am-dWw

XpS-ßn-b-hsb°pdn-s®-√m-ap≈ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ CXn-ep-≠v.
{In. 610 apX¬ 632 hsc-bp≈ Ime-b-f-hn¬ cq]w-sIm≠ Hcp
{KŸ- Ø n¬ kzm`m- h n- I - a mbpw Iptd- t bsd s]mcp- Ø - t °- S p- I fpw
sshcp-[y-ßfpw Bcpw Bi-¶n-°p-sa-¶nepw hnkva-b-I-c-sa∂p ]d-b-
s´, At\ym\y hncp-≤-ß-fmb bmsXm∂pw Jp¿-B-\n¬ ImWm≥
km[n-°p-I-bn-√. am{X-hp-a-√, kv^pSwsNbvXm-ep-≠m-hp∂ Bi-bm-
Z¿i- ß - f psS A`n- h y- ‡ X {]Ir- X - { K- Ÿ sØ Ak- Z r- i - a m- ° n-
Øo¿°pI IqSn sNøp-∂p. AXp-hgn a°o-hn-`m-K-Øn-ep≈ 86˛Dw aZ-
\o-X-e-Øn¬ s]´ 28˛Dw tN¿∂ 114 A[ym-b-ßƒ kI-em¿Y-Ønepw
Bi-b-s∏m-cpØw sIm≠v GI-in-em-Jfiw t]mse ZrV-am¿∂pan-
cn-°p-∂p. ""A√mlp G‰hpw hnin-jvS-amb hN-\sØ ]c-kv]cw
s]mcp-Ø-ap-≈Xpw Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-am-b(-h-N-\-ßƒ) Dƒs°m-
≈p∂ Hcp {KŸsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.''(39: 23)
""AXv A√mlp A√m-Ø(-a-‰p-h-√)-h-cn¬\n-∂pw D≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-
sh-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah¿ AXn¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw sshcp-[y-ßƒ
Is≠Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p''(4: 82) XpS-ßnb thZ-h-N- p-Iƒ A°m-cy-amWv
hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.
Ad_n`mj-bn-emWv Jp¿-B≥ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv. sImSp-¶m‰pw
Icp-tØ-dnb {]hm-l-ßfpw krjvSn-®p-sIm≠v Ime-tasd ]n∂n-´p.
Ad_v `mjm-X-e-Ønepw kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fn¬t]mepw KW-\o-b-ß-
fmb am‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn. Ime-∏-g°w {KŸ-km-c-ß-sf-t∏mepw Zp¿_-e-
ßfpw \n¿ho-cy-ß-fp-am-°n. cN-\m-cw-K-ßfpw Bkzm-Z-\-ta-J-e-Ifpw
KW-\o-b-amb am‰-ßƒ°p hnt[-b-am-bn. F∂m¬ ]nd-∂p-hoW {]Ir-
X-Øn¬ Hcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-°m-sX, A£-c-tem-]w-h-cm-sX, {]£n-
]vX-ß-sfm∂pw Ac-tß-dm-sX, auen-I-`m-j-bp-sSbpw Bi-b-K-cn-a-bp-
sSbpw Afhpw Xq°hpw ssItamiw hcmsX As∂-∂-t]mse C∂pw
Ime-Øn-s‚bpw temI-Øn-s‚bpw tNX-\-bn¬ h¿Ww ]pc-ń-s°m-
≠v, ]c-tIm-Sn-I-fpsS \ntXym-]m-k-\°v hnt[-b-ambn Jp¿-B≥ AXn-
Po-hn-°p-∂p. Hcp]t£, Hcp am‰-Øn\pw hnt[-b-am-hmsX Imem-Xn-
h¿Øn-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw km¿h-P-\o-\-X-bp-sSbpw ku`m-Ky-a-Wn-™p-
sIm≠v \ne-sIm≈p∂ Htc-sbmcp {KŸ-hn-ti-j-ambn AXv amdn-bn-
cn-°p-∂p.
""al-Xz-]q¿W-amb Jp¿-B≥ BWn-Xv''(86: 24), ""kpc-£n-X-amb
Hcp ê-I-Øn¬ (D-√n-Jn-X-am-bXv)''(56: 25), ""Xo¿®-bm-bp-anXv \Ωp-
sS-b-Sp-°-ep≈ aqe-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ ÿnXnsNøp-∂Xpw D∂-X-]-Z-hn-bn-
46
ep-≈Xpw ⁄m\-k-ºq¿W-am-b-Xp-am-Wv''(43: 4), ""`{Z-ambn AS®p

kq£n-°-s∏´ Hcp {KŸ-Øn¬ (CXv ÿnXnsNøp-∂p)'' (56: 79) XpS-
ßnb hnti-jW-ßƒ, Jp¿-B≥ A\n-X-c-km-[m-c-W-amb Hcp {KŸ-
am-sW∂v tLmjn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
""AkXyw CXns‚ ap∂n¬\nt∂m ]n∂n¬\nt∂m CXns\ kao-]n-
°p-I-bn-√. bp‡n⁄\pw kvXpXy¿l-\p-amb A√m-lp-hn¬\n∂v Cd-
°-s∏-´-Xm-Wn-Xv.''(41: 42)
""kXy-ambpw Cu t_m[-\-{K-Ÿ-an-d-°n-bXv \mw Xs∂-bm-Wv. Xo¿®-
bmbpw \mw AXns\ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.''(15: 9)
""Xo¿®-bmbpw bp‡n-⁄\pw k¿h-⁄-\p-ambh\n¬\n∂v (A-√m-
lphn¬\n∂v) Jp¿-B≥ \n\°v \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂p.'' (27:6)
""BZ-c-Wo-bhpw kap-∂-Xhpw ]cn-ip-≤-hp-amb GSp-I-fn¬ (tc-J-s∏-
Sp-Ø-s∏-´-Xm-WnXv).'' (80: 13)
""A√m-lp-hn¬\n-∂p-≈ Hcp ZqX≥. At±lw ]hn-{X-amb GSp-Iƒ
hmbn®ptIƒ∏n-°p-∂p'' (98: 2) XpS-ßnb hN-\-ßƒ shfn-hm-°p-∂Xv
hN-\-ßƒ ssZhn-I-am-sW∂pw hN-\-k-ap-®bw AYhm Jp¿-B≥
F∂ {KŸ-Øn-s‚ s]cp-abpw Kcn-abpw A\-h-Zy-am-sW∂pw AXp-
sIm≠v AXns\ kwc- £ n- ° p- h m- \ p≈ _m[yX ssZhw kzbw
G¬°p∂p F∂p-am-Wv.
""kakv X a\p- j y¿°pw k∑m¿KZmb- I hpw am¿K- Z ¿i- \ - Ø n-
s‚bpw kXym-k-Xy-hn-th-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw kv]jvS-amb sXfn-hpIƒ
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xp-amb Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-''(2: 185) ]pWyam-
k-Ønse hn[n-\n¿Wm-bI cm{Xn-sb- w-_-‘n®pw Jp¿-B≥ {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. {]hm-N-I≥am¿ hcp∂ Imew cm{Xn-tbmSv kmZr-iy-
ap-≈-Xm-Wv. Bflo-bm-‘-Imcw Fßpw hym]n-°p-tºm-gm-Wt√m Ah¿
hcp-∂-Xv. {]hm-N-Is‚ hchv `mhn-bpsS hn[n-\n¿W-b-Øn-\p≈Xs{X.
temIØv kw`-hn-°m-\p≈ Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n®v Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-
°p∂ Imesa∂v hnh-£. Jp¿-Bs‚ Ah-X-c-W-th-f-Xs∂ a\p-jy-
cm-insb kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw A\-h-Zy-am-sW∂v shfn-hm-°p-I-bm-
W- X v .
ssZh-h-N- p-I-fpsS {]mZp¿`m-hw, Ah-bpsS Ah-Xm-c-Ww, kam-
l-c-Ww˛ F√mw h√m-sØm-c-km-[m-c-WXzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn
\ma-dn-bp-∂p. kqd-Øp¬ lZo-Znse Hcp kq‡w Gsd {it≤-bw.
""`qan-bntem \nß-fn¬ Xs∂tbm Hcm-]Øpw aptº Hcp {KŸ-Øn¬
47
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´-Xm-bn-´-√msX kw`-hn-°p-∂n-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw AXv

A√m-lp-hn\v Ffp-∏-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.'' (57: 22)
CXn¬ ]cm-a¿in-X-amb {KŸ-ta-XmWv? thZ-{K-Ÿ-⁄m-\n-I-fmb
Zm¿i-\n-I-∑m¿ CXns\ A]-{K-Yn-s®-Øn-bXv A√m-lp-hns‚ hn[n-
Ifpw Xocp- a m- \ - ß fpw tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø nb Hcp kwc- £ nX ê- I - a p-
s≠∂ kXy-Øn-te-°mWv. ssZh-km-{am-Py-Ønse kI-e-Xp-a-Xn-ep-
≠-s{X. Ime-{X-b-ß-fnse ka-kvXhpw B hnkva-b-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-®n-´p-≠v. B hnkvab ssZhn-I- tc-Jsb "eulp¬ alv^q-
fn'(-kw-c-£n-X -^-e-Iw) F∂mWv Jp¿-B≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
ssZh-samgn BZy-ambn Du¿∂n-d-ßn-bXv B alm-tc-J-bn-te-°m-Wv.
B {KŸ-sØ-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p:
""]t£, CXv al-Xz-ta-dnb Jp¿-B≥ BIp-∂p. AXv kwc-£n-
X-amb ê-I-Øn-em-Wp-≈-Xv.'' (85: 21, 22)
ssZh- _ - ‘ n- b mb kI- e Xpw tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂ B
alZvêI-amWv Jp¿-B-s‚bpw Jp¿-B≥.
Pn_vco¬ F∂ ae-°n-eqsS X∂n-te-s°m-gp-In-sb-Ønb ktµ-
i-ß-fn¬ Xt‚-Xmb H∂pw Xncp-In-∏n-Sn-∏n-°msX shfn-]m-Sp-I-fmbn
kaq-l-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ ka¿∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p {]hm-N-I≥.
""At±lw tkz—m-\p-kmcw kwkm-cn-°p-∂p-an-√. CXv At±-l-
Øn\v t_m[\w sNø-s∏-Sp∂ ktµ-i-a-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√.'' (53: 3,
4)
hnZym-`ym-k-sam∂pw ioen-°mØ, tIhew \nc-£-c-\mb Hcp
km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mWv apl-Ω-sZ-¶nepw A√m-lp-hns‚ tkmt±-iy-amb
{ia-^-e-am-bn, A£-c-tem]w hcm-sX, F¥pw kzoI-cn-°m\pw Hm¿a-
bn¬ kq£n- ° m\pw At±- l - Ø n\v Ign- b p- ∂ p. {Kl- W hpw kv a c-
Wbpw {]Im-i-\-hp-sa√mw ssZh-ln-Xm-\p-km-c-am-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah-
sbms° A\yq\w \n¿h- l n- ° - s ∏- S p- I - b m- b n. ssZh- Ø ns‚ {iaw
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ GXm\pw kq‡-ßfnXm:
""\mw \ns∂ (Jp¿-B≥) ]Tn∏n-°mw. ]ns∂ \o (-A-Xv) ad-°p-I-
bn-√.'' (87: 6)
""kXym-[n-jvTn-X-amb \ne-bn¬ \maXv \n\°v hnh-cn-®p-X-cp-∂p.''
(2: 252)
""\mw \n\°v HmXn-t°ƒ∏n-°p-∂Xv CXv.'' (3: 58)
48
""B alm-i-‡≥(Pn-_vco¬) At±-l-Øn\v AXv ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-

Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.'' (53: 5)
Jp¿- B ≥ A¬]m¬]- a mbn Ccp- ] - Ø n- a q∂v h¿j- s a- S p- Ø mWv
AhX- c n- ∏ n- ® Xv . AXp- t ]mepw F{X Bkq- { Xn- X - a m- b n- c p∂p F∂
hkvXpX \sΩ hnkva-bn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ad-_n-I-fpsS Hm¿a-i-‡n- A]m-
c-am-bn-cps∂¶n-epw A¬]m¬]-ambn Cd-°p-tºmƒ thK-Øn¬ AXv
lrZn-ÿ-am-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂p. am{X-hp-a-√, Hcp kqd-Øn¬ ]d™
{]h-N\w ]pe-cp-tºmƒ as‰mcp kqd-Øn¬ AXn-s\-∏‰n kqNn-∏n-°p-
Ibpw sNøpw. Aßs\ {]hm-N-I-s‚bpw A\p-N-c∑mcp-sSbpw lrZbw
kpZr-V-ambn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. H∂n®v Hcp {]hm-l-k-Zriw Cd-ßp-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬ Cu c≠v Dt±-iyhpw ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-I-bn-√.
""....-CXp aptJ\ \ns‚ lrZ-bsØ \mw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ th≠n-
bm-Wv. \mw AXns\ G‰hpw \√ \ne-bn¬ {Iao-I-cn®v hyh-ÿ-s∏-
Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.'' (25: 32)
{]hm-N-Is‚ Hm¿a-i-‡nsb sXfn-®p-Im-´p∂ Hcp cwKw _pJmcn
D≤-cn-°p-∂p≠v. F√m h¿jhpw da-Zm-\n¬, "B Znhy-cm-hn¬' Pn_vco¬
{]hm-N-I-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-Øm-dp-s≠∂pw Pn_vco-ens‚ \n¿tZ-i-a-\p-k-
cn®v Jp¿-B≥ apgp-h≥ Hcm-hrØn {]hm-N-I≥ ae-°ns‚ ap∂n¬
Dcp-hn-Sm-dp-s≠-∂p-amWv al-Ømb B lZokv.
{]hm-N-Is‚ ImeØv Jp¿-B≥ lrZn-ÿ-am-°nb Ht´-sd-t]¿
D≠m-bn-cp∂p-sh∂v Ncn{Xw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. A\-d-_n-Iƒ t]mepw
\nc-h-[n-t]¿ Xm¬]-cy-]q¿hw, Jp¿-B≥ lrZn-ÿ-am-°m≥ apt∂m-´p-
h-∂n-cp-∂p. C∂pw temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-Kßfn¬ Jp¿-B≥ a\x-]m-
T-am-°n-b-h¿ e£-ß-fmWv.
{]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂-bmWv {]Y-a-ambn Jp¿-B≥ apgp-h≥ kam-l-
cn- ® Xpw t{ImUo- I - c n- ® - X pw. CXnepw {]hm- N - I s‚ Hm¿a- i - ‡ n-
Z¿in°mw. ap{Z- W m- e - b - ß - f p- s Sbpw Iºyq- ´ - d p- I - f p- s Sbpw Ime- a √
AsX-t∂m¿°p-tºmƒ A\p-]-a-amb B alm -{i-a-Øn-s‚bpw k¿K-
hn-em-k-Øn-s‚bpw ap∂n¬ temIw \an-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Ime-K-W-\m -
{Iaw ]men-®p-sIm-≠√ kam-l-cW hrØn \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-´-Xv. ssZh-
\n¿tZ- i m- \ p- k - c Ww hnj- b - { I- a - Ø n- \ mWv {]hm- N - I ≥ ]cn- K - W \
\¬In-b-Xv.
BZy-¥-ßƒ kw_-‘n-∏n®p-sIm≠v {KŸ-lr-Zbw a\- n-em-°m≥
Ign-bmdp≠v. B coXn-t]mepw -]m-en-°p-∂-Xn¬ ChnsS {]tXyI
\njvI¿j ]pe¿Øn-b-Xmbn ImWmw. k¿h-tem-I -]-cn-]m-e-I\pw
49
]ca-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-a-b-\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ aln-am-Xn-i-b-

ßƒ Db¿Øn-°m-ń-bm-cw-`n-°p∂ {]m¿Y-\m-{]-h-W-amb "^mØn-l'
-ap-X¬ a\p-jy-cpsS \mY\pw a\p-jy-cpsS cmPmhpw bYm¿Y Bcm[y-
\p-amb A√m-lp-hn-\p-ap-∂n¬ A`bw{]m]n-°p∂p F∂v `‡n-eo-\-
ambn ]d-™p-sIm≠v kzbw ka¿∏n-°p∂ 114-˛mw A[ym-b-amb kqd-
Øp-∂m-kn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ Bi-b-]-c-amb `{Z-
Xbpw ChnsS ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.
]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m\pw ]mcm-bWwsNøm\pw lrZn-ÿ-am-°m\pw
A∂v hnizm-kn-Iƒ ImWn® Bthiw Af-h-‰-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿-B≥
]nd-hn-bpsS BZy-Im-eØv FXn¿∏p-I-fpw ]cn-lmk icßfpw hym]-
I-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah Zp -l-am-b-t∏mƒ Cßs\ shfn-]m-Sp-≠m-bn:
""\ΩpsS Zmk\v \mw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xp kw_-‘n®v h√ hn[-
Ønepw \nßƒ kwi- b - Ø n- e m- s W- ¶ n¬ CXn\p Xpey- a m- b -
Xn¬\ns∂mcp A[ymbw \nßƒ sIm≠p-h-cn-I. A√m-lp-hn\v ]pd-
sa-bp≈ \nß-fpsS km£n-I-sfbpw (k-lm-bn-I-sf-bpw) hnfn-®p-sIm-
≈p-I, \nßƒ kXy-hm-Zn-I-fm-sW-¶n¬'' (2: 23) (10: 38, 32: 2 F∂n-
hbpw t\m°pI). as‰mcp kµ¿`-Øn¬ Ahn-izm-kn-I-tfmSv ]Øv
kqd-Iƒ lmP-cm-°m≥ thZ-{KŸw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. ""CXv {]hm-N-
I≥ sIń-®-a-®-Xm-sW∂v Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂pthm? ]d-bp-I-: -\n-ßƒ
kXyw ]d-bp-∂-h-cm-sW-¶n¬ CXp-t]m-se-bp≈ ]Øv A[ym-b-ßƒ
sIń-®-a®p sIm≠p-h-cn-I. A√m-lp-hns\ hn´v \nßƒ°v (k-lm-b-
Øn-\v) In´m-hp∂h-sc-sb√mw \nßƒ £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.'' (11:
13)(-C-Xp-t]mse 17: 88, 28: 49, 52: 34 F∂nhbnepw ImWmw) Bh¿Øn-
®m-h¿Øn-®p≈ Cu sh√p-hnfn ]Xn-\©v \q‰m-≠p-I-tfm-f-ambn \ne-
\n¬°p-∂p, A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-am-bn, AP-ø-am-bn-Ø-s∂.
temIw \nc-h[n {]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-sfbpw ]cn-N-
b-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Jp¿-B\pw {]hm-N-I-Po-hn-Xhpw HØp-hm-bn-®-
t∏mƒ Hc-]q¿hX AhnsS t_m[y-s∏-´p. Jp¿-B-\n¬ {]Im-in-X-amb
Bi-b-ß-fpsS {Inbm-cq-]-amWv {]hm-N-I-Po-hnXw. AYhm {]hm-N-
I≥ kzPo-hn-Xw-sIm≠v thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn\v I¿a-`mjyw \¬Ip-I-bm-bn-
cp-∂p.
AXp-t]mse "hniz-kvX-\mb' P-\-\m-b-Is‚ hm°p-I-tfmSv lrZ-
bwK-aX kq£n-®p-t]m∂ Ad_v P\X shfn-]m-Sp-h-N-\-ß-sf√mw
Xm¬]-cy-]q¿hw tIƒ°p-Ibpw A£-cm¿Y-Øn¬ Pohn-X-Øn-te°v
]I¿Øp-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pmln-en-øm-Im-e-Øns‚ A‘hpw aqVhp-
50
amb hnizm- k m- N m- c - ß - f n¬\n∂v Hcp kaq- l hpw cmjv { S- a m- s I- Ø -

s∂bpw amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. H´-I-Øns‚ aq°p-I-b¿ ]nSn®p \S-°m≥
am{X-a-dn-bm-hp∂ Jpssd-in-°q-´sØ AYhm Ad-_n-Isf temI-\m-
K-cn-I-X-bpsS ]Xm-I-hm-l-I-cmbn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°m≥ {]hm-N-I-h-N-
\-ßƒ°v km[n-®p. hy‡n-bnepw kaq-l-Ønepw cmjv{S-Po-hn-X-Øn-
em-sI-Ø-s∂bpw C{X {it≤bamb ]cn-h¿Ø\w km£m¬°-cn®
as‰mcp Z¿i-\-{K-Ÿ-ap-≠m-bn-ń-√.
thZ-{K-ŸsØ Fßs\ kao-]n-°Ww F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Jp¿-
B-\n¬Xs∂ IWn-i-amb \n¿tZ-i-ß-fp-≠v. Jp¿-B-\n¬ \nc-¶p-i-
amb hnizmkw kq£n-°pI F∂-XmWv {]Y-aw.
""\nßƒ ]d-bp-I, Rßƒ A√m-lp-hnepw Rßƒ°v Ah-X-cn-
°-s∏-´-Xnepw C_vdm-lo-an\pw Ckvam-Cu-en\pw bA-vJq-_n\pw (At±-
l- Ø ns‚) k¥- X n- I ƒ°pw Ah- X - c n- ° - s ∏- ´ - X nepw aqkm°pw
Cukm°pw \¬I-s∏-´-Xn-epw (-a-‰p) {]hm-N-I≥am¿°v Ah-cpsS \mY-
\n¬\n∂v \¬I-s∏-´-Xnepw hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cn¬ Bcp-sS-bn-
S-bnepw Rßƒ hyXymkw I¬]n-°p-∂n-√. Rßƒ A√m-lp-hn\v
am{Xw Iogvs∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-am-Ip-∂p.'' (2: 136) (Cu hnizm-k-Zm¿Vyw Bh-
iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠p≈ Bb-Øp-Iƒ \nc-h-[n-bp-≠v. 3: 84, 4: 136, 6: 92,
29: 46, 47: 2, 64:8 ImWpI). Hcp kXy-thZ hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZ-b-kw-
kvIrXn hnfw-_cw sNøp∂ shfn-]m-Sp-I-fm-W-h. thZ-{KŸw ssZhn-
I-h-N- p-I-fpsS kap-®-b-am-sW-∂-Xp-sIm≠v AXn-ep≈ tIh-em-£-
c-ßƒt]mepw ]cn-K-W-\-b¿ln-°p-∂-h-bmbpw {]m]-©nI ]cm-`-h-
ßƒ°v kI-em¿Y-Ønepw ia-\u-j-[-ambpw h¿Øn-°p-∂p. AXn-
\m¬ thZ-{K-Ÿ-Ønse Hcp -hm-°p-t]mepw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-´p-Iq-Sm.
hnizm-kn-Iƒ thZ-{K-ŸsØ \nXy-]m-cm-b-W-Øn\v hnt[-bam°-W-
sa∂pw AX-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \njvI¿j Im-Wn-°-W-sa∂pw Jp¿-
B≥ A\p-im-kn-°p∂p≠v:
""\mw {KŸw \¬In-bn´v apd-{]-Imcw AXns\ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-
∂-h-cmtcm Ah¿ AXn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.'' (2: 121)
]mcm- b - W - Ø n\∏pdw A¿YXe- ß - f pƒs°m- ≈ m≥ Ign- b - W -
sa∂pw {Inbm-apJw \¬In Pohn-X-Øn-em-hn-jvI-cn-°m≥ km[n-°-
W-sa∂pw thZ-{KŸw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p.
""Ah¿ Jp¿-Bs\ kw_-‘n®v Nn¥n-°p-∂nt√?'' (4: 82)
""Ah¿ Cu hN\sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®n-ńt√?'' (23: 68)
51
""\mw \n\°v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-X∂ A\p-Kr-loX {KŸ-am-Wn-Xv.

Ah¿ CXnse hN-\-ßƒ Nn¥n®p a\- n-em-°m\pw _p≤n-am-∑m¿
D]-tZiw Ic-ÿ-am-°m-\pw- th-≠n.'' (38: 29)
""Ah¿ Cu Jp¿-B-s\-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂nt√? As√-¶n¬ Ah-
cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ ]q´-s∏´p t]mtbm?''(47: 24)
a‰p aX-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ, A\p-k-cn-°m\pw A\p-h¿Øn-°m\pw A\p-
[m-h\w sNøm\pw am{X-am-h-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, Hcp aX-Z¿i-\-Øns‚
km[m-cW {]Ir-X-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-cn-‡-ambn Jp¿-B≥ hnizm-kn-
I-tfmSv Nn¥n°m-\m-Wm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]mcm-b-W-Øn\pw hnNn-¥-\-
Øn-\p-a-∏pdw Pohn-XsØ Jp¿-B-\n-I-ambn Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw cq]-s∏-
Sp-Øm\pw \ho-I-cn-°m\pw thZ-{KŸw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.
""\mw Cd- ° nb A\p- K r- l oX {KŸ- a m- W n- X v . AXp- s Im≠v
\nßƒ°v IcpW sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn \nßƒ AXns\ ]n≥]-‰p-
Ibpw tZmj-_m-[sb kq£n-®p-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-I.'' (6: 155)
""hm°p- I ƒ {i≤m- ] q¿hw tIƒ°p- I bpw F∂n´v AXn¬
DØaambXns\ ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-hcs{X Ah¿. Ah-sc-bmWv
A√mlp t\¿am¿K-Øn¬ \bn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv; _p≤n-am-∑mcpw Ah¿X-
s∂.'' (39: 18)
""\nßƒ Hm¿°m-Xn-cns° s]s´∂v \nßƒ°v in£ hcp-∂-Xn-
\p-aptº \nß-fpsS \mY-\n¬\n∂p Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ G‰hpw \√-
Xns\ \nßƒ ]n¥p-S¿∂p-sIm-≈p-I.'' (39: 55)
ssZh- Z - Ø - a mb hcnjv S hN- \ - ß - f psS kam- l mcw am{X- a - √ ,
hninjvS Pohn-X-co-Xn-bpsS {]mam-WnI tcJ-Iq-Sn-bmWv Jp¿-B≥.
am\-kn-I-amb Hcp-Xcw {hX-hn-ip-≤n-tbmsS thWw Jp¿-Bs\ kao-
]n-°m≥.
""AXn-\m¬ \o Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-tºmƒ i]n-°-s∏´
]nim-Nn¬\n∂pw A√m-lp-hn-¬ A`bw tXSp-I.'' (16: 98)
Hcm-fpsS Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw a‰p-≈-h¿°v Atem-k-c-ap-≠m-
°m- X n- c n- ° m≥ Pm{KX ]men- ° - W w. Ft∏mƒ Jp¿- B ≥ sNm√n-
t°ƒ°p-∂pthm At∏mƒ \n»-_vZ-cmbn AXns‚ Bi-b-Xew {i≤n-
°-Ww(7: 204). kmh[m-\w, {Iao-Ir-X-am-bn, ebm-\p-hn-≤-ambn ]mcm-
52
bWw sNø-Ww. Hmtcm hm°pw Hmtcm A£-chpw kv^pS-ambn D®-

cn-°Ww. a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-amdv efn-X-am-bmWv Jp¿-B≥ cq]-
s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. A¿Y-a-dn-bm-Xp≈ tIh-e -i-_vtZm-®m-cWw hn^-e-am-
Wv . Ad- _ n`mj Adn- b n- s √- ¶ n¬ \√ ]cn- ` m- j sbtbm hymJym-
\sØtbm Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. A¿Y-Xew Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-
bWw F∂ \njvI¿j-bmWv AXn\p ]n∂n-ep-≈-Xv.
]q¿h-th-Z-ß-fnse ASn-ÿm-\m-i-b-ß-fpsS A¿°o-I-c-W-hr-Øn-
bmWv Jp¿-B-\n-eqsS km£m¬°-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv. ]p\-cm-h¿Ø-\-a-√,
Hmtcm-∂p-sa-SpØv Du∂n-∏-d-bp-I-bp-a√; ]e-Xn-ep-ambn ]c-∂p-In-S-°p-
∂-Xns\ kam-l-cn®v ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp hntij {KŸw A\n-hm-
cy-am-sW∂p h∂-t∏mƒ Kncn-in-Jcw t]mse AXyp-∂-X-ambn, ]mcm-
hmcw IWs° hnim-e-X-bm¿∂v InS-°p∂ alm-i-b-ßsf kwt£-
]n®v AhX-cn-∏n-t°-≠Xv A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-sW-∂p-h-∂-t∏mƒ, Jp¿-
B≥ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-Øp. km¿h-P-\o-\hpw km¿h-Im-en-I-hp-amb Hcp
alm ZuXy-Øns‚ \n¿h-l-W-am-W-Xv. a‰p≈ thZ-ß-sf√mw, Ah-
tbmSv BZ-chv kq£n-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]d-b-s´, Ime-X-e-Øn¬ ]cn-
ko-an-Xhpw ]cn-an-X-{]-Ir-X-hp-amb P\-]-Z-ß-fn¬ HXp-ßn-\n¬°p-∂-
hbpw BWv. km¿h-eu-In-Ihpw km¿h-Im-en-I-hp-amb Hcp hniz-Z¿i-
\-Øns‚ apJ-{]-Ir-Xhpw lrZ-b-`m-hhpw B hcnjvS-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ \mw
BZy-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. as‰mcp thZ-]p-kvXIw Bh-iy-
an√mØ-hn[w a\p-jy-a-\- p-Iƒ°p apºn¬ am¿K-Z¿i-I-ambpw shfn-
®-ambpw Jp¿-B≥ hncm-Pn-°p-∂p.
Jp¿-B≥, 23 h¿j-°m-esØ kmaq-ly-am-‰-Øns‚ kph¿W-tc-
J-bm-Wv. AXv kIe aX-ß-sfbpw kln-jvWp-X-tbmsS ImWp-∂p.
ssZh-Øn\v ]I-c-°m-cn√; D]-tZ-h-X-I-fn√; ]utcm-ln-XysØ ]cn-
]q¿W-ambpw h¿Pn-°p-∂p. ùXn-I-˛-A-ù-XnI th¿Xn-cn-hp-I-fn-√. Cl-
]-c-ßsf A`n-∂-ß-fmbn Icp-Xp-∂p. ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ {Inbm-
fl-I-cq-]-ambn kaq-l-tk-h-\sØ ImWp-∂p. XuloZv AwKo-I-cn-
53
°m-Xn-cn-°epw hni-∂p-h-cp∂h\v Blmcw sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°-ep-amWv

sImSn-b-]m]w F∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ ssZh-k-¶¬]w Ah-
{I-am-Wv. kmtlm-Z-cy-tØmSpw IpSpw_ _‘-ß-tfmSpw Ckvemw
kwkvIr-Xn-°p≈ {]Xn-_-≤X A\ym-Zr-iw. aZy-Øn\pw ab-°p-a-cp-
∂n\pw FXnsc C{Xta¬ I¿i- \ - a mb \njv T bpw \njv I ¿jbpw
kq£n-°p∂ as‰mcp aX-Z¿i-\-an-√. Ipe-a-ln-a°pw h¿Kob ta[m-
hn-Xz-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc Ckvemw hn´p-ho-gvN-°n-√.
F√m-Xcw hnth-N-\-ß-fp-ambn Ckvemw hntbm-Pn-°p-∂p. kv{Xo°v
]pcp-j-s∂m∏w kaq-l-X-e-Øn¬ kzmX-{¥y-a-\p-h-Zn-°-p∂p. Ckvem-
an-I-Z¿i-\-Øn\pw òI-c-hm-Z-Øn\panS-bn¬ kl-h¿Ø\w km[y-a-
s√∂v thZ-{KŸw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
Jp¿-Bs‚ Aam-\p-jn-IX
krjvSn-I-fn¬ Db¿∂ \ne-hmcw ]pe¿Øp∂ DXvIrjvS krjvSn-
bmWv a\p-jy≥. a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬\n∂v ssZhw Hcmsf sXc-s™-
SpØv {]hm-N-IXzw G¬]n-°p-∂p. ssZhw G¬]n® Adn-hp-Ifpw
AXns‚ ]me-\-ew-L-\-ß-fn¬ A\n-hm-cy-ambpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂
`mKy-\n¿`m-Ky-ßfpw a\p-jy-cm-insb Adn-bn-°m-\mWv Ah¿°n-S-
bn¬\n∂v {]hm-N-I-∑msc sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. Adn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
ssZh-ln-X-ßfpw ssZhm-`n-em-j-ßfpw ssZh-\n-›-b-ß-fp-am-Ip-∂p.
CXv ssZhw t\cn-e-√, {]hm-N-I≥am¿ apJm-¥n-c-am-Wv a\p-jy-cm-in-
s°-Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu FØn-°-en-s\-bmWv "hlvbv' AYhm shfn-
]mSv F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. shfn-]mSv F√m t\c-ß-fn-epw, \nc-¥-c-am-bn,
CS- X - S - h n- √ m- s X, A\p- k yq- X - a mbn, \n- e - ° mØ {]hm- l w- t ]mse
BPoh-\m¥w kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-a-√. Nne-t∏m-
gm- W - X - \ p- ` - h - s ∏- S p- I . "lndm'bnse alm- \ p- ` hw Ign™v aq∂v
h¿jsØ CS- t h- f °p tij- a mWv c≠m- a - s Xm- ∂ p- ≠ m- h p- ∂ - X v .
A]q¿h-k-µ¿`-ß-fnse A\¿Lm-\p-`-h-ß-fmWv shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ.
kI-em-[n-\m-Y-\mb ssZhw apl-Ω-Zn\pw a‰p-≈-h-sc-t∏m-se, thdn´
Pohn-X-a-\phZn®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw shfn-]m-Sp-th-f-bn¬ apl-Ω-Zn-s‚, sshb-
‡n-I-ß-fmb lnXm-ln-X-ß-sfm∂pw AhnsS apJwImń-bn-cp-∂n-√.
At∂cw {]hm-N-Is‚ A¥-cn-{µn-b-ß-fmsI kv]µn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-
Øns‚ lnXm-\p-kmcw am{Xw. shfn-]m-Sp-Im-e -Po-hn-X-th-f-Xs∂
54
Xo¿Øpw ssZhm-[o-\-am-Wv. shfn-]m-S-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬\n∂v apIvXn t\Sp-

tºm-gmWv {]hm-N-Is‚ hy‡n-Po-hn-X-am-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. {]hm-N-IXzw
ssIh∂ Hcp alm]pcp-j\v Xs‚ hy‡n-Po-hn-X-sØbpw {hX-hn-
ip-≤n-tbmsS kq£n-°m-\p≈ _m[yXbp-≠v. P\-ß-fpsS t_m[y-
Øn\pw aXn-∏n\pw aa-X°pw th≠n-bm-W-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v X∂n-eqsS
{]h-N-\-ß-fmbn Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ amXr-Im-a-l-Xz-ßsf Xs‚
hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn-te°v {Inbm-apJw \¬In-b-h-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ apl-Ω-
Zn\v km[n-®n-´p≠v. AXp-sIm-≠mWv apl-Ω-Zns‚ hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Ønse
shfn-]m-Sp-Imesamgn-®p≈ Xo¿Øpw hy‡n-]-c-amb Pohn-X-Øn-se- -
kz-c-N-e-\-ßƒ t]mepw ]T-\o-bß-fpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-ßfp-am-sW∂
\ne-bn¬ lZo-kp-I-fnepw kp∂-Øp-I-fnepw A\p-k-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
lZo-kp-Ifpw kp∂-Øp-Ifpw ssZhm-\p-{K-l-tØmsS km[n® apl-
Ω-Zob {]Xn-`m-k-ß-fm-Wv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Ah-bn-emcpw Aam-\p-
jn-I-X-b-t\z-jn-°m-dn√; AsXmcp km[m-cW a\p-jys‚ kzc-N-e-\-
ß-fm-Wv. AtXm-sSm∏w ssZh-ln-X-Øn-∂-\p-kr-X-hpw.
]Xn-\mev \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºm-W-Xv. A∂v Atd_y A]-cn-
jvIr-Xn-bpsS Hcp {]mIrX `qX-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. Im´-d-_n-I-fp-sSbpw HÍ
kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw \mSv. A£cw ]Tn-°m-\p≈ {]mY-anI hnZym-
e-b-ßƒ t]mep-an-√mØ \mSv!
Hcmƒ cwK-Øp-h-∂p. Np‰p-ap-≈-h-tcmSpw kaq-l-tØm-Sm-sIbpw
At±lw kwkm-cn-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ kzc-Xo-{h-Xbpw
IÆp-I-fn¬ {]Xo-£bpw Nph-Sp-sh-∏n¬ a\-°-cpØpw ImWm-am-bn-
cp-∂p. hgn-Xn-cp-Øm\pw e£yw sXfn-®p-Im-´m\pw At±lw kml-
kn-IX ImWn-®p. ]pXn-sbmcp `qan°pw ]pXn-sbm-cm-Im-i-Øn-\pw-
th≠n At±lw kwkm-cn-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ kaq-l-amsI
{i≤n-®p. Nne¿ Aa¿jw-sIm≠v ]√n-dp-Ωn. a‰p-Nn-e¿°v B hm°p-
Iƒ Nµ-\-te-]\w t]mse Ipfn¿a \¬In. hy‡n-I-sfbpw kaq-l-
sØbpw ASn-apSn am‰n-sb-SpØv, AJn-em-[n-\m-Y-\mb A√m-lp-hns‚
Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v, et£ym-∑p-J-ambn \oßp∂ \√-h-cpsS Hcp
]pXnb temIw At±lw kz]v\w I≠p. hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. AXn-
∂p≈ Nph-scmØ Hcp {]Xy-b-imkv{Xw B \nc-£-cs‚ ssIbn-ep-
≠m- b n- c p- ∂ p. BZy- a mZyw {]bm- k - ß - f psS sImSp- ¶ m- S p- I fpw Kncn-
irwKßfpw Xmt≠-≠n-h-∂p-sh-¶nepw Gsd sshImsX sXfn™
{]`mXw At±- l sØ hc- t h¬°m- s \- Ø n. Ccp- ] - Ø n- a q∂v h¿jw-
sIm≠v Hcp P\-]-Z-sØ-bmsI kzm[o-\n-°m\pw Xs‚ ssIbnse
{]Xy-b-im-kv{X-Øn\pw {]Xo-£-°p-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Hcp [oc\q-X-\-
55
k-aqlw hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-hm\pw At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. ]Xn-\mep

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]n∂n-s´-Ønb B Z¿i-\w, -k-Ie hnπh Z¿i-\-ß-fp-w
{]Xy-b-im-kv{X-ß-fpw \Sp-shm-Sn-™p-In-S-°p∂ C∂pw am\-kn-Ihpw
kmaq-ln-Ihpamb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p≈ Nm-e-I-i-‡n-bmbnØs∂
h¿Øn-°p-∂p.
A£-c-]-cn-⁄m\w t]mep-an-√mØ A{]-i-kvX\pw km-[m-c-W-
\p-amb Hcm-fn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏´ Hcp Pohn-X-]-≤Xn Fßs\
kIeam\- -hn-j-b-kv]¿in-bm-bn, k¿h-Im-e-P-\-a-\-k-am-t«-jn-bmbn
]cn-W-an®p F∂mWv hnNm-c-a-Xn-Iƒt]mepw hnkva-bn-°p-∂-Xv.
]Xn-\mev \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-apºv Pmln-en-øm-Im-e-sa∂v Ncn{Xw Ipdn-
®n´ Hcp ImeØv ⁄m\- h n- ⁄ m- \ - ß - f psS t\¿Ø kv ^ pcWw
t]mepw A\y-sa∂v ]d-bm-hp∂ Hcp \mń¬ Hcp Z¿i-\-k-ap-®bw
Ah-Xo¿W-am-b-t∏mƒ AXn-s\-®q≠n hna¿i-\-ßfpw A]-hm-Z-ß-
fp-ap-b¿∂-t∏mƒ, AXn-s\-sb-SpØv s\t©mSv tN¿Øv ""\nß-sf√mw
Hcp- a n- ® p- I q- S n- b mepw CXn- e p- ≈ - X p- t ]m- s em- c - [ ymbw sIm≠p- h - c m≥
km[y- a s√''∂v ]d- ™ - t ∏mƒ AsXmcp sh√p- h n- f n- b m- b n- ° - ≠ v ,
AXns\ t\cn´v apt∂m-´p-h-cm≥ Bcpw ss[cywImWn-®n-√. Jp¿Bs‚
sh√p-hnfn B Ime-L-´-Ønse lrZ-b-ßsf Xo¿Øpw Akz-ÿ-am-
°n-sb-¶nepw Ah¿°-hn-sS, \n -lm-b-X-bpsS \n»-_vZX kq£n-
°mt\ km[n-®p-≈q. A‘hpw aqVm-Nm-c-_-≤-hp-amb kmln-Xob
{]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ A∂pap≠mbn- c p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ nepw B sh√p- h n- f n°p
apºn¬ ]Øn-a-S-°n-bn-cn-°mt\ Ah¿°v Ign-™p-≈q. kmln-Xy-sa-
∂Xv ]Zyw am{X-am-sW∂v IcpXnt∏m∂ A∂v Jp¿-B≥ F∂ KZy-
{K-ŸsØ k¿thmXvIrjvS kmln-Xy-in¬]-ß-fpsS Pzen-°p∂ amXr-
I-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ B Ime-L´w Xøm-dm-bn. ""CXp-t]m-sem∂p
cNn-°m≥ \nßƒ°v km[y-a-√, F∂m¬ F\n°pw hø'' F∂pw
""\nßsf hnkva-b-Øns‚ \o¿°-b-Øn-e-a¿Øn ap°n-°-f™ Cu
]pkvXIw Ft‚-Xp-a√'' F∂p-ap≈ {]hm-N-I-h-N- p-Iƒ Hcp alm-
k-XysØ sXfn-®p-Im-´p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv B {KŸ-Øns‚ Aam-
\p-jn-I-X-b-√msX as‰m-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ""\mw AXn-d-°n. \mw Xs∂
AXv kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw'' F∂ ssZh-h-N\w-IqSn {]hm-N-I-
\n-eqsS \ma-dn™t∏mƒ, aq-e-{K-Ÿ-c-N-bn-Xm-h√ Xms\-∂pw {KŸ-
Øn-s‚-˛-sh-fn-]m-Sp-h-N- p-I-fp-sS˛ {]Im-i-\-ZuXyw am{Xta Xm≥
\n¿h-ln-°p-∂p-≈q-sh∂v At±lw hy‡-am-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
\_n-bpsS ]nXr-hy\pw k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ lwksb
hlvin NXn-bn¬ Fdn-™p-ho-gvØp-Ibpw lnµv arX-tZlw IpØn-
56
°odn Icƒ ]ngp-sX-SpØv Nh-®p-Xp-∏p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnh-c-a-dn™

\_n-bpsS lrZbw sh¥p-cpIn F∂Xv kzm`m-hn-Iw. F∂n´pw thZ-
{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ hlvin-°p-w lnµn\pw t\sc Aa¿jhpw im]-h-N- p-I-
fp- s am- ∂ p- a p- ≠ m- b n- √ . F¥p- s Im≠v ? ad- ° m- \ m- h mØ Xo{h- Z px- J -
Øns‚ _Zvdpw DlpZpw Ic-h-c-s®m-cp-°n-b -I-iva-e-\mb A_q-kp-
^vbm-s\-Xnsc thZ-{KŸw \n»-_vZX ]men-®p. F¥p-sIm≠v? shfn-
]mSp hN- p-I-fpsS Imc-I\v F√mw Adn-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v. ]›m-Øm-
]-Øns‚ Fcn-Xo-bn¬ sh¥p-cp-In, Aæ-ip-≤n°v hnt[-b-cm-bn, \msf
Ah-sc√mw kXy-th-Z-Øn-te°v Xncn-s®-Øp-sa∂v thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚
hn[m-Xm-hn-\dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. B ka-{K-Z¿i\w {]hm-N-I-\m-bmepw
a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v A{]m-]y-am-W-v.
F∂m¬ {Iqc-\mb A_q-e-l-_n-s\-°p-dn®v Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\
]d™p: ""A_q-e-l-_ns‚ Ccp-ssI-Ifpw \in-®p. Ah\pw Xpe-
™p. Ahs‚ kzØpw Ah-\m¿Pn-®-hbpsam∂pw Ahs‚ c£-s°-
Øn- b n- √ . Bfn- ° - Ø p∂ \c- I Øobn¬ Ah≥ IØn- s b- c n- b pw;
Ahs‚ `mcy-bpw...''(111: 1˛4). A_q-e-l_v ]›m-Ø-]n-®n-√. ]›m-
Øm-]-Øns‚ ]hn-{X-`q-an-bn-te-°v IS-°m≥ Abmƒ Xøm-ds√∂v
Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNøm≥ thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ I¿Øm-hn\v Ign™p F∂-
dn-bp-tºmƒ, AhnsS Aam\p-jn-IXbpsS ]cn-th-j-ap-≠v.
Jp¿-B≥ 114 A[ym-b-ß-fp≈ Hcp _rlZv{KŸ-am-Wv. kzm`m-hn-
I-ambpw Bcpw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂, {KŸ-Im-cs‚ hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn-eq-
∂nb Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-amb ]cm-a¿iw AXn-sem-cn-SØpw ImWp-∂n√.
a\p-jy-km-[m-c-W-amb {]IrX-sØbpw Zu¿_-ey-ß-sfbpw AXn-Po-
hn-°m≥t]m∂, Aam-\p-jn-I-X-bp-sS-˛-I-c-hn-emkw ChnsS ImWp-∂-
Xn¬ Akmw-K-Xy-ap-≠m-Iptam?
h{P- I n- c - W - ß ƒ t]mse Xo£v W - t im- ` n- I - f mb At\Iw
kv{XocXv\-ß-fp≠v Ckvem-ans‚ hnim-e-ho-Yn-bn¬. F∂m¬ Jp¿-
B≥ Nq≠n-°m-ńb amXr-Im-h-\n-X-Iƒ Cukm-\-_n-bpsS amXmhv
a¿bhpw ^tdm-h-bpsS `mcybpw am{Xam-bn-cp-∂p. F¥p-sIm≠v apl-
Ω-Zns‚ a\- n¬ aXn-∏p-Iq-Snb JZo-Pbpw BC-ibpw aIƒ ^mXzn-a-
bp-sam∂pw B \ncbn¬ h∂n√?
Hc- S n- a - b mbncp∂ sskZns‚ t]sc- S pØp]d™ Jp¿- B - \ n¬
F¥p-sIm≠v {]hmN-I-]-Xv\n-am-cn¬ Bcp-sS-sb-¶n-eptam a°-fn¬
Bcp-sS-sb-¶n-eptam kmXzn-I-X-bpsS \nZ¿i-\-amb A_q-_-°-dn-
s‚tbm I¿a-tbm-Kn-bmb Da-dn-s‚tbm Dkvam≥, Aen-˛-C-h-cn-em-cp-sS-
57
sb-¶n-eptam t]sc-Sp-Øp-]-d-™n√? apl-Ω-Zns‚ lnXm-ln-X-ß-fmWv

{KŸ-c-N-\-bnse kzm[o-\-L-S-I-ß-sf-¶n¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Aßs\
hcp-am-bn-cp-∂nt√?
Af-h‰ imkv{Xo-b-]-cm-a¿i-ß-fp-≠v thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬. B Ime-
L-´-Øn\v A{]m-]yhpw F∂m¬ C∂v sXfn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-
amb ]c-»Xw imkv{X-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ! ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠n-\p-tijw
hnIm-k-hr-≤n-Isf hmcn-∏p-W-cm≥ XpS-ßnb hn⁄m-\-hn-k-va-b-ß-
sf- ° p- d n- ® v , Ggmw \q‰m- ≠ n- e n- c p- ∂ p- s Im≠v hni- I - e \w sNøm≥
Ign™ thZ- { K- Ÿ sØ t\m°n Akm- [ m- c - W w, Aam- \ p- j nIw
Fs∂√mw khn-kvabw ]d-™p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-at√?
Jp¿-Bs‚ k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-Ø-ß-fn-sem∂v hn{ip-X-amb hn⁄m-
\-hn-i-I-e-\hpw hym]-\-hp-amWv; A∂v hnI-kn-X-am-bn-°-gn-™n-ń-
√mØ hnhn-[-ß-fmb hn⁄m-\-im-J-I-sf-°p-dn®pw C∂pw Is≠-
Øn-°-gn-™n-ń-√mØ AXy¥w k¶o¿Wamb ssh⁄m-\nI ka-
ky-I-fpsS hniI-e\w kw_-‘n®pw sXfn™ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ thZ-
{K-Ÿ-Øn-ep-≠v. AXn\p ap∂n¬ A°m-e-sØ, B cwK-ß-fnse AXn-
Im- b - ∑ m- c mb tdma- ° mcpw {Ko°p- I mcpw Cdm≥Im- c p- s ams°
hnkvabwIqdn \n∂p. imkv{X-Øns‚ A[p-\m-X-\-ß-fmb Is≠-Ø-
ep-I-fn¬ ]eXpw ]Xn-\mev \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-apºv shfn-]m-Sp-h-N- p-
I-fmbn∏nd∂v thZ-{K-ŸØn¬ {]`mhw sNmcn-™p-\n¬°p-∂p-s≠∂
hkvXpX hnkva-b-P-\Iw Xs∂. CtX-°p-dn-®p≈ kq£vam-h-tem-I\w
\sΩ FhnsS sIms≠-Øn°pw? apl-Ω-Zns‚ ssh⁄m-\nI {]mK-
¤y-am-WXv F∂ adp-]Sn \sΩ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øptam? apl-Ω-Zn-eqsS
Bhn-jvIr-X-amb Cu hnkva-b-{]-Xn-`m-k-Øn-\p-]n-∂n¬ A√m-lp-
hns‚ kt_m-[-km-∂n[yw \ma-dn-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cn°pw
kXyw kuc`yw ]c-Øp-∂Xv F∂v a\- n-em-°m-\m-hpw.
Jp¿-B-\n¬ Aam-\p-jn-I-hrØn (ap-A-vPn-k-Øv) F∂ hnti-j-]-
Z-an-√. lZo-kp-I-fnepw Cs√-∂m-W-dn-hv. F∂m¬ ZrjvSm-¥w, sXfnhv
F∂o ]Z-ßƒ ]e-hpcp {]tbm-Kn-®-Xmbpw ImWmw. Cu ]Z-ßƒ
hnc¬Nq≠p-∂Xv Aam-\p-jn-I-X-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bn-te-°m-Wv. {]hm-
N-I≥am¿°v, kaq-l-Øn¬ {]tXyI ZuXy-\n¿h-lWw km[n-°m-
\p-s≠-¶n-epw-˛-A-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ssZh-Z-Ø-amb i‡nkn≤n-I-fp-s≠-
¶n-epw˛ ssZh-ln-X-sØbpw {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-sfbpw AXn-ew-Ln-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-s√-∂-XmWv kXyw; Ign-bp-sa∂ [mc-W-t]mepw
Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-`m-h-ß-fpsS \ntj-[-am-Wv.
58
{]t_m-[n-∏n-°m\pw ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Im-\p-ap≈ _m[yXm \n¿h-l-

W-amWv {]hm-N-I≥am¿ km[n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬
Ah-cpsS hN-\-{]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ Akm[m-c-WXzw AYhm Aam-\p-
jn-IX A`n-Z¿in-°-s∏´p F∂p-h-cmw. AXp-X-s∂ k¿h-i-‡-\mb
ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{K-l-sam-∂p-sIm≠p am{X-hp-am-Wv. ssZh-Z-Ø-amb
i‡n-bpsS {]Im-i-\-am-W-Xv. Ahn-sSbpw {]hm-N-I≥ ZuXy-\n¿hm-
l-I\pw ssZhm-ò-jvS-ß-fpsS kwhmlI\p-amWv.
sXfnta- L - Ø n¬\n∂v ag- s ]m- g n- b p- t ºmgpw Fcn- X o- b n¬\n∂v
Ipfn¿\mºv Infn¿-°p-tºmgpw ]mgvs®-fn°v kpc-ku-c-`y-a-\p-`-h-s∏-
Sp-tºmgpw H∂p-an-√m-bva-bn¬\n∂v kar≤n h¿jn-°p-tºmgpw hnkvabw
sIm≈p∂ a\p-jy-a-\ v kam-izmkw sIm≈p-∂Xv k¿th-iz-cs‚
hnem- k - e m- k y- ß ƒ F∂v Icp- X n- s °m- ≠ m- W v . kmam- \ y- k - a q- l -
Øn¬\n∂v sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy-\n-eqsS˛{]hm-
N-I-\n-eq-sS-˛-{]-Im-in-X-am-hp-∂-sX√mw ssZhnI{]Xn-`m-k-ß-fm-sW∂
hkvXpX Xo¿Øpw bp‡n-k-l-am-Wv. ASn-ÿm-\-Z¿i\w H∂p-am-{Xw.
ssZh-Øns‚ Bi-b-kw-hm-l-I-cmWv {]hm-N-I≥am¿. G¬]n-°-s∏-
Sp-∂-Xv A\yq-\w, bYm¿lw FØn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wh¿. Iq´m\pw Ipd-
°m\pw kml- k n- I X ImWn- ° m- s X, ssZh- Z - Ø - a m- b Xv \ap- ° n- S -
bnseØn°p-hm≥ am{Xw hn[n-°-s∏´ [¿a-\n-jvT-cmb I¿a-]m-e-I-
cm-W-h¿. Ah-cpsS imco-cn-Ihpw _u≤n-I-hp-amb IcpØpw Ign-hp-
sam∂pw ChnsS {]iv\-a-√. Bi-b-kw-hm-l-I¿°v A\p-t]-£-Wo-
b-sa∂v \mw Icp-Xp∂ A£-c-⁄-X-t]mepw ChnsS ]cn-K-Wn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂n-√. kmI-tey\ km[n-°p∂ ssZh-t_m-[y-am-Wn-hnsS Imcyw.
{]hm- N - I cXv \ sa∂v \ΩpsS lrZbw Io¿Øn- ° p∂ apl- Ω - Z ns‚
ASnÿm-\-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚ tImf-Øn¬ \mw ImWp-∂- ]Zw \nc-
£-cX F∂m-Wv. kmI-tey-\-bp≈ ssZhn-I-t_m-[y-amWv sXc-s™-
Sp-∏n-\m-[mcw F∂p am{Xw Icp-Xp-I.
temIPohn-X-Øn\v a\p-jy-s\-bn-d-°p-∂Xv ssZh-am-Wv. ]mtY-bw-
t]mepw ssZhw Ah\v \¬Ip-∂p. Pohn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{X-
amWv ssZh-\n-›-b-Øns‚ sshNn-{Xyhpw hnkva-b-{]-Ir-Xhpw a\p-
jy-\-dn-bp-∂-Xv. {]hm-N-I-Xzhpw CXn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-a-√. B≠n-
dßn t\m°m\pw \o≠p-I-≠-dn-bm\pw Ign-bmØ {lkz-Zr-jvSn-I-fmWv
\Ωƒ. AXp-sIm-≠mWv a\p-jy-\n¬Xs∂ ssZhw \S-∏m-°m-\p-t±-
in- ° p∂ I¿a- ] - c n- ] m- S n- I ƒ aptº I≠- d n- b m≥ \ap°v Ign-
bmsXt]mIp-∂-Xv.
59
{]hm-N-IXzw ssZhZØ-am-Wv. AXv e`n-°p-∂-h¿ AXn-\mbn

hf¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXv t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]mcp∂ \nc-h[n kqN-
\-Ifpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ \ap°v Is≠-
Øm≥ Ign-bpw.
˛ Ipń ]nd-∂-t∏mƒXs∂ Ahs\ hmcn-sb-SpØv ]nXm-a-l≥
A_vZp¬ apØz-en_v ]≈n-bn-te-t°m-Sn. `qan-bnepw BIm-i-Ønepw
«mLn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\m-hs´ F∂v {]m¿Yn-®p. Akm-[m-c-Wamwhn[w
"apl-ΩZv' F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNbvXp.
˛ Hcn-°¬ Ipń-tbm-sSm∏w ]≈n-bpsS ap‰-Øn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂
A_vZp¬ apØz-en-_n-t\mSv Hcp k\ym-kn, Ipńsb {i≤n-°Ww adn-
®m-bm¬ A]-ISw F∂-dn-bn-®p.
˛ apl-Ω-Zns‚ km∂n-[y-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ leo-a-bpsS `h-\-Øn-e-
\p-`-h-s∏´ hnti-jm-\p-`-h-ßƒ.
˛ 12-˛mw hb- n¬ A_q-Xzm-en-_n-t\m-sSm∏w apl-ΩZv kndn-b-bn-
te°v t]mb-t∏mƒ Hcp ss{IkvX-h-k-\ymkn h∂v Ipńsb \∂mbn
{i≤n-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-´p.
˛ s\mtÃmdmw B{i-a-Øn¬, apl-Ω-Zns‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ Nne
Akm-[m-cW kw`-h-ß-fp-≠m-bn.
˛ lP-dp¬ Akvh-Zns‚ ]p\¿hn\ymk ku`mKyw apl-Ω-Zn\v
ssIh-∂p.
˛ lnd-bnse alm-\p-`hw JZoP hnh-cn-®-t∏mƒ ss{IkvXh ]fin-
X-\mb hdJ-Øns‚ {]Xn-I-cWw.
Ch-sb√mw hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂Xv {]hm-N-IXzw ssZhw apl-Ω-Zn¬
\nt£-]n-®Xv P∑-ku-`m-Ky-am-bn-Ø-s∂-bm-sW-∂m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v
apl-Ω-Zn¬ A`n-Z¿in-°-s∏´ Akm-[m-cW hrØn-Iƒ tIh-e-samcp
km[m-cW a\p-jys‚ I¿a-X-e-Øn¬ I≠ hnkvab {]Xn-`m-k-ß-
fmbn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-´p-Iq-Sm. apl-Ω-Znepw kIe {]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw
a\p-jy-km-[m-c-W-ambXn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb Ht´sd A\p-`-h-
ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. C{µn-b-P-\y-amb t_m[-Øn\pw bp‡n-
]-c-X°pw A∏p-d-ØmWv Ah-bpsS Ah-ÿm-\-sa∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p.
ssZhw Xs‚ {]hm- N - I ≥am- c n- e qsS \ΩpsS IÆp- I ƒ°p- a p- ∂ n¬
hnkvabw hnf-bn-°p-I-bmWv F∂-XmWv kXyw. ae-°p-I-fp-ambn
kwh-Zn-°¬, shfn-]m-S-\p-`-hw˛ Ch-sbm∂pw a\p-jy-km-[m-c-W-a-√.
60
]q¿h-Im-em-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS IYm-X-e-Øn¬, \_nsb ]n¥p-S¿∂ kpdm-

J-Øns‚ IpXnc aq∂p {]mhiyw Imen-S-dn-ho-WXpw {]hm-N-Is\
h[n- ° m≥ hmfp- b ¿Øn- b - t ∏mƒ AXv Xms\ Iøn¬\n- ∂ q¿∂p- h o-
WXpw _Zv ¿ ˛DlpZv ˛ JµJv bp≤- ß - f n¬ i{Xp- ] - £ Øv Af- h ‰
Bƒ_-e-ap-≠m-bn´pw A\m-bmkw Ahsc Pbn®phcm-\n-S-bm-bXpw
t]¿jys°- X nsc tdmabpsS hnPbw {]h- N n- ® Xv kXy- a m- b n- ∏ p-
e¿∂Xpw lpssZ-_nbm k‘n-bn¬ {]I-S-amb hnP-b-I-Ybpw hnkva-
b-]-cn-th-j-a-Wn™v Ncn{X]Y-Øn¬ {]Im-in-°p-I-bmWv.
"Jp¿-B≥ ]T-\-Øn-te°v Hcp Xo¿Y-bm{X' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬
Sn.-]n. Ipýmap kmln_v Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-SpØn:
""apkvenw-I-fp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ ùXn-I-hn-⁄m\w hf¿∂p-h-cnIbpw
_p≤n-Po-hn-Ifpw Nn¥m-{]-ÿm-\-ßfpw Db¿∂p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvX-
t∏mƒ, hnizm-k-ßƒ ]eXpw tNmZywsNø-s∏-´p -Xp-S-ßn. {Ko°v XØz-
im-kv{X-amWv apkvenw _p≤n-Po-hn-Isf BZy-ambn kzm[o-\n-®-Xv.
{Ko°p- I m¿°v Iptd ]pcm- W - ß fpw CXn- l m- k - ß fpw \√- t ]mse
hf¿∂p- h ∂ Hcp XØz- N n- ¥ m- i m- k v{X- h p- a - √ msX {]hm- N - I -
∑msc∏‰ntbm ssZhn-I-sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-sf-°p-dnt®m hy‡-amb [mc-W-
sbm-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AhcpsS XØz-imkv{Xw ùXn-I-hm-Z-Øn¬
A[n- j v T n- X - a m- b n- c p- ∂ p- . C- X ns‚ t]mcm- b v a - I ƒ C_v \ p- d p- i v Z v ,
C_v\pssXanø apX-em-b-h¿ \√-t]mse Jfin-®n-´p-≠v. bm°q_v
Inµn, ^mdm_n apX-emb ]fin-X-∑m¿ {Ko°v XØz-imkv{Xw ]Tn®v
AXns‚ am¿K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v Ckvem-anI hnizm-k-ßƒ
ÿm]n- ° p- h m≥ {ian- ° p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n. Aam- \ p- j nI IrXy- s Ø- ∏ ‰n
^mdm_n ]d-™Xv Cßs\ kw{K-ln°mw:
1. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw Bflmhv \Ωn¬ kzm[o\w sNep-
Øp-Ibpw \ΩpsS {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v cq]w\¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXp-
t]mse {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Bflm-hn\v A√mlp \¬In-bn-´p≈ AXn-
_r-l-Ømb Znhy-i‡n _mly-tem-I-sØ-bm-I-am\w kzm[o-\n-°p-
∂p. B temIw B AXn-am-\p-js‚ B⁄-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p.
Aß- s \, {]Ir- X n- \ n- b - a - ß ƒ°- X o- X - a m- s W∂v \ap°p tXm∂p- ∂
IrXy-ßƒ sNbvXp-Im-´p-hm≥ Ah¿°v km[n-°p-∂p.
2. ae- ° p- I - f p- a mbn t\cn´v kwkm- c n- ° p- h m\pw Ah- c n¬°qSn
A⁄m-X-h-kvXp-°-sf-∏-‰nbpw a‰p-ap≈ hnh-c-ßƒ kºm-Zn-°p-hm\pw
km[n-°p-∂p.
3. km[m-cW a\p-jy¿ tXm∂-ep-I-fn¬IqSnbpw kz]v\-Øn¬
61
IqSnbpw Nne kwK-Xn-Iƒ [cn-°p-∂p. AXv Ak-Xy-amImw A√m-

sX-bp-am-Imw. F∂m¬ {]hm-N-I≥am¿°v IÆp-an-gn-®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂
Znhy-sh-fn-]mSv e`n-°p-∂p.
4. km[m-cW a\p-jy¿°v hnhn[ Xe-Øn-ep≈ Nn¥bpw {]hr-
Ønbpw Htckabw km[n-°p-∂n-√. Htc-k-abw Xs∂ H∂n-tesd
Imcy-ßƒ sNøp-hmt\m H∂n-e-[nIw Imcy-ß-sf-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-hmt\m
km[n-°p-∂n-√. {]hm-N-I≥am¿°v CsX√mw kpkm-[y-am-Wv.
^mdm- _ n- b psS CØcw \nK- a - \ - ß ƒ h¿j- ß - t fmfw apkv e nw
XØz-im-kv{X-ß-fnse aqe-{]-am-W-ß-fmbn kzoI-cn-°-s∏-´p. C_v\p-
ko-\, C_v\p akvI-ssh, Camw K m-en, auem\m dqan XpS-ßnb
]fin-X-∑m¿ CtX coXn-bn¬ Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Aam-\p-jnI IrXy-ß-
fpsS km[y-Xsb ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh∂pw ChnsS tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Ø-s´. {]hm-N-I≥am¿°v A⁄mX Imcy-ß-sf-∏‰n tXm∂-ep-≠m-
Ip-∂p-sh∂pw ae-°p-Isf ImWp-hm\pw hlvbv kzoI-cn-°p-hm\pw
km[n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Aam-\p-jnI IrXy-ßƒ Im´p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah¿
Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.''
tUm. A≥h¿ apl-ΩZv Xs‚ "Ckvem-anI kwkvIrXn' F∂
{KŸ-Øn¬ (t]. 164) Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v:
""{]IrXn Hcp ZrjvSm-¥-`q-an-I-bm-Wv. AXpw AXnse ka-kvX
{]Xn- ` m- k - ß fpw. sshhn- [ y- ß fpw sshNn- { Xy- ß - f p- a m¿∂- h - b mWv
AXnse {]Xn- ` m- k - ß - s f- √ mw. AtN- X \ hkv X p- ° - f p- ≠ - h nsS.
tNX\mtNX-\-ßƒ hyXn-cn-‡-ambn I≠-dn-bm≥ Ign-bmØ Xc-Øn-
ep≈ hkvXp-°-fp-ap-≠v. kky-Pm-eßƒ, Xncy-°p-Iƒ, arK-ßƒ, a\p-
jy¿ Aßs\ At\- I - ß ƒ. kq£v a - \ n- c o- £ - W - Ø n¬, Pohs‚
]q¿W-{]-`m-h-Øn-te-°p≈ {]bm-W-K-Xn-t]mse tXm∂pw. ssNX\yw
A\p-`-h-s∏-SmØ aÆpw Bflmhv A`nZ¿in-°-s∏-SmØ kky-˛-ar-K-
Pm-e-ßfpw Bfl-km-∂n[yw t_m[y-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-cm-inbpw Cu
kXy-a-√msX as‰-¥mWv hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv? a\p-jy≥ Poh-{]-]-©-
Øn¬, X∂nse Bfl-km-∂n-[yw-sIm≠v kap-∂-X-ÿm-\-Ø-h-ÿn-
X- \ m- W v . a\p- j y- c n¬ Xs∂ \mw al- Ø p- ° sf Is≠- Ø m- d p- ≠ v .
_p≤n-i-‡nbpw am\-kn-Iu-∂-Xyhpw Bfl-ho-cy-hp-amWv kmam\y
a\p-jy-cn¬\n∂v al-Øp-°sf hyXn-cn-‡-cm-°p-∂-Xv. kam-\-X-I-f-
√, Xc- X - a - t `- Z - ß - f mWv Fhn- s Sbpw ImWp- ∂ - X v . cmam- \ p- P - Ø ns‚
KWnX _p≤nbpw _ntYm-hs‚ kwKo-X-kn-≤nbpw Umhn©nbpsS
Nn{X-c-N\m NmXp-cnbpw \Ωn¬ hnkva-b-ap-f-hm-°p-tºmƒ kmam-\y-a-
\p-jys‚ Xe-Øn¬ Akm-[m-c-W-ßfpw Hc-f-hn¬ Aam-\p-jn-I-ß-
62
fp-am-W-h. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ kI-e-⁄-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ sXc-s™-

Sp-∏n¬ sXfn-™p-h-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ak-Zr-i-amb Bfl-i-‡n-bpsS {]`m-
h- a m- b n- c n°mw Ahsc D∂- X - c m- ° n- Ø o¿Ø- X v . Ah¿ am\p- j y- I -
Øns‚ hgn-Im-ń-I-fmbn Bflo-bu-∂-Xy-Øns‚ Kcn-a-bn¬ {]`m-kn-
°p- ∂ p. Bfli- ‡ n- b psS AXn¿h- c - º p- I - t fm B°- Ø q- ° - ß tfm
Fhn-sS-sb∂pw F{X-sb∂pw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ B¿°pw km[y-a-√.
Zm¿i- \ n- I - \ mb Ae- I v k n- k v Im- t dens‚ hnJym- X - a mb ta≥ Z
A¨t\m¨(Man the un known) hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ hnj-b-a-Xm-
Wv. AXp-sIm≠v \msf a\p-jy-{]-Xn` hnSp¿Øn-°m-´m-\n-cn-°p∂
hnkvabßfpsS ambqc ]nRvOw \ΩpsS ]cm-a¿i-Øn\p hnt[-b-
am-bn-°q-Sm. XXvIme a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v {]m]n-°m≥ Ign-™Xv am{X-
amWv kXyw F∂ \nK-a\w A]-Iz-am-Wv. AXv AXo-X-Ime Pohn-
Xm-\p-`-h-ß-tfm-Sp≈ A£-¥-hy-amb A\m-Z-c-hp-amWv.
shfn]mSv, Aam\pjnIX˛XpSßnb ]Zßƒ
AXnemLhtØmsS D]tbmKn®pIqSm. ]£narKm-Zn-Iƒ°pw C{µn-
b-ß-fp-≠v. Ah°v Bflmhpw hnti-j-_p-≤n-bp-an-√. Ah°v Ah-
bp-tS-Xmb hn[n-°-s∏´ Pohn-X-ap-≠v. Nn¥m-ti-jnbpw a\-s ∂ hgn-
Im-ńbpw Ah-°n-s√-¶nepw ssZh-Z-Ø-amb P∑-hm-k-\-bmWv Ah°v
{]tNm-Z-\-ambpw hgn-Im-ń-bmbpw h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-bnse P∑-hm-
k-\sb shfn-]m-Sm-(h-lvbv)bn-´mWv Jp¿-B≥ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.
A-∂lv¬ A[ym-b-Ønse c≠v kq‡-ßƒ CXn\p sXfn-hm-Wv:
""\ns‚ \mY≥ tX\o-®-Iƒ°v t_m[\w \¬In. ae-I-fn¬\n∂pw
hr£ß- f n¬\n∂pw a\p- j y¿ sIń- b p- ≠ m- ° p∂ ]¥- e n¬\n∂pw
Nnte- S - ß - f n¬ \o IqSp- I - f p- ≠ m- ° p- I . ]ns∂ F√m ê- h ¿K- ß -
fn¬\n∂pw \o `£n-°p-I. F∂n´v \ns‚ \mYs‚ kc-Wn-I-fn¬ kpK-
a-ambn {]th-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. Ah-bpsS hb-dp-I-fn¬\n∂v hnhn[
h¿W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp- ]m-\obw ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂p. AXn¬ a\p-
jy¿°v tcmK-i-a-\-ap-≠v.'' (68: 69)
ankn-kn-∏n-bpsS Xoc-Øp -I-gn-bp∂ HcpXcw ]£n-Iƒ. Ah \n¿an-
°p∂ IqSv in¬]-Nm-cp-X-bpsS alm-hn-kva-b-am-Wv. Hcp imkv{X-⁄≥
ap´ -sIm-≠p-t]mbn hncn-bn®v ]nd∂ ]£nsb Iqń-en´v hf¿Øn.
kl- P o- h n- I - s f- s bm∂pw Hcn- ° ¬t]mepw ImWm- \ p≈ kuIcyw
AXn\v ssIh-∂n-cp-∂n-√. Hcp-\mƒ imkv{X-⁄≥ B ]£n-tbbpw
sIm≠v IS-tem-c-sØ-Øn. A∂-hnsS Xºp-sIń Xma-kn-®p. ]nt‰-∂v
]£n-tbbpw Iqń kzh-k-Xn-bn-te°v Xncn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏m-gmWv
At±lw hnkva-bm-[o-\-\m-b-Xv. Xte∂v cm{Xn B ]£n C√n-Ifpw
63
Iºp-Ifpw tiJ-cn®v kao-]-Øp≈ hr£-s°m-ºn¬ H∂mw-X-c-samcp

IqSp- ≠ m- ° p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. {i≤n- ® - t ∏m- g mWv AXns‚ Iq´p- I mcpw
IpSpw-_-°m-cp-sams° Hcp-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ IqSm-W-sX∂v a\- n-
em-b-Xv. Bcm-W-Xns\ CØ-c-samcp in¬]-X{¥w ]Tn-∏n-®Xv? DØcw
H∂p-am-{Xw˛ P∑-hm-k-\. B ]£n-bn¬ ssZhw kq£n® P∑m-bØ
kn≤n-bm-W-Xv. AXn-s\-bmWv Jp¿-B≥ "hlvbv' F∂v hnfn-®-Xv.
AtN-X\ hkvXp-°ƒ°v t]mepw ssZh-Øns‚ shfn-]m-Sp-≠m-b-Xmbn
thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v.
""A∂m-fn¬ `qan AXns‚ hm¿Ø-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. \ns‚
\mY≥ AXns\ kw_-‘n® t_m[\w \¬In-b-Xn-\m¬.'' (99: 4˛5)
BIm-i-Øns‚ kwc-N-\-sb-∏-‰n- ]-d-bp-∂n-SØv Cßs\ ImWmw:
""Aßs\ c≠p \mfp-I-fn¬ Ahsb Ggv BIm-i-ß-fmbn Ah≥
]q¿Øn-bm-°n. Hmtcm BIm-i-Øn\pw AXns‚ Imcyw Ah≥ Adn-
bn-°p-I-bpw(-hlvbv \¬Ip-I-bpw) sNbvXp.''
thZ-{K-Ÿ-Ønse hnip≤ hN-\-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v Xncy-°p-Iƒ°pw
AtN-X-\-h-kvXp-°ƒ°p-t]mepw C{µn-tb-X-c-amb Adn-hp-Iƒ(-h-lvbv)
e`n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ krjvSn-I-fn¬ t{ijvTw F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-
jy\v hlvbv e`n-°p∂p F∂-Xn¬ hnkva-bn-°m-\pt≠m?
ssZh-Øns‚ hnNn-{X-amb I¿a-im-e-bmWv a\pjy a\- v. AhnsS
]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°p∂ kv^penw-K-ßfpw kvt^mS-\-ß-fp-sa√mw \Ωn¬
hnkva-b-ap-f-hm-°m-dp≠v. tXm∂-ep-I-sf∂pw tNmZ-\-I-sf∂pw kz]v\-
ß-sf∂pw hn`m-h-\-I-sf∂pw \ma-hsb hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. Dd-°hpw
hn{i-a-hp-an-√mØ B ]Wn-bm-e-bnse i_vZhpw shfn-®-hp-sa√mw
khn-kvabw A\p-`-hn-®-dn-™-h-cmWv \mw. a\p-jy-a-\ v ssZh-Øns‚
I¿a-imebmsW-¶n¬ AhnsS hnf-bp∂ hnkva-b-ßsf AYhm shfn-
]m-Sp-Isf Aam-\p-jnIw F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv kq£va-hn-Nn-¥-\-
Øn¬ km[p- h mtWm? AXo- { µn- b - ⁄ m\w Aam- \ p- j nI- a mtWm?
AtXm a\p-jy-\n¬ ssZhw kq£n® Bfl-`m-h-Øns‚ kzIob {]`m-
htam?
s{]m^. hn. apl-ΩZv "Ckvem-anI Z¿i\'Øn¬ Cßs\ tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v:
""\_n-am¿°v e`n-®n-cp∂ hlvbv (Zn-hy-t_m-[-\w) {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-
Øn-∂-Xo-X-amb Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. hlvbv e`n-°p-∂-Xn¬
Aam-\p-j-Xztam AXn-am-\p-j-Xztam H∂p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw hlvbv
64
{]IrXn \nb-a-Øn\v A\p-kr-X-am-bn-Ø-s∂-bmWv kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX-

∂pw a\- n-em-°mw. ]Zm¿Y-ß-fn¬ Ah-bpsS KpW-ßƒ \n£n-]vX-
am-hp-∂Xpw B KpW-ßƒ Ah {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-a-
\p-k-cn-®m-Wv. Pohn-Iƒ°v am¿K-Z¿i-I-amb P∑-hm-k\ Ah-bn¬
\n£n-]vX-am-hp-∂Xpw Ah {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw {]IrXn\nb-a-a-\p-k-
cn-®m-Wv. kz]v\w, Z¿i-\w, tXm∂¬- -Xp-Sßn a\p-jy-\n¬ ImW-s∏-
Sp∂ {]Xn-`m-k-ßfpw {]IrXn \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-®p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Ch-
s°√mw Jp¿-B-\n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n´p-≈Xv "hlvbv' F∂ ]Z-am-Wv. CtX
]Zw Xs∂-bmWv \_n-am¿°v Znhy-k-tµiw e`n-°p∂ am¿K-Øn\pw
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v \_n-am¿°v In´p∂ hlvbv ta¬]-
d™ C{µn- t b- X c ⁄m\- a m¿K- ß - f n¬ s]- ´ Xpw AXns‚
]q¿WX{]m]n® cq]-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-am-sW∂v {Kln-°mw.
""Hcp a\p-jy≥ kz]v\w ImWp-tºmƒ Abm-fpsS ico-c-Øn¬
]e Ne-\-ßfpw \S-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-bn¬ Nne-sX√mw b{¥-k-
lm-b-tØmsS a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-bp-∂-Xm-
sW∂pw Ct∏mƒ a\- n-em-bn-°-gn-™n-´p-≠v. kz]v\w hlvbns‚ `mK-
am-sW∂pw hlvbv t]mse-Xs∂ kphy-‡-amb ssZhn-I-k-tµiw
kz]v\-Øn-eq-sSbpw \¬I-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw Jp¿-B\pw
\_n-h-N-\-ßfpw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. B \ne°v hlvbpw icocw
IqSn ]s¶-Sp-t°≠n hcp∂ Hcp {]{In-b-bm-sW∂p [cn-°mw. apl-
ΩZv \_n°v hlvbv e`n-®n-cp∂ hn[hpw At∏mƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂ A\p-
`-h-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-®n-´p-≈Xv C°mcyw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-
≠v. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ A¬ lZoZv F∂ 57-˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ 25-
˛mw kq‡-ambn Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p:
"Xo¿®-bmbpw \ΩpsS ZqX-∑msc hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ klnXw
\mw Ab-®n-´p-≠v. a\p-jy¿ \oXn-tbmsS \ne-sIm-≈m-\mbn B ZqX-
∑m-cpsS IqsS \mw thZ-{K-Ÿhpw (\o-Xn-bm-Ip-∂) Xpemkpw Cd-°n-
bn-´p-≠v. \mw Ccpºpw Cd-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ ISpØ Bbp-[-i-
‡nbpw a\p-jy¿°v ]e {]tbm-P-\-ß-fp-ap-≠v.' temIØv Ccpºp
e`y-am-°nbXpw {KŸw a\p-jy¿°v \¬I-s∏-´Xpw F√mw H∂n®v
Htc kzc-Øn¬ ]d-bp-Ibpw aq∂n\pw Cd-°pI F∂¿Y-ap≈ Ad_v
]Zw Hcp- t ]mse Dtbm- K n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X n- c n- ° p- I - b m- W v . Htc
{]IrXn\nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv CsX√mw \S-°p-∂-sX∂ \nK-a-\-Øn\v
klm-b-I-am-Wn-Xv.'' hlvbv e`n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Aam-\p-jn-I-Xztam AXn-
am-\p-j-Xztam H∂p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw hlvbv {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-Øn\v
A\p-kr-X-ambnØs∂-bmWv kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX∂pw a\- n-em-°m-hp-
65
∂-Xm-Wv. (Cu hnti-j -hn-Nmc]Y-sØ-°p-dn®v Kuc-h-anb∂ N¿®

\S-°-Ww.)
hlvbv A[zm-\n®v t\Sm-hp-∂-X-s√∂pw ssZh\nbp-‡¿°v am{Xw
ssIh-cp∂ Hcp hnti-jm-\p-`-h-am-sW∂pw Hm¿°p-I.
""\ns∂ Rm≥ Fs‚ Bh-iym¿Yw sXc-s™-SpØp'' (20: 105)
F∂v aqkm-\-_n-tbmSv Hcn-°¬ A√mlp ]d-™p.
bq\pkv \_n-sb-∏‰n ]d-™-p: ""At±-l-Øns‚ c£n-Xmhv At±-
l-sØ(-{]-hm-N-I-\m-bn) sXc-s™-Sp-Øp.'' (68: 50)
""Ah≥ Xs‚ ASn-a-I-fn¬\n∂pw Xm\p-t±-in-°p-∂-h¿°v Xs‚
I¬]-\-b-\p-k-cn®v dqln-s\(-Zn-hy-k-tµ-i-sØ) \¬Ip∂p.'' (40: 15)
""A√mlp Ah-\p-t±-in-°p-∂-h¿°v Xs‚ A\p-{Klw ({]-hm-N-I-
Xz-]-Z-hn) {]tXy-I-ambn \¬Ip-∂p.'' (2: 105)
apl-ΩZv Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy≥. Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy-\mb
apl-Ω-Zn¬ {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-s‚-b-\p-{Klw t{]mPz-en-°p∂ thf-bn¬,
alm-\p-`-h-ßƒ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xv \mw ImWp-∂p. Ah-sb√mw
ssZh-\n-›n-X-amb {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ {]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ Xs∂-
bm-sW¶n-epw hymh-lm-cn-Im¿Y-Øn¬ B alm-\p-`-h-ß-sf√mw Aam-
\p-jn-I-ß-sf∂v \ma-dn-bp-∂p. AXv hy‡n-°v, kmam-\y-a-\p-jy\v
A{]m-]y-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v \sΩ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw AXv Aam-
\p-jn-Iw-X-s∂.
a\p-jy-_p-≤n°pw `mh-\°pw cq]w-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w
AXyp-∂-Xhpw AXym-I¿j-Ihpw ANpw-_n-Xm-i-b-ßƒ \nd-™-Xp-
amb Hcp {KŸw F∂ \ne-°mWv Jp¿-B-\n¬ Aam-\p-jn-IX Z¿in-
°p- ∂ - s X∂ hnNm- c - a - X n- b mb auem\m auZq- Z n- b psS {]kv X mhw
Nn¥m¿l-am-Wv. B Ime-L-´-Ønse kmln-Xy-Øns‚ kap-∂-Xhpw
kºq¿W-hp-amb amXr-I-bmWv Jp¿-B≥. Bi-bm-hn-jvIm-c-Øn\v
A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]Z-ßfpw hnh-c-W-co-Xn-bp-amWv AhnsS ImWp-∂-
Xv. Htc hnjbw ]e-X-hW hnh-cn-®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw Hmtcm kµ¿`-Øn-
tebpw hnh-c-W-ssien hyXy-kvX-am-sW∂p ImWmw. Ihn-X-t]mse
kpµ- c - a mWv ]Z- h n- \ y- k - \ w. A\p- h m- N - I s\ lTm- Z m- I ¿jn- ° m≥
t]mcpwhn[w hiy-amWv BJym\ ssien. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]Xn-\mev
Ign-™n´pw B {KŸw Ad-_n-`mjm kmln-Xy-Øns‚ AXyp-∂-X-
am- X r- I - b mbn A\yq- \ - a m- b , tXbv a m\w hcmØ Af- h p- t Im- e mbn
C∂pw hncm-Pn-°p-∂p. kmlnXy aqey-hn-Nm-c-Øn¬ Jp¿-B∂v ka-
66
io¿j-amb as‰m∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bn√. temI-`m-j-I-fn¬ Imew hcp-

Ønb am‰-ßƒ Gsd-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ hymI-c-Ww, cN-\m-co-Xn, {]tbm-
K-{]-IrXw F∂nh C{Xbpw Zo¿L-Imew Htc hn[-Øn¬ XpS-cp∂
as‰mcp `mjm-in-¬]-hp-an-s√-∂mWv `mjm Kth-j-I-∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
`mjm-]-c-amb kIe Hu∂-Xy-ßƒ°pw am\-Z-fi-ambn h¿Øn-®Xpw
Ad-_n-`m-jsb AXns‚ kzt£-{X-Øn¬ ZrV-cq-V-am°n \n¿Øn-
bXpw Jp¿-B-\-s{X.
as‰√m {KŸ-ß-fnepw {]£n-]vX-ßfpw Xncp-Ø-ep-Ifpw ]mT-t`-
Z-ßfpw D≠m-b-Xmbn ImWmw. F∂m¬ Ch-sbm∂pw hnip-≤-Jp¿-
Bs\ kv]¿in-®n-ń-√. a\p-jy-Nn-¥-bnepw kaq-l-Øns‚ kmam-\y-
amb kZmNm-c-Ønepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw Pohn-X-co-Xn-bnepw a\p-jy-
Po- h n- X - Ø n- e m- s I- Ø - s ∂bpw C{X- t a¬ AKm- [ - a mbn kzm[o- \ n®
as‰mcp {KŸ-an√.
23 h¿j-°m-e-sa-∂Xv a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS {]bm-W-K-Xn-bn¬ sNdn-
sbmcp Ime-b-f-hm-Wv. F∂m¬ B Ime-b-f-hn¬ Hcp P\-]-Z-sØ-
bmsI am‰n-a-dn-°m≥ Cu alm-Z¿i-\-Øn\v km[n-®p. Ahn-sS-\n∂v
Dbn-c-Wn™ P\X thZ-{K-Ÿ-Ønse alnX hN- p-I-fpsS i‡n
kzm[o-\-X-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-cmbn temI-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-sfbpw \ho-
I-cn-®p. B {KŸ-in¬]-Øns‚ A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-amb {]Nm-c-Whpw
kzm[o-\-X-bpsS {]kmc-Whpw C∂pw XpS-cp-∂p. Cu {KŸw tIhew
GSp-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-I-b-√, {]XypX Hcp ]pXp-Nn-¥bpw Hcp
]pXnb Pohn-X-kw-kvImchpw hncn-bn-s®-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v Pohn-X-`q-an-I-
bn¬ {]`m-kn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXnse {]Xn-]mZyw Xo¿Øpw km¿h-P-
\o-\hpw km¿h-Im-en-I-hp-am-Wv. {]]-©-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw, AXns‚
D¬]Øn ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ, LS-\, hyhÿ XpS-ßnb hnim-em-i-b-k-
a-{K-X-bn-emWv Jp¿-B≥ Du∂n-\n¬°p-∂-Xv.
Cu temIØv a\p-jys‚ km£m¬ ÿm\hpw \ne-]mSpw hy‡-
ambn \n¿W-bn-®p-Im-Wn-®-tijw a\p-jy-s\- kw-_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw
bmYm¿Yy-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ icn-bmb Nn¥m-k-c-Wnbpw I¿a
am¿K-hp-ta-Xv, h¿Pn-°-s∏-tS≠ taJ-e-I-tfXv Fs∂√mw Jp¿-B≥
Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p.
t\¿am¿Kw imizX kz`m-h-an-b∂Xm-sW∂pw Zp¿am¿Kw £W-
{]- ` m- { ]- I r- X hpw hnIe {]hW- h p- a m- s W∂pw {]]- © - X - e - ß -
fn¬\n∂pw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬\n-∂p-t]mepw ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fp-b¿Øn-
°mń ka¿Yn-°p-hm≥ thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn\v Ign-bp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w
67
Fßs\ a\p- j y≥ Zp¿am¿K- Ø n- t e°v hgp- X n- h o- g p- ∂ p- s h∂pw

Fs∂∂pw H∂p am{X-amb t\¿am¿Kw Fßs\ a\p-jy\v Adn-bm≥
Ign-bp-sa∂pw Hmtcm Ime-L-´-Ønepw AXv Fßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂pw Jp¿-B≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. t\¿am¿Kw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-
°pI am{X-a-√, AXn-eqsS Ncn-°m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ Hcp kºq¿W
Pohn-X-]-≤-Xn-bm-hn-jvI-cn-°m\pw thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn\v km[n-®n-´p-≠v.
BZ¿iw, kZm-Nm-cw, Bfl-kw-kvI-c-Ww, Bcm-[-\, kmaq-ly-
Po-hn-Xw, \mKcn-I-X,- k-º-ZvcwKw XpS-ßnb a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚
kIe hi-ß-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ \nb-a-ßsf ka-RvP-k-ambn
tIm¿Øn-W-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-W-hn-sS. t\¿am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ncn-®m¬ Cu
temIØpw Cu temI- h y- h ÿ XI¿∂- t ijw ]c- t em- I Øpw
Fs¥¥p ê-ß-fm-Wp-f-hmIpI F∂pw Jp¿-B≥ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-
∂p. CltemIm-¥y-Øn-s‚bpw ]c-tem-Im-cw-`-Øn-s‚bpw kz`mhw
AXv kphn-i-Z-ambn hc-®p-Im-´p-∂p. am‰-Øns‚ F√m L´-ßfpw AXv
{]Xn-]Zw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. ]c-tem-I-Øns‚ kºq¿W Nn{Xw AXv
\ΩpsS ap∂n-e-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. AhnsS a\p-jy≥ Fßs\ ]p\¿P-
\n-°p∂p, sFln-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hnNm-cW Fßs\ \S-°p∂p
Fs∂-√m-ap≈ Imcy-ßƒ tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ I¿a-
68
tc-J-Iƒ A\n-tj-[yamwhn[w Fßs\ lmP-cm-°-s∏-Sp-∂p, Ah°v

Ah-ew-_-ambn F{X-sb{X {]_-e-amb km£y-ßƒ D∂-bn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂p, c£ e`n-°p-∂-h\v c£bpw in£ e`n-°p-∂-h\v in£bpw
Xs∂ F¥p- s Im≠v ssIh- c p- ∂ p, c£ {]m]n- ° p- ∂ h≥ t\Sp∂
kΩm-\ßsf-¥v, in£-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿ t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp∂ `hn-jy-
Øp-Iƒ Gh F∂o hkvXp-X-I-sf√mw Jp¿-B≥ hnS¿Øn-°m-´p-∂p-
≠v. Cu hnj-b-ß-sf√mw Jp¿-B≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv X¬°¿Ømhv
Nne hc´p kn≤m-¥-ßƒ \nc-Øn-sh®v A\p-am-\-ß-fp-tS-Xmb Hcp
ku[w ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øp∂ coXn-bn-e-√, {]XypX Jp¿Bs‚ I¿Ømhv
bmYm¿Yy-ß-fp-ambn apJm-`n-apJw _‘-s∏-Sp-∂h\pw BZy¥w kI-
e-Øn-s\bpw kao-£n-°p-∂-h-\pw -k-I-e-⁄-\p-amWv F∂ ASn-ÿm-
\-Øn-em-Wv. {]]-©-am-sI, ]c-tem-I-X-ew-t]mepw hnSp¿Øn-sh®
{KŸw-t]mse Ahs‚ ap∂n¬ Xpd-∂p-In-S-°p-∂p.
A\p-am-\-sØtbm Dul-sØtbm Bkv]-Z-am-°n-b-√, ⁄m\-
Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv Ah≥ a\p-jys\ am¿K-Z¿i\w sNøp-
∂-Xv. Ahs‚ \nK-a-\-ß-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw Aÿm-\-Ømb A\p-`-
h-ß-fn-√. {]]-©-sØ-°p-dn®pw Pohn-Xmtbm[\ß-sf-°p-dn-®pap≈
Ahs‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ A\p-`-h-ß-tfmSpw kw`-h-ß-tfmSpw s]mcp-
Ø- s ∏- S p- ∂ - h bpw Hmtcm imkv { X- h n- ` m- K - s Øbpw kw_- ‘ n- t ®- S -
tØmfw Kth-j-W-Øn-\m-[m-c-am-bn-Øo-cm-hp-∂-h-bp-am-Wv. Ahs‚
hN-\-Øn¬ imkv{X-Øn-s‚bpw hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw \mK-cn-I-X-bp-
sSbpw ]c-am-t\z-j-W-Øn-te-°p≈ hgn\bn-°-ep-ap-≠v. ]q¿Whpw
ka-{K-hp-amb Hcp Nn¥m-[mc XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-S-Ø-°-hn[w
\ymb- b p- ‡ - a mb ]c- k v ] - c - _ - ‘ - ß - f p≠v Ah XΩn¬. C{Xbpw
_rl- Ø mb Hcp a\p- j y- { ]- I rXn Ct∂m- f - a p- ≠ m- b n- ´ p- t ≠m F∂
tNmZy-Øn\v Cs√-∂p-am-{X-a√ Xo¿Øp-anXv Akm-[m-c-Ww, Aam-\p-
jnIw F∂ {]Xn-I-cWw IqSn Dd-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
69
ssien F∂Xv Hcm-fpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. Style is the

man (ssi-en-bmWv a\p-jy≥) F∂pw Style is the personality(ssien-
X-s∂-bmWv hy‡nXzw) F∂psams° Zm¿i-\nI hN-\-ß-fp-≠v. Ccp-
]-Øn-aq∂p h¿j-°mew XpS¿∂ shfn-]m-Sp-ssi-enbpw AXn-\p-apºpw
]nºpw CS-th-f-I-fn-ep-am-bp≈ apl-Ω-Zns‚ km[m-cW ssienbpw
XΩn¬ {]I-S-amb hyXym-k-ap-s≠∂ bmYm¿Yyw hnc¬Nq≠p-∂Xv
Jp¿-Bs‚ Aam-\p-jn-I-X-bn-te-°m-Wv.
Po-hn-X-Øns‚ BZy-bmaw sXm´v A¥y-\n-anjw hsc, sshhn-[y-
am¿∂ Pohn-X-X-e-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]mb A\p-`-h-k-º-∂-amb Hcp
khn- t ij hy‡n- X z- a m- W v {]hm- N - I - t ‚- X v . Xs∂ lrZ- b - ] q¿hw
kvt\ln-® kz¥-°mcpw _‘p-an-{X-ß-fp-amb P\-ßƒ, {]hm-N-I-
Xz-Øn-\p-tijw Ah-cn¬ an°-hcpw hd-JXv {]h-Nn-®-t]mse i{Xp-
°-fmbn amdn. Ah-tlf\-ßfpw `¿’-\-ßfpw {]tem-`-\-ßfpw òj-
Wn-I-fpw B{I-a-W-ßfpw _ln-jvI-c-Whpw h[-{i-ahpsa√mw Ac-
tß-dn.
adp\mSp-I-fn-te-°p≈ ]em-b\w, A\p-N-c-∑m-c-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h∂
Zp¿h-l- ]oU-\ßƒ irwJ-e-t]mse XpS¿∂p-h∂ bp≤-ßƒ, Pb-
]-cm-P-b-ßƒ, kpJ-Zpx-J-ßƒ, HSp°w Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-amb alm hnP-
bw Hcp alm-km-{am-Py-Øns‚ k¿h-km-cYyw!
a\p-jys‚ kl-P-`m-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw kaq-lhpw kml-N-cy-ßfpw
kw`-h-ßfpw a\p-jy-\n-ep-≠m-°p∂ BLmX {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-sf-°p-
dn®pw kmam\y ⁄m\ap≈ Bcpw hnIm-c-hn-kvt^m-S-I-ß-fmb Cu
hyXykvX kml-N-cy-ß-fnse a\- ns‚ Xmf-hy-Xym-k-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw
Nn¥n-°pw. hn£p_v[ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS then-tb-‰-ap-≠mb Ccp-]-Øn-
aq∂v h¿j-°mew! F∂m¬ shfn-]mSp hN- p-I-fn-sem-cn-SØpw kmXzn-
I-X-bpsS Xmf-e-b-ß-f-√msX Ah-Xm-f-Øns‚ emRvO-\-t]mepw
Ac-tß-dn-b-Xmbn I≠n-√. hnIm-c-ß-fpsS hr≤n-£-b-ßfpw cpNn-t`-
Z-ßfpw a\p-jy-a-\- p-I-fn¬ km[m-c-W-am-Wv. a\p-jys‚ kzc-N-e-\-
ß-fn-emsI a\- ns‚ hnt£m-`-ßfpw at\m-`m-h-ß-fmsIØs∂bpw
\ng¬ hncn°pw F∂Xv kzm`m-hn-Iw. thZ-{K-Ÿ-Ønse Nn¥-I-fp-
sSbpw hN- p-I-fp-sSbpw t{kmX v apl-Ω-Zns‚ a\- m-sW-¶n¬
Ahn-SsØ \ndhpw aWhpw kzchpw B hN- p-I-fnepw kw{I-an°pw.
Ah-sbm∂pw A\p-`-h-s∏-SmØ hn[w BZy¥w A¤p-X-I-c-amb ka-
Nn-ØX kwc-£n-°-s∏´p t]m∂n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ ChnSw Bg-Øn-ep≈
hnNn-¥\w A¿ln-°p-∂p-sh∂pw AXv Jp¿-Bs‚ Aam-\p-jn-I-X-
bpsS km[p- X - b n- t e°v \sΩ \bn- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂pw Icp- X p- I - b mWv
70
Rm≥.
hmXn¬∏m-fn-bn-eqsS AIw I≠-t∏mƒ

ssZhw, {]hm-N-I≥, thZ-{KŸw˛]-T-\o-b-ß-fmb ]Z-{Xbw! ssZh-
sØbpw thZ-{K-Ÿ-sØbpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb alm-a-\ v! ssZh-
Øns‚ Xncp-Zq-X≥; kaq-l-Øns‚ hniz-kvX≥. t¢i-]q¿Whpw kw`-
h-_lp-e-hp-amb Hcp kml-knI Pohn-Xw. F∂n´pw Bfl-I-Ym-]-c-
am-bn, kzPo-hn-X-_-‘n-bmbn thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn-sem-∂p-an√! "Rm≥ I≠
e≠≥' F∂Xv Fgp-Xn-°-gn-bp-tºmƒ "e≠≥ I≠ Rm\m'bn∏-cn-
W- a n- ° p∂ Ime- ] - Y - Ø n¬, ssZhm- \ p- { KlØn\pw P\- { ]o- X n°pw
hnt[-b-\mb apl-ΩZv Xs∂-°p-dn-s®m-∂p-sa-gp-XmsX Hcp {KŸw {]Im-
in-∏n-°pI! Xo¿®-bm-Wv, Ncn-{X-Ønse Hc-]q¿h-X-bm-Wn-Xv. a‰p thZ-
{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n∂v Xo¿Øpw hyXykvXw!
apºpw Iptd thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. Im¬∏m-Sp-Iƒt]mepw
Ahti-jn-∏n-°msX ]eXpw A{]-Xy-£-ß-fm-bn. temIhpw Imehpw
IpØn- t °m- d n- b n- ´ - X p- s Im- ≠ v ]e- X n- s ‚bpw apJw hnIr- X - a m- b n.
XudmØpw C©oepw Ah-ti-jn®hbn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. Ggmw \q‰m-
≠neh- X o¿W- a mb Jp¿- B ≥ k¿hm- X n- i m- b n- b mbn! F¥p- s Im≠v
k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-Øw? a\p-jy-cm-in-°m-I-am-\-am-bp≈ ktµ-iw-˛-k-Ie
aX- km-c-k-a-\zbw! kw]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ Z¿i\ in¬]w!
ssZhw Icp- W m- a - b ≥. ImcpWy hyh- l mcw Ahs‚ eoem- h n-
t\mZw. Ah≥ a\p-jy-cm-insb krjvSn-®Xv AXn\p-th-≠n(11: 19).
a\p-jy\v am{Xw hntij_p≤n \¬In. AXpw Ahs‚ ImcpWy
{]l¿jw-sIm-≠v. hgn-\-bn-°m≥ {]hm-N-I≥amscbb-®p. hgn-sh-fn-
®-ambn thZ-{K-Ÿ-an-d-°n. kmam-\y-am-sbmcp ZuXy-ta¬]n-®p. a\p-jy\v
Np‰pw Ccp-fp-I-fm-Wv, Hcp-]mSv Ccp-fp-Iƒ! ""\nßsf A‘-Im-c-ß-
fn¬\n∂v shfn-®-Øn-te°v \bn-°m\m-WXv''(59: 9). hne-°p-Ifpw
hnew-L-\-ßfpw sIm≠v XS-b-W-bn´ Zp¿Ka-c-∞y-Iƒ. hn[n-hn-e-°p-
Iƒ°-[n-Imcw aX-ßƒ°m-bn-cp∂p. Nn¥n-°m\pw ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn-eq-
∂n hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw kzX-{¥-ambn \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øm\pw Bh-
iy-s∏´ BZysØ aXZ¿i\w ˛Jp¿B≥.
]q¿W-X-bn¬\n-∂mWv B alnX kwkvIrXn Hgp-In-Øn-cn-®-Xv.
]q¿W-Xsb Bh-ln®v ]q¿W-X-bn¬Xs∂ A`n-c-an-°m-\m-cw-`n® Hcp
71
Xo¿Y {]bm-Ww. AXv a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ al-Ø-a-amb Hcp Xo¿Y-

{]-bm-W-am°n am‰n. ]q¿W-X-bpsS kmao-]y-aW™v \nXy-\n¿hrXn
]qIm≥ a\p-jys\ hgn-\-bn-°p∂ Hcp atlm-]-\n-j-ØmWv Jp¿-B≥.
k¿h-tem-I-ßƒ°pw ImcpWyambpw {]Imiw ]c-Øp∂ hnf-°m-
bpw ssZhw Hcp ]hn{X a\- ns\ Is≠-Øn. AsXmcp hcn-jvS-\n-
tbm-K-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]q¿W-X-bpsS ]mcm-hmcw hnf-bn-s®-SpØ arXPo-
h\n apl-Ω-Zns‚ a\- n-te-°v, amem-J-bmb Pn_vco-en-eqsS tZh-
Xo¿Yw t]mse Hgp-In-sbØn. A\p-kyq-X-amb Hcp {]hm-l-K-Xn-t]m-
e-√, Ah-Xm-cWw A\n-hm-cy-am-°-s∏´ hnti-jm-h-k-c-ß-fn-se√mw
Hcp ia-\u-j-[ambn Ah Hgp-In-sb-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ a\- n-
ep-d-s∂-Ønb ssZhn-Im-i-b-ßƒ A£-c-tem]w hcm-sX, Bi-b-`w-
K-ta-imsX bYm-XYw kaq-l-Øns‚ ap∂n-ep-d-s∂-Øn. tI´p-d-∏n-
°m\pw Fgp- X n- s h- ° m\pw hn{`- a - { ]- h - W - a mb Bthiw ImWn®
⁄m\ ]o]m-kp-°ƒ. shfn-]mSv hN-\-ßƒs°mØv sXfn-hm¿∂
PohnXw cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb A\p-N-c-∑m-cp-sSbpw A\p-Km-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw
hn{ip-X-h-ebw Aßs\ hnI-kz-c-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ sImgn-bp-Ibpw P\-ßƒ ]c-tIm-Sn-I-fmbn s]cp-Ip-
Ibpw sNbvXp. Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn¬, Blmc\olm-cm-Zn-I-fn¬, hnNm-c-
hn-izm-k-ß-fn¬, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬, ImgvN-bn¬, thgvN-bn¬
F√mw am‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn. ssZh-ZØw F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ thZ-
{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬t]mepw am‰n-a-dn-°-ep-Ifpw Iqń-t®¿°-ep-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn.
F∂m¬ kXy-th-Z-{K-Ÿ-Ønse ]cm-a¿i-ß-sfm∂pw tNmZywsNø-
s∏-ń-√. {]£n-]vX-ß-fm-tcm-]n-°-s∏-ń-√. Ime-Øns‚ ]cp-j-kzcw
AXns‚ t\sc t\m°n A\p-Nn-Xw, A{]m-tbm-Kn-Iw-˛-F-s∂m∂pw A]-
h-Zn-®n-√. "euln'se Jp¿-Bs‚ _mly-{]-Ir-Xhpw A¥x-ku-µ-cyhpw
ssItamiwhcmsX kXy- t h- Z - { KŸw C∂pw {]`m- k n- ° p- ∂ p- ˛ - \ ndw
aßmØ,- Xn-d-am¿∂ ssZhnItPym-Xn- p-t]mse!
F¥p-sIm-≠nXv Ime-°m-‰n-ep-e-™n√? F¥p-sIm-≠nXv temI-
kv]¿iwsIm≠v am™n√? F¥p-sIm-≠nXv cpNn-t`Zw Io¿Øn®v ]cn-
jvI-cn-°-s∏-ń√?
ImcWw CXv ssZh-Ir-X-amWv. km¿h-P-\o-\-amWv. km¿h-Im-en-
I-am-Wv. ]q¿Whpw ]cn-ip-≤-hp-am-Wv.
CXns‚ c£-W-_m-[yX ssZh-Øn-\m-Wv. Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-bmWv
Cu Z¿i-\-hn-ti-j-sa∂v ssa°¬ F®v. lm¿´v ]d-™p. \nXy-\q-X-
\Xzw Jp¿- B s‚ khn- t i- j - X - b m- s W∂v Ncn- { X- I m- c - \ mb Un.- h n.
72
kvanØv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. ""am‰n-a-dn-°-ep-Iƒ°-Xo-X-am-b, kzbw ]q¿W-

amb H∂mWv Jp¿-B≥'' F∂v Zm¿i-\n-I-\mb shdn-In‰v ka¿Yn-®p.
""Ime-Øns‚ ssI∏m-Sp-I-tf¬°mØ hn{ip-X-{K-Ÿ-amWv apl-Ω-Zn-
eqsS Bhn-jvIr-X-amb Jp¿-B-≥'' F∂v {]JymX k¿K-{]-Xn-`-bmb
sebv ≥ t]mƒ tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø n. Ckv e m- a nI kwkv I r- X n- s b- ° p- d n®v
{]uV-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvX B¿t\mƒUv Jp¿-Bs‚ k¿hm-Xn-
im-bnØw sXfn-a-tbmsS {]Im-in-∏n-®p. F√m thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw ]cn-
jv I - c - W - ß fpw shń- Ø n- c p- Ø - e p- I fpw \S- ∂ - t ∏mƒ Ah- s °√mw
A{]m-]y-ambn, AN-©-e-am-bn, D≤r-X-ho-cy-tØmsS {]`m-kn® thZ-
{K- Ÿ - a mWv Jp¿- B s\∂v Zm¿i- \ n- I \mb ]ma¿ {]kv X m- h n- ® p.
""{]mtbm-Kn-Im-ssZz-X-Øns‚ h‡m-hmWv {]hm-N-I≥ apl-ΩsZ''∂v
kzman hnth-Im-\-µ≥ {]Jym-]n-®-t∏mƒ {]Im-cm-¥-tcW Io¿Øn-°-
s∏-´Xv thZ-{KŸw Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ch-sc√mw Aapkvenw {]Xn-`-I-fm-
bn-cp-∂p. P∑_m[y-Xtbm hnizm-k-]-c-amb hnt[-b-Xztam sIm≠√,
{]XypX _u≤n- I - a mb kXy- k - ‘ X ]cn- c - £ n- ° - s ∏- S Ww F∂
\njvI¿j sIm≠mWv taep-≤-cn® ]cm-a¿i-ß-sf-√m-ap-≠m-b-Xv.
aXsØ Hcp hnImcw am{X-ambn°mWp∂ Nne hnizm-kn-I-fp-
≠v. Ah¿ thZ-{K-ŸsØ HmXn-Øo¿°p∂p; HmØp-In-Øm-_mbn
am{X-a-Xns\°mWp-∂p. A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv IW°v ]d™v HmØp-]-
W- Ø n\v ISn- ] nSn IqSp- ∂ - h - c m- W - h ¿. F{X Ipdn Xkv _ nbpe- ® p-
sh∂pw F{X-h´w IAv_ t\m°n Ip\n-™p-sh∂pw Fgp-Xn-°mń
{]Xn-êw tNmZn-°p-∂-h-cpsS FÆw IqSnhcn-I-bm-Wn-t∏mƒ. ùXn-
I-amb Imcy-em-`-ßƒ°pw Bflobamb t\´-ßƒ°pw th≠n A£-
c-ap-cp-°gn-°p-∂-h-tcmSv Adn™p sNm√m-\p-]-tZ-in® {]hm-N-I≥ Ahn-
sSbpw \ap-s°mcp am¿K-Z¿inbm-Wv. ""hmbn-°p-∂-Xns‚ s]mcp-f-dn-
bmtam?'' ˛ {]hm-N-I≥ tNmZn®p. DØcw \ntj-[-cq-]-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
{]hm-N-I≥ hni-Zo-I-cn®p: ""]mcm-bWw sNøp-I-˛-A-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv.
]t£, Imcy-a-dn-™p-sIm-≠m-h-Ww.'' {]hm-N-I≥ aµ-l-kn-®p. B
aµ-lm-khpw \ap°v {]tNm-Z-I-am-h-Ww. Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ {]t_m-
[n-∏n-°p∂p: ""Xm¶ƒ°v \mw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-X∂ A\p-Kr-lo-X-amb
Hcp thZ-{K-Ÿ-am-Wn-Xv. CXnse hN-\-ßƒ a\p-jy¿ a\- n-cp-Øn-®n-
¥n-°m\pw _p≤n-am-∑m¿ Hm¿an-°m\pw th≠n-bmWv Ah-X-cn-®n-´p-
≈Xv''(38: 29). {KŸ-ßƒ Adn-hns‚ cXv\J\n-bm-Wv. Adn-hn\mbn
\ma-hsb kao-]n-°p-∂p. \qX-\m-i-b-ß-sf-s°m≠v a\ v \nd-bp-∂p.
Ah \ΩpsS Nn¥sb kº-∂hpw bp‡n-`-{Z-hp-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂p.
F∂m¬, Jp¿-B≥ F∂ thZ-{K-ŸsØ kao-]n-°p-∂Xv A`y-k-\-
73
Øn\pw AXn-\p-a-∏pdw A\p-≤ym-\-Øn-\p-am-Wv. Jp¿-Bs‚ {]mY-anI

ZuXyw {]t_m-[-\-am-Wv. bp‡n-`-{Z-amb Imcy-ß-f-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-
≠mWv Cu ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
temI-P-\Xsb-bmsI A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv Jp¿-
B≥ kwkm-cn-®-Xv. AXns‚ am¿Kw kzoI-cn-®-h¿s°√mw AXv Bflo-
b-amb hntam-N\w hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. B _rl-Zv{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Hcn-S-
Øp- t ]mepw Hcp {]tXyI h¿K- s Øtbm cmjv { SsØtbm Gsd
{]nbwIcw F∂ coXn-bn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-√. kz¥w Xm¬]-cy-Øn\-
∏p-dØv Iøpw IÆpw \o´m-\-dn-™p-Iq-SmØ kzm¿Yw-`-cn-I-fmb Bfp-
Iƒ! F∂m¬ AXn-sem∂pw {i≤n®v th]-Yp-sIm-≈m-sX, kmaq-ly-
\oXn ÿm]n-°m-\p≈ hn`m-hn-X-e-£y-tØmsS kXy-thZw apt∂m´p
\oßn. a\p-jy-km-am-\y-Øn-ep≈ [m¿an-I-amb i‡n km[y-X-I-fn¬
hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®v, k¶p-Nn-Xhpw ss\an-jn-I-hp-amb hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ß-
sf-b-h-K-Wn®v kXy-thZw apt∂m´p \oßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-
≠m-W-Xn\v hnim-e-amb ImgvN-∏mSpw _lp-e-amb I¿a-cw-K-ß-fp-ap-
≠m-b-Xv.
Zcn-{Zs\ hn´v [\n-I-t\mSv am{X-ambn kXy-thZw kwh-Zn-®n-√. a¿Z-
Is\ {i≤n-°msX a¿Zn-X-t\mSv am{X-ambn AXv kº¿°w ]pe¿Øn-
bn- √ . F√m hn\- I ƒ°pw ImcWw a\p- j y- a - \ - ns‚ Xn∑- I - f m-
sW∂pw Ah-bmWv hn]m-S\wsNø-s∏-tS-≠-sX∂pw thZ-{KŸw hne-
bn-cp-Øp-∂p. F√m thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sSbpw kao-]-\-a-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-
sIm-≠mWv {]hm-N-I-\mb tamkkv C{km-tb-ense km[m-c-W-°m-
c-t\mSpw ^tdmhm cmPm-hn-t\mSpw Htc-t]mse kwkm-cn-®-Xv. BIm-
i-Øn\p NphsS, `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ G‰hpw kXy-k-‘-\mb a\p-
jy≥ F∂v «mLn-°-s∏´ A_q-Z¿dnt\m-Spw, Cu bphm-hns‚ a÷
hsc Cuam- \ m- s W∂v Xm≥ Xs∂ Io¿Øn® AΩm- d n- t \mSpw
Ip’nX_p≤n-I-fmb Jpssd-in-{]-am-Wn-am-tcmSpw A¥y-{]-hm-N-I≥
hnth- N - \ - a n- √ msX kwkm- c n- ® Xv AXp- s Im- ≠ m- W v . kz¥w Xn∑-
Iƒ°pw Alw-t_m-[-Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc t]mcm´w {]Jym-]n-°m≥ Jp¿-
B≥ ]e¿°pw Bfl-hocyw \¬In. Hcp-]-t£, temIw ]cn-N-b-s∏´
G‰hpw henb hnπ-hw-˛-Pn-lm-Zp¬ AIv_¿˛, Hcmƒ kz¥w tZtl-—-
Iƒ°pw at\m-am-en-\y-ßƒ°p-sa-Xnsc \S-Øp∂ alm-hn-πhw Bhn-
jvI-cn-®Xv thZ-{K-Ÿ-am-Wv. hy‡n-K-X-ß-fmb B{K-lm-`n-em-j-ßsf
Aa¿Øn \n¿Øn, kaq-l-Øns‚ \∑°pw hnIm-k-hr-≤n-Iƒ°pw-
th≠n s]mcpXn acn-°m≥ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°m-thiw \¬Inb al-
Zv{K-Ÿ-am-W-Xv. Ah-{Ihpw AXn-hn-ip-≤-hp-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS a\ pw
74
a\x-km-£n-bp-sa-√mw. Ah-cpsS kao-]-\-Ønepw at\m`mh-Ønepw

Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-amb am‰-ap-≠m-°n-bXv thZ-{K-Ÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]p-gpsh
ie-`-am-°m\pw aW¬°m-Sns\ ae¿hm-Sn-bm-°m\pw Im´-d-_nsb tZh-
a-\- m-°m\pw Zp¿_-e-X-bn¬ i‡n hnf-bn-°m\pw i{Xp-hn¬ t]m-
epw kvt\l-hmbv]pW¿Øm\pw i‡n]I¿∂Xv thZ-{K-Ÿ-am-bn-cp-
∂p.
At\ym\y `n∂-ß-f-s√-¶nepw Jp¿-B-\n¬ c≠p-Xcw `mj-I-fp-
s≠∂v kq£va-Zr-°p-Iƒ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. _p≤n-tbmSv kwkm-cn-
°m≥ t]m∂ hnNm-c-`mj; lrZ-b-tØmSv kwh-Zn-°m≥ khn-ti-j-X-
bm¿∂ hnIm-c-`m-j. kzX{¥ Nn¥m-io-e-Øns‚ {]mapJyw C{X-ta¬
hnfn-®-dn-bn® as‰mcp thZ-{K-Ÿ-an-√. ""Nn¥n-°mØ _[n-ccpw Dua-I-
fp-amWv A√m-lp-hn\v G‰hpw \nIr-jvS-Po-hn-Iƒ''(8: 22). imco-cn-I-
amb \yq\m-h-ÿ-b√ ChnsS hnh-£. \mhn\v {]h¿Ø-\-ti-jn-bn-
√m-Ø-h-\√ ChnsS Dua-bmbn hnh-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. sNInSv s]m´-
s\- b √ _[n- c ≥ F∂v hnfn- ® Xv . ImXp- ≠ m- b n´pw tIƒt°- ≠ Xv
tIƒ°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h-\mWv _[n-c≥˛ Ah-\mWv \nIr-jvS-Po-hn.
samgn-bm≥ \m°p-≠m-bn´pw kXyw samgn-bm≥ Ad-®p-\n¬°p-∂-h-
s\-bmWv Jp¿-B≥ \nIr-jvS-Pohn F∂v hnfn-®-Xv. kXyw ]d-bm≥
aSn-°p-Ibpw \√Xv tIƒ°m-\-d-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-s\-bmWv aqI-
\mbpw _[n-c-\mbpw hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.
Cl-]-c-ß-sf∂ ]q¿thm-Ø-cm¿[-ß-fn-embn ]S¿∂p-\n¬°p∂
H∂mWv a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-sa∂pw Ch-bn¬ DØ-cm¿[-amb ]mc-{XnI
Pohn-X-amWv Xmc-X-tay\ {]map-Jy-an-b∂-sX∂pw Jp¿-B≥ kn≤m-
¥n-°p-∂p.
""Cu sFln-I-Po-hnXw Ifnbpw hnt\m-Zhpw am{X-am-Wv. \n›-b-
ambpw ]c- t em- I `h\w Xs∂- b mWv bYm¿Yhpw imiz- X - h p- a mb
PohnXw.'' (29: 64)
""\nßƒ sFln-I-hn-`-h-ßƒ Dt±-in-°p∂p. A√m-lp-hm-Is´ ]c-
tem-I-sØ-bm-Wp-t±-in-°p-∂Xv. A√mlp AP-ø\pw bp‡n-am-\p-am-
Ip∂p.'' (8: 67)
""]t£, \nßƒ sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn\v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂p.
]c-tem-I-am-Is´ G‰hpw DØ-ahpw Fs∂∂pw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂-Xp-
am-Wv.'' (87: 16-˛17)
{]]-©-Po-hnXw Ab-Ym¿Yhpw \nc¿Y-Ihpw anYy-bp-am-sW∂√
75
ChnsS Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. apJym¿[w F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]mc{Xn-

I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Ah-ew-_-in-ebpw \nbm-a-I-i-‡nbpw Cl-tem-I-
Po-hn-X-am-sW-∂-dn-bp-tºm-gmWv Cu temI-Øns‚ khn-ti-jX \mw
a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv. kp{]-[m-\-amb Ac-ßnse s]men-a°pw {]`m-h-
Øn\pw th≠ {Inbm-Xew CXm-Wv. Chn-sS-bp≈ PohnX Ne-\-ßsf
kkq£vaw hne-bn-cp-Øn-bmWv ]mc-{XnI Pohn-X-Øn-\p≈ ka¿lX
\n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿Øpw I¿a-\n-jvThpw kq£vahpw _mly-t{]-c-
W-Iƒ°v kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w kp`-{Z-hp-amb hni-I-e-
\hpw hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-am-Wn-hnsS \S-°p-I. Abthm B¿{Z-Xtbm
ImWn-°mØ \nc-¶p-i-amb hn[n{]Jym-]-\-a-hnsS \S-°pw. Zpcq-l-X-
Ifpw k¶o¿W-X-Ifpw Ahy-‡-X-I-fp-an-√mØ Ah-{I-amb kao-]-
\w. Cl-temI PohnX-Ønse I¿a-Im-fi-ß-fpsS kq£va {]Ir-X-
am-W-hnsS \ng-en-°p-I. Chn-sS a\p-jy-\p-b¿Øp∂ i_vZ-Øns‚
{]Xn-[z-\n-bm-W-hnsS tIƒ°pI.
""CltemI-Po-hn-Xhpw AXns‚ Ae-¶m-c-hp-amWv Bsc-¶nepw
Dt±- i n- ° p- ∂ - s X- ¶ n¬ Xß- f psS {]h¿Ø- \ - ^ - e - ß ƒ Cu temI-
Øph®v Ah¿°v \mw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah¿°v
AXn¬ \jvSw hcp-Øp-I-bn-√. F∂m¬ ]c-tem-IØv Ah¿°v \c-
I-a-√msX as‰m∂pw e`n-°pI-bn√ . Chn-sSh®v Ah¿ sNbvX-sX√mw
\njv^-e-am-bn-Øocpw. ChnsS Ah¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂-sX√mw kXy-Øn¬
\njv^-e-ambncp∂p.'' (11: 15-˛16)
""kpIrXw sNbvX-h¿°v Cl-tem-I-Øp-Xs∂ \√ {]Xn-^-e-ap-
≠v. ]c-tem-I-`-h\w DXvIr-jvS-am-b-Xp-am-Wv. `‡-cpsS hoSv F{X al-
Øcw!'' (16: 30)
Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-X-Ønse I¿a-{]-]-©-Øn-eq-∂n-bp≈ ]c-temI
hn[m-\-amWv Ckvem-an-I-Z¿i\w hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. Cl-Ønse
I¿a-^-e-a-\p-`-hn-°m≥ kwhn-[m\w sNø-s∏´ H∂mWv ]c-tem-Iw.
ssZh- a m¿K- Ø n¬ Ncn- ° p∂ kpIr- X n- I ƒ°v {]m]n- ° m- \ m- h p∂
kz¿Khpw ssZth-Xc ]Y-ß-fn-eqsS k©-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v e`n-°p∂
\c-Ihpw Jp¿-B-\n¬ h¿Wn-®n-´p-≠v. k¬°¿an-Iƒ°v Bth-i-Zm-
b-I-am-WXv; Zp¿hr-Ø¿°v Xm°o-Xpw. Ch c≠pw ChnsS Iptd-°qSn
\√ Pohn-X-Øn\v {]tNm-Z-I-ambn `hn-°p-∂p.
F¥n-\mWv Pohn-Xw, Fß-s\-bm-hWw PohnXw F∂-Xn-s\-°p-
dn-s®√mw a\p-jy\v Adnhv e`n-®n-´p-≠v. AXn\mbn thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw
{]t_m-[-\-ßfpw Ah-Xo¿W-ß-fm-bn-´p-≠v. kXym-kXy hnth-N-\-
76
tijn hf¿Øm≥ t]mcp∂ Hcp]mS-\p-`-h-ßƒ a\p-jys‚ ap∂n-ep-

≠v . hn[n- h n- e - ° p- I - f n- e qsS bm{Xm- ] Yw sXfn- ® p- I m- ´ n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v .
kmØms‚ i‡n-Iƒs°-Xnsc \nXy-Pm-{KX ]men-°m-\-\p-io-en-®n-
´p-ap-≠v. F∂n´pw Ah-sb√mw \n -t¶mNw \ncm-I-cn®pw e£y-t_m-
[- a pƒs°m- ≈ m- s Xbpw ]mc- { XnI Pohn- X - s Ø- ° p- d n®v Atijw
Hm¿°msXbpw \nb-{¥-W-ß-sfbpw Xm°o-Xp-I-sfbpw \ncm-I-cn®v
ùXn-I-Xsb IpØn-t®m¿Øn-°p-Sn®pw aZn®pw Ign-bp-∂-h¿°v e`n-
°m≥ t]mIp∂ Zp¿h-l-Zp-c-¥-ß-sf-°p-dn®v thZ-{KŸw hni-Zo-I-cn-
°p-∂p-≠v.
a\p-jy\v Np‰pw hiy-amb {]tem-`-\-ß-fpsS aµ-l-kn-°p∂ Hcm-
bncw h¿W- a p- J - ß - f p- ≠ v . \ΩpsS Zu¿_- e y- ß sf I≠- d n- ™ v ,
Ahsb sXm´p- W ¿Øn, Xo‰- s Im- S pØp hi- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b m- W v
kmØms‚ i‡n-Iƒ \Ωn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂-Xv. a\- ns\ taml-h-
e-bn¬ Ipcp°n {]oWn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah°v Ign-bp-∂p. ambm-tam-ln-X-
amb a\p-jy-a-\ v AkvX-ho-cy-am-hp-Ibpw {Ia-Øn¬ Xs‚ IS-a-
Ifpw hn`m- h - \ - I fpw ad- ° p- I bpw Pohn- t Xm- t ±iyw t]mepw
ssItamiwhcn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb Hcp {]]-©-am-Wv a\p-jy¿°mbn ssZh-an-
hnsS kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. Ic-bnepw IS-enepw, IsÆ-Øm-
hp∂ Af- h n¬ BIm- i - Ø n- e p- a mbn A\¥ sshNn- { Xy- ß - f mWv
ssZhw hnXm-\n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. sshNn-{Xy-am¿∂ \mZ-ßfpw cq]-ßfpw
kpJm-kzm-Zy-ß-fmb a‰-t\Iw {]Xn-`m-k-ßfpw \nc-∂p-\n-d-™n-´p-≠n-
hn-sS. Ch-°n-S-bn-emWv a\p-jys\ krjvSn®p \n¿Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Cu
a\wIh-cp∂ hn`-h-ßsf apgp-h≥ hmcn-°p-Sn®p aXn-a-d∂v aØv ]nSn-
°p-tºmƒ hn\-jvS-am-Ip∂ hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ ]eXpw a\p-jy-t\m¿°msX
t]mIp-∂p. aØv ]nSn® a\p-jy≥ Chn-S-amWv kz¿Kw, Chn-S-am-sW√mw
F∂v Icp-Xn-°-gn-bp∂ hn{àm-h-ÿ-tbm-f-sa-Øp-∂p.
a\pjys‚ I¿a-im-ebpw ]mc-{Xn-I-Po-hnXw \n¿W-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂
]co-£-Wm-e-b-hp-amWv Cu temIw˛ CXmWv Jp¿-Bs‚ kao-]-\w.
a\w ab-°p∂ \qdm-bncw {]tem-`-\-ß-fpsS \Sp-hn¬, D]-t`m-Km-h-k-
c-ß-f-\p-h-Zn-®v, hn[n-hn-e-°p-I-fpsS \nb-{¥-W-ß-f-dn-bn®v a\p-jys\
Cd-°n-\n¿Øn-bXv Xo¿Øp-samcp ]co-£-W-Øn-\m-Wv. F√m Xe-
ß-fnepw Ah≥ ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. {]I-S-\-Ønepw {]Jym-]-\-Øn-
ep-a-√, \njvI-]-S-amb hnizm-k-Ønepw XZ-\p-km-c-amb I¿am-\p-jvTm-
\-Øn-ep-amWv PohnXw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Im]-Sy-Øns‚ kao-
]-\w-sIm≠v kI-e-⁄-\mb ssZhsØ ]mń-em-°m-sa∂v Icp-Xp-
77
∂Xv auVy-am-Wv. kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-bm-sW∂v `mhn®v A]-cn-jvIr-

Xn- b psS Pmln- e nøm kwkvIm- c - h p- a m- b n- ° - g n- b p- ∂ - h sc
Xm°oXpsNbvXp-sIm-≠p≈ thZ-{KŸ hN- p-Iƒ {it≤-b-ß-fm-Wv.
""Rßƒ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂p' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw
Bfp-Isf ]co-£-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-cm-°msX hn´p-I-f-bp-sa∂v Ah¿
[cn-°p-∂pt≠m? Ch-cpsS ap≥Km-an-Isf \mw ]co-£n-°p-I-bp-≠m-
bn-´p-≠v. Aßs\ kXy-hm-∑m-cpsS kXysØ A√mlp shfn-s∏-Sp-
Øpw. Ak-Xy-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Ak-Xy-tØbpw.'' (29: 2, 3)
Zp¿hl ZpxJ-ßfpw Aan-Xm-Àm-Z-ßfpw hnf-bn-s®-Sp-°p∂ hnImc
Xo{h-X-bpsS kµ¿`-ßƒ a\x-kw-kvIr-Xn-bp-sSbpw hy‡n-hn-ip-≤n-
bp-sSbpw H∂mw-Xcw hntim-[\m aplq¿Ø-ß-fm-Wv. a\p-jy-\pƒs°m-
≈p∂ [m¿an-Im[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS A¥x-tim` A`n-Z¿in-°-s∏-Sp∂
78
A\¿L \nan-j-ß-fm-W-h. a\p-jy≥ kq£va-am-bn, kXy-ip-≤-ambn

]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ \n¿Wm-bI \nan-j-ßfpw Ah-X-s∂. kap-∂-Xm-
Z¿i-ß-fpsS At]m-kvX-e-∑m-cm-bn-°-gn-bp∂ ]e¿°pw Xßƒ F{X-
tØmfw Ah-sbms° kzmwio-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠∂pw Ah-tbm-sS√mw F{X-
tØmfw \oXn-]p-e¿Øn-t∏m-∂n-´p-s≠∂pw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-X-t∏m-gm-
Wv . kq£v a - ⁄ - \ mb ssZhw Xs‚ ssIbnse kXy- t im- [ n- \ n-
sIm≠v \sΩ Af-∂-dn-bp-∂-X-t∏m-gmWv.
""\nß- f n¬ BcmWv G‰hpw \∂mbn {]h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ - s X- ∂ v ,
\nßsf ]co-£n-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ac-Whpw Pohn-Xhpw krjvSn-
®-h-\s{X Ah≥.'' (67: 2)
""\nß-fn¬\n∂v A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ PnlmZvsNøp-∂-h-
scbpw ÿnc-Nn-Ø-cmb Bfp-I-sfbpw th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw \nß-
fpsS bYm¿Y \ne a\- n-em-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-hsc \mw \nßsf
]co-£n-°p-I-Xs∂ sNøpw.''(47: 31)
""Hmtcm Bflmhpw ac-WsØ cpNn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Xn∑sIm≠pw
\∑-sIm≠pw \mw \nßsf ]co-£n-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ASp-°-te-°p-
Xs∂ \nßsf Xncn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.'' (21: 35)
AXn-t`m-K-Øn-s‚bpw kpJ-tem-ep-]-X-bp-sSbpw hn]¬°-c-X-I-
sf-°p-dn®v thZ-{KŸw kqN\ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. anX-Xz-amWv {]Ir-Xn-
bpsS kwkvIm-cw. anX-amb D]-t`m-K-Øn-\p-th≠n F√mh¿°p-ambn
hnc-Nn-°s-∏-´-XmWv {]]© hkvXp-°-sf√mw. AXn-t`mKw Acp-Xm-
bvabpw A\o-Xn-bp-am-Wv. AXn-t`m-Kw-sIm≠v t`mPy-h-kvXp-°ƒ Ipd-
bp-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Ah-Im-iw˛ auen-Im-h-Imiw Xs∂˛ [zwkn-
°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ssZhn-I-amb Xmfw hnI-e-am-hp-Ibpw kpkz-cX \jvS-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXp-hgn Akzmÿyw Dbn-c-Wn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXv
\mSns\ \mi- Ø n- t e°v \bn- ° p- ∂ p. thZ- h - N \w {it≤bw: ""Hcp
79
cmPysØ Ahn-S-Øp-Im-cpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-Iƒ Imc-Ww \mw \in-∏n-

°m≥ Dt±-in-®m¬ Ahn-SsØ kpJ-tem-ep-]-∑msc ({]hm-N-I≥ aptJ-
\) \mw imkn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ AXn¬ Ah¿ [n°mcw {]h¿Øn-
°p-∂p. AtXmsS AXn-s\-Xn-cn¬ \ΩpsS in£-bpsS hN\w ]q¿Øn-
bm-hp-∂p. Aßs\ \mw AXns\ \nt»jw \in-∏n-®p-I-f-bp-∂p.'' (17:
16)
AXn-t`m-Khpw BUw-_-chpw hgn a\p-jy¿ A{I-an-Ifpw ]mX-
In-I-fp-am-bn-∏-cn-W-an-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-cpsS hn]¬°-c-amb hrØn-
I-tfXpw hn\miw hnf-bn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw thZ-{KŸw Xm°oXv sNøp-
∂p.
euInI Pohn-X-Øn¬ kº-Øns‚ ÿm\w aX-Z¿i-\-ß-sfm∂pw
\n m-c-ambn°≠n-ń-√. icn-bm-b, [m¿an-I-amb hgn-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ A¿Y
kºm-Z\w A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. AXns‚ hn\n-tbm-Khpw [¿a-am¿K-
Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-h-Ww. [\-]-c-amb Bbhyb-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p≈
kmam-\y-amb aX-ho-£-W-a-XmWv. "k¿th-Kp-Wm -Im-©-\-am-{ib¥n'
F∂Xv AXn-t`m-K-Xr-jvW-bpsS thZm-¥-am-Wv. [\w euInI Pohn-
X- Ø n- \ - \ n- h m- c y- a m- s W∂pw F∂m¬ PohnXw [\m¿P- \ - Ø n-
\p≈Xs√∂pw \mw [cn-°-Ww. AXn-t\-°mƒ DXvIr-jvS-amb as‰m-
∂ns‚ km£m¬°mc-amWv Pohn-X-Øns‚ hn`m-hn-X-e-£yw. Hc¿Y-
Øn¬ kº-Øp-t]mepw ChnsS ]c-Øn-bn-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv ]co-£-W-Øn-
\p-th-≠n-bm-Wv. kI-e-ku-`m-Ky-ß-fp-sSbpw ]c-am-[m-c-ambpw k¿h-
i-‡n-kz-cq-]-ambpw Du\-a-‰ -am-]n-\n-bmbpw Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ kº-Øns‚
ap∂n¬ a\p-jy≥ Fßs\ F∂-dn-bm-\p≈ ssZhn-I-]co£Ww. Cu
kXy-Øn-te°v Jp¿-B≥ hnc¬Nq≠p∂p:
""\nß-fpsS kºØpw k¥m-\-ßfpw ]co-£-tWm-]m-[n-Iƒ am{X-
am-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ ]°¬ Xs∂-bmWv al-Ømb {]Xn-^-e-ap-≈-
Xv.''(8: 28)
""... \ns‚ \mYs‚ ImcpWyw Ah¿ tiJ-cn-®p-sh-°p-∂-Xn-t\-
°mƒ G‰hpw DØ-a-am-Ip-∂p.'' (43: 32)
C∆n[w [\-s∏-cp-a-bpsS ap∂n¬ ssZh-{]o-Xn-bpsS {]mapJyw Jp¿-
B≥ t_m[y- s ∏- S p- Ø p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n. ]W- s ∏- c p- a - s Im≠v a\x- t im`
ssIsh-Sn-™-hsc Nq≠n Jp¿-B≥ \¬Ip∂ Xm°oXv Kuc-h-an-b∂-
XmWv .
""Xm≥ kzbw]cym-]vX-\m-sW∂v hnNm-cn-®-Xp -Im-cWw a\p-jy≥
AXn-{Iaw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. \ns‚ \mY-\n-te-°p-X-s∂-bmWv aS°w
80
F∂ Imcyw ad-°-cp-Xv.'' (96: 6˛8)

Ah-K-Wn-°m-\m-hmØ temIm-\p-`-h-ßƒ \ncØn thZ-{KŸw Cu
A\-izcm-i-bsØ ka¿Yn-®n-´p≠v: ""Jmdq≥ aqkm-bpsS P\-X-bn¬
s]´- h - \ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ]t£, Ah≥ Ah- c psSta¬ AXn- { Iaw
{]h¿Øn®p. \mw Ah\v [mcmfw [\-\n-t£-]-ßƒ \¬In-bn-cp-∂p.
AXns‚ Xmt°m¬°q´w Xs∂ Icp-Ø-cmb Hcp kwLw Bfp-Iƒ°v
I\Ø `mc-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahs‚ P\w Ah-t\mSv ]d™ Ah-kcw
(Hm¿°p-I): "\o s]mß®w ImWn-°-cp-Xv. Xo¿®-bmbpw s]mß®w
ImWn°p∂-hsc A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.''(28: 76)
ssZh- { ]o- X n- s Im≠v ssIh- c p∂ \nXym- \ - µ - Ø ns‚ ]ca ]Zw
ChnsS °mWp∂ ùXn- I - s ∏- c p- a - I - s f°mƒ A\- h - Z y- a m- s W∂pw
£WnIamb ùXnI kpJ-ß-fpsS ]f-]-f-∏p-I-fn¬ {]tem-`n-X-cm-
hm-sX, thZ-{KŸw hgn\bn-°p∂ [¿a-]-YsØ am{Xw ic-W-am°pI
F∂ DZvt_m-[-\-amWv Jp¿-B≥ a\p-jy-cm-in°v kΩm-\n-°p-∂-Xv.
kXym-h-ew-_n-bmb aXw
a\p-jy≥ hnti-j-_p-≤n-bp-≈-h-\mWv.
AXp-sIm≠v Imc-W-a-t\z-jn-°¬
Ahs‚ kl-P-`m-h-am-Wv.
Ah≥ ImcWw tXSn-t∏m-Ip-tºmƒ
Hmtcm L´-Ønepw ImcWw Is≠Øn
F∂ tXm∂-ep-≠m-Ip-∂p.
_p≤n Ahs\ DW¿Øp∂p:
Xo¿∂n-√, CXn∂psamcp ImcWw ImWpw F∂v
At\z-jWw XpS-cp-∂p, Ahn-cm-aw.
Is≠Øn F∂ tXm∂-ep-Ifpw
Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
_p≤n, kq£va ]cy-th-j-W-Øn¬
Is≠-Ønb Imc-W-Øn\pw ]nd-In¬
as‰mcp henb Imc-W-ap-s≠∂v
a\p-jys\ sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p
I≠-sXm-∂p-a√ Imc-W-sa∂pw
Imcy-amb ImcWw
81
Is≠-Øm-\n-cn-°p-t∂-bp-≈q-sh-∂p-ap≈
B¥cnI t_m[y-amWv
Ahs‚ bm{Xsb Ahn-cm-a-ambn
\bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv
kXy-{K-l-W-]n-]m-kp-hmb a\p-jy≥
"CX-√, CX√' F∂v au\-ambn
a{¥n-®p-sIm≠v apt∂m´p \oßp-∂p.
kXy-sa-¶nepw At⁄-bhpw
Ahy-‡-hp-amb Ft¥m GtXm
H∂n-s\-tØ-Sn-bp≈
A\-¥-amb bm{X.
a\p-jy\v Np‰p-ap-≈-sX√mw
B H∂ns‚ {]Xn-`m-k-ß-fm-Wv,
ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm-Wv-˛-sX-fn-hp-I-fm-Wv.
Ah \ap°v Adn-bm-hp-∂-h-bmWv
A`n-K-ay-ß-fp-amWv.
C{µn-b-th-Zy-ß-fm-b,
a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jvI-Øn\v {]m]y-ß-fmb
Ah-sb-√mw, ]c-a-Im-c-W-amb
B H∂ns‚ sXfn-hp-Ifpw
ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fp-am-sW-¶n¬
B H∂v \nXyhpw kXyhpw
]c-ahpw ]Zm¿Ym-Xo-Xhpw
Xmc-X-tay-\ A¬]-Xz-a-Wn-™p-\n¬°p∂
a\p-jy-tN-X-\°v A{]m-]y-hp-a-s{X.
B A]m-c-X-sb, A\-¥-X-sb˛
°pdn®v A[n-I-sam-∂p-a-dn-bn-s√-¶nepw
AXns‚ AkvXnXzw
X∂nse Bflmw-iw-t]mse
Hcp hnNm-c-Po-hn°v
kXyhpw A`n-hy-‡-hp-a-s{X.
kXyhpw kI-em-h-ew-_n-bp-amb
B alm-hn-kva-b-amWv A√m-lp.
CXp-t]mse F∂v
]d-bm-s\m-°m-Ø-hn[w Ak-Zr-ihpw
C{X-bm-sW-∂-\p-am-\n-°m≥
Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w hnimehpw
82
A{]m-]y-sa-∂p-d-∏n-°m≥
Ign-bp-amdv AKm-[-hp-amWv
B hnkvab {]Xn-`m-kw.
ssI°-pS-∂-sIm-≠v IS¬sh-≈˛
af-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-t]mse
B hnkva-b-{]-Xn-`m-k-apƒs°m-≈m≥
a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v km[y-a-√.
B hn{ipX hnkva-b-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬
\n∂p-sIm≠v hn{`m-¥-a-\- mb
Ihnbpw Zm¿i-\n-I\pw
AXm-Wn-Xm-sW∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ
AsX√mw A√mlpsh°p-dn-®m-sW∂pw
F∂m¬ AX√ A√m-lp-sh∂pw
\madn-bp-I. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw
Xm]am-]n-\n-I-fn¬s°m≈p-∂Xv
Ah¿ Nq≠n-°m-ń. F∂m¬
AXn\p-a-∏p-dØv \nd™p hgn-™p-\n¬°p∂
Bbncw kqcy-tX-P- p-Isf
A[x-I-cn®p \n¬°p∂
{]Im-i-]q-c-am-W-Xv.
aX-Øns‚ tI{µ-_nµp
alm-k-Xy-amb ssZh-am-sW-¶nepw
aXw hnizm-km-h-ew-_n-bm-Wv.
H´pan° aX-ßfpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS
Nn¥m-i-‡nsb ac-hn-∏n-°m-\pw
h‘yw-I-cn-°m\pw {ian-®p-sIm≠v
A®-S-°hpw A\p-k-c-W-hp-ap≈
A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS A‘-k-aq-lsØ
kt_m[w krjvSn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
{]tbm-K-cw-K-sØ¶nepw
hnZy hne-°nb aX-ß-fp≠v;
kzX{¥Nn¥ Cuiz-c-\n-tj-[-Øn-te°v
A\p-bm-bn-Isf \bn-t®-°p-sa∂v
`b∂ aX-X-e-ß-fp-≠v.
"\ns‚ a\x-km-£n-b-√, \n\-°-h-ew_w
Kpcp-ap-J-Øp-\n-∂p-b-cp∂
83
hm°p-I-fmWv' F∂-dn-bn®
aX-ß-fp-ap-≠v.
aXßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS
kzcw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.
A\p-k-cn-°m\pw A\p-h¿Øn-°m\pw
A\p-im-kn-®p-sIm≠v aXm[ym-]\w
\n¿h-ln-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ Jp¿-B≥.
a\p-jy\v Np‰p-ap≈ {]Xn-`m-k-ß-sf√mw
ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm-sW∂pw
Ahsb k\n-jvI¿jw hni-I-e\w sNbvXv
apt∂m´p \oßp-tºmƒ
A√m-lp-hns‚ AkvXnXzw
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw Ahs‚
Kpcp-Xzhpw Xs‚ eLp-Xzhpw
AhnsS Adn-bp-sa∂pw
Adn-hn-s\m-Øp-W-cp∂ a\ v
Ahs‚ ap-∂n¬ kzbw
ka¿∏n-X-am-hp-sa∂pw
thZ-{K-Ÿ-apZvtLm-jn-°p∂p.
a\pjym, \o Nn¥n-°pI F∂v
]e-h-´-am-h¿Øn-®-\p-kva-cn∏n-°p∂
Jp¿-B≥, Nn¥°pw
Nn¥ ssIh-cn-°p∂ t_m[y-Øn\pw
t_m[y-Øns‚ {Inbm-cq-]-amb
ka¿∏-W-Øn\pw \sΩ {]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p.
kzX-{¥-Nn-¥m-tijn hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m˛
\mlzm\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬
kph¿Wtim-` -]-c-Øn -hn-cm-Pn-°p∂
Nne kq‡-ß-fp≠v:
84
""F∂m¬ Ah¿ H´-I-ß-fn-te°v

t\m°p-∂nt√? Fß-s\-bm-WXv
krjvSn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈Xv? BIm-i-Øn-te°pw
(A-h¿ t\m°p-∂nt√?) AsX-ß-s\-bmWv
Db¿Ø-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?
]¿h-X-ß-fn-te-°pw
AsX-ß-s\-bmWv \mń-\n¿Ø-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?
`qan-bn-te-°pw
AsX-ß-s\-bmWv hnim-e-am-°s∏ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?'' (88: 17-˛20)
Nn¥n-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw
a‰mscsb¶n-ep-ta¬]n®v
A\p-k-cn-°m≥ am{X-a-dn-bp∂
ASn-a-kaq-l-ß-fnse Hcp ac-hn®
a\- mbn A\p-bm-bnsb
hm¿sØ-Sp-°m≥ Ckvemw B{K-ln-®n-√.
hmb-\-°p≈ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hne-°nbpw
Adn-hns‚ hmXm-b-\-ßƒ sImń-b-S®pw
Xo{hm-‘-Im-c-Øn-e-Sn-™p-Iq-Sp∂
PUn-I-k-aq-l-sØ-b√ Ckvemw kz]v\w I≠Xv.
Bdm-bn-c-Øn¬]cw kq‡ßƒ
Hgp-In-\n-d™ Jp¿-B-\n¬
BZy-h-N-\-ambhXo¿W-am-bXv:
""{kjvSm-hmb \ns‚ \mYs‚
\ma-Øn¬ hmbn-°pI;
Hń-∏n-Sn-®Xn¬\n∂v
Ah≥ a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®n-cn-°p∂p'' (96: 1˛2)
F∂-X-s{X.
hmbn-°m\pw hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw
Adn-bm\pw A\p-h¿Øn-°m\pw
AXm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ,
Xs∂-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hmWv {]mY-an-I-sa∂pw
⁄m\-hn-⁄m-\-ß-fpsS {]`-hw-Xs∂
B-fl-⁄m-\-am-sW∂pw AX-\p-kva-cn-∏n-°pIbmWv.
tl a\p-jym, \ns‚ AkvXnXzØn\v
ImcWw {kjvSm-hm-sW∂pw
kIe Imc-I\pw kI-em-[n-\m-Y-\p-amb
{kjvSm-hm-sW∂ alm- kXyw
85
Imc-W-ßƒ°-Xo-X-am-sW∂pw \o Adn-bp-I.
B ]c-a-⁄m-\-Øn¬ Ah-ew-_n-X-amWv
as‰√m Adn-hp-Ifpw F∂ kXyw
{]Im-cm-¥-tcW B kq‡w
\sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
Nn¥n-°pI:
\n\°v Np‰p-ap≈ ZrjvSm-¥-ßsf
Ah-ew-_-am°n Nn¥n-°pI;
ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Xz-sa∂
alm- k-Xy-]-Y-Øn-te°v \o sNs∂Øpw
ktµl-te-i-a-Xn-\n-√.
bp‡n-`-{Zhpw \nXy-`m-kp-c-hp-am-Wm- k-Xyw.
AXns‚ {]Im-i-I-amWv Ckvemw.
AXv kXym-h-ew-_n-bm-Wv. AXns‚
\nXy-{]-Im-i-I-hpw.
Fs‚ k∂n-[n-b-W-bpI
A\-¥-tImSn Poh-cm-in-I-fpsS
Bhm-k-cw-K-amWv {]]©w.
{]]-©-am-sW-¶n¬ ssZh-Øns‚
sshNn-{Xy-am¿∂ hnem-k-c-N-\-I-fn¬ H∂p-am{Xw!
"A\-¥hpw A⁄m-Xhpw Ah¿W-\ob'hpamb
Cu temI-tKm-f-Øns‚ GtXm Hcp aqe-bn-en-cp∂v
Xs‚ DÆn-°-Æp-IƒsIm≠v
AXn¬s°m-≈m-hp∂ Af-hn¬
t\m°n hnkvabwsIm≈p∂
Hcp sNdnb Poh-in¬]-amWv a\p-jy≥.
kl-Xm-]m¿l-amb Cu sIm®p Pohn-bn-eqsS
ssZh-sØ-b-dn-bm≥ {ian®
Fs‚ at\m-hrØn tIhew ]cn-lm-kyw.
Rm≥ ]n¥n-cn-™n-√.
a\p-jys\ a\- n-em-°m-s\m-Øm¬
ssZhsØ Iptd-sbms° ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥
Ign-t™-°p-sa∂ Hcp tXm∂-ep-≠m-bn.
86
ssZh-Øn-s‚, `qX-e-Ønse {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv

a\p-jy-s\∂ aX-]mTw Rmt\m¿Øp.
ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n[n
a‰p Pohn-Iƒs°m∏w t]mcm.
tIhew \n m-c\pw kmam-\y-\p-am-bn-°q-Sm.
hnizm-kn-Iƒ Icp-Xp-∂Xv
Ah∂v th≠n-bmWv ssZhw
`qX-e-sam-cp-°n-bXv F∂m-Wv.
ImSpw- taSpw Bdpw ]pgbpw
shbnepw agbpw ˛N-cm-N-c-ß-f-Jn-ehpw
ChnsS hn[m\w sNø-s∏-´Xv
Ahs‚ A[n-hm-k-Øn\pw
kpJm-kzm-Z-\-Øn-\p-as{X.
Fs‚ hgn -i-cn-bm-sW∂pw
Fs‚ {iaw k^-e-am-Ip-sa∂pw F\n-°p -tXm-∂n.
ssZh-sØ-b-dn-bpI kpkm-[y-a-s√-¶nepw
ssZh-[m-c-W-bp-≠m-°m-\m-{i-bn-°m-hp∂
Hcp am¿Kw-˛-Htcsbmcp am¿Kw˛a\p-jy-s\-b-dn-bpI
F∂-Xm-sW∂pw Iptd-°qSn t_m[y-am-bn.
IS-ep-gp-X-h\pw BIm-i-Øn¬ ]d-∂-h\pw
\£-{X-K-W-ß-fp-ambn kl-h-kn-°m≥ {ian-®-h\pw
Fs∂-b-dn-bn-®Xv ssZh-sØ-b-dn-bm≥
B hgn-°mWv {ian-t°-≠-sX-∂m-Wv.
\ntj-[n-°m≥ Ign-™n√; \ncm-I-cn-°m-s\m-Øn-√.
a\p-jy-\n-eq-∂n-Øs∂ Rm\p-d-®p-\n∂p,
Hcp ip`-{]-Xo-£-I-s\-t∏mse.
ssZh-Øns‚ I¿a-{]-]-©-Øn¬ tIh-e-samcp
kq£va-tc-Wp-hmWv a\p-jy≥ F∂
\mem-∏ms´ tat\ms‚ hm°p-Ifpw
_u≤n-I-hn-Im-k-Øns‚ A[n-Xy-X-bn-eq-∂nb
B[p-\nI a\- n\v t]mepw
]nSn-In-´m-Ø-h-\mWv a\p-jy-s\∂
Ae-Ivknkv Imtd-ens‚ hN-\-ßfpw
a\p-jy≥-˛-F{X kpµ-c-amb ]Zw F∂
amIvknw tKm¿°n-bpsS Bkzm-Z-\hpw
hc-kn-≤n-Iƒ kq£n-°-s∏´ \n[nIpw`-amWv
87
a\p-jy≥ F∂ hmkzm-\n-bpsS hcn-jvtSm-‡n-Ifpw

a\p-jy-s\-b-dn-bp-I, B hnin-jvS-⁄m\w
ssZh-Øn-te°v hgn-\-bn°pw F∂
hnth-Im-\-µ-hm-Wnbpw
ssZh-sØ-b-dn-bm≥
a\p-jy-t\mfw t]m∂ am[y-a-an√ F∂
Fs‚ [mc-W°v \ndhpw Xndhpw ]I¿∂p.
Rm≥ Fs‚ hgn-bn-eqsS apt∂m´p \oßn.
hnkva-b-ß-fpsS alm-ta-cp-hm-sW∂pw
cl-ky-ß-fpsS \n[n-Ipw-`-am-sW∂pw
aÆnse {]Pm-]-Xn-bm-sW-∂p-ap≈ t_m[y-tØmsS
Rm≥ \S∂p, {]Xym-im-]q¿hw.
Bd-Sn-bn-te-sd-bn-√mØ B Db-c-Øn-\-IØv
hnkva-b-ß-fpsS ambq-c-]nRvOw
Bbncw IÆp-Iƒ hnSp¿Øn-bm-Sp-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠p.
Fs‚ Xqin-°-Æp-Iƒ Ahs‚
N¿a-h-e-bsØ Xpf-®n-dßn
Ahs‚ ico-c-Ønse c‡-[-a-\n-Iƒ
88
Fs‚ IÆp-Isf hnkva-bn-∏n-®p.

Ah-bpsS BsI \ofw e£-Øn-tesd
Intem-ao-‰-dm-Ws{X!
khn-kvabw Fs‚ IÆp-Ifpw a\ pw
Ahs‚ ico-c-Øn-eqsS ]m™p-\-S-∂p.
A\p-thew \n¿ho-cy-am-°-s∏-Sp∂
tImi-ßsf \o°wsNøp-hm-\mbn
B icocw {]Xn-\n-anjw Ccp-]Xv e£w
Nph∂ c‡m-Wp-°sf krjvSn-°pw-t]mepw!
]Øn-sem∂v hmƒt´Pv hoXw
Id‚p¬]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ ]{¥≠v tImSn
\mUo-tIm-i-ßƒ Ahs‚ Xe-t®-mdn-ep-≠s{X!
a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jvI-Øn\v Xpey-amb Hcp b{¥w
\n¿an-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, AXv ÿm]n-°m≥
temI-Øn-en-∂p≈ G‰hpw henb
sIńSw thW-as{X!
akvXn-jvI-sa∂ hn{ip-X -b{¥w {]h¿Øn-∏n-°m≥
G‰hpw henb Pe-]m-X-Øn¬\n∂v e`n-°p∂
apgp-h≥ sshZyp-Xn-bp-]-tbm-Kn-®mepw
aXn-h-cn-√s{X!
Z¿i\i-‡n°v tlXp-hmbn
13 tImSn tdmUvkpw(Rods) 75 e£w
tIm\-kpw(Cones) Ahs‚ IÆn-ep-≠s{X!
Ah-bm-Is´ aq∂v e£w \mUo-X-¥p-°-fn¬
Xe-t®m-dp-ambn kp_-‘n-X-as{X!
Ahs‚ IÆns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ
bm-{¥n-I-ambn ]I¿Øn°m-´p-hm≥
c≠p e£Øn Aº-Xn-\m-bncw sSen-hn-j≥
sk‰p-Iƒ th≠n-h-cp-as{X!
89
Hcp ]nbmt\m Iot_m¿Un¬

88 IoI-fp-s≠-¶n¬ AXy¥-k-¶o¿W-amb
a\p-jy-I¿W-Øn¬ 15000 IoI-fp-≠s{X!
Hcp-hs‚ s]cp-hn-c-e-S-bm-f-Øn\v
kZr-i-amb s]cp-hn-c-e-S-bmfw
as‰m-cm-fn¬ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√s{X!
AIw-sIm-≠m-bmepw ]pdw-sIm-≠m-bmepw
Hcp-h-s\-t∏mse as‰m-cp-h-\n-√.
"DÆn-bpsS Ducv t\m°n
C√-Øns‚ Du°-dnbmw' F∂ sNm√vt]mse
a\p-jys\ t\m°n, a\p-jys\ krjvSn®
ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v
GI-tZ-i-[m-c-W-bp-≠m-°m-\m-Ipw, Xo¿®.
ssZh-Øns‚ emfn-Xy-tam-ep∂
Ic-hn-cp-XmWv a\p-jy-s\-¶n¬
At⁄-b-ß-fmb alm-hn-kva-b-ß-fpsS
hnf`qhmWv a\p-jy-s\-¶n¬
a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®n-d-°nb
ssZh-Øns‚ i‡nkm[y-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v
F\n°v hn`m-h\sNøm≥ Ign-bpw˛
hn`m-h\ sNøm≥ am{Xw.
Fs‚ hn`m-h-\-bn¬ \ng-en-´p-\n¬°p∂
Ahm-Nyhpw Ahym-tJy-b-hp-amb
B i‡n-{]-l¿j-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬
Rm≥ \an-°p-∂p, khn-\bw k{]-{i-bw.
IÆp-Iƒ \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ Zriy-hn-kvabw
ImXp-Iƒ hgn-™p-\n¬°p∂ im_vZn-Im-Xn-ibw
a\- ns‚ alm-Im-i-Øn¬t]m-ep-sam-Xp-ßmØ
{]mXn-`m-kn-I -a-lm-¤pXw!
Akm-[m-c-Whpw AXn-tem-e-hp-amb
Hcp i_vZ-[mc Fs‚ ImXp-I-fn-sem-gp-In-sbØn:
""F¶nepw a\p-jym, ]c-tImSn Pohn-I-fn¬
Ft∂m-S-Sp-Øp-\n¬°p-∂-h≥ \o Xs∂.
\msf Fs‚ k∂n[n ]qtI-≠-h\pw \o Xs∂.
\nXym-\µw \nd-I-Xn¿ sNmcn-bp∂
90
\nc-Xn-i-b-amb Cu ]hn{X thZn-bn-te°v

AkvX-a-b-a-dn-bm-Ø- Hcp imiz-X-Po-hn-X-Øn-te°v
\o hs∂-Ø-Ww; Fs∂-b-dn-bm\pw
Fs‚ hgn-b-dn-bn-°m\pw
Rms\mcp ItøSv sImSp-Øp-hn-ń-´p≠v
Hcp hniz-kvX-\n-eqsS
\nßfn-semcph\m-W-t±lw˛
F√mw Fs‚ kz¥w hm°p-I-fn¬X-s∂.
AI-se\n∂v _p≤n-sIm-≠-f-°m-s\m-cp-ßp-tºmƒ
\n\°v Rm≥ "A\-¥hpw A⁄m-Xhpw
Ah¿W-\o-b-hp-amWv.'
F∂m¬ \o Fs‚bSp-sØ-Øp∂
AXy-\L-amb B awKf aplq¿Ø-Øn¬
\n\°v Rm≥ A\-L-amb
Hcm-flo-bm-\p-`q-Xn-bmbn∏cn-W-an-°p-∂p.
Fs∂-b-dn-bm≥ {ian-°p-I, Fs‚ k∂n-[n-b-W-bp-I.''
]q¿W-X-bn-te°v
aX-ß-sf√mw ssZh-Øns‚ AkvXnXzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. {]]-©-
Øn\v Hcp {kjvSm-hp-s≠∂v F√m {]hm-N-I∑mcpw temIsØ Adn-
bn-®n-´p-ap≠v.
hnizm-k-Øn\v a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ {]mb-ap-≠v. hnizm-k-Øn-\\p-
tcm-[-ambn \ntj-[hpw ]nd-∂n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Hcn-°epw hnizm-kn-I-
fp-tS-Xp-t]mse \ntj-[n-I-fpsS am{X-amb Hcp P\-]-Z-ap-≠m-bn-ń-√.
\ntj[w sshb‡n-I-ambncp∂p F∂¿Yw.
{]mNo\ `mc-X-Øn¬Xs∂ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ \nc-h[n \ntj-[n-I-fp-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. I]n-e≥, kmwJy≥, IWm-Z≥, bm⁄-h¬Iy≥, ZØm-
t{X-b≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ A°q-´-Øn-emWv. ]Xn-s\-´v-˛-]-sØm-ºXv \q‰m-
≠p- I fn¬ bqtdm- ∏ n- e p- ≠ mb Ne- \ - ß ƒ {it≤- b - ß - f m- b n- c p- ∂ p.
{InkvXo-b aXhpw AXn-thKw hnIm-k-hr-≤n-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn-s°m-
≠n-cp∂ imkv{Xhpw XΩn-ep-≠mb kwL¿jw Ncn-{XsØ Gsd
kzm[o-\n®Xm-bn ImWmw. Cu AI¬®sb \ntj-[n-Iƒ \∂mbn
{]tbm- P - \ - s ∏- S pØp- I - b p- ≠ m- b n. imkv { X- Ø ns‚ ]n¥p- W - t bm- s S-
91
bmWv ]n¬°m-eØv \ntj-[hmZw AYhm A\m-fl-hmZw cwK-Øp-h-

∂-Xv.
hnizmkw hnizm-knsb kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw Hcm-izm-k-am-Wv.
Bizm-k-sa-∂Xv Hc-\p-`-h-hpw. A\p-`-h-ßsf \ncm-I-cn-°m≥ B¿°pw
km[y-a-√. A{X-bp-amWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ bp‡n-]-c-X. ""Cuiz-c-s\-
s∂m- ∂ n- s √- ¶ n¬ a\pjy Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ kzÿ- X °pw `{Z- X - ° pw-
th≠n Hco-iz-cs\ \mw krjvSn-t°-≠n-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p'' F∂p-t]mepw
Nn¥n® hnizm-kn-Iƒ Chn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
ssZh- h n- i zmkw Hcp Z¿i- \ - s a∂ coXn- b n¬ Xs∂ Ckv e mw
kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ `mh-am-Wv. Ckvemw GI-ssZ-hØ -- n¬
hniz-kn-°p∂p. Ckvemw ]nd∂ Atd-_ym-`q-Jfiw ]c-º-cbm ssZh-
hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS {]tZ-i-am-bn-cp-∂p. At\I ssZh-ßsf Ahcmcm-[n-
®p-t]m-∂p. ""_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS t]cn¬ Atd-_ybn¬ \S∂
sshIr-X-ßfpw a\p-tjym-Nn-X-a-√mØ lo\-hr-Øn-Ifpw Ah¿Wy-
am-bn-cp-∂p'' F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-≠v.
{]hm- N - I - \ n- e qsS sXfn- ™ p- h ∂ Ckv e mw CXns\ Fßs\
t\cn´p F∂-t\z-jn-°p-∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. Hcp {]Xn-jvTnX hnizm-
k-Øns‚ ewL\w inem-t`-Z\w t]mse {iam-h-l-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v
hnNm-c-a-Xn-Iƒ°dn-bmw. F∂m¬ CkvemwaXw CXv \n¿h-ln-®Xv
A\m-bm-k-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]d-™p-Iq-sS-¶nepw ]pXn-sbmcp am¿Kw
Ah-ew-_n-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ km[p-Xsb
tNmZywsNøpI F∂ coXn am‰n GI-ssZ-h-Xz-Øns‚ ka¿Y-\-Øn-
eq-sS-bmWv Ckvemw kaq-l-a-\- ns\ kzm[o-\n-®-Xv. AXp-hgn {]hm-
N-I≥ ]pXnb Z¿i-\-Øns‚ {]Xn-jvTm-]-\-amWv P\-a-\- p-I-fn¬
\n¿h-ln-®-Xv. ""Ah∂v Xpey-amb bmsXmcp hkvXp-hp-an√''(112: 4)
F∂v temIw \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ ktN-X-\-ß-fmb ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ
\ncØn ka¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠mWv {]hm-N-I≥ apt∂m´p \oßn-b-Xv. Bi-
b-°p-g-∏-ß-fpsS Ccp≠ CS-\m-gn-bn-eqsS Ib-dn-bn-d-ßn-t∏mb a\p-
jysc "CX√ CX√' F∂v t_m[y-s∏-SpØn kwi-b-t—-Zn-bmw-hn[w
{]hm-N-I≥ Cßs\ ]d™p: ""Ah∂v Xpey-ambn bmsXm-∂p-an-√.''
kmZriyw I¬]n-°p-tºmƒ _lp-Xz-Z¿i-\-Øn\v {]k-‡n-bn-√. AXp-
ey-am-Wv, Ak-Zr-i-amWv F∂v Jfin-X-am-bn-∏-d-bp-tºmƒ "GI-ta-
hm-Zzn-Xnbw {_“w' ZrV-cq-V-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bm-Wv. Ah≥ A\m-Zy\pw
A\- ¥ y- \ p- a m- s W∂pw Ah≥ _mlyhpw B`y- ¥ - c - h p- a m- s W∂pw
Ah≥ kzbw`qhm-sW∂pw Jp¿-B≥ {]Jym-]n-°p-tºmƒ ssZh-{]-
Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kXy-ip-≤-amb kmam-\y-t_m[w \Ωn-e-¶p-cn-°p-
92
∂p.
Ah∂v amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw `mcybpw k¥m-\-ß-fp-ap-s≠∂v ]d-bp-
tºmƒ Ah≥ Ahs‚ krjv S n- b mb a\p- j ys\t∏mse- Ø s∂
Fs∂mcp hnI-e-t_m[w \Ωn-ep-≠m-Ipw. P¥p-k-l-P-amb hnIm-c-
ßfpw A\p-`q-Xn-Ifpw Ah-\n-em-tcm-]n-°p-tºmƒ ssZhtØmSv \mw
\oXn-Im-Wn-°p-∂n√ F∂m-Wv Jp¿-Bs‚ ]£w. AXn-\m¬ XmZr-
i-ß-fmb kIe ]cm-a¿i-ß-tfmSpw Jp¿-B≥ hn{]-Xn-]Øn ImWn-
°p-∂p.
""Dd-°tam ab-°tam Ahs\ _m[n-°p-∂ns√''∂pw ""BIm-i-`q-
an-I-fn-ep-≈-sX√mw Ahs‚ A[o-\-Øn-emsW''∂pw ""Ahs‚ A\p-
aXn IqSmsX Ah- ¶ ¬ in]m¿i ka¿∏n- ° m≥ B¿°pw km[y-
as√''∂pw ""Ahs‚ knwlm- k \w BI- m i- ` q- a n- I sf Nqgv - ∂ n- c n-
°p∂p''sh∂pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Ah≥ AXyp-∂-X\pw Ak-Zr-
i\pw AJn-em-cm-[y-\p-am-sW∂v t_m[y-am-Ip-∂p.
AJn-em-cm-[y-\mb ssZhw GI-\m-sW∂pw Ahs‚ krjvSn-bmWv
{]]-©-sa∂pw Jp¿-B≥ ka¿Yn-°p-∂p. {kjvSm-hns‚ ssI{In-b-
bmWv {]]©w F∂-Xp-sIm≠v {]]-©-Øn\v ÿmbo-`m-h-an-√.
ssZh-Øns‚ aln-am-hp-I-f-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahsb hcn-jvS-am-Xr-I-I-
fm°n A\p-[m-h\w sNøm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cn¬ ssZhw
ImcpWyw h¿jn-°p-sa∂ Jp¿-B-\nI kqN\ A¿Y-h-Øm-Wv.
""ssZh-{]oXn Imw£n-°p-∂-hsc kam-[m-\-Øns‚ ]mX-bn-te°pw
k∑m-¿KØn-te°pw A√mlp hgn-Im-Wn-°pw''(5: 16) F∂ kq‡w
AXmWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
km∂n- [ y- Ø ns‚ A]- c n- t a- b - a mb Xo{h- X - s Im- ≠ mWv ssZhw
\ΩpsS IÆn\v AtKm-N-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. AI¬®-bpsS A[n-I-X-
bnepw hkvXp ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-am-bn-Øo-cm-dn-√. (ap-´p-kq-Nn-sb-SpØv
IÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-°-SpØp ]nSn-°p-tºmƒ AXv AZr-iy-am-bn-cn-
°p-∂p. ]d-∂-I-ep∂ hnam\w sNdp-Xm-bn-s®-dp-Xmbn ]ns∂ ]q¿W-
ambpw A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-∂Xv AI¬®-bpsS B[n-Iyw-sIm-≠m-Wv.)
""Ing°pw ]Sn-™mdpw A√m-lp-hn-t‚-XmWv. \nßƒ Fhn-tS°v
Xncn-™mepw AhnsS A√m-lp-hns‚ apJ-ap-≠v''(2: 15), ""Ah≥ F√m
hkvXp-°-sfbpw hebwsNbvXn-cn°p∂p'' (41: 54), ""Ah≥ AXn-hn-
im-e-\mWv'' (2: 115), ""\nßƒ Fhn-sSbmbn-cp-∂mepw Ah≥ \nß-
fpsS IqsS-bp≠v''(57: 4) F∂o Jp¿-B-\nI kq‡-ßƒ hmbn-°p-
tºmƒ Ah≥ k¿h- s Øbpw Nqgv ∂ p\n¬°p- ∂ - h - \ m- s W- ∂ mWv
93 -fnse kl-{k-\m-a-ßƒ t]mse
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. sslµ-h-{K-Ÿ-ß
Jp¿-B-\n¬ A¿Y-hm-Nn-bmb At\Iw \mam-¥-c-ß-fp-≠v.

""Ah≥ Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bm-Wv, ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mWv.'' (1: 2)
""k¿h-i-‡-\mWv.'' (2: 20)
""k¿h-⁄-\mWv.'' (2: 282)
""F√mw ImWp-∂-h\pw tIƒ°p-∂-h-\p-amWv.'' (4: 58)
""kq£va-⁄-\mWv.'' (6: 103)
""]cm-{i-b-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv.'' (27: 40)
""k¿h-scbpw AXn-P-bn-°p-∂-h-\mWv.'' (40: 2)
""kl-\-io-e-\mWv.'' (85: 51)
""sX‰p-Iƒ s]mdp-°p-∂-h-\mWv.'' (40: 3)
""£am-\n-[n-bmWv.'' (4: 43)
""\oXn-\n-jvT-\mWv.'' (3: 18)
""A\oXn Im´m-Ø-h-\mWv.'' (4: 124)
""`b-c-£-I-\mWv.'' (65: 3)
""{]Im-i-Øn-te°v hgn\bn-°p-∂-h-\mWv.'' (5: 16)
""kpIr-X-_m-‘-h-\mWv.'' (2: 222)
""DZm-c-io-e-\mWv.'' (27: 40)
""kXy-k-‘-\mWv.'' (33:4)
""cmPm-[n-cm-P-\mWv.'' (3: 26)
""AJn-e-\n-b-¥m-hmWv.'' (2: 255)
94
""{]]-©-c-£-I-\mWv.'' (6: 164)

""A∂-Zm-Xm-hmWv.'' (2: 212)
""kI-e-⁄-\mWv.'' (6: 3)
""\ymbm-[n-]-\mWv.'' (5: 1)
taep- ≤ - c n® hnhn[ \m- a - ß - f n¬\n∂v Jp¿- B - \ nse ssZh- k -
¶¬]sØ kw_-‘n® sXfn™ Nn{Xw \ap°v e`n-°pw. Hmtcm
\mahpw {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ Bi-b-tem-IsØ ka-\z-bn-∏n-®m¬ AXv
Ckvemw kwkvIrXn hc®pImWn-°p∂ ssZh-{]-Ir-X-sØbpw ssZh-
[¿a-ß-sfbpw A\m-h-cWwsNøp-∂-Xmbn amdpw. GI\pw Icp-Wm-
\n-[nbpw AJn-em-cm-[y-\p-amb hniz-in¬]n˛A-XmWv Jp¿-B-\nI
ssZh-k-¶¬]w.
ùXn-I-bm-Ym¿Yy-ß-fpsS taJ-e-bn¬ A[y-£-X-b-h-Im-i-s∏-´p
-Ign-bp-∂-h≥t]mepw ChnsS F¥p sNtø≠q F∂-dn-bmsX hnj-an-
°p∂ \nan-j-ß-fp-≠v. a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ hnkvabw hnf-bn-®p-sIm≠v Ah≥
th]-Yp-sIm-≈p-Ibpw KZvKZm-£-c-\m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. H∂p-
am-tem-Nn-®n-s√-¶nepw ssZhta F∂v hnfn-°p-Ibpw kt_m-[-am-b-s√-
¶nepw Ft¥m bmNn-°m-s\-∂-t]mse ssIIƒ BIm-i-Øn-te-°p-
b¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cuiz-tcm-∑p-J-amWv a\p-jys‚ {]bm-Ww.
kar-≤-amb ]cn-k-c-{]-]-©-Øn-\p-t]mepw -i-an-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bmØ AZ-
ay-amb Hc-¥¿Zmlw Ah-\n¬ {]I-S-am-Wv. F¥p t\Sn-bmepw t\tS-
≠Xv t\Sn- b n- s √- s ∂mcp tXm∂¬. F¥p - I - ≠ mepw ImtW- ≠ Xv
I≠n- s √∂ Ahym- t Jy- b - a mb Hc- k zm- ÿ yw. Xs‚ A\p- ` - h - ß - f p-
sSbpw Bkzm-Z-\-ß-fp-sSbpw taJ-e-I-fn¬ Bth-≠-Xmbn√ Fs∂m-
c-kw-Xr-]vXn. Ahs‚ _p≤nbpw a\ pw "CX√ CX√' F∂v kZm
a{¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ GXm-sW-∂-dn-bm-\p≈ DXvI-WvTbpw
Pn⁄m-kbpw AXn¬ \neo-\-amWv. Xs‚ ]cn-an-Xn-Isf°pdn®pw
A]q¿W- X - I - s f- ° p- d n®pw Hcmƒ t_m[- h m- \ m- s W- ∂ p- h - c p- t ºmƒ
]q¿Whpw A]- c n- t a- b - h p- a mb Hc- ⁄ mX taJ- e - b n- t e°v Ah≥
ssII-fp-b¿Øn-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wv. Xs‚ ssIIƒ Xm\-dn-bm-sX-bm-sW-
¶nepw Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Fhn-tS°v F∂v kzbw tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ
Ahs‚ a\ v \n»-_vZ-am-hp-∂p. B \n»-_vZ-X°v `mjyw \¬In-
bm¬ e`n-°p∂ kam-[m\w ]q¿W-X-bn-te-°v-˛-\nXykXy-Øn-te°v
˛A-Yhm im¥n-bn-te°v F∂m-bn-cn-°pw.
`£-Whpw \n{Zbpw {]P-\-\-ti-jnbpw hnNm-c-i-‡nbpw hnth-N-
95
\-t_m-[hpw `mj-W-kn-≤n-bp-sa-√m-ap≈ a\p-jy≥ a‰p Poh-cm-in-I-

sf-b-t]-£n®v Iptd-°qSn e£y-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-\m-Wv. ssZh-Z-Ø-amb
hntij-_p≤n Ahs‚ e£y-{]m-]vXn-bn¬ Ah\v hf-sc-tbsd klm-
b-I-amWv. ""BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS {]Im-i-amb''(24: 35) kXy-th-Z-{KŸw
Ahs\ hgn-\-bn-°m-\p-ap-≠v. At∏mƒ Ahs‚ PohnXw hn`m-hn-
Xe£yw km£m¬- ° - c n® ]c- a - [ - \ y- X °v hnt[- b - a m- h - W - s a- ¶ n¬
ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v A-h≥ Db¿∂p-s]m-tß-≠-Xp≠v. Zm¿i-\n-I-
\mb s{IÃn tamdn-k¨ Cß-s\-sb-gpXn:
""a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ ssZhm-kvXn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m[-ap-s≠-∂-
XmWv Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ ssZhm-kvXn-Xz-Øn\p≈ G‰hpw henb
ZrjvSm-¥w. ssZhn-I-hn-`m-h\ lrZ-b-Øn-e-¶p-cn-∏n-°-Ø° Bflob
i‡n-bp≈ GI Pohn Cu {]]-©-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥ am{X-amWv. Cu
i‡nsb \mw hnNm- c - t ijn F∂p hnfn- ° p- ∂ p. hnNm- c tijn-
sIm≠pw ssZhnI ZrjvSm-¥-ßsf Ah-ew-_-am°nbp≈ hnNn-¥-\w-
sIm≠pw a\p- j ys‚ A¥xcw- K Øv hºn® Bflo- t bm¬°¿jw
kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂p. Cu Ah-ÿm-hn-ti-j-Øn¬ AZr-iy-h-kvXp-°-fpsS
bmYm¿Yyw Ah∂v Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bp-∂p. Cu i‡n-hn-tijw
Hcp a\p-jy∂p apºn¬ bmYm¿Yy-ß-fpsS Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sns‚ hnim-
e-cwKw Xpd-∂p-sh-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ am\-knI `mh-\-Iƒ Bflob
bmYm¿Yy-ß-fpsS cq]w {]m]n-°p-∂p. Ah\v {]m]-©n-Ihpw Bflo-
b-hp-amb AkwJyw ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn-eqsS ssZh-k-∂n-[n-sb-°p-dn®v
sXfnhv e`n-°p-∂p. ssZhw F√mbn-SØp-ap-s≠∂pw k¿thm-]cn Xs‚
lrZ-b-Øn\v kao-]-Øp-X-s∂-bp-s≠∂pw Ah≥ Adn-™p-Xp-S-ßp-
∂p.'' CsXmcp alm-bm-{X-bpsS awKf]q¿W-amb kam-cw-`-am-Wv.
B a{¥-hm-°ns‚ lrZ-b-[z\n
\mw ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈ bm{X-bn-em-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Pm{KX ]men-°-
Ww. ssZh-kvXpXn \ΩpsS lrZ-bm-Im-i-Øn¬ kZm apJ-cn-X-am-bn-
cn-°-Ww. Bflob ka¿∏Whpw Bcm-[\m {]h-W-amb tkh-\hpw
A\n-hm-cyw. a\p-jy-cm-in-sbbpw {]]-©-sØ-Ø-s∂bpw krjvSn-®-
cp-fp-∂, \ΩpsS ASp-Ømbpw AI-e-Ømbpw F√m-bn-S-Øp-ambpw
h¿Øn-°p∂ kI-e-⁄-\mb k¿th-iz-c\p ap∂n¬ a\p-jy≥ AIw-
sIm≠pw ]pdw-sIm≠pw ka¿∏n-t°≠ ]e-Xp-ap-≠v. AXn¬ {]apJw
\ap°v kI-eXpw kΩm-\n® k¿th-iz-c\p ap∂n¬ IrX-⁄-Xm-
96
]q¿hw \an-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. B \a\w aqI-sa-¶nepw hmNm-e-am-Wv.

F√mw X∂p c£n-°p∂ ssZhta \ns‚ ap∂n¬ Rms\s∂ IrX-
⁄-Xm-]q¿hw ka¿∏n-°p∂p F∂m-Wn-Xn-\¿Yw. kIe Ncm-N-c-ß-
fpsS ap∂nepw Xe-bp-b¿Øn-\n¬°m≥ t]mcp∂ Rm≥, as‰m-∂n-
t\mSpw \a\-_m-[yX kq£n-°mØ Rm≥, \ns‚ ap∂n¬ hn\-bm-
\znXw \an-°p-∂p. AX¿ln-°p-∂-h≥ \obm-Wv, \o am{Xw F∂v Rm\-
dn-bp-∂p. \o ]I-c-°m-c-\n-√m-Ø-h-\m-sW∂pw Ak-Zr-i-\m-sW∂pw
Rm≥ a\ n-em-°p-∂p. Icp-Wm-a-b\pw DZm-c-a-\- p-amb \n\°v, \n m-
c-\mb Fs‚ hN-\hpw \a-\hpw H∂p-a-s√-¶nepw Fs‚ `mK-Øp-
≠m-hp∂ \µn-tISv \o s]mdp-°p-I-bn-s√∂pw Rm\-dn-bp-∂p. ssZh-
tØmSv \µn-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv, kq£va-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚
AkvXn-Xz-Ønepw krjvSn-ÿnXn kwlm-c-I¿Ør-Xz-Øn-epap≈ Ahn-
izm-k-Øns‚ e£-W-ambn Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Ahn-izm-ksØ
kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]Z-amWv Ip^vdv, Ahn-izmkn Im^n-dpw. Cu ]Z-Øns‚
kq£vam-ibw \µn-tISv F∂m-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ahn-izmkn k¿h-
⁄\pw k¿h-i-‡\pw kI-em-h-ew-_n-bp-amb ssZh-Øns‚ ap∂n¬
\µn- b n- √ m- Ø - h - \ m- s W∂v hymJym- \ n- ° - s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v . ssZh- Ø ns‚
ap∂n¬ IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿hw \an-°pI F∂Xv Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn-
bpsS Aew-Ly-amb _m[y-X-bm-Ip-∂p.
""\nßƒ \µn-tISv Im´p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, kwi-b-an√; A√mlp \nß-
fp-sS-sbm∂pw B{i-b-am-hiy-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv. F∂m¬ Xs‚ Zmk-
∑m-cpsS \µn-tISv Ah-s\m´pw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. \nßƒ \µn-Im-Wn-
°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXp-Im-cWw \nß-tfm-S-h≥ kwXr-]vX-\m-bn-Øo-cpw.''
(39: 7)
BNmcm-\p-jvTm\ßfn-ep-]cn Hcp kXy-hnizm-kn-bn¬ \mw {]Xo-
£n-°p-∂Xv Cu khn-tij kwkvIm-c-am-Wv. Ahs‚ Np≠p-I-fn-e-
\p-thew AarXw ]pcń h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ""ssZhta \n\-°mWv kI-
e-kvXp-Xnbpw'' (A¬lw-Zp-en-√m-ln) F∂ hcnjvS hN-\-am-Wv.
hnizmkw as‰m-∂m-Wv. AXv IrX-⁄-X-bpsS cq]m-¥-c-am-Wv.
At\ym\y _‘n-Xhpw ]c-kv]c ]qc-I-hp-am-Wv. \ncm-I-cn-°m-\m-
hmØ Hcp {]]-©-k-XysØ {]t_m-[n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv thZ-{KŸw
hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-Ød ZrV-cq-V-am-°p-∂-Xv.
""Hscm‰ kØ-bn¬\n∂v Ah≥ \nß-sf-sb√mw krjvSn-®p. ]ns∂
AXn¬\n∂v AXns‚ CWsb D≠m-°n. \nßƒ°m-bn, I∂p-Im-en-
I-fn¬\n∂v F´p tPmUn-I-sfbpw Ah≥ Hcp-°n-Ø-∂p. \nß-fpsS
97
amXm-°-fpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ Ah≥ \nßsf krjvSn-°p-∂p. aq∂v Ccp-fp-

Iƒ-°p≈n¬ H∂n-\p-]n-dsI H∂mbn; L´w-L-´-ambn \nß-sf-b-h≥
cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°-p∂p (D-Z-cw, K¿`m-i-bw, K¿`m-i-b-Øn-\-IØv
{`qWsØ s]mXn-bp∂ Bh-c-Ww-˛-aq∂v Ccp-fp-I-fpsS `mjy-a-Xm-Wv).
CsXm-s°bpw sNøp∂ A√m-lp-hmWv \nß-fpsS \mY≥. B[n-]Xyw
Ah\v am{X-am-Wv. Ah-\-√msX ssZh-an-√. F∂n´pw \nßsftßm-
´mWv hgn-sX-‰n-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xv?'' (39: 6)
A\p-`-h-th-Zyhpw bp‡n-`-{Z-hp-amb {]]-©-k-XysØ A\p-kva-
cn∏n-®p-sIm≠v ZrV-cq-V-amb Hcp hnizm-k-X-e-Øn-eq∂n \n¬t°-≠-
h-\mWv kXy-hn-izm-kn-sb∂v thZ-{K-Ÿ-a-dn-bn-°p-∂p. ssZhw k¿h-
98
i-‡\pw k¿h-⁄\pw Ak-Zr-i\pw {]]-©-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ ]c-am-

h-ew-_-hp-am-sW∂ t_m[yw-sIm-≠mWv ]c-am-cm-[y-\m-bn-∏-cn-W-an-°p-
∂-sX-¶n¬, B t_m[y-amWv Hcp kXy-hn-izm-knsb kzbw ka¿∏-
W-Øn\v t{]cn-∏n-®-sX-¶n¬ AXn-t\m-sSm-ń-\n¬°p∂ Hcp hnizm-k-
X-ew(Cu-am≥) kXy-hn-izm-kn-°-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v \µnbpw
hnizm-khpw ]c-kv]c _‘n-X-ß-fm-Wv.
ASp-ØXv A\p-kva-c-Whpw Bcm-[-\-bp-am-Wv. ""\o \ns‚ \mYs\
cmhn-sebpw sshIp-t∂-chpw a\- n¬ kvacn-°p-I. AXv hn\-b-tØm-
sSbpw `b-tØm-sS-bp-am-h-Ww; hm°p-Iƒ Dd-s°-bm-hm-sX-bpw. \o
AXn¬ Ah-K-W\ ImWn-°p-∂-h-\m-h-cp-Xv.'' (7: 205)
A\p-kva-c-W-Øn¬ hn\-bhpw BZ-chpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-X-bp-sa-
√m-ap-≠v. ssZh-hr-Øn-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]q¿W-ambn A\p-kva-cn-°m-\p≈
a\xi-‡n \ap-°n-s√-¶nepw BIm-hp-∂-Xns‚ AI-sØm-Xp-ßp∂
A\p-kvac-W-hrØn Xs∂ \sΩ hnkva-b-hn-lz-e-cm°nØo¿°p-sa-
∂-Xn¬ ]£m-¥-c-an-√. At∏mƒ \ma-dn-bmsX \ΩpsS a\ v Ah°p
ap∂n¬ hn\{a-amhp-Ibpw Ah-sb√mw \ΩpsS hnizm-ksØ L\-
km-{µ-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Hc¿Y-Øn¬ ssZhm-\p-kvacWw B-cm-[-
\-bmbpw ]cnWan-°p∂p.
""Pn∂p-I-sfbpw a\p-jy-scbpw F\n°v hgn-s∏-´p-I-gn-bm-\-√msX
Rm≥ krjvSn-®n-ń-√.'' (51: 56)
ssZh-kva-cW hnL-Sn-Xhpw inYn-ehpw Zp¿_-e-hp-am-bn-Øo-cm-Xn-
cn-°m-\mWv Ckvemw Zn\w-tXmdpw A©p-t\-csØ \a-kvIm-c-{In-b-
Xs∂ \n¿tZ-in®-Xv. temI-a-X-ß-fn-sem-∂nepw A\p-kva-c-W-Øn\v
AYhm Bcm-[-\°v C{X \njvIr-jvS-amb hyhÿ AwKo-I-cn-®p-
Im-Wp-∂n-√.
ssZh-`bw Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS as‰mcp khn-ti-j- `m-h-am-
99
Wv . ""ssZh- ` bw ⁄m\- Ø ns‚ Bcw`''amsW∂v \ap- ° - d n- b mw.

AsXmcp Zp¿_-e-a-\ v Im´p∂ N]-e-amb t]Sn-b-√. {]XypX ssZh-
sa∂ Ata-b-amb Hcp "hep∏'Øn\p-ap-∂n¬ Rms\∂ ]qgn-Ø-cn-
°p-≠m-Ip∂ hn\bakr-W-amb a\x-›m-©-ey-am-Wv. ssZh-hn-izm-k-
Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw {]iv\-am-
W-Xv. kz]n-Xm-hn\v ap∂n¬ ]p{X\p tXm∂p∂ at\m-Zu¿_-eyØns‚
At\I aSßmWXv. Acp-Xm-bva-I-f-\p-h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ B Znhy-
amb `b-amWv \sΩ XSbm-s\-Øp-∂-Xv. Bscbpw t]Sn-°m-\n-√mØ
Hcp \mSns‚ Zpc-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v hnNm-c-a-Xn-Iƒ Bi-¶n-°m-dp-≠v.
BWn-s\bpw XqWn-s\bpw t]Sn-°m-\n-√mØ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ \ncm-
{i- b - X z- s Ø- ° p- d n®v \mw hne]n- ° m- d p- ≠ v . Pohn- X - Ø n¬ Nn´bpw
\oXnbpw {Iao-I-cWhpw ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh-`bw Hc-\n-hm-cy-
X-bm-sW∂v Ahn-sS-bmWv t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
""A√m-lp-hns‚ t]¿ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ lrZbw `b-N-In-X-am-Ip-∂-
h¿ am{X-amWv bYm¿Y hnizm-kn-Iƒ''(8: 2) F∂ Jp¿-B-\nI kq‡w
AXm-Wp-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv.
ssZh- ` - b - Ø n¬\n∂mWv `‡n- b psS ]nd- h n. `‡nbpw `bhpw
klhm-kn-I-fm-Wv. `b-tØmsS ssZh-Øns‚ Dä-bn¬ hnizm-k-
a¿∏n-°p-∂h¿ kmXzn-Ihpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-amb PohnXw \bn-®p-sIm≠v
ssZh-`‡n {]ISn-∏n-°p∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw. Iq´m-fn-I-tfmSv Im´p∂
am\-kn-I-`m-h-a√ `‡n; X∂nepw henb, X∂n¬ BZ-chpw hnkva-
bhpw hf¿Øp∂ Hcp henb kXy-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬ lrZbw \an-°p-
tºm-gmWv Bcm-[-\m-`mhw hnI-kz-c-am-hp-∂-Xv. ssZh-`bw (X-Jvhm)
kq£n-°p∂ `‡nkm{µ-amb a\- n\v \∑-I-f-\p-jvTn-°mt\ Ign-
bq. Hcp aX-]-c-amb NS-ßmbn´-√, hnizm-km-[n-jvTn-X-amb Pohn-Xm-
Nm- c - a m- b mWv kXy- t h- Z - h n- i zmkn "XJvhm'sb ImW- p ∂- X v.
"XJvhm'bpsS {]Ir-X-sa-s¥∂v thZ-{KŸw hy‡-ambn {]Im-in-∏n-
®n-´p-≠v. apJw Ing-t°mt´m ]Sn-™m-tdmt´m Xncn-®p-sh-∂-Xp-sIm≠v
]pWyw e`n-°p-∂n-√. ]pWyw e`n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ A√m-lp-hnepw A¥y-
Zn-\-Ønepw thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw {]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw a\- p-d™p hniz-
kn-°-Ww. _‘p-°ƒ, A\m-Y¿, AK-Xn-Iƒ, bm{Xn-I¿, bmN-I¿- -
F-∂n-h¿°pw a‰p k¬{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw [\w sNe-h-gn-°-Ww.
\a-kvImcw \ne-\n¿ØpIbpw kImØv sImSp-°p-Ibpw Icm¿ ]men-
°p-Ibpw £a ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw thWw. CsXm-∂p-an-√msX GsX-
¶n-ep-samcp `mK-tØ°v apJw Xncn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw Hcp ]pWyhpw
e`n-°p-I-bn-√. thZ-{KŸw hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p∂ am¿K-Øn-eq-sS, `b-`-
100
‡n-tbmsS Pohn-°p-∂-h-cm-hWw bYm¿Y kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ

F∂mWv Ckvemw kwkvIrXn A\p-im-kn-°p-∂-Xv.
hn\- b m- \ zn- X hpw tkh\{]h- W - h p- a mb I¿tam- ] m- k - \ - b mWv
Ckvemw Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂ as‰mcp khn-tij `mhw. ssZh-Øns‚
ap∂n¬ am{Xw ASn-a-I-fm-hp-I. F√m-Xcw ASn-a-Ø-ß-sfbpw FSp-
Øp-am‰n ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bnse ASn-aØw kzbw hcn-°pI, Pohn-X-hn-
Pbw AXm-sW∂v kzbw A`n-am-\n-°m≥ I-gn-bp-I.
\ap°p ap∂n¬ Hcp sXfn™ am¿K-ap-≠v. B hgn- ImńØtc-
Wta F∂mWv thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ BZym[ym-b-Øn¬ kXy-hn-izmkn
{]m¿Yn-°p-∂-Xv.
""Rßsf \o t\¿h-gn-bn¬ \bn-t°-Wta
\o A\p-{K-ln-®-h-cpsS hgn-bn¬,
\ns‚ tIm]-Øn-\n-c-bm-b-h-cp-sSbpw
]ng-®-h-cp-sSbpw hgn-bn-e-√.'' (1: 6˛7)
CsXmcp C_m-Z-Øm-Wv. Hcmƒ Hcp kXysØ Af-h‰v _lp-
am\n°p-I, -A-Xns‚ ap∂n¬ ]c-am-h[n hn\-bhpw hnt[-b-Xzhpw {]I-
Sn-∏n-°pI, B Xncpk∂n-[n-bn¬ k¿h ka¿∏Ww km[n-°p-I-˛-C-
XmWv C_m-ZØv. Zm¿i-\nI {]Xn-`-Ifpw Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-Xm-°fpw
C_m-Z-Øn\v \¬Inb `mjy-a-Xm-Wv. CXv A√m-lp-hn\v am{X-ap-≈-
Xm- W v . C_m- Z - Ø n\v ka¿l- \ mbn a‰mcpw Xs∂- b n- √ . Ckv e mw
kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS Ah-ew-_-in-e-b-Xm-Wv. Cu \n¿h-l-W-]-Y-Øn-eqsS
apt∂m´pt]mIp- t ºmƒ am{Xta a\p- j y≥ "temI- Ø n- s e, ssZh-
Øns‚ {]Xn-]p-cp-j-\m'bn amdp-∂p-≈q.
apkvenw-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Xz-Øn¬
AN-©-e-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
Cu temIhpw am\p-jy-I-am-sI-Ø-s∂bpw
B ssZh-Øns‚XmsW∂pw hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
em C-eml C√-√mlv F∂ a{¥-hm°ns‚ lrZ-b-[z-\n-b-Xm-Wv.
k¿h ka¿∏-W-am-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Znhy-Z¿i\w

101
Ckvemw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v ka¿∏-Ww, A\pk-cWw F∂o A¿Yß-

fp-ap-≠v. Hcp aXZ¿i-\-sa∂ \ne°v AJn-em-[n-\m-Y-\mb A√m-lp-
hns‚ ap∂n-ep≈ k¿h ka¿∏-W-amWv Ckvemw F∂ ]Zw DZvKm\w
sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu ]Z-Øn\v im¥n, kam-[m\w F∂o BibXe-ß-fp-
ap- ≠ v . ico- c - ˛ - a - \ - p- I ƒ kzmÿyhpw kam- [ m- \ hpw ]c- a - a mb
im¥nbpw ssIh-cn°p-∂Xv Al-¶m-cmZn at\m-am-en-\y-ßsf ]cn-Xy-
Pn®v A√m-lp-hns‚ ap∂n¬ k¿h ka¿∏Ww km[n-°p-tºmƒ am{X-
am-Ip-∂p. XnI®pw Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw I¿i-\-amb \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-fm¬
hne- b n- X - h p- a mb Hcp {]]- © - Ø n- e mWv a\p- j ys‚ A[n- h m- k w.
{kjvSmhpw c£-I\pw kIe⁄\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ \nb-a-hy-
102
h-ÿ-I-fn¬ hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw Cuiz-c-hm-Zn-bm-sW-

¶nepw As√-¶nepw {]mIr-Xn-Itam ssPhn-Itam Bb kIe hyh-
ÿ-I-fp-a-\p-k-cn-°m≥ Bcpw _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv. A∂n-e-bn¬ kI-
ecpw apkvenwI-fm-Wv.
A\p-k-cWw AYhm ka¿∏Ww c≠p-X-c-ap-≠v. H∂v {]Ir-Xym-
bp≈ A\p-k-c-W-am-Wv. ktN-X-\hpw Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw hn`m-h-\m-
]q¿W-hp-amb {]]© \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-b-√msX euInI {]Xn-
`m-k-ßƒs°m-∂p-a-hnsS AkvXn-Xz-an-√. kp\n-b-Xhpw ]q¿h \n¿Wn-
X-hp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-Ifpw Xmf-{I-a-ßfpw AhnsS A\p-k-cn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ChnsS krjvSn-bpsS lnXhpw {]nbhpw ap≥Iøpw Imc-
I-Xzhpw ]cn-K-W-\m¿l-ß-tf-b-√. A\p-k-cn-°-s∏-SpI F∂-Xn-\∏pdw
Ahn-sS-sbm-∂p-an-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv {]Ir-Xn-bnse kI-e- N-cm-N-c-
ßfpw Adn-™p-sIm-≠-s√-¶nepw apkvenw [¿aw AYhm A\p-k-
cWw ]men-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-ß-fm-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS
G‰hpw kao-]-ÿ-amb ]q¿hm-{i-a-Øn¬ \ΩpsS Ah-ÿsb¥mbn-
cp∂p? ]nXm-hns‚ P\-t\-{µn-b-Ønse _oPhpw amXm-hnse Hc-fi-
hp-am-bn, c≠¿[-tIm-i-ß-fm-bn, At\ym-\y-a-dn-bmsX Ign-bp∂ AI-
e-ß-fnse A⁄mX {]hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p \mw. Hcm-kq-{XnX ]≤-
Xn-bpsS \n¿hl-W-{]-IrXw t]mse Cu A¿[-tIm-i-ßsf kwtbm-
Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Pm{K-X-tbmsS hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cn-Ibpw Xmf-{Iaw
sX‰n- ° msX C∂sØ \ne- b n- t e°v ]cn- h ¿Øn- ∏ ns®Sp- ° p- I bpw
sNbv X ssZh- i m- k v { X- ] - c - a mb in¬]- h r- Ø n- b n¬ \ΩpsS ]s¶-
¥mWv? \Ωn¬ lnXm-ln-X-ßƒ hnf-bm\pw Imc-I-Xz-ap-d-bm\pw XpS-
ßn-bn-ń-√mØ B {]mKvIm-e-I-Ym-X-e-Øn¬ \n¿hm-l-I\pw kwhn-
[m-b-I-\pam-cm-Wv? BcpsS kq£va-⁄m-\hpw Bkq-{X-W-ssh-`-
hhp-am-W-hnsS \nd-™p-hn-f-ßn-bXv? tUm. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ ]d-™-
Xp-t]mse ""At⁄-b-amb B k¿KN-e-\-ßƒ tIhew bmZr-—n-
Ihpw A‘-hp-am-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bptam?'' hf¿∂p-b¿∂v hnkva-
103
b-a-Wn-™p-\n¬°p-∂ a\p-jy-`m-h-\°v t]mepw A{]m-]y-sa∂v Icp-

Xm-hp∂ cwK-k-÷o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw A\p-{I-a-amb hnIm-k-hr-≤nIfp-
sSbpw et£ym-∑p-J-amb {]bm-W-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw ]nd-In¬ iq\yX
F∂v Icp-Xm≥ ]‰ptam? H∂p-d∏v, AsX-¥m-bmepw AhnsS \n»-
_vZX-bn¬ apgßn\n¬°p∂ A\p-⁄-I-f-\p-k-cn-°m≥ krjvSn-I-
sf√mw _m[y-ÿ-am-Wv. B At⁄-b-amb al-»-‡n-bpsS-˛-\n-Xy-
k-Xy-Øns‚˛ ap∂n¬ A\p-k-cWw Imń tkz—m-\pkm-ctØmsStbm
A√m-sXtbm kzbw ka¿∏n®p \n∂ Nc-ßfpw AN-c-ß-fp-sa√mw
A°m-cWw sIm≠v apkvenw Bhp-I-bm-Wv. \nb-Xm¿Y-Øn¬ k¿h
`q-X-ßfpw (`hn-®h, D≠m-b-h) apkvenw BsW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv AXp-
sIm- ≠ mWv .
a\p-jy≥ hf¿∂p. Ahs‚ hnti-j-_p≤n DW¿∂p. KpWmKpW-
hn-Nn-¥\w Ahs‚ {]Ir-X-am-bn. -{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿ Ahs\ hgn\bn-
®p. thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ Ah\v {]Im-i-am-bn. Np‰p-ap-≈-h-sb√mw Ah∂v
ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fmbn. B ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Xzhpw al-
Xzhpw Ahs\ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn. {]]-©-\m-Ys‚ ap∂n¬ Ah≥
Xe-Ip-\n®p. kzbw ka¿∏n-®p. AXp tkz—m-\p-km-c-ap≈ ka¿∏-
Whpw A\p-k-c-W-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah≥ kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-.
apkvenw F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-´p.
Xs∂-°p-dn®pw {]]-©-sØ-°p-dn®pw H∂p-a-dn-bmsX Fs¥-¶nepw
kzoI- c n®v Xr]v X n- b - S - b m≥ hn[n- ° - s ∏- ´ - h - \ √ a\p- j y≥. F√m
ImeØpw F√m P\-]-Z-ß-fnepw Adn-bn-°m\pw hgn-Im-´m\pw {]hm-
N-I∑mscbpw thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-sfbpw A√mlp \ntbm-Kn-®p. {]hm-NI-
∑m¿ XΩn¬ ho£-W-ssh-cp-[y-ß-fn√; Bib kwL¿j-ß-fp-an-√.
GI-ssZ-h -kn-≤m-¥-Øns‚ {]t_m-[-\-®p-a-Xe G¬]n-°msX Hcp
{]hm-N-I-s\bpw A√mlp Ab-®n-ń-s√∂v Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
""Rm\-√msX ssZh-an-√. AXn-\m¬ \nßƒ F\n°v hgn-s∏-SpI
F∂ ktµiw \¬In-s°m-≠-√msX \n\°p apºv Hcp ZqX-s\bpw
\mw Ab-®n-ń-√.'' (21: 25)
PqX-∑m-scbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw AI-f-¶-amb ssZh-Øns‚
GI-Xz-Øn-te°v £Wn-°p-hm≥ apl-ΩZv \_n-tbmSv A√mlp I¬]n-
®-Xns‚ Imc-Whpw AXm-Wv. ""]d-bpI: thZ-hn-izm-kn-Itf, Rßfpw
\nßfpw H∂p-t]mse AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ XØz-Øn-te°v hcn-I. AXn-
XmWv: A√mlp A√mØ B¿°pw \mw hgn-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I. Ah-
\n¬ H∂n-s\bpw ]¶p-tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°pI.'' (3 : 64)
104
Ah¿ kXy-[¿a-ßƒ {]t_m-[n-∏n-®p. hgn-\-bn-®p. D]-tZ-in-®p.

Xm°oXv \¬In. F∂n´pw t_m[y-s∏-Sm-Ø-h¿ ktµ-l-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn.
A\p-k-c-W-Øn\v Xøm-dn-√m-Ø-h¿ kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-am-bn. Adn-
™mepw Cs√- ¶ nepw Cjv v - S - s ∏- ´ mepw Cs√- ¶ nepw {]]- © - Ø nse
k¿h-`q-X-ßfpw "apkvenw' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ Bi-b-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn¬
s]Spw. ]ns∂ _p≤n-bp-W¿∂v a\p-jy≥ -k-t_m-[w, tkz—m-\p-kmcw
kXy- t h- Z - a w- K o- I - c n- ° p- t ºmƒ At±lw hymh- l m- c n- I m¿Y- Ø nepw
apkv e nw BbnØocp- ∂ p. Hcp kXy- t h- Z - h n- i zmkn P∑wsIm≠pw
t_m[yw sIm≠pw, c≠p-co-Xn-bnepw apkvenw Bhp-I-bm-Wv.
{]hm-N-I≥ {]t_m-[n-∏n-®-hn[w apk¬ams‚ [¿a-im-kv{X-amb
Ckvemw A\n-tj-[y-ß-fmb aq∂v ]cn-I¬]-\-I-fn¬˛ XuloZv (G-
I-ssZ-h-Xzw), cnkm-eØv ({]-hm-N-I-Xzw), BJn-dØv (]-c-tem-I-Po-hn-
Xw)˛ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. kZv^-e-a¿ln-°p∂ bYm¿Y apkvenw Bsc∂
tNmZy-Øn\v thZ-{KŸw Bh¿Øn®p]dbp∂p:
""hniz-kn-®-hcpw \√Xp sNbvX-hcpw.''
H∂v ssZh- Ø ns‚ t\sc, as‰m∂v kaq- l - Ø ns‚ t\sc- b pw.
A£- ¥ - h y- a mb c≠- ] - c m- [ - ß ƒ GsX∂ tNmZy- Ø n\v Jp¿- B ≥
\¬Ip∂ adp-]Sn A{X-Xs∂ {it≤-bamIp∂p:
""ssZh-Øns‚ GI-XzsØ \ntj-[n-°pI;
hni-∂p-h-cp-∂-h\v Blmcw \¬Im-Xn-cn-°pI.''
Htc t\cØv ssZh-sØbpw ka-jvSn-sbbpw kvt\ln°pI F∂-
XmWv Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS khn-tij `mhw. At∏mtg B
aln-X-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS `mh-]q¿WX A`n-hy-‡-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≈q.
Jp¿-B-\nse A¬amDu≥ F∂ A[ym-b-Ønse kq‡-ß-sf√mw
Hcp apk¬ams‚ ]tcm-]-Imc{]h-W-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-{K-X-
bn-te°v hnc¬Nq≠p∂p.
sshb- ‡ n- I hpw {]mtZ- i n- I - h p- a mb ]cn- a n- X n- I ƒ°∏p- d - Ø mWv
Ckvem-ans‚ I¿a-a-fi-e-sa∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂Xv At∏m-gm-Wv. apl-
ΩZv Pohn-°p∂ Jpssdin kaq-l-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°p-a-∏pdw
am\p-jyI-Øns‚ hnime hnkvXr-Xn-bn-te°v kXy-thZw {]k-cn-®p-
\n¬°p-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. apl-Ω-Zns‚ Z¿i-\w, Atd-_y≥ aXw
105
F∂n-ßs\ kXyth-ZmZ¿isØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv km[q-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.
hnin-jvS-^-e-k-ar-≤-amsbmcp hS-hr£w
imkv{Xhpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw kºØpw kΩm-\n® ùXnI -
ku-I-cy-ßƒ°v \Sp-hnepw a\p-jy\v kpJhpw kam-[m-\hpw ssIh-
cp-∂n-√. a\- -t∏mgpw thgm-º-en-s\-t∏mse BIm-i-Øn-te°pw hS-
°p-t\m-°n-sb-t∏mse DØ-c-Zn-i-bn-te°pw B¿Øn-tbmsS Xncn-™p-
\n¬°p∂p.
kºØv, imkv{Xw, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy -t]m-ep≈ ùXn-I-km-l-N-
cy-ßƒs°m∂pw im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-
s√∂v hcp-tºmƒ ùXn-IX°∏p-dtØm C∏p-dtØm F∏p-dtØm
D≈ Bflo-bm-\p-`q-Xn-°mWv Ah≥ IÆ-b-°p-∂Xpw ImtXm¿°p-
∂- X pw. At∏mgmW- h ≥ aXsØ {i≤n- ° p- ∂ Xv . Bflo- b - X - b psS
ssZhnI Zni-bn-te°v a\p-jys\ \bn-°m≥ t]mcp∂ ssIh-gntbm
cmP-]-Ytam BWv aXw. F∂m¬ Bflo-btam ssZhn-Itam Bb
]cn-th-j-a-Wn™p\n¬°p∂ aX-ßƒ°pw h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Pohn-X-
Øn¬ a\p-jy\v im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw \¬Im≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. F¥p-
sIm-≠mWv aX-Øn\v a\p-jy-\n¬ im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw hnf-bn-
°m≥ Ign-bmsXt]mIp-∂Xv? aXw h¿Ø-am-\-ImeZim-k-‘n-bn¬
e£y- k w- { ]m- ] - \ - Ø n\v Aka¿Yhpw A{]- k - ‡ hpam- b nØo¿∂n-
´pt≠m F∂m-W-t\z-jn-t°-≠-Xv.
aX-Øn¬ as‰-√m-‰nep-sa∂t]mse hym]-I-amb coXn-bn¬ ambw
tN¿°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. ASn-ÿm-\-Z¿i-\-ß-fn¬ t]mepw am‰n-a-dn-°-
ep-Iƒ \S-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. HcpImeØv temI-Ønse {]i-kvX-ß-fmb
106
aX-ß-sf√mw GI-ssZ-h-XzØn-eq∂n DZbwsIm≠-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. blq-

Z- a X- a m- b mepw {Inkv X p- a - X - a mbmepw `mc- X o- b - a - X - ß - f m- b mepw
CkvemwaX-am-bm-epw-˛-F√mw GI-ssZ-h-Xz-Øn-eq∂n hf¿∂ aX-ß-
fm-bn-cp-∂p. Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ ]e- a-X-ßfpw Xß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-
Z¿i-\-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ am‰w hcp-Øn. aX-Øns‚ km[p-Xbpw hnizm-
ky-Xbpw \jvS-s∏-´-Xn-\p≈ apJy-Im-c-W-a-Xm-Wv.
aX-Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-X-e-ß-fn-eqsSbp≈ {]bmWw Hcp
D]m- k - \ - t ]mse \n¿h- l n- ° - s ∏tS≠Xm- W v . £n{]- k m- [ y- ß - f √
AXns‚ ê-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂. F∂m¬ hnizm-kn-bpsS £a-sbbpw
kl\-sØbpw NqjWwsNbvXp-sIm≠v im¥n°pw Pohn-X-k-am-[m-
\-Øn\pw B\-µ-{]m-]vXn°pw Ipdp-°p-h-gn-I-fp-s≠∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-
Ønbpw ssZh-Øn\p ]I-c-°m-cmbn Isø-Øm-hp-∂ Zqc-Øn¬ \ap-
°n-S-bn¬Xs∂ ssZhtam ssZh-k-∂n-`-∑mtcm Ds≠∂pw t_m[y-s∏-
SpØn hnizm-kn-Isf hgn-sX-‰n-°p∂ Ip’nX {iaßfpw ChnsS \S-
°p-∂p-≠v.
aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnse hcn-jvS-h-N-\-ßsf HmXn-bp-d-∏n® _‘-a√msX
Bi-b-]-c-amb Ah-t_m[w hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ \s∂ Ipd-hm-Wn-t∏mƒ.
aX-sa-¥m-sW∂pw aX-sa-¥n-\m-sW∂pw Adn-bmsX Ign-bp∂ aX-
\m-a-[m-cn-I-fm-Wn-hnsStbsd-bp-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ kz¥w hnizm-k-sØ
hnIm-c-]-c-ambn am{Xw I≠p-d-∏n-°msX AXns‚ Bi-b-]-c-amb
Ah- t _m[w hnI- k n- ∏ n- s ®- S p- ° m\pw AXp- h gn hnizm- k - Ø n¬
hnizmkw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m\pw Ign-b-Ww. hnizm-ksØ cq]-t`Zw
hcp-ØmsX Ah-km-\-Imew hsc hnizm-k-am-bn-Øs∂ ]cnc£n-
°p-∂Xp hgn aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ BXy-¥nI e£yw km£m¬°-
cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. tIh-e-hn-izmkwhgn kaq-l-Po-hn-X-Øn\pw hy‡n-
Po-hn-X-Øn\pXs∂bpw ÿmbn-bm-b, {]Im-i-an-b∂ Hcp {]tbm-P-
\hpw e`n-°p-∂n-√. aX-hn-izm-ksØ Bflo-b-kw-kvIr-Xn-bm°n∏cn-
h¿Øn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-b-Ww. AXv Pohn-XsØ km¿YIhpw kêhp-
am°n am‰p-∂p. kq£va hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ kmaq-
ly-{]-tbm-P\w AhnsS km£m-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. AXn-
\m¬ hnizm-k-Øn¬ hnizm-k-ap-≠m-hp-I, hnizm-ksØ Bflo-b- kw-
kvIr-Xn-bm-°n- ]-cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-I-˛-hn-izmknbpsS [¿a-a-Xm-Wv.
""Rßƒ A√m-lp-hn-epw Ahs‚ ZqX-\nepw hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂p.
Ahsc A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p'. F∂m¬ AXn-\p-tijw
Ah-cn-semcp-hn-`mKw ]n¥n-cn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Ah¿ hnizm-kn-I-tf-b-
107
√.'' (24: 47)

\_n ]d™p: ""Xs‚ at\m-KXw Rm≥ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xns\ ]n¥p-
S-cp-∂-XmbnØocp-∂-Xp-hsc \nß-fnsemcmfpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-bm-hp-
I-bn-√.'' (i¿lp- p-∂)
AXn- \ m¬ Adn- ™ pƒs°m- ≈ p- I , {XnI- c - W - ß sfs°m≠pw
\n¿h-ln-°p-I˛ -hn-izmkw ZrVcqVam-h-Ww, icn-bmb hnizm-k-Øns‚
]›m-Ø-e-Ønte I¿a-ip-≤n -ssI-h-cn-°m-\m-hq. Hcmƒ a\∏q¿hw
Hcp sX‰p sNøp-∂p. -CXv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ap-≈-h\p hø. Hcp sX‰v
kt_m[w Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p. CXpw ZrV-hn-izm-k-ap-≈-h\p hø. {XnI-
c-W-ip-≤n -alXvI¿a-\n¿h-l-W-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ipw. Hcp kXy-hn-
izm-kn-bpsS I¿a-Xew amXr-Im-]-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. Hcp-h≥ hnip-≤-hn-
Im-c-tØmsS kXy-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ {]X-e-Øn-te°v IS-°m-\m-{K-ln-
°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Hcp {]Xn-⁄m-hm-Iy-a-\p-k-cn-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv.
B {]Xn-⁄m-hm-Iy-amWv "Ien-aXp-Øu-loZv.' AsXmcp Z¿i-\-]-c-
amb hS-hr-£-am-Wv. B hr£w kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS lrZb`qan-I-
bn-emWv thcp-]n-Sn®p \n¬°p-∂-Xv. AXn\v imtJm-]-im-J-I-fp-≠v.
AXv hnin- j v S - ^ - e - k - a r- ≤ - h p- a m- b n- c n- ° pw. I¿a- a mWv ê- ß ƒ(- C -
_vdmlow 24-˛25). hnizm-kn-bn¬\n∂v Nne-t∏mƒ k¬°¿a-ßƒ ]nd-
hn-sb-Sp-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw Ah≥ hnizmkn Xs∂. ê-ß-fn-√mØ
hr£-ß-fp-ap-≠m-Ip-at√m. F∂m¬ êw Imbv°mØ ê-hr£w
\msf IØn-°m≥ am{Xta sIm≈q F∂p-a-dn-bp-I. At∏mƒ Cuam-
s‚˛ hnip-≤-hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚˛ ]q¿WX sIm≠v kXvI¿a-ßƒ kzm`m-
hn- I - a m- b p- ≠ m- I pw. kXvI¿a- ß ƒ Pohn- X sØ k^- e hpw
kºq¿Whpw al-Øc-hp-am-°p-∂p. kXvI¿a-hn-`q-jn-X-a-√mØ Pohn-
X-Øn\pta¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ISm£w ]Xn-°p-∂n-√. AØcw a\p-
jy-Po-hn-X-ßƒ \cIm-·n-°p≈ C‘-\-ß-fmbn amdp-∂p. Cuam≥
{]Im-i-am-Wv. hgn-Im-´p∂ shfn-®w.
kXvI¿a-ß-fpsS ku`m-KysØ kXy-th-Zw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xn-
ß-s\-bmWv:
""AXn-\m¬ Bsc-¶nepw Xs‚ \mY-\p-ambn I≠p-ap-´-W-sa∂v
B{K- l n- ° p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ n¬ Ah≥ kXv I ¿a- ß ƒ sNbv X p- s Im- ≈ - s ´.
Xs‚ c£n-Xm-hn-\p≈ hgn-s∏-Sen¬ Bscbpw ]¶p-tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°-
s´.'' (18: 110)
kXvI¿a-ßsf \ncm-I-cn®v Zp¿am¿K-Nm-cn-bm-bn-°-gn-bp∂-hs\ aX-
\n-tj-[n-sb-∂mWv thZ-{KŸw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
108
""aXsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-hs\ \o It≠m? Ah≥, A\m-Ysb

Bń-b-I-‰p-∂-h≥, AK-Xn°v A∂w sImSp-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°m-Ø-
h≥.....'' (107: 1˛3)
CkvemanI kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS BZym-£-c-ßƒ

A√m-lp-h-√msX ssZh-an√
apl-ΩZv A√m-lp-hns‚ {]hm-N-I≥
Ckv e m- a nI hnizm- k - Ø ns‚ lrZ- b - ` m- h - a - n Xm- W v . Cu i_v Z w
a[pcw ]pc- ´ mØ Np≠p- I - f n- √ . Adn- b p- ∂ - h \pw Adn- b m- Ø - h \pw
F∂pw Ba{¥n-°p∂ thZ-h-N- p-I-fm-W-h. c≠p XXz-ßƒ AXn¬
ka-\z-bn-°p∂p:
A√m-lp-h-√msX ssZh-an√;
apl-ΩZv A√m-lp-hns‚ {]hm-N-I\pw
Hcp alm kXy- a mWv ChnsS A\m- h - c WwsNø- s ∏- ´ - X v . B
kXysØ A\m-bmkw Adn-bm\pw {]m]n-°m\pw \ap°v km[y-a-√.
FÆ-a‰ kqN-\-Ifpw ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw \ap°p Np‰p-ap-s≠-¶nepw Ah-
109
bn¬ Cuiz-c-k-Øsb hnf-°n-sb-Sp-°m\pw AXp-hgn kzPo-hn-XsØ

km¿Y-I-am-°m\pw Ffp∏w \ap°v Ign™psh∂p hcn-√. ssIh∂
Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p-t]mepw bYm¿l-a-dn-bm≥ Ign-bmsX a\p-jy≥
Pohn-®p Xo¿°p∂p F∂-Xn-\-∏p-dØv H∂pw km[n-°p-∂n-√. AXn-
\m¬ ssZh- s Øbpw ssZh- Ø ns‚ GI- X z- s ØbpwIpdn®v \sΩ
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw {XnIm-e-X-e-ß-fn-eq∂n \n¬°p∂ \ΩpsS
Pohn-X-k-a-ky-sb-°p-dn®v \Ωn-e-h-t_m[w hf¿Øm\pw {]hm-N-I-
km-∂n[yw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Hcp alm-k-Xy-am-sW-¶nepw
At⁄-b-ambpw A{]m-]y-ambpw h¿Øn-°p-∂ ssZhn-I-XzsØ Ic-
X-e-ma-eIw t]mse ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw PohnX[¿a-ß-sf-°p-dn®v
\sΩ {]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-hm\pw Hcp {]hm-N-I-\m-h-iy-ambn hcp-∂p. {]hm-
N- I ≥ kmam- \ ym¿Y- Ø n¬ \Ωn- s em- c m- f m- s W- ¶ nepw {]hm- N - I Xzw
Akm-[m-c-Whpw AXyp-∂-X-hp-amb Hcp ssZhm-\p-{K-l-am-Wv. ssZh-
kva-c-W-bpsS Hcp `mKw-t]m-se, ssZh-t_m[yw \Ωn¬ hf¿Ønb
{]hm- N - I \pw kv a cn- ° - s ∏- S - W w. ssZhnI kv a c- W - b psS ]cn-
kv]q¿Øn°v AX-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. ssZhsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw {]hm-N-
Is\ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmtg ssZthm-]m-k\ ]q¿Øn-bm-
Ip-∂p≈q F∂-Xp-sIm≠mWv kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS a{¥-h-N-
mbn "em Ceml C√-√mlv, apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mlv' tLmjn-°-
s∏-Sp∂-Xv.
kXyw F∂- X p- t ]mse kXy- t _m[w hf¿Øn \ΩpsS Pohn-
XsØ ktXym- ∑ p- J - a m- ° m≥ \nbp- ‡ - \ mb {]hm- N - I \pw ChnsS
kvacn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. ssZh-ZuXyw \n¿h-ln-°p∂ {]hm-N-I-∑m-
sc√mw BZ-c-Wo-b-cm-sW∂v thZ-{KŸw Adn-bn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw
{]hm-N-I-k-tµ-i-ß-fpsS ka-\z-bhpw kw]q¿Ønbpw apl-Ω-Zn-eq-
sS-bmWv B-hn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ssZh-Øns‚
{]hm-N-I-cXv\w apl-Ω-Zm-sW∂v Bh¿Øn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬,
Aßs\ ]dbptºmƒ AhnsS hnth-N-\-Øns‚ {]iv\-ap-Zn-°p-∂n-
110
√. {]mtZ- i n- I hpw Im- e n- I - h p- a mb {]iv\- h y- h - l - c - W - Ø n\v

AhXo¿Wcmb {]hm-N-I-∑m-cmWv a‰p-≈-h-sc-√mw. F∂m¬ apl-Ω-
Zns‚ {]hm- N - I - X z- s Ø- ° p- d n- ® p≈ thZ- h - N \w ""am\p- j y- I - Ø n-
s\m∂msI-b-√msX \ns∂ \mw Ab-®n-ń√'' F∂m-Wv. ""Ckvemw
Hcp aX-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-ńcn°p-∂p'' F∂ thZ-h-N-\-ap-≠v. Cu
c≠v thZ-h-N- p-Ifpw A`n-hy-‡-am-°p∂Xv apl-ΩZv F∂ {]hm-N-
Is‚ hyXn-cn-‡-Xbpw apl-Ω-Zn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ kXy-th-Z-
Øns‚ km¿h-eu-In-Ihpw km¿h-P-\o-\-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-am-
Wv. apl-ΩZv \_n°v temI-{]-hm-N-Is‚ hyXn-cn-‡-X-bp-≠v. AXp-
sIm-≠mWv A¥y-{]hm-N-IXzw apl-ΩZv \_n-bn-e-Wn-bn®v "A√m-
lp-hns‚ {]hm-N-I≥' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. ssZh-sØbpw ssZh-
t_m-[\w \Ωn-se-Øn® {]hm-N-I-s\bpw A\p-kyq-X-ambn kvacn-
°p- t ºmƒ ssZh- h n- ⁄ m- \ o- b - Ø ns‚ ka- k vXhpw \Ωn¬
km£m¬°cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. GsXmcp hntij kvac-W-bpsS Znhy-K-
‘w-sIm≠v PohnXw km¿Y-Ihpw kpc-`n-ehpw et£ym-∑p-J-hp-am-
bn-∏-cn-W-an-°p-∂pthm AXmWv "em Ceml C√-√mlv, apl-Ω-Zp¿d-
kq-ep√mlv.'
apl-ΩZv dkqep-√mlv
kqd-Øp¬ ^mØnlbnse {]i-kvX-amb {]m¿Y\m hmIyw: ""\o
Rßsf t\cmwhgn \bn-t°-Wta!''
Cu thZ-kq‡w Hm¿°mØ apkvenw lrZ-b-an-√. Ckvem-ans‚
A©v ASnÿm\in-e-I-fn¬ H∂mWv ]©-\n-kvImcw. Cu \nkvIm-
c-ß-fnepw kp∂-Øp-\n-kvIm-c-ß-fnepsa√mw Hmtcm dIv-A-Ønepw
k\n-jvI¿jw HmXn-bn-cn-t°≠ H∂mWv ^mØn-l. "^mØnl HmXm-
Ø-h-s∂¥v \nkvImcw!' F∂ \_n-h-N\w ^mØn-l-bpsS {]mapJyw
Io¿Øn-°p∂p.
a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn\v kp\n-›n-X-amb Hcp hn`m-hn-X-e-£y-ap-≠v.
B e£y-Øn-te-°p≈ am¿K-a-dn-bpI F∂Xv Ahs‚ Pohn-Xm-h-
iy-ß-fn¬ {]Y-ahpw ]c-a-hp-amWv. t\¿h-gn-b-dn-bn-°p-∂Xv kI-e-⁄-
\mb ssZhw Xs∂.
""hgn-Im-ń-bmbpw klm-bn-bmbpw \ns‚ \mY≥ Xs∂ aXn.'' (25:
31)
""kwi-b-an√, ssZhn-I- am¿K-Z¿i-\-amWv kXy-Z¿i\w.'' (2: 120)
""Hmtcm hkv X p- h n\pw AXns‚ {]IrXw \¬Ip- I bpw ]ns∂
111
Ah°v hgn-Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\mWv Rß-fpsS c£n-Xmhv.''

(20: 50)
`qan- b nse Xs‚ {]Xn- \ n- [ n- I sf A\p- { K- l m- i n- p- I - f - c pfn
DW¿Øn Db¿Øp-hm≥ Icp-Wm-a-b-\mb ssZhw k∂-≤-\m-bn. Ah-
\cp-fnb shfn®w a\p-jy-cm-in°v alm-\p-{K-l-am-bn. B shfn-®w-˛-h-
gn-sh-fn-®w-˛-C-s√-¶n¬ PohnXw Zb-\o-bamwhn[w KXn-apń\n¬°p∂
H∂m-bn-∏-cn-W-an-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.
{]hm-N-I-\n-eq-sS-b-√msX a\p-jy-\p-ambn ssZhw t\cn´v _‘-
s∏-Sp-∂n-√. F√m ImeØpw {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. Ah-
sc√mw shfn-®-Øns‚ kwhm-l-I-cm-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jy-Nm-]eyw h¿W-
°khp-I-f-Wn-bn® k¶p-NnX Xm¬]-cy-ß-sfm∂pw Ahsc kv]¿in-
®n-cp∂n-√. ]n¬°m-eØv Kpcp-\n-µbpw ]nXr-lXybpw ]cn-N-bn-®p-
t]m∂ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ aXn¬s°´p-I-fn-sem-Xp°n hn`m-Ko-b-X-bpsS
h‡m-°-fmbn Ahsc {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-Ibpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw
sNbvXp-sh-¶nepw kq£va hnNn-¥-\-Øn¬ Ah-sc√mw a\p-jy-km-
am-\y-Øns‚ hgn-Im-ń-I-fm-bn-cp∂p F∂v ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
""\_o, temI-P-\-X-°-\p-{K-l-am-bn-´-√msX \ns∂ \mw Ab-®n-
ń√'' (21: 107) F∂ Jp¿-B≥ hmIyw AXm-WpZvtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xv.
{]m]-©nI ZpcnX-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ imiz-X-amb tamN-\-Øn\pXIp∂
ia- \ u- j - [ - h p- a m- b n, {]hm- N - I - X z- Ø ns‚ kºq¿WX kΩm- \ n- ® p-
sIm≠v ssZhw apl-Ω-Zns\ sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-b-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp
kºq¿W Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bmbn Ckvemw Z¿i\w cq]-s∏-´-t∏mƒ
apl-ΩZv \_n A¥y {]hm-N-I-\mbpw amdn.
apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS hy‡n-ssh-in-jvSysØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ Jp¿-
B-\nI hN-\-ßƒ {it≤-b-ß-fm-Wv.
""\nßƒ°v A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-\n¬ anI® amXr-I-bp-≠v.''(33:
21)
{]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xpw A\p-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw ssZh-am¿K-
Øn-ep≈ hrØnhn-ti-j-ß-fm-bn -K-Wn-°-s∏-Spw. At±lw sNbvXXpw
]d-™Xpw Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eqsS A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hmgvØ-s∏-Sp-∂p.
Ckvem-ans\ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ apl-Ω-Zns\ Adn-bpI F∂ sNm√p-
t]mepw {]Np-c-am-Wn-hnsS.
apl-Ω-ZmWv Ckvemw Is≠-Øn-b-sX∂v apk¬am≥ Icp-Xp-∂n-
√. ssZh-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ ÿm]-I-s\∂pw a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-bpsS
112
{]mcw-`-Øn¬ Xs∂ Ckvemw cq]w sIm≠n-´p-s≠∂pw P∑-th-f-bn¬

inip-hns‚ a\- n¬ A\£-c-`m-j-bn¬ Ckvemw F∂ hnizm-k-
Øns‚ BZym-¶pcw apf-s]m-´p-∂p-sh∂pw kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Icp-
Xp-∂p. aplΩZv CkvemwaX-Øns‚ {]tbm-‡m-hmWv; AXns\ AXy-
¥- h n- i p- ≤ n- t bmsS Pohn- X - Ø n- e - \ p- h ¿Øn® Ak- Z r- i - \ mb I¿a-
tbmKn. A£- c m¿Y- Ø n¬ Xs∂ ssZh- Ø ns‚ ktµ- i - h m- l - I ≥.
hy‡n-\m-a-sa-Sp-Øp-®-cn®psIm≠√ ssZhw apl-Ω-Zns\ kwt_m-[-
\-sN-bvXXv. kwt_m-[\ sNbvX kµ¿`-ß-fn-se√mw "tl \_o',
"tl dkq¬' F∂mWv ssZh-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. k¿h-e-£-W-kw-bp-‡-
\mb {]hm-N-I≥ F∂ A¿Y-[z-\n-bm-W-hnsS apg-ßp-∂-Xv.
[¿a-hn-{K-l-\mb {]hm-N-I≥
[¿asØ kp]-cn-NnXw F∂pw A[¿asØ A]-cn-NnXw F∂p-amWv
Jp¿-B≥ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. kapXvIr-jvS-Kp-W-ß-fmbn a\p-jy-k-aq-l-
Øn\v kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-b-XmWv [¿aw. AXv F°meØpw \ndw-a-ßmsX
{]`m-kn-°p-∂p. A\p-I-cn-°m\pw A\p-k-cn-°m\pw ]‰m-Ø, \√ KpW-
ß-fmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø, A]-cn-Nn-X-ambXmWv A[¿aw. kXyw-]-d-
bp-I, klm-bn-°p-I, hm°v ]men-°pI F∂nh [¿a-]-£Øv kp]-
cn-Nn-X-ß-fmbpw I≈w]d-bepw t{Zmln-°epw hmKvZ-Ø-ew-L-\-hp-
sa√mw A[¿a-cw-KØv A]-cn-Nn-X-ß-fmbpw h¿Øn-°p-∂p.
[¿am-[¿a-ß-sf√mw Nne -\n-b-X-hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS ASn-Ø-d-bn¬
cq]- s ∏- S p- Ø - s ∏- ´ - h - b m- W v . {]]- © - Ø n\v Hcp \mY- \ p- s ≠∂pw
\msa√mw Ahs‚ krjvSn-I-fm-sW∂pw \ΩpsS F√m {]h¿Ø-\-
ßfpw hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ßƒt]mepw bYm-XYw Ah-\-dn-bp-∂p-sh∂pw
hniz-kn-°m≥ Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.
a\p-jy≥ Cu temIØph®p sNøp∂ F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw
X°-Xmb {]Xn-êw \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp temIhpw Imehpw kwPm-
X-am-Ip-sa∂pw a\p-jys‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ F√mw Xs∂, Ah-sb-
{X sNdpXpw \n m-c-hp-am-bm¬ t]mepw Hcp {KŸ-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-
Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠∂pw B {KŸw AYhm I¿a-tcJ ]c-tem-I-Øp-h®v
Ah∂v \¬I-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw Jp¿-B≥ {]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu {]]©w
CtX cq]-Øn¬ Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-I-bn-s√∂pw {]]-©-Øns‚
Cu LS\ ]msS XI-cp∂ Hcp Zn\w hcp-sa∂pw ]n∂oSv a\p-jysc
113
apgp-h≥ Hcp-an-®p-Iqń hnNm-cWsNøp-sa∂pw A∂v \∑ {]h¿Øn-®-

h\v AXns‚ êhpw Xn∑ sNbvX-h\v AXns‚ êhpw ]q¿W-am-
bn -e-`n-°p-sa∂pw Jp¿-B≥ Adn-bn-°p-∂p.
D]-cyp‡ hnizm-k-ß-fn-emWv Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS [m¿an-
Im-[ym-]-\-ßƒ sIń-∏-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv. Cu kq£va kXy {]t_m-[\w
hgn [¿am-[¿a hnth-N-\-Øn\v Ffp∏w IqSp-∂p.
hy‡na\- ns\ hna-eo-I-cn®v amXr-Im-]-c-amb IpSpw_Pohn-X-
Øn\v ]mI-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw kZm-Nmc\njvT-amb IpSpw_Pohn-X-Øn-
eqsS `{Z-amb kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ DuSpw ]mhp-sam-cp-°m\pw kl-
\hpw tkh-\hpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw kmaRvP-kyhpw Ifn-bm-Sp∂
kmaq-ly-Po-hnXw hnf-°n-sb-Sp-°p∂ cmjv{S-Po-hnXw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-
hm\pw kzbw ]q¿Whpw kl-h¿Ø\w Ifn-bm-Sp-∂-Xp-amb temI-
PohnXw km£m-XvI-cn-°p-hm-\pw th≠p∂ [¿a-{]-t_m-[\w Jp¿-
B≥ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p≠v. efn-Xhpw Ah-{I-hp-amb coXn-bn¬ Jp¿-
B≥ hy‡n-a-\- n-t\mSv Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: ""kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf,
Hcp P\X as‰mcp P\-Xsb ]cn-l-kn-°-cp-Xv. ]cn-l-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-
h¿ ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂-h-tc-°mƒ \√-h-cm-tb-°mw. kv{XoIƒ kv{XoI-
sfbpw ]cn-l-kn-°-cp-Xv. ]cn-l-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂h-
tc-°mƒ DØ-a-I-fm-tb-°mw. \nßƒ ]c-kv]cw IpØp-hm-°p-Iƒ
]d-b-cp-Xv. ]cn-lm-k-t∏-cp-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v ]c-kv]cw A]-am-\n-°-cp-
Xv. kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn® tijw A[¿a-Øns‚ t]cp-]-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂Xv Xo¿Øpw \oNw Xs∂. B¿ ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-∂n-√tbm Ah¿
Xs∂-bmWv A{I-an-Iƒ. Hs´√m Dul-ß-sfbpw h¿Pn-°p-I. Dd-
∏mbpw Dul-ß-fn¬ NneXv Ip‰-am-Wv. \nßƒ clkyw Npgn™-
t\z-jn-°-cp-Xv. \nß-fn-emcpw a‰p-≈-h-sc-∏‰n Ah-cpsS Akm-∂n[y-
Øn¬ tami-ambn kwkm-cn-°-cp-Xv. acn-®p-In-S-°p-∂ ktlm-Z-cs‚ ]®n-
d®n Xn∂m≥ \nß-fm-sc-¶nepw CjvS-s∏-Sptam? Xo¿®-bmbpw \nß-
fXv shdp-°p-∂p. \nßƒ ssZh-`-‡-cm-hp-I. A√mlp ]›m-Øm]w
kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h\pw Zbm-]-c-\p-amWv.'' (49: 11-˛12)
""\o kl-\-a-h-ew-_n-°p-I, {]hm-N-I∑m¿ kl-\-a-\p-`-hn-®-Xp-
t]mse.'' (46: 35)
""A√mlp \n\°v \∑-sN-bvX-Xp-t]mse \obpw P\-ßƒ°v \∑
sNøp-I. \o \mń¬ Ipg-∏-ß-fp-≠m-°m≥ {ian-°-cp-Xv. Ipg-∏-ap-≠m-
°p-∂-hsc A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-I-tb-bn-√.'' (28: 77)
114
""\µnsI´ NXn-b-∑msc A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n√.'' (22: 38)

kl-\-amWv hnth-I-Øns‚ sXfn™ apJ-sa∂v {]hm-N-I≥ ]e
kµ¿`-ß-fnepw A\p-kva-cn-∏n-®p. a°-bn¬h®v kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ
Zmcp-W-amw-hn[w a¿Zn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ £a-b-h-ew-_n-°m-\mWv {]hm-N-
I≥ D]-tZ-in-®-Xv. a¿Z\w Zp¿h-l-am-b-t∏mƒ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ aZo-
\-bn-te°v ]em-b\w sNbvXp. Ahn-sSbpw sskzc-ambn Pohn-°m≥
Ign-bmØ hn[w Acm-Xn-I-fpsS B{I-aWw XpS¿∂p. At∏mƒ am{X-
amWv {]hm-N-I≥ Ah¿°v bp≤wsNøm-\-\p-hmZw \¬Inb-Xv.
""]c- a - I m- c p- W n- I - \ mb A√m- l p- h ns‚ Zmk- ∑ m¿ `qan- b n¬
hn\btØm-sS \S-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ahn-th-In-Iƒ hmZ-tIm-em-l-e-Øn\p
h∂m¬ "\nßƒ°v kam-[m\w' F∂v am{Xw ]d™p Hgn-bp-∂-h-cm-
W-h¿.'' (25: 63)
""Gj-Wn-°m¿°pw ]c-Zq-j-W-w ]d-bp-∂-h¿°pw \miw.'' (104: 1)
""t£am-h-ÿ-bnepw £ma-Im-eØpw [\w sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-hcpw
tIm]w AS°n\n¿Øp- ∂ - h - c p- a m- W - h ¿. k¬°¿an- I sf A√mlp
kvt\ln-°p-∂p.'' (3: 134)
{XnI-c-W-ßfpw ip≤-am-°n A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ ka¿∏-
W-a-\-t msS k©-cn-°p∂ kXy-hn-izmkn [¿a\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬
ZØ ZrjvS-\-s{X. temIw \∂m-°m≥ \∑-bpsS BZy-£cw Ipdn-
t°-≠Xv hy‡nPohn-X-Øns‚ at\m-^-e-I-Øn-em-Wv. B ZuXyw
hnP-b-kv^q¿Øn-bn-se-Øn-bm¬ AhnsS sXfn-™p-h-cp-∂Xv e£-
W-samØ Hcp amXrIm IpSpw-_-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]c-kv]cw kvt\ln-
°p-Ibpw At\ym\yw c£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp amXrIm IpSpw-
_w. IpSpw-_-th-Zn-bnse amXm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw ]p{X-I-f-{Xm-Zn-I-sfbpw
Nq≠n Xm¥m-ß-fpsS [¿a-a-\p-k-cn-∏n-°m≥ thZ-{KŸw {ian-°p-∂p-
≠v. IpSpw-_-Øns‚ HuXvIr-jvSyhpw k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-Øhpw Jp¿-B≥
sXfn-®p-Im-´p-∂p. IpSpw-_-kw-hn-[m-\-Ønepw Xe-ap-d-bpsS kwc-N-\-
bnepw IpSpw-_n\n(am-Xm-hv)bpsS ÿm\w AZzn-Xo-b-am-sW∂v tLmjn-
°p∂ {]hm-N-I≥ AΩ-bpsS ]mZm-¥n-I-Øn-emWv kz¿Kw A`n-can-
°p-∂-Xv F∂v ]d-bm\pw ad-∂n-√. BWpw s]Æpw tN¿∂mWv IpSpw-
_-sam-cp-°p-∂Xv F∂ kXyw AwKo-I-cn-®Xpw tLmjn-®Xpw {]hm-
N-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. {]hm-NImK-a\Øn\p apºv kv{Xo ]pcp-js‚ kzØm-
bn-cp-∂p. kv{XoIƒ°v {]tXy-Im-h-Im-i-ß-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.
as‰m-cm-fpsS kº-Øm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Ahƒ°v kz¥-amb kzØ-h-Im-
itam [\-hy-h-l-c-Wm-[n-Im-ctam D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu hyh-ÿsb
115
DS-®p-hm¿ØpsIm≠p≈ {]hm-N-Is‚ ]cn-{iaw Hcp henb hnπ-h-

Øns‚ XpS-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ Ccp-h¿°pw Xpey-
ÿm\am-sW-∂-dn-bn® {]hm-N-I≥ Hcp am‰-Øns‚ ]S-l-[z\n apg-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
""Bsc-¶nepw Xn∑ sNbvXm¬ AXn\p Xpey-amb {]Xn-^-e-am-
Wp-≠m-hp-I. F∂m¬ kv{Xobm-h-s´ ]pcp-j-\m-hs´, kXy-hn-izm-kn-
bmbn k¬°¿aw {]h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ - h ¿ kz¿K- Ø n¬ {]th- i n- ° pw.
Ah¿°hnsS IW-°‰ Pohn-X-hn-`hw e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.'' (40:
40)
""]pcp-jt\m kv{Xotbm Bcm-bmepw kXy-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-cns°
k¬°¿a-ß-f-\p-jvTn-®m¬ Ah¿°v \mw sa®-s∏´ PohnXw \¬Ipw.
Ah¿ {]h¿Øn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ G‰hpw DØ-a-am-b-Xn\v \ma-
h¿°v A¿l-amb {]Xn-^-ehpw \¬Ipw.'' (16: 97)
""A√m- l p- h n- e p≈ ka¿∏- W w, kXy- h n- i zm- k w, `b- ` - ‡ n- I ƒ,
kXy- k - ‘ - X , £am- i o- e w, hn\- b w, Zm\- i o- e w, {hXm- \ p- j v T m\w,
ssewKn-I-hn-ip≤n F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-hcpw A√m-lpsh [mcm-f-
ambn kvacn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m¿°v Ah≥ ]m]-tam-N-
\hpw al-Ømb {]Xn-êhpw Hcp-°n-sh-®n-´p-≠v.'' (33: 35)
""]pcpj- ∑ m¿°v Xßƒ {]h¿Øn- ® - X ns‚ {]Xn- ^ - e - a p- ≠ v .
kv{XoIƒ-°p-ap≠v Xßƒ {]h¿Øn-®-Xns‚ {]Xn-êw.'' (4: 32)
""amXm- ] n- X m- ° fpw G‰hpw ASpØ _‘p- ° fpw ac- W - s ∏- S p-
tºmƒ Dt]-£n-®p-t]mb [\-Øn¬ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v Hcw-i-ap-≠v. amXm-
]n-Xm-°fpw G‰hpw ASpØ _‘p-°fpw Dt]-£n-®p-t]mb [\-
Øn¬ kv{XoIƒ°pw Hcwi-ap-≠v.'' (4: 7)
IpSpw-_-Po-hnXØn¬ kv{XobpsS kam-\-X -t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-am-
dp≈ kq‡-ß-fmWv taep-≤cn-®-Xv. IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Ønse AwK-ßƒ
XΩn-ep≈ s]cp-am‰w Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v Jp¿-B≥ hni-Zo-
I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Xs‚ hnS-hm-ß¬ {]kw-K-Øn¬ t]mepw AXm-h¿Øn-
®-\p-kva-cn-∏n-°m≥ {]hm-N-I≥ {i≤n-®p.
"" kv{XoI-tfmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ kl-h¿Øn-°pI.'' (4: 19)
""\nßƒ A√m-lp-hn\v hgn-s∏-Sp-I. Ah-\n¬ H∂n-s\bpw ]¶p-
tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv \∂mbn h¿Øn-°p-I. _‘p-
°ƒ, A\m-Y-Iƒ, AK-Xn-Iƒ, IpSpw-_-°m-cmb Ab¬°m¿, A\y-
116
cmb Ab¬°m¿, kl-hm-kn-Iƒ, hgn-t]m-°¿, \nß-fpsS A[o-\-

X-bn-ep≈ ASn-a-Iƒ F√m-h-tcmSpw \√-\n-e-bn¬ h¿Øn-°p-I. Zpc-
l-¶m-cn-I-fmb Bscbpw A√mlp H´pw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.''
""`mcy-tbmSv \√ \ne-bn¬ s]cp-am-dp-∂-h-\mWv kXy-hn-izmkn.''
""sFlnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ah-cp-ambn \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°pI.''
(31: 15)
kmaq-ly-amb _m[yX \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta Hcp hy‡n
]uc- \ mbpw {]_p- ≤ - ] u- c - \ mbpw ]cn- W - a n- ° p- ∂ p- ≈ q. tIh- e - a mb
hy‡nPohn-X-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-amb ]cn-Wm-a-K-Xn-bnse hnIm-k-
X- e - a mWv kaq- l w. AhnsS sshNn- { Xy- a m¿∂ sshhn- [ y- ß - f p- ≠ v .
Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw cpNn-t`-Z-ßfpw hnkva-b-I-c-amw-hn[w hyXy-kvX-ß-
fm-bn-cn-°pw. CS-b-ep-Ifpw Iqń-ap-´-ep-Ifpw AhnsS kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
Pohn-X-Øns‚ Ignhpw angnhpw kwkvIm-chpw khn-ti-j-XIfp-sa√mw
sXfn-™p-ImtW≠Xhn-sS-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ kpÿn-Xn°pw kpc-
£--°p-amWv kaqlw ]nd-∂-Xv. IpSpw-_-Ønse AwK-tØ-°mƒ kaq-
l- a - \ p- j y\v _m[y- X - I - t f- s d- b p- ≠ v . kl- \ hpw kln- j v W p- X bpw
A\n-hm-cy-am-W-hn-sS.
[¿aw Aew-Ly-am-b, Ah-K-Wn-°m-s\m-°mØ I¿Ø-hy-am-sW-
¶n¬, Hcp kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-bpsS {]mY-an-I-amb [¿aw ssZh-tØmSpw
ka-kr-jvSn-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ kma-RvP-ky-am-Wv. Htc
t\cØv ssZh-Øns‚bpw ka-kr-jvSn-I-fp-sSbpw t\sc lrZ-b-apJw
Xncn-®p-sh-°m≥ _m[y-X-s∏-´-h-\mWv kXythZ-hn-izm-kn. Abmsf
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ssZh-`-‡n-sb-∂Xv kajvSnkvt\lhpw IqSn
Dƒt®¿∂-Xm-Wv. ka-jvSnsb ad∂v cm∏-I-ep-Iƒ ssZh-{]m¿Y-\-bnepw
thtZm-®m-c-W-ß-fnepw apgp-In-\n¬°p-∂ hnizmkn ssZh-{]o-Xn°v
ka¿l- \ m- I p- ∂ n- √ . hnizm- k - ß ƒ°- \ p- t cm- [ - a mb I¿am- \ p- j v T m- \ -
ßfpw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. ""ZpxJnsb tXmjn-∏n®pw tcmKnsb ip{iq-
jn®pw B]-Øn¬ s]Sp-t∂ms\bmiz-kn-∏n®pw XmWv Iq]-Øn¬°n-
S-t∏ms\ ssIsIm-Sp-Øp-b¿Ønbpw'' A¿Ynsb Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw
Ign-bp∂ kXy-th-Z-hn-izmkn ]c-tem-I-hn-Nm-c-W-bn¬ hnkva-b-I-
camwhn[w hnP-b-In-co-S-a-Wn-bp-∂Xv AXpsIm≠m-Wv.
kz`mhKpW-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw Io¿Øn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p BZy
ImesØ shfn-]m-Sp-I-f-Jn-e-hpw. a\p-jys‚ kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb hf¿®-
bn-eq-∂n-thWw Ahs‚ kIeam\-hn-Imkhr≤n-I-fp-sa∂v {]hm-N-
I-\-dn-bn-®p. aqey-t_m[w a\p-jys\ Xs‚ PohnX[¿a -\n¿h-l-W-
Øn\v i‡\pw {]m]vX-\p-am-°n-∏-cn-W-an-∏n-°p-∂p. AXns‚ \ncm-k-
117
Øn¬ F√mw AkvX-{]-`-ß-fm-sW∂pw Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-b-\pkva-

cn∏n°p∂p.
i{Xp-°fpw an{X-ßfpw GI-kz-c-Øn¬ apl-Ω-Zns\ "hniz-kvX≥'
F∂v hnti-jn-∏n®p! kXy-Ønepw kz`mhhnip-≤n-bnepw ]cn-\n-jvTn-
X-am-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-Xw.
""\n›- b - a mbpw kXy- \ njv T kZm- N m- c - Ø n- t e°pw kZm- N mc
t_m[w imizX aqey-ß-fpsS \dp-\n-em-shmfn ]c∂ kz¿K-c-∞y-bn-
te°pw I≈w Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-fn-te°pw Zpcm-Nmcw sImSpw \c-I-Øns‚
Fcn-Xobn-te°pw \bn°pw'' (_pJmcn 78: 69) F∂ {]hm-NIm[ym-
]\w {it≤-b-amWv.
Hcp \√ apk¬ams‚ sXfn™ e£Ww kXy-k-‘-X-bm-sW∂v
Ckvemw tLmjn-°p-∂p:
""kXy-k-‘-cmb ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw kv{XoIƒ°pw A√mlp ]m]-
tamN\hpw al-Ømb {]Xn-^-ehpw Hcp-°n-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂p.'' (30: 35)
""G‰hpw al-Ømb PnlmZv Ak-Xy-hm-Zn-bmb Hcp `c-Wm-[n-]s‚
ap∂n¬h®v \n¿`bw kXyw hnfn-®p-]-d-b-em-Wv.''
""Ah-km\ \mfn¬ hnP-b-{io-b-Wn-™p-\n¬°p-∂Xv kXyw am{X-
am-bn-cn°pw.''
""kXy-hm-∑m¿°v Ah-cpsS kXy-k-‘X {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂ Znh-
k-am-Wn-sX∂v At∏mƒ A√mlp Adn-bn°pw.'' (5: 112)
BZ¿i \njvT-amb AN-©e hnizmkw Hcp apk¬ams‚ k¿hm-
Xn- i m- b n- b mb khn- t i- j - X - b m- s W∂v hnfn- ® - d n- b n- ° p∂ At\Iw
kµ¿`-ßƒ Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-≠v. aZo-\-bn-te-°p≈ bm{X-
°n-S-bn¬ {]hm-N-I\pw A_q-_-°dpw Hcp Kpl-bn¬ Xßp-I-bp-≠m-
bn. Kplm- a p- J Øv i{Xp- ° ƒ ]c- X n- \ - S - ° p- ∂ p. Bi- ¶ m- I p- e - \ mb
A_q-_-°-dnt\mSv {]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p:
118
""Xm¶ƒ hnj-an-°m-Xn-cn°q. A√mlp \tΩm-sSm-∏-ap-≠v.''(9: 40)

{]hm-N-I≥ Nq≠n-°m-ńb hgn-bn-eqsS k©-cn-°m≥ Bbn-c-ß-
f-Wn-tN¿∂p. DØ-a-hn-izm-k-tØmsS {]hm-N-I≥ ]cn-c-£n-®p-t]m∂
kXy- k - ‘ - X - b n- e p≈ Id- I - f ™ hnizm- k hpw kz`mhKpW- ß - f n-
ep≈ ZrV t_m[y-hp-am-W-Xn\p Imc-Ww. A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb PohnX
amXr-I-bpsS \nZ¿i-\-am-b-ncp∂p apl-Ω-Zv. thZ-{KŸw Cßs\ kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂p:
""kXy- \ n- t j- [ hpw sXΩm- S n- Ø hpw [n°m- c hpw \nßƒ°- h ≥
Gsd shdp-∏p-≈-Xm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p''(49: 7). {]hm-N-I≥
]Tn-∏n® aqey-ß-sf√mw A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambn
amdn. AXn-te-‰hpw al-Øaw kXyk-‘-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Bfl- s sÿ- c y- a m- b n- c p∂p {]hm- N - I s‚ as‰mcp sshin- j v S yw.
k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ {]`m-h-Øn¬ am{Xw hnizm-k-a¿∏n®
kXy-thZ-hn-izm-kn°v as‰m-∂ns\ `b-s∏-tS-≠n-h-cp-∂n-√.
""A√m-lp-hns‚ ktµiw a\p-jy¿°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-h-cm-
W-h¿. Ah¿ A√m-lpsh t]Sn-°p-∂p. Ah-\-√mØ Bscbpw t]Sn-
°p-∂p-an-√. IW°pt\m°m≥ A√mlp Xs∂ aXn.'' (33: 39)
""Rß-fpsS \mY≥ A√m-lp-hm-sW∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw ]ns∂
XpS¿s∂∂pw t\¿h-gn-bn¬ \nebpd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿°v H∂pw
`b-s∏-Sm-\n-√, Ah¿°v ZpxJn-t°≠n hcn-Ibpan-√.''(46: 13)
""A√m-lp-hns‚ D‰-h-cmcpw t]Sn-t°-≠-Xn-√, ZpxJn-t°-≠-Xp-an-
√.''(10: 62)
Cu [m¿an-I-amb IcpØpw AXv hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ \n¿`-b-Xzhpw
sIm≠mWv apkvenw tbm≤m-°ƒ°v Xß-fp-tS-Xn-t\-°mƒ A©pw
]Øpw aSßv hep-∏-ap≈ i{Xp-ssk-\ysØ bp≤cwK-ß-fn¬ ]cm-
P-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-™-Xv. ]n¬°m-eØv Xmc-X-ay-an-√m-Øhn[w hep-
∏- a p≈ tdmam- k m- { amPy i‡n- t bmSpw t]¿jy≥ tk\- t bmSpw
hnkvabw hnc-Nn-®p-sIm≠v s]mcpXnPbn-°m≥ Ign-™Xpw as‰m-∂p-
sIm-≠-√. hnizmk_ew hnf-bn-s®-SpØ Bfl-ssÿ-cy-a-XmWv. Adn-
b-s∏-Sp∂ Iq‰≥ i‡n-I-fp-am-bp≈ t]mcm-´-ß-fn¬ A¤p-X-I-camw
hn[w hnP-b-In-coSw ssIh-cp-tºmƒ AXn-e-l-¶-cn-°msX Bfl\nb-
{¥Ww km[n®v s]cp-am-dm-\p≈ hnth-Ihpw kwkvIm-chpw Ah¿
{]I- S n- ∏ n- ® n- c p- ∂ p. AXn- \ p- t h≠ [m¿an- I m- \ p- i m- k \w kXy- t h- Z -
Øn¬\n∂pƒs°m-≈m≥ Ah¿°v km[n-®n-cp-∂p. F{X-ta¬ A[r-
119
jyX ssIh-cn-°m-\m-bmepw hniz-tP-Xm-°-fmbn amdn-bm¬t∏mepw

`qansb ]nf¿°m-t\m ]¿h-X-ßtfmfw s]m°wsh°mt\m Ign-bn-
s√∂p (17: 37) thZ{KŸw hnizm-knsb sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v.
""\o P\-ß-fn¬\n∂v apJwXncn-®p-I-f-b-cp-Xv. s]mß®-tØmsS `qan-
bn¬ \S- ° - c p- X v . Al¥ \Sn®pw s]mß®w Imńbpw \S- ° p∂
Bscbpw A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√'' (31: 18) F∂pw "".......-A-l-¶m-cn-
Isf A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√, Xo¿®'' (16: 23) F∂pw thZ-{K-Ÿ-
Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.
Ffn- a bpw hn\- b hpw kXy- h n- i zm- k n- b psS c‡- Ø n¬ h¿Ww
tN¿Ø LS-I-ß-fm-Wv. Hcp Znh-k-Øn¬ A©p t\c-sa-¶nepw ]cw-
s]m-cp-fns‚ ap∂n¬ kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmsI Htc t\cØv Htc coXn-
bn¬ Xe-Ip-\n®v \a-kvIm-c-{In-b-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmƒ ]tcm-£-
ambn Ah-\n¬ hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ imeo\ `mh-ß-fm-W-h. ""hep-∏-s®-dp-
∏-sa√mw ad∂v A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ Ipń-I-sf-t∏mse hn\b`‡n-`m-h-
ßƒ°v hnt[-b-cmbn Htc Imcyw Htc coXn-bn-e-\p-h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp-
S-em¿∂t]mep≈ Hcp hnizmknkaqlw! A\p-kyq-X-am-h¿Øn-°-s∏-
Sp∂ Cu A\p-h¿Ø-\-io-e-amWv kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fn¬ hn\-bu-Zm-
cy-`m-h-ßƒ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ apJy-]-¶p-h-ln-°p-∂-Xv'' (Syed
Ameer Ali-The Spirit of Islam). Cu A\p-≤-X-`m-h-amWv {]hm-N-Is‚
hnti-j-{]-Ir-X-ß-fn-sem∂v.
hmKvZ-Ø-ew-L-\hpw hnizm-k-h-©-\bpw kXyhn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v
A\y-am-sW∂v thZ-{KŸw i¶m-te-i-as\y t_m[n-∏n-°p-∂p:
""B kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS _m[y-X-Ifpw Icm-dp-Ifpw
]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cmWv.'' (23: 8)
""Xß-fpsS hi-ap≈ kq£n-∏p-kz-Øp-°ƒ kwc-£n-°p-∂-hcpw
Icm¿ ]men-°p-∂-h-cp-am-W-h¿.'' (70: 32)
""........ \nßƒ Icm¿ ]men-°p-I. Icm-dn-s\-°p-dn®v tNmZywsNø-
s∏Spw.'' (17: 34)
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf, \nßƒ {]Xn⁄ \nd-th-‰p-I.''(5: 1)
""\nßƒ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv {]Xn⁄ sNbvXm¬ ]q¿W-ambpw
]men- ° p- I . A√m- l psh ap≥\n¿Øn \nßƒ sNøp∂ kXy- ß -
sfm∂pw ewLn-°-cp-Xv.'' (16: 91)
{]Xn-Iqe kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ t]mepw DS-ºSn ]men-°p-hm≥ {]hm-N-
120
I≥ Aam-¥n-®n-√. hm°v ]men-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Xs‚ A\p-N-c-∑msc

c‡- Z m- l n- I - f mb i{Xp- ° ƒ°v ssIam- d m≥ t]mepw {]hm- N - I ≥
hn{]Xn- ] Øn Imń- b n- ´ n- √ . hmKv Z Ø- e w- L - \ - Ø ns‚ Hcp kµ¿`w
t]mepw {]hm-N-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬\n∂v F-Sp-Øp-Im-Wn-°m≥ hø.
A`bw tXSn aZo- \ - b n- t e°v t]mIm≥ Xocp- a m- \ n® kµ¿`w.
Aensb hnfn®v Kuc-h-]q¿hw F∂m¬ cl-ky-ambn Xncp-\_n Cß-
s\-b-dn-bn®p:
""CXm CX-{Xbpw Jpssd-in-Iƒ Fs∂-tb¬]n® hkvXphl-I-
fmWv . Rm\n- h nSw hn´m¬ Ch Ah- I m- i n- I ƒ°v IrXy- a mbn
Xncn®psImSp°- W w.'' \n¿Wm- b Iamb Hcp kµ¿`w. Xm≥
Xncn®psImSp-°m≥ \n¿tZin® kzØp-h-l-I-f-{Xbpw Jpssd-in-I-fp-
tS-Xm-sW∂v {]hm-N-I-∂-dn-bmw. Xs‚ k¿h-\miw sImXn-°p∂ i{Xp-
k- a q- l - Ø n- t ‚- X mWv kº- s Ø- ∂ dn™n- ´ pw al- Ø mb kXyaX-
Øns‚ {]Xn-jvTm-]-\-Øn\pw {]Nm-c-W-Øn\pw aZo-\-bn¬ Cu XpI
X\n-t°sd {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-sa∂v t_m[y-ap≠m-bn´pw {]hm-N-I≥
Aip-≤n-bp-tS-Xmb Hcp hnNmc Xe-Øn-te°v Xs‚ a\- ns\ ]m™p-
t]m-Im-\-\p-h-Zn-®n-√. Ahn-ln-X-amb kºØpw kuI-cy-ßfpw B{K-
ln-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw ]m]-am-sW-∂-dn-bm-hp∂ {]hm-N-I≥ [m¿an-I-aq-
ey-ß-fn¬\n∂v ISp-In-S -hy-Xn-N-en-°m≥ k∂-≤-\m-bn-cp-∂n-√. [m¿an-
I-aq-ey-ßƒ°v hn{K-l-cq]w k¶¬]n-°m-sa-¶n¬ {]hm-N-I≥ kI-
em¿YØnepw [¿a-hn-{K-l-I-\mWv.
A\yq-\-amb PohnX hyhÿ

ssZ hsØ Bcm- [ n- ° p- h m\pw AXp- h gn ssIh- c p∂ Pzen- ° p∂
Bfl- ` m- h sØ {]tbm- P - \ - s ∏- S pØn ka- j v S nsb tkhn- ° p- h m\pw
kXy-hn-izm-kn°v Ign-bp-∂p. \nc-¥-cw, {Ia-]q¿hIw Bh¿Øn-°-
s∏-Sp∂ \n-kvIm-c-{In-b-bpsS \n¿h-l-W-Øn¬ \na-·-\mbn\n¬°p∂
kXyhn-izm-kn°v Xs‚ ]n∂n¬ i‡n-t{km-X- mbn ssZhw Ah-
ÿm\w sNøp- ∂ p≠v F∂ t_m[w A]m- c - a mb Bfl- h n- i zmkw
kΩm-\n-°p-∂p.
as‰mcp aXØn-ep-an-√mØ khn-ti-jX ]©-\n-kvImc {Inb-bn-
eqsS Ckvemw kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bn-cn°p-∂p. Hcp kXy-hn-izm-knsb
kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw ssZhw Ahs‚ a\- n¬\n∂v
121
Hgn™p\n¬°p∂ t\c-an-√. DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ ka-bsØ A©mbn

]IpØv ASn-°Sn ssZh-sØ-tbm¿°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-amdv {]m¿Y-\m-
{Iaw kwhn-[m\w sNbvX Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn ssZh-Øns‚ ka-
mcm[yX AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ i‡nkn≤n-Isf Pohn-X-Øn-
em-hm-ln-°m≥ Bflm¿Y-ambn {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]c-Im-cy-hy-
{K-X-sIm≠v ad-°m≥ XpS-ßp-tºm-tg°pw Hm¿°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-amdv
{]m¿Y\m t\c-ßƒ Nn´s-∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. {]mW-izm-k-tØ-°mƒ
{]map-Jyhpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw \¬In CS-hn-ń-S-hn´v \n-kvIm-c-{In-b-b-\p-
h¿Øn®v AXv ico-c-Øns‚ t]mepw kz`m-h-am°n am‰nb kXy-hn-
izm-kn°v ssZh-hn-kvarXn Hc-km-[y-X-bm-Wv. ssZhsØ F√m \nan-
j-ß-fnepw Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bp-tºmƒ hnizm-kn°v am¿K-{`wiw hcp-
∂n-√. ùXnI Pohn-XØns‚ ]cm-`-h-ß-fn-epw {]hr-≤n-I-fnepw Bflo-
b-amb {]Im-i-In-c-W-ßƒ h¿jn®v I¿a-X-esØ hnip-≤-am-°m≥
kXy-hn-izm-kn°v km[n-°p-∂p.
ssZhw Xs∂ ssIsh-Sn-bm-tØ-S-tØmfw Xs‚ am¿Kw ]ng-°n-
s√-∂pw Bfl-ssÿcyw AN-©-e-am-bn -h¿Øn-°p-sa∂pw hnizm-
kn°v t_m[y-ap≠v. Abmƒ {]m¿Y\m-Zn- \akvImc-I¿a-ß-fn-eqsS
Bfl-i‡n- h¿[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw AX-{Xbpw ka-jvSn-bpsS tamN-\-Øn-
\mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kXy-hn-izmkn ssZh-sØbpw
temI-sØbpw Xs‚ Nn¥-bpsS thZn-bn¬ At\ym-\y-_-‘n-X-ß-f-
√mØ sh≈wtIdmØ Ad-I-fn-embn Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øp-I-b√ sNøp-
∂-Xv. c≠pw ]c-kv]-c-`n-∂-ßtfm hncp-≤-ßtfm A√. Hcp Znhy-bm-
Ym¿Yy-Øns‚ Ccp-]p-d-ß-fmbn Cl-˛-]-c-ßsf ImWp-hm-\p≈ aX-
t_m-[-amWv kXy-hn-izmkw hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-∂n-´p-≈-Xv. euIn-I-
Po-hnXsØ XymPy{Kmly hnth-N-\-]-Sp-X-tbmsS Aæ-ip-≤n°v hnt[-
b-am-°n-bmWv ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-Øn-te-°p≈ ]cn-{I-aWw \n¿h-ln-
°p-∂-Xv. CltemI-Po-hnXw ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-SpØn ]c-tem-
I-]-Y-Øn-te°v \ofp-tºmƒ am{Xta Pohn-X-Øns‚ Pb-]-cm-P-b-ß-
sf-°p-dn®v hn[n]d-bm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bnse Cu
A·n- ] - c o£- b n¬\n∂v B¿°pw amdn- \ n¬°pI km[y- a - √ . sXc-
s™-Sp-°-s∏´ a\p-jy-\mbn, thZ-{KŸw \¬I-s∏-´-h-\mbn, alm-a-
Xn-bmbn «mLn-°-s∏´ {]hm-N-I-s\-t∏mepw Ah-km\ \mfnse ]co-
£- I - f n¬\n∂v Hgn- h m- ° n- b n- c p- ∂ n√! AX- d n- b m- h p- ∂ - X p- s Im- ≠ mWv
Xs‚ hnS-hm-ß¬ {]kw-K-th-f-bn¬ Xs‚ ap∂n¬ XSn-®p-Iq-Snb P\-
k-l-{k-ß-tfmSv {]hm-N-I≥ Xs‚ PohnX ZuXy-Øns‚ \n¿h-l-
WsØ- ° p- d n®v A`n- { ]m- b - a m- c m- ™ - X v . ""Aßv ZuXyw bYm- h n[n
122
]q¿Øo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂v Ah-c-dn-bn-®-t∏mƒ {]hm-N-I≥ Xs‚

`mKym-Xn-tc-I-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\v kvXpXn ]d-™p.
]c-temIPohn-Xhpw Cltem-I-Po-hn-Xhpw ka-\z-bn-®mte Pohn-
X-]q¿WX ssIh-cn-I-bp-≈q-sh∂pw Pohn-X-Ønse kakvX Ne-\-
ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠∂pw kXyhnizmkn Dd-®p-I-cp-Xp-∂p.
Htc t\cØv ssZh-sØbpw ka-jvSn-sbbpw kvt\ln-°m≥ Ign-bpI
F∂-XmWv Ckvem-anI kwk-vIr-Xn-sb∂v Jp¿-B≥ \sΩ [cn-∏n-
°p- ∂ p. aX- s Øbpw cmjv{SsØbpw A`n- ∂ - a m- b n- ° m- W p∂
kwkvImcw Aß-s\-bmWv {]mZp¿`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.
euInIPohn- X sØ \n m- c - a mbn°mWp- I bpw AXn¬\n∂v
shfn°p NmSn {_“-]Zw tXSp-Ibpw sNøp∂ PohnX\n-tj-[n-Iƒ°v
Hcn-°epw tam£w ssIh-cn-I-bn-√. Imc-Ww, Ah¿°v Xßƒ tXSp∂
123
Cuiz-c-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√.

Dcp-f-t®mdp ssIhnń˛
´p≈w ssI \\-°p-thm-\n-h≥
F∂v ]©-Z-io-Im-c≥(-`mjm ]©-Z-in) ]d-™-Xp-t]mse Fhn-sStbm
sN∂v Ccp-fn¬ X∏p-I-bm-W-h≥. aX-sØbpw cmjv{So-b-sØbpw ka-
\z-bn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta ]q¿W-k-XysØ km£m-XvI-cn-°m\pw
AXns‚ A\p-Km-Xm-°-fmbn amdm\pw \ap°v km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q.
cmjv { So- b - Ø n¬\n∂v aXsØ am‰n\n¿Øp- t ºmƒ cmjv { Sobw
A[¿an-I-fp-sSbpw Ahn-th-In-I-fp-sSbpw Ah-ÿm-\-ambn ]cn-W-an-
°pw. cmjv{So-bsØ aX-Øn¬\n∂v Xń-b-I-‰p-tºmƒ aXw Pohn-X-K-
‘n-b-√mØ GtXm Ahy-‡m-i-b-ß-fpsS kz]v\-`q-an-I-bm-b-h-ti-
jn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn-\m¬ aXhpw cmjv{So-bhpw At`-Zy-ambn
h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ p. Cu khn- t ij ka- \ zbkwkv I mcw a‰p aX- ß - f n-
sem∂pw C{Xbpw i‡- a m- b n- ° m- W m≥ Ign- ™ n- ´ n- √ . aX- Ø ns‚
BXy-¥nI t_m[w ˛[¿a-t_m-[w-˛-cm-jv{So-b-Øn-te-°m-\-bn® aX-
Z¿i-\-ambn Ckvemw «mLn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
{kjvSm-hmb ssZhw ]ca-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw k¿h-i-‡-\p-am-Wv. F√m
Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw ssZhw hyXy-kvX-amb Pohn-X-N-cy-Iƒ Nn´-
s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. krjvSn-I-fn¬ DXvIrjvS ]Z-amWv ssZhw
a\p-jy\v \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ssZhw a\p-jy\v hnti-j-_p≤n IqSn
kΩm-\n-®p. ka-{k-jvS-ßsf tkhn-°m\pw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-te-°p-
b¿s∂-Øm\pw Ah\v am{X-amWv -i‡n kΩm-\n-®-Xv. a\p-jys‚
[¿ahpw ZuXyhpw t_m[y-s∏-SpØn Ahs‚ {]bmW ]Yw sXfn-
®p-Imń Ahs\ ]ng-°msX \bn-°m≥ ssZh-ln-X-Øns‚ h‡m-
°ƒ, kwhm-l-I¿ Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ P\-]-Z-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-ń-
´p-≠v. {]hm-NI]c-º-c-bn-eqsS {]Im-in-X-amb ssZhnI \nb-a-ß-
124
fpsS kap-®-b-amWv ico-AØv AYhm Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ. ico-AØv

F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw Xs∂ am¿Kw AYhm ssZhn-I-am¿Kw F∂m-
Wv . km¿Y- I - a mb a\p- j y- P o- h n- X - Ø n¬ kI- e - ⁄ - \ mb ssZhw
Hcp°ntb¬∏n® Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv ico-A-Øv.
""F√m hkvXp-°ƒ°pw Ah-bpsS krjvSn∏v \¬Ip-Ibpw ]ns∂
am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h\s{X Ah≥-'' (20: 50) F∂
Jp¿-B-\nI hN\w {]Xn-\n-[m\wsNøp∂ XØzw as‰m-∂-√. ico-
A-Øns‚ A\p-im-k-\-ßsf A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-I-sb-∂Xv Hcp kXy-
hn- i zm- k nsb kw_- ‘ n- t ®- S - t Ømfw Ae- w Ly- a mb [¿a- a m- W v .
ImcWw ""hn[nI¿ØrXzw A√m-lp-hn\pam{X-amWv.'' (6: 57)
""]ns∂ \mw aX-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ \n\-s°mcp ico-AØv G¿s∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXns\ \o A\p-K-an-°Ww. Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h-cpsS
X∂njvS-ßsf ]n≥]‰cp-Xv (45: 18) F∂pIqSn Jp¿-B≥ Bh-iy-s∏-
Sp-tºmƒ Hcp hnizm-kn-bpsS [m¿anI _m[yX A\p-‡-kn-≤-am-Wv.
ico- A - Ø ns‚ t{kmX v Jp¿- B \pw AXns‚ hni- Z o- I - c - W - a mb
kp∂Øpw BIp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ ico-A-Øns‚ bYm¿Y \ne {Kln-
°p-∂-Xn\v Jp¿-B-s\bpw AXns‚ hnh-c-W-amb kp∂-Øn-s\bpw
]n≥]‰n \S-°-Ww.
a\p-jy≥ Hcp kmaq-ly-Po-hn-bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw
ISa-Ifpw \n¿W-bn-°p∂ \nb-a-ß-fp-≠m-bn. AXv hf¿∂v hnI-kn®v
cmjv{Sm-¥-cob _‘-ß-sf-t∏mepw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ cmjv{S\nb-a-ß-
fp-ap-≠m-bn.
ico-AØv kz¬]w hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Ckvem-anI hnizm-k-a-\p-
k-cn®v ]q¿W Pohn-X-sa-∂Xv Cl-]-c-ß-fnse I¿a{]]-©-Øns‚
ka-\z-b-am-W-t√m. AXn-\m¬ {]m]-©n-I-Po-hn-X-Ønse hnhm-lw,
kmº-ØnI CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ, cmjv{S-`-c-Ww, in£-Iƒ XpSßn ]ctem-
I-Po-hn-XsØ IqSn D∂wsh®p≈ hnizm-kw, \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv,
kImØv F∂nh IqSn Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-XmWv apk¬ams‚ Pohn-X-
hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ. Cu hnj-b-ß-sf√mw ico-AØv ssIImcywsNøp-∂p.
Cßs\ ico-AØv km¿h-Im-en-I-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-f-Wn™ InS-
b‰ kºq¿W Pohn-XsØ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂-Xn-\m¬ ASn-ÿm\
hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Hcp am‰w Bh-iy-am-bn-h-cp-∂n-s√∂v Hcp apk¬am≥
hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Ckvem-anI icoAØv AYhm Pohn-X-hyhÿ {]hm-
NIPohn- X - Ø ns‚ Ccp- ] Ønaq∂v h¿jsØ Ime- b - f - h p- s Im≠v
hy‡-am-bn, ]q¿W-ambn shfn-hm-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw BZw apX-
125
ep≈ {]hm- N - I - a - \ - p- I - f n¬ hnf™ khn- t i- j m- i - b - ß - s f√mw

Ckv e mw kzmwio- I - c n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂pw ico- A - Ø ns‚ ]q¿W- X bpw
Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-Xzhpw {]tLm-jn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-I-bm¬ C\n as‰mcp
{]hm-N-Is‚ Xncp-hp-Z-b-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-s√∂pw Hcp kXyhn-izmkn ZrV-
ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
""C∂v Rm≥ \nßƒ°v \nß-fpsS aXw ]q¿Øo-I-cn®pXcnIbpw
Fs‚ A\p- { Klw \nßƒ°v kºq¿Wam- ° p- I bpw Ckv e m- a ns\
\nßƒ°v Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bmbn Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p''
(5: 3) F∂ kq‡w AXmWv shfn-hm-°p-∂-Xv.
Hcp kXy-hn-izm-knsb kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw ssZh-Z-Ø-am-bn- I-
cp- X - s ∏- S p∂ ico- A - Ø n- s \, Xs‚ Pohn- X - Ø ns‚ `c- W - L - S - \ sb
CjvSw t]mse sI´m\pw tXm∂p-tºmƒ Agn-s®mgn°m\pw A[n-
Imcw\¬Ip∂ Hcp sI´ \oXn-im-kv{X-am°n `¿’n-°m\pw A]-l-
kn-°m-\p-sam-cpsº-Sp-∂Xv Ahn-th-I-am-Wv.
a\pjy\∑-bmWv Ckvem-anI ico-A-Øns‚ hn`m-hnX e£yw.
ASn- ÿ m- \ - ] - c - a mb A©v Ah- I m- i - ß - f psS kwc- £ - W w AXv
tLmjn-°p-∂p. aXw, Poh≥, _p≤n, kzØv, k¥m\w F∂n-h-bm-
W-h. auenIw F∂v ]d-bm-hp∂ Cu ]©-in-em-J-fi-ß-fn-emWv
CkvemanI ico-AØv Db¿Ø-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ AXns‚ kwc-
£Ww a\pjy\∑-bpsS ]cn-th-j-a-Wn-™p-\n¬°p-∂p.
aXw a\p-jys\ h\y-amb arKm-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p-b¿Øp∂ hc-Zm-
\-am-sW∂ t_m[w apk¬ams‚ a\- n¬ ZrV-cq-V-am-Wv. Ahs‚
B¥-cn-I-tem-IsØ DW¿Øp-∂Xpw Ahs\ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-te-
°p∑p-J-\m-°p-∂Xpw Ahs‚ aX-t_m-[-am-Wv.- A-Xn-\m¬ hy‡n-
bpsS aX-ho-£-W-Øns‚ kzX-{¥Xbpw ]hn-{X-Xbpw Ckvemw apJy-
ambn ImWp-∂p. ""aX-Øns‚ hnj-b-Øn¬ bmsXmcp \n¿_-‘hpw
sNep-Øm≥ ]mSns√''∂pw (2: 256) ""aXa¿Z\w sIme-]m-X-I-sØ-
°mƒ ITn-\-amsW'' ∂pw (2: 191) {]tLm-jn-°p∂ kXy-Z¿i-\-Øns‚
AIws]mcp-fns\ hnIr-X-am-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv Ahn-th-I-am-Wv. Acm-
Xn-I-fpsS Ak-ln-jvWpXsIm≠m-bmepw Bcm-[-I-cpsS AXn-`-‡n-
sIm-≠m-bmepw AXv A£-¥-hy-am-Wv.
kmaqly am‰-amWv GXv am\-hnI Z¿i-\hpw hn`m-h\sNøp-∂-
Xv. Jp¿-B≥ CXn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-a-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv kXy-th-
Z-Øn¬ DS-\ofw P\w (A-∂m-kv) F∂ ]Zw \nd™p\n¬°p-∂Xv.
126
P\-ß-fn-emWv Jp¿-B≥ am‰-am-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Xms\m-‰-bn¬ {_“-

]Zw sImXn-°p∂ kmam-\y- am-\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂p Xo¿Øpw
hyXn-cn-‡-amWo kao-]-\w. {]hm-N-I≥ F∂pw kwkm-cn-®Xv P\-
ß-tfm-Sm-Wv. hnS-hm-ß¬ {]kwKw hsc {]hm-N-I≥ B \njvI¿j
]men-®n-´p-≠v. A∂-hnsS t\cn¬ kw_-‘n-°m≥ Ign-bmsXt]mb
P\-]-Z-ßƒ°pw Ime-K-Xn-bn¬ XpS¿∂p-h-cp-∂ P\-]-c-º-c°pw Xs‚
hN- p-Iƒ ssIam-d-W-sa∂v AhnsS°qSnb e£-Øn¬]cw hcp-∂-
h-tcmSv At±-l-a-`y¿Yn-®p.- P-\-ßsf ˛kmam\y P\-sØ˛ kmaq-ly-
]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ LS-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn® temI-Ønse
BZysØ aX-amWv Ckvemw. kaql kwhn-[m-\-Ønepw Ncn-{X-\n¿an-
Xn-bn¬Xs∂bpw {i≤n-°-s∏-tS≠ ASn-ÿm-\-L-SIw kmam-\y-P-\-
am- s W∂v BZy- a mbn I≠Xpw tLmjn- ® Xpw Ckv e m- a m- W v . CXv
\otj(Nietzshe)bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. πmt‰m-
hns‚ kao-]-\-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-cn-‡-am-Wv. Ftagvk¨ (Emerson)
hn`m- h \wsNbvX- X n¬\n∂v hn`n- ∂ - a mWv. CXv Ae- I vknkv
Imtd¬(Alexis Carrel) kz]v\wI≠-Xp-t]m-se-bp-a-√. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-
scbpw _p≤n-Po-hn-I-sf-bp-a√ Ckvemw ]cam-h-ew-_-am-bn-°-≠-Xv.
kmam-\y-P-\-Øn-emWv Ckvemw {i≤ tI{µo-I-cn-®-Xv.
\h-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-Wm¿Yw Nne¿ A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-sc-bm-Wm-
{i-bn-®Xv. Nne¿ kh¿W hn`m-KsØ. Nne¿ kº-∂sc. Nne¿ the-
°msc. a‰p Nne¿ kaq-l-Ønse GsX-¶n-ep-samcp P\-hn-`m-KsØ.
F∂m¬ kmaqlnI am‰-Øn\pw hnIm-k-Øn\pw ]c-a-amb LSIw
kmam\y P\-(-A-∂m-kv)amsW∂v Ckvemw hniz-kn-®p. PmXn-h¿K-
h¿W-t`Z-as\y kmam-\y-P-\-tØm-SmWv Ckvemw kwkm-cn-®-Xv. am‰-
Øn\v kaq-l-amWv {]mcw-`-I-Xz-sa-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. k^-e-amb, ÿmbn-
bmb am‰w AXp-hgn am{Xta km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. ""Hcp kaqlw kzbw
\∂m-hm≥ {ian-°m-Øn-S-tØmfw Imew A√mlp Ahsc \∂m-°p-
I-bn√''(13: 11). kaq-l-Ønse Hmtcm Bfl-I-Whpw Xs‚ am¿K-Øn¬
Fßs\ kv]µn®p F∂v ssZhw k{i≤w ho£n-°p-∂p-s≠∂ Jp¿-
B-\nI kqN\ (74: 38) B Zni-bn-te-°mWv hnc¬Nq≠p-∂-Xv. CXv
hy‡n-bpsS kmaqly _m[yX IqSn A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
\oXn-bn-eq-∂nb IpSpw-_˛kmº-ØnI kao-]\w
127
Ad_v kwkvImcw F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ tKmÃ^v et_mWn (1841-˛1931)

Cßs\ tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v : ""kv { Xohntam- N - \ - Ø n¬ Jp¿- B ≥
hln® ]¶v {Kln-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Ad-_n-I-fpsS kph¿W-bp-K-Øn¬
kv{XobpsS ÿnXn ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C∂sØ bqtdm-
∏n¬ kv{XoIƒ-°p≈ ÿm\-amWv A∂v kv{Xo°-hnsS D≠m-bn-cp-
∂-sX∂v Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fp-≠v. kvs]bv\nse Ad-_n-I-fn¬\n∂mWv
bqtdm∏v kZvKp-W-ßfpw kZm-Nm-c-ßfpw ]I¿Øn-b-Xv. kv{Xosb BZ-
cn- ° pI F∂ ioew bqtdm- ] y¿ Ad- _ n- I - f n¬\n∂mWv ]Tn- ® - X v .
Ckvem-am-Wv, {InkvXp-a-X-a√ kv{Xosb A[x]-Xn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂v
ssI]n-Sn-®p-b¿Øn-b-Xv.
Hc¿Y-Øn¬ kv{Xohntam-N-\-Øns‚ aXZ¿i-\-hp-amWv Ckvemw.
BXy-¥nI hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw ka-∑m-cm-Wv. AXn-
\m¬ Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Ckvemw XpeyX tLmjn-°p-∂p. kaq-l-Øns‚
cY-N-{I-ß-fmbn Ccp-h¿°pw kam\ {]mapJyw \¬Ip-∂p. F∂m¬
IpSpw-_-Øns‚ kzØ-h-Im-i-Øns‚ {]iv\w hcp-tºmƒ "]pcp-j\v
c≠v kv{XoI-fp-tS-Xn\v Xpey-amb Hml-cn-bp≠v' F∂ {]kvXmhw
Fßs\ km[p-hmIpw F∂v s]s´∂v tXm∂n-t∏m-Ipw. Hcp hni-I-
e\w ChnsS Bh-iy-am-bn-h-cp-∂p.
kaq- l - Ø ns‚ Ah- e w- _ - i n- e - b mWv IpSpw- _ w. `mcybpw
`¿Ømhpw tN¿∂-Xm-WXv. IpSpw-_-Øn¬ kwXr-]vXn-bp-s≠-¶nte
kaq-l-Øn¬ kzÿ-X-bp-≠m-hq. Jp¿-B≥ IpSpw_ t\XrXzw ]pcp-
j\p \¬In. IpSpw-_-Øn\v AIhpw ]pd-hp-ambn c≠v I¿a-X-e-ßƒ.
Krl-`-c-W-Øns‚ Npa-Xe kv{Xo°v. Ah-Im-i-ß-fnepw Npa-X-e-I-
fnepw `mcy-m`¿Øm-°-∑m¿°v Xpey-X. ""Ah-cpsS IS-a-Iƒ°v Xpeyw
\ymb-amb Ah-Im-i-ßfpw Ah¿°p-≠v. ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v Ah-sc-°mƒ
Hcp ]Zhn IqSp-X-ep-≠v.''
Iq´pIpSpw-_-Øn¬ AS°n`cn-°epw sNm¬∏-Sn°pIogn¬ ASn-
bm-fm°n \n¿Øepw \njn-≤-am-Wv. `mcy-m`¿Øm-°-∑m¿ ]c-kv]cw
AwKo- I - c n- ° p- I bpw At\ym\yw IS- a - I ƒ \nd- t h- ‰ p- I bpw sNøp-
tºmtg Iq´p-Po-hnXw km¿YI-am-Ip-∂p-≈q. At∏mƒ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v
Ah-tc-°mƒ Hcp ]Z-hn-bp≠v F∂-Xns‚ `mjy-sa-¥mWv?
DØcw Jp¿-B-\n¬ Xs∂-bp-≠v:
""]pcp- j - ∑ m¿ kv{XoI- f psS kc- £ I- c m- I p- ∂ p. A√mlp
a\pjycn¬ Nne¿°v a‰p-Nn-e-tc-°mƒ Ignhp \¬InbXn-\mepw ]pcp-
j-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS apX-ep-I-fn¬\n∂v sNe-h-gn-°p-∂Xn\m-ep-am-Wn-
128
Xv''(4: 34). CXn\v A∫mkv alvaqZv AJm-Zns‚ (Jp¿-B-\nI Z¿i\w

F∂ IrXn-bn¬) `mjyw Gsd bp‡n-`-{Z-am-bn-tØm-∂n. At±lw
hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p:
""{]h¿Ø-\-£-a-X-bn¬ ]pcp-j-k-l-P-amb ta∑bpw kmaq-ly-
cw-KØv Ah¿ \n¿h-ln-°p∂ ]¶pw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ hln-°p∂
`mc-hp-amWv Cu kwc-£W-Øn\v Ahs\ ka¿l-\m-°p-∂-Xv. Pohn-
X-k-a-c-Øn\v kv{Xotb-°mƒ IcpØv ]pcp-j-∂m-Wv. _p≤n-]-chpw
Imbn-I-hp-ambn ]pcp-j-t\mfw Ignhv kv{Xo°p-≠m-bm¬ Xs∂ K¿`-
Im-eØpw ape-bq-´¬ ImeØpw Cu ka-c-Øn¬\n∂v Ahƒ hn´p-
\n¬t°-≠n-h-cpw. Ahƒ°v D]-Po-h\w kºm-Zn®psImSp-°m\pw inip-
]-cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v Ahƒ°v th≠{X kabw \¬Im-\pw CXm-h-iyam-
Wv. Ahƒ°v hn{i-a-Øns‚bpw Km¿lnI kzÿ-X-bp-sSbpw am¿K-
ßƒ kpK-a-am-°p-hm\pw ]pcp-j∂mWv km[n-°pI.''
Cu ka¿Y-\-Øn\v A\p-]q-c-I-ambn ssiJv dioZv cnZm Cßs\
{]kv X m- h n- ° p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n: ""{]Xn- a mkw Hcm- g v N - ° mew B¿Øhw
aqew kv{Xo tZlm-kzm-ÿy-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂p. Zmº-Xy-Po-hnXw Hcp Iq´m-
bva-bm-sW∂ hkvXpX IqSn IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. GXp kaq-
l- Ø n\pw Hcp \mb- I ≥ thWw. hy‡n- I - f psS A`n- { ]m- b - ß fpw
Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw `n∂-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw. AXns‚ t]cn¬ ]c-kv]cw Ie-
ln®v sFIyhpw kam-[m-\hpw XI-cm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Hcp t\Xm-hns‚
A`n-{]m-b-a-\p-k-cn®v \oßn-tb- ]-‰q. s]mXp\∑°v AXv AXy-¥m-
t]- £ n- X - a m- W v . t\XrXzw hln- ° m≥ ]pcp- j - \ mWv IqSp- X ¬
ka¿l≥.''
IpSpw-_-\m-Y≥ F∂ ]Zhn Bh-iy-amtWm? IpSpw-_hpw kaq-
lhpw H∂n-e-[nIw t]cpsS kwLm-X-am-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬ Imcy-ßƒ
bYm-hn[n \S-Øn-°pI F∂-Xpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Npa-X-eIƒ \n¿h-ln-
°m≥ Hcp \n¿hm- l - I ≥ D≠m- b n- c n- ° - W w. B[p- \ nI
kaqlimkv{Xhpw AXm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. AØ-c-samcp ]Z-hn-bpsS
A`m-h-Øn¬ Xmfw kq£n-°p-hm\pw A®-S°w ]men-°p-hm\pw {]bm-
k-am-Wv. IpØ-gn™, Xmdp-am-dmb ZpxÿnXn hcpw. {Ia-Øn-e-hnsS
Acm-P-I-Xzw-˛-Ip-Spw_-]-c-amb Acm-P-I-Xzw˛ Ac-tß-dpw. AXn-\m¬
"ta¬°o-gvs®m√v' kq£n-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip∂ Hcp \mb-I≥ AXym-
h-iy-am-Wv. "sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏´ aXw' F∂ {KŸ-Ønse ]cm-a¿iw
t]mse \mb-IXzw Bsc-tb¬]n-°Ww F∂-Xm-Wv thW-sa-¶n¬
N¿®sNø-s∏-Sm-\p≈ {]iv\w.
129
IpSpw-_-\m-Y-\mbn H∂p-In¬ ]p-cp-j≥ As√-¶n¬ kv{Xo, AXp-

a-s√-¶n¬ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw Iq´m-bva.
`n∂ cpNn {]Ir-Xn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-sW-¶n-epw(-A-Yhm kuµ-
cy-am-sW-¶n-epw) {]tbm-K-cw-KØv AtXsd {]bm-k-ß-fp-≠m-°m-dp-
≠v. Iq´mbva kaq-l-Øns‚ i‡n-bm-sW-¶nepw kmc-Yy-Øn\v ]‰n-
b-X-√. kwL-S\m imkv{X-Øn¬ Iq´p-t\-XrXzw (Collective Lead-
ership) Bim-ky-a-s√∂pw Iq´mbn hnNm-c-hn-i-I-e\w km[n®v \n¿h-
l- W m- [ n- I mcw Hcm- f n¬ A¿∏n- ° pI F∂- X mWv Btcm- K y- I cw
F∂pw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. AhnsS hy‡n-t\-Xr-Xzw(Individual Leadership)
kap-ZbwsNøp-∂p. IpSpw_w Hcp bq\n-‰mbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ
AXnse hy‡n-I-sf√mw c£W`mcw Hcp-t]mse Itø‰v \S-ØWw
F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv BZ¿i-]-c-am-bn-tØm-∂m-sa-¶nepw {]tbm-K-£-a-a-
√. ""c£-b-¥n -]-c-kv]cw'' (A-t\ym\yw c£n-°p-∂p) F∂ \ne
]uc-t_m[w h√msX hf¿∂ {]_p≤ kaq-l-Ønte {]Xo-£n-°m≥
]‰q. IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \njv{In-bX hnf-bn-°p∂ PUn-I-Xtbm Npa-X-
e-I-fpsS t]cn¬ At\ym\yw X√p∂ Zpc-h-ÿtbm D≠m-h-cp-sX∂v
Ckvemw B{K-ln-°p-∂p.
kv{Xo, ]pcp-j≥˛Ch-cn¬ IpSpw-_m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\v BcmWv IqSp-
X¬ A\p-tbm-Py≥? AXpƒs°m-≈p∂ _m[y-X-Iƒ \nd-th-‰m-\m-
h-iy-am-bXv hnNm-ctam hnIm-ctam? hnNmcw F∂-XmWv hy‡-amb
DØ-cw. icn-bmb am¿K-Øn¬\n∂v Nn¥sb ImSp-I-b-‰p∂ Xo£vW-
amb sshIm-cn-I-X-bn¬\n∂-I∂v kwK-Xn-Isf \nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xv hnNm-
c-am-Wv. A∂n-e-bn¬ ]pcp-j-\mWv Xs‚ hnNmc{][m-\-amb {]Ir-
Xnbpw PohnXka-csØ t\cn-Sm\pw AXns‚ `mc-ß-sfbpw {]Xn-_-
‘-ß-sfbpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw Imc-W-ambn IpSpw-_-
\m-b-I-Xz-Øn\v kv{Xotb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ A¿l-s\∂v hy‡-am-Wv.
IpSpw_ \mb-I-Xz-sa-∂Xv IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-bp-sStbm ]c-kv]c
kl-I-c-W-Øn-s‚tbm \ntj-[-Øn¬\n∂v ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°p∂ H∂-√.
XnI™ ]c-kv]c [mc-W-bp-sSbpw i‡-amb kvt\l-_-‘-ß-fp-
sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ t\Xr-Xz-Ønt\ hnP-bn-°m≥ Ign-bq.
IpSpw-_-Øns‚ B`y-¥c cwKØv Cu ssNX\yw {]k-cn-∏n-°m-\p-
≈-XmWv Ckvem-ans‚ F√m \n¿tZi-ß-fpw. `n∂n-∏n-s‚bpw a’-c-
Øn- s ‚bpw ÿm\Øv kv t \lhpw kl- I - c - W hpw ]c- k v ] - c - [ m- c -
Wbpw hf¿Øp-hm-\m-W-Xm-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.
]n¥p-S¿®m kzØn¬ kv{XobpsS Ccń ]pcp-j\v \¬I-W-sa∂v
130
\n¿tZin-°p∂ aXXew kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bn-¬ XpeyX {]Jym-

]n-°p-∂p F∂-Xv hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-bn-tØm-∂n-tb-°mw. F∂m¬
kq£v a hni- I - e \w \ΩpsS [mcW Xncp- Ø m≥ klm- b n- ° pw.
"kv{Xobp-tS-Xns‚ Ccń' e`n-°p∂ ]pcp-j≥ H∂m-a-Xmbn `mcy°pw
c≠m-a-Xmbn IpSpw-_-Øn\pw th≠n Xs‚ kºØv sNe-h-gn-°m≥
_m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv. At∏mƒ IpSpw-_-]-c-amb I¿a-_m-[y-X-I-fn-√mØ
kv{Xo, kº-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw.-
_m-[yXItfsd hn[n®psIm≠mWv kº-Øns‚ hnln-X-°q-Sp-X¬
Ckvemw ]pcp-j\v \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. kv{Xosb-t∏mse aq∂n-sem∂v
am{X-a-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ssI∏-‰p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]pcp-j≥ IpSpw-_-
\m-Ys‚ _m[yX Fßs\ \n¿hln°pw Fs∂m-t∂m¿t°-≠-Xm-
Wv. Ckvem-anI hn[n-bpsS {]k-‡n At∏m-gmWv t_m[y-s∏-Sp-I.
km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ ]pcp-j≥ kºØv apgp-h≥ `mcy-bpƒs°m-
≈p∂ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn sNehv sNøp-∂p. `mcy
F{X henb -k-º∂bm-bmepw IpSpw-_-kw-c-£W _m[y-X-bn-√m-
Ø-Xp-sIm≠v AXn-te-°mbn H∂pw sNe-h-gn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂n-√. ]pcp-
j∂v Ah-fpsS kΩ-X-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-√msX AXn-semcp Nn√n t]mepw
D]- t bm- K n- ° m\pw hø. H∂p- a n- √ m- Ø - h ƒs°- ∂ - t ]mse Ahƒ°v
th≠Xp sNøm≥ ]pcp-j-≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv. Ah-\Xp sNøp-∂ns√-
¶n¬ AXn-s\-Xnsc ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sm≥ Ahƒ°-h-Im-i-ap-≠v. Ckvem-
anI \nbaw Ahƒ°-\p-Iq-e-ambn \n¬°p-∂p.
\oXn-bpsS shfn-®-Ønepw ]pcp-j\v e`n-°p∂ Af-hn¬ `qkzØv
t\Sm≥ kv{Xo A¿l-b-√. ImcWw Ah-fpsS F√m sNe-hp-Ifpw
hln-°m≥ ]pcp-j≥ _m[y-X-s∏-´-h-\m-Wv. kmº-ØnI _m[y-X-Iƒ
Gs‰-Sp-t°≠ kµ¿`-ßƒ Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®v kv{Xo°v
131
hnc-f-am-Wv.
Ahƒ ]p{Xn, `mcy, amXm-hv, ktlm-Zcn F∂n-ßs\ GX-h-ÿ-
bn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-tºmgpw A`n-ap--J-ambp≈ ]pcp-j≥˛]nXm-hv, `¿Øm-
hv, aI≥, ktlm-Z-c≥˛ Ahsf c£n-°m≥ IS-s∏-´-h-\m-Wv.
At∏mƒ kv{XobpsS IqSn sNehv hln-°m≥ _m[yX-s∏´ ]pcp-
j∂v Ccń kzØv sImSp-°p-∂-XmWv \oXn. kv{XobpsS kpc-£n-X-
Xz-Øn\p IqSn AXm-h-iy-am-Wv. kmº-ØnI Imcy-Øn¬ kv{Xo°pw
]pcp-j∂pw kam-\X \¬Inb Ckvemw ]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Im-i-Øn¬
kaXzw I¬]n- ° m- X n- c p- ∂ Xv Xo¿Øpw \oXn- ] q¿h- I - a m- W v . AXv
{]mtbm-Kn-I-Xz-Øns‚ \nZ¿i-\-hp-am-Wv. kv{Xo°v kmº-ØnI tijn-
bp- s ≠- ¶ nepw hnhm- l m- \ - ¥ cw `¿Ømhv sNe- h n\p sImSp- ° Ww
F∂mWv Ckve-manI hyh-ÿ. `¿Ømthm c£n-Xmthm Cs√-¶n¬
kv{Xo°v s]mXp-J-P-\m-hn¬\n∂v sNe-hn\v \¬I-Ww. Ipń-I-fpsS
sNehpw B coXn-bn¬ Xs∂. ]nXm-hnt\m ]nXm-hns‚ ho´p-Im¿t°m
BWv AXns‚ Npa-Xe. C°m-c-W-Øm-emWv ]pcp-j∂pw kv{Xo°p-
an-S-bn¬ kmº-ØnI k¥pen-Xm-hÿ \ne\n¿Øm\pw IpSpw-_-`mcw
t]dp∂ ]pcp-j-t\mSv A\oXn sNøm-Xn-cn-°m\pw Ckvemw kv{XobpsS
Ccń ]pcp-j\v hyhÿ sNbvXXv.
kv { Xo]pcp- j - ∑ m¿°n- S - b n¬ kºq¿W ka- X z- a m- W v Ckv e mw
I¬]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. {]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb tbmKy-X-Iƒ, ss\]p-Wyw, _m[y-
X-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn-ep≈ hyXym-kta kv{Xo]pcp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bn-ep≈q.
am\p-jn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hyXym-k-ta-Xp-an-√. aX-]-chpw Bflo-b-
hp-ambn ""BtWm s]tÆm Bh-s´, bYm¿Y hnizm-kn-bm-bn-s°m≠v
Bcv k¬°¿a-a-\p-jvTn-®mepw kz¿K-{]-th-i-Øn\v ka¿lX e`n-
°pw, AhtcmSv H´pw A\oXn ImWn-°p-Ibn√.''(A-∂n-km-Av: 124)
DS-am-h-Im-i-Ønepw [\-hn-\n-a-bm-h-Im-i-Ønepw kv{Xo]pcpj t`Z-
132
an-√.
""]pcp-j-∑m¿ kºm-Zn-®-Xns‚ hnlnXw Ah¿°p≠v. kv{XoIƒ
kºm-Zn-®-Xns‚ hnlnXw Ah¿°pw.''(A-∂n-km-Av: 32)
]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Im-i-Øn¬ kv{XobpsS Ccń ]pcp-j\p \¬In-bXv
Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]pcp-j≥ hln-°m≥ _m[y-X-s∏´ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ
]cn-K-Wn-®m-Wv. hnhm-ln-X-\mb tijw `mcy-bp-sSbpw Ipń-I-fp-sSbpw
IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚bpw apgp-h≥ `mchpw hln-t°-≠Xv ]pcp-j-\m-Wv.
{Inan-\¬ \jvS-]-cn-lm-chpw {]mb›n-Øhpw \¬tI-≠Xpw Ah≥
Xs∂. CsX√mw sIm≠v ]pcp-j≥ kv{XobpsS Ccń hmßp-∂-Xn\v
\oXoI-c-W-ambn hnhm-ln-Xtbm hn[-htbm Bb GX-h-ÿ-bnepw
kv{XobpsS `£-W-Øn\pw a‰m-h-iy-ßƒ°pw hyhÿ sNbvXn-´p-
≠v. hnhm-ln-X-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahsf c£n-°m≥ `¿Øm-hp-≠v. hoń-
en- c n- ° p- ∂ - h - t fm hn[- h tbm BsW- ¶ n¬ Ah- I miwInńb [\w
{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. c≠p-t]-cp-sSbpw _m[y-X-I-fn-ep≈ hyXym-k-
amWv A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-Øns‚ A¥-c-Øn\v \nZm-\w.
C\n [\-hn-\n-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn®v kz¬]w: Du\-a‰ ka{K kmº-
ØnI Z¿i\w t]mse, Ckv e mw kº- Ø ns‚ kakv X taJ- e - I -
sfbpw ]cy-th-£-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. [¿aam¿K-Øn-eqsS
t\Snb A¿Y-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Imaw km[n-°p-∂-h\v tam£w ssIh-
cp∂p F∂ ]pcp-jm¿Yß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ sslµh kao-]\w t]mse
\nbahnt[-b-amb am¿K-Øn-eqsS ssIh-cp∂ [\-Øns‚ DS-am-h-
Imiw Ckvemw \ntj-[n-°p-∂n-√. [\w kq£n-°epw [\-hn-\n-tbm-
K-Øn¬ ep_v[vImWn-°epw kzm`m-hn-I-am-sW∂v Ckvemw kqNn-∏n-
°p-∂p. ""lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ]nip°v IpSn-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-ń-cn°p∂p'' F∂
hN\w AXn\p km£y- a m- W v . "Ft‚Xv , \nt‚Xv ' F∂ Nn¥
A¬]a\- p- I - f p- t S- X m- s W∂pw DZmca\- p- I ƒ°v temI- a mWv
IpSpw_w F∂pw \ma-dn-bp-∂p-sh¶nepw PohnX bmYm¿Yy-ß-fn-te°v
ItÆm-Sn-®m¬ kzk¥m-\-ßƒ°p th≠n Icp-Xn-sh-°m-\p≈ B{K-
lhpw a‰pw P\-km-am-\y-Øns‚ klP {]Ir-X-am-sW∂v ImWm≥
Ign- b pw. Cu bmYm¿Yy- Ø n- t e°v Jp¿- B ≥ hnc¬Nq≠n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v .
k¥m-\-ßƒ°mbn kw`-cn®p sh°p∂ [\w kº-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬
\nt£-]n-°-s∏´ A[zm-\-am-sW-∂mWv Ckvemw Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. AXn-
\m¬ AXv \ntj-[n-°-s∏-´-X-√. F∂m¬ hy‡n-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-Z-Øhpw
[¿am-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb A`n-em-j-ßƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂Xn\pw kaq-
l-Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ ]cnc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw t]mcp∂ \nb-{¥-W-ßfpw
133
\nba\njvI¿j-Ifpw Ckvemw hc-s®m-cp-°n-bn-´p-≠v.

""A√m- l p- h nepw Ahs‚ ZqX- \ nepw hniz- k n- ° p- I . Ah≥
\nßsf {]Xn- \ n- [ n- I - f m- ° nb kº- Ø n¬\n∂v \nßƒ sNe- h - g n-
°pIbpw sNøpI'' (A¬l-ZoZv: 7) F∂ kq‡w hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂Xp
t]mse [\-hn-\n-tbmK kµ¿`-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I-\n-eqsS Ah-Xo¿W-
amb ssZh-lnXw hnkva-cn-°-cp-Xv. hy‡n-bpsS t`mK-tem-ep-]hpw N]-
e-hp-amb lnXm-ln-X-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-b√ [\-hn-\n-tbmKw \S-t°-
≠-Xv. kº-Øns‚ k¿hm-[n-Im-cn-bmb ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv
Xms\t∂m¿Øp thWw Hmtcm Nn√nbpw sNe-hm-°m\pw \mtf-°p-
th≠n kzcq-]n-°m-\pw. kmaqly {]tbm-P\ {]h-W-amb hn`m-h-\-I-
tfm-sS-bmWv ssZhw kº-Øns\ a\p-jys‚ Iøn-te¬]n-®-sX∂
sXfn™ t_m[ytØmsS thWw [\-hn-\n-tbmKw km[n-°p-hm≥.
[\w kzcq-]n-°p-∂-Xm-hs´ Xs‚ hy‡n[¿a-ßƒ ]q¿W-ambpw \n¿h-
ln®v an®w hcp-∂-Xp-am-h-Ww.
kº-Øns‚ Zpcp-]-tbmKw t]mse Xs∂ \ncp-]-tbm-Khpw A[¿a-
am-Wv. Hcn-SØv Ip∂pIqSp∂ kºØv kmaq-ly-amb Akw-Xr-]vXn°v
Imc-W-am-Ipw. ico-c-Øns‚ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp `mKØv tiJ-cn-°-s∏-
Sp∂ t]mj-I-ßƒ t]mse hn\m-i-Im-cn-bm-W-Xv. Af-h‰ [\w hy‡n-
bpsS [¿a- t _m- [ sØ inYn- e - a m- ° p- I bpw Acp- X m- b v a - I - f n- t e°v
Ahs\ \bn- ° p- I bpw sNøpw. temI- Ø p- ≠ m- b n- s °m- ≠ n- c n- ° p∂
kmaq-ly-Xn-∑-I-fpsS Dd-hnSw kº-Øns‚ A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb A[n-
I-Xbpw X÷-\y-amb AXn-t`m-K-Xz-hp-am-sW∂v kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-⁄-
∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. aZy-]m-\hpw ab-°p-a-cp-∂ns‚ D]-tbm-
Khpw hy`n-Nm-chpw NqXm-´-hp-sa√mw AhnsS ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°pw; {]hr-
≤-am-Ipw. kaq-l-Øns‚ k¥p-en-XXzw \jvSs∏Sp-∂Xpw [\-{]-a-Ø-
X-sIm-≠m-Wv.
[¿am-h-ew-_n-bmbn cq]-I¬]\ sNbvX kap-Zmb in¬]-Øns‚
ASn-∏-S-hn-f-°m≥ t]mcp-amdv Zp»-‡n-bp-d™p\n¬°p-∂-XmWv A\n-
b- { ¥n- X - a mbn hf¿∂phcp∂ [\- t I- { µo- I - c - W w F∂- d n- ™ p- s Im-
≠mWv Ckv e mw kwkv I rXn AXn- s \- X nsc \nXm¥ Pm{KX
]pe¿Øn-t∏m-cp-∂Xv. Ckvemw DS-am-h-Im-isØ \ntcm-[n-°p-∂n-√.
F∂m¬ AXns‚ A\n-b-{¥n-X-am-b, A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-amb {]hr-≤n-
sbbpw tI{µo-I-c-W-sØbpw XS-bm≥ {ian-°p-∂p.
""kºØv \nß- f n- s e [\n- I - c n¬ am{Xw Id- ß m- X n- c n- ° m≥
th≠n.....'' (A¬liv¿: 7)
134
kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ [\nIZcn{Z t`Z-at\y a°-bn¬\n∂v aZo-\-bn-

te-°v ]em-b\w sNbvX-t∏mƒ Ah-cp-sS- ssII-fn¬ Icp-Xn-bn-cn-
∏pIsfm-∂pap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hgn™ Iøp-am-sb-Ønb aplmPndp-Isf
lrZ- b - ] q¿hw kzmKXwsNbvX A≥kzmdpIƒ, Xß- f psS
ÿmhcPwKa kzØp°ƒ°v Ah-sc- Hcpt]mse ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°n.
Ncn-{X-]-Y-Ønse Hc-]q¿h-X!
""Xßfp-sS-b-Sp-°¬ kztZiw hn´p -h-∂-hsc Ah¿ kvt\ln-°p-
∂p. Ah¿°p sImSpØ kº-Øn¬ Ah¿ B{Klw sh°p-∂n-√.
Ah¿°v Bh- i y- a p- s ≠¶n¬ t]mepw - A - h ¿ kz¥- t Ø- ° mƒ
A\y¿°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip∂p'' F∂mWv BZ¿i-Øm¬ Bth-in-
X- a mb B khn- t ij at\m- ` m- h sØ Jp¿- B ≥(A¬liv ¿ : 9)
Io¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Imew Iptd Ign-™p. A≥kzm-dnse kº-∂¿°pw
aplm-Pn-dp-Iƒ°pw XΩn-ep≈ kmº-Øn-I-amb A¥cw IqSn-h∂p.
kmaq-ly-amb k¥p-en-XXzw \jvS-s∏-´Xp t]mse tXm∂n. kmº-
Øn-I-amb Xmf-∏ng Ckvem-anI k¶¬]-Øn-ep≈ kaql kwhn-
[m-\-Øns‚ s]mena sISp-Øn-tb-°ptam F∂v {]hm-N-I-\m-i-¶n-®p.
Hcn-°¬IqSn A≥kzm-dns‚ \√ a\- n-\p-th≠n At]-£n-°p-∂Xv
`wKn-b-s√∂p IcpXn hnj-an-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p {]hm-N-I≥. At∏m-gmWv
_\p∂-Zo¿ kw`hw \S-∂-Xv. `mKy-h-im¬ bp≤-ap-≠m-bn-√. DS-º-Sn-
b-\p-k-cn®v _\p-∂-Zo¿ tKm{X-°m-cpsS kºØp apgp-h≥ apl-ΩZv
\_n°v e`n-®p. A\pimkn-°-s∏´ hyh-ÿ-b-\p-k-cn®v bp≤-ap-≠m-
°msX i{Xp-°-fn¬\n∂v e`n-°p∂ kºØv A√m-lp-hn\pw dkq-
en-\p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv-. -bp≤w \S-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ kº-Øn¬ A©n¬ \mev
`mKw tbm≤m-°ƒ°pw Ah-ti-jn® A©n¬ Hcp `mKw A√m-lp-
hn\pw dkq-en\pw F∂mWv hn[n. CXv ssZh-Z-Ø-amb Hc-hkc-am-
sW∂p Icp-Xnb {]hm-N-I≥ A≥kzmdn\pw aplm-Pn-dp-Iƒ°p-an-S-
bn¬ A{X-sb-¶nepw kmº-ØnI kaXzw km[n-°s´ F∂p IcpXn
kºØv apgp-h≥ aplm-Pn-dp-Iƒ°v \¬In; A≥kzm-dn¬ Xmc-X-tay\
]mh-ß-fmb c≠p-t]¿°pw.
Cu \S-]-Snsb Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. ""cmPyhmkn-
I-fn¬\n∂v A√mlp Xs‚ ZqX∂v bp≤-sam-gn-hm°n hmßn-s°m-SpØ
[\w A√m-lp-hn\pw Ahs‚ ZqX∂pw Xs‚ ASpØ IpSpw-_-Øn\pw
A\m-Y¿°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw hgn-bm-{X-°m¿°pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-
Wv. [\w [\-nI¿°n-S-bn¬ am{Xw IdßnØncn-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n.
{]hm- N - I ≥ \nßƒ°v \¬In- b Xv kzoI- c n- ° p- I bpw hne- ° n- b Xv
h¿Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. A√m-lp-hns\ kq£n-°p-I. A√mlp ITn-
135
\- a mbn in£n°p∂- h - \ m- W v. kz`- h - \ - ß - f n¬\n∂pw kzØp-

°fn¬\n∂pw _ln-jvIr-X-cmbn ]em-b\w sNbvX ]mh-ßƒ°p-≈-
Xm-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ s]mcp-Øhpw A\p-{K-lhpw Imw£n-®mWv
AXv sNbvX-Xv. Ah¿ A√m-lp-hn-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\bpw klm-
bn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cmWv kXy-hm-∑m¿.''(A¬liv¿: 7, 8).
IpSpw_˛kaql _m[y-X-Iƒ
Hcn-°¬ ssZhw kIe krjvSn-I-sfbpw hnfn®ptN¿Øv Cßs\
Adn-bn-®p: ""Fs‚ ssIhiw Hcp \n[n-bp-≠v. Rm\Xv \nßƒs°-
√m-ambn kΩm-\n-°m≥ t]mhp-I-bmWv.'' a\p-jy-s\m-gn®v as‰-√m-hcpw
Htc i_vZ-Øn¬ Xß-fpsS hn{]-Xn-]Øn {]I-Sn-∏n®p. At∏m-ƒ a\p-
jy≥ Cßs\ {]Xn- I - c n- ® p: ""kI- e - ⁄ - \ mb ssZhta, Rm\Xv
kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≈mw.''
136
ssZhw kw-{]o-X-\mbn. ssZh-kr-jvSn-I-fmb kIe Ncm-N-c-ß-

fmepw \ncm-I-cn-°-s∏´ \n[n. AsX-¥m-sW-∂-dn-bp-Itbm Adn-bm-
\p≈ DtZzKw ImWn-°p-Itbm sNømsX a\p-jy≥ ImWn® hnth-
I- Ø ns‚ XnI- h nepw ssZh- Ø n- e p≈ ZrV- a mb hnizm- k - Ø nepw
kw{]o-X-\mb ssZhw \n[n a\p-jysc G¬]n-®-\p-{K-ln-®p. Jp¿-B≥
hy‡-am-°n-b-Xp-t]mse a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øns‚ `qan-bnse {]Xn-]p-
cp- j ≥ am{X- a - √ , \n[n- k q- £ n- ∏ p- I m- c ≥ IqSn- b m- W v . (- ] e Zm¿i- \ n-
I≥amcpw hymJym-Xm-°fpw B \n[nsb `n∂-co-Xn-bn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-
®n-´p-≠v. {]Xn-`m-i‡n AYhm hntij-_p≤n-bmWs{X ssZhw a\p-
jys\ `c-ta¬]n-®-Xv.)
ss\k¿KnI hmk-\-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-˛-P-∑m-b-Ø-hn-Im-c-ßƒs°-Xn-
sc-˛-{]XnIcn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv Poh-cm-in-I-fn¬ a\p-jy\p am{X-am-bp≈
khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. kky-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ°pw P¥p-h¿K-ßƒ°pw CXv
km[y-a-√. c≠p-Zn-hkw `£Ww Ign-°m-Xn-cn-°m-sa∂v Nn¥n-°m≥
Hcp arK- Ø n\v Ign- b ptam? ZpxJm¿Ø- a mbn Hcp kky- Ø n\v
BflXymKw sNøm- s \m- ° n- √ . arK- Ø n- \ p- a Xv hø. krjv S n- b psS
t\cØv Dt±- i n- ° - s ∏- ´ - X n¬\n∂v hyXy- k v X - a mbn ]£narKm- Z n-
Iƒs°m∂pw {]Xn-I-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. a\p-jy\v AsXms° Ign-bpw.
Ah km[n-°m≥ Ahs\ Icp-Ø-\m-°p-amdv Ah-\n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-
∂Xv hntij_p≤n-bm-Wv. \√-h-t\m Zpjn-®ht\m Bbn-Øo-cm\p≈
kzmX-{¥y-a-h-\p-≠v. aÆmbn amdm\pw tZh k∂n-`-\m-bn-Øo-cm\pw
Ah\v Ignbpw. \nbm-a-Iw Ahs‚ Nn¥m-i-‡nbpw hnti-j-_p-≤n-
bp-am-Wv. ssZhw Ahs\ G¬]n® G‰hpw henb kºØv Ahs‚
hnti-j-_p-≤n-bm-Wv.
ssZh-Øns‚ hc-Zm-\-amb hnti-j-_p-≤nsb hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-
Xn-\m-h-iy-amb Du¿Phpw kzmX-{¥yhpw ssZhw Xs∂ Ah\v kΩm-
\n-®n-´p-≠v. At∏mƒ hnti-j-_p-≤n-bpsS hn\n-tbm-Kw, AXv \∑-bn-
te- ° m- b mepw Xn∑- b n- t e- ° m- b mepw ssZh- \ n- t j- [ - a - √ . ]t£,
137
ssZh{]oXn hnti-j-_p-≤n-bpsS hnth-I-]q¿h-amb hn\n-tbm-K-Ønepw

hninjvS am¿K-Øn-eq∂n ssZh-k-∂n[n ]qIm-\p≈ {ia-Ønepw am{X-
am-Wv. \∂m-hm\pw \in-°m-\p-ap≈ kzmX-{¥ya-h-\p-≠v. F∂m¬
hnti-j-_p-≤n-bpsS t\cmwhÆ-ap≈ hn\n-tbm-K-Øn-emWv Ahs‚
hnth-Ihpw kwkvIm-chpw hnP-bhpw IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.
kmam-\ym¿Y-Øn-e-√m-sX, kq£va-X-e-Øn¬ a\p-jy¿ ka-∑m-c-
√. "`n∂-cp-Nn¿ln-temIx' F∂ sNm√v A¿Y-]q¿Ww. `n∂cpNn AYhm
sshhn[yw ssPhnI {]Ir-X-am-Wv. AhnsS kaXzw B{K-ln-°p-
∂Xpw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xpw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. {]mIr-Xn-I-am-bn,
ssZhn-I-ambn ssIh∂ hyXy-kvX-X-I-fm-W-h. B hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ
kq£n- ° p- t ºmƒ Xs∂ a\p- j y¿ ]c- k v ] cw ktlm- Z - c - ß - f m- W v .
XSn® a\p-jy-s\∂ henb ktlm-Z-c\pw saen™ a\p-jy-s\∂
sNdnb ktlm-Z-c-\p-an√; a\pjy ktlm-Z-c¿ am-{Xw. kmtlm-Z-cy-
amWv kXyw.
Cu al- Ø mb kXy- Ø ns‚ sXfn™ ]›m- Ø - e - Ø n¬
kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Xpey-cmWv. ]pcm-X-\-tem-I-Ønse hnizm-k-
ßƒ°pw [mc-W-Iƒ°p-sa-Xnsc Ckvem-ap-b¿Ønb ap{Zm-hm-Iy-am-
W- X v .
hy‡nkzmX-{¥ysØ sR°n-sR-cp-°n-sbm-Xp-°p∂ Hcp Z¿i\
hntij-a√ Ckvemw. hy‡nkzmX-{¥ysØ G‰hpw kz—-amb coXn-
bn¬ Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. hy‡nkzmX-{¥y-tØm-sSm∏w IpSpw-
_- t ØmSpw kaq- l - t Øm- S p- a p≈ hy‡n- b psS IS- ∏ mSpw Ckv e mw
\njvI¿jn-°p-∂p-≠v. hy‡n°v Xt∂mSp Xs∂bpw IpSpw-_-tØmSpw
kaq-l-tØmSpw kaq-l-Øn\v a‰p kaq-l-ß-tfmSpw Xe-ap-d°v hcpw
Xe-ap-d-I-tfmSpw _m[y-X-I-fp-s≠∂v Ckvemw A\p-kva-cn∏n-°p-∂p.
kaq- l - Ø ns‚ Npa- X - e - t _m- [ - a p≈ Imh¬°m- c - s \∂ \ne- b n¬
kmaqly Xm¬]cyw kwc-£n-°m≥ hy‡n°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-≠v.
kap-{Z-Ønse I∏-emWv a\p-jy-k-aq-l-sa∂pw kmaq-ly-c-£-°p-Ø-
c-hmZn AXnse Hmtcm bm{X-°m-c-\pam-sW∂pw Ckvemw Icp-Xp-∂p.
hy‡nkzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ t]cn¬ I∏-en¬ X\n-°-h-Im-i-s∏´ `mKw
s]mfn-°m≥ Bcpw apXn-cp-I-bn-√-t√m. {]_p-≤-amb ]uc-t_m[w DZm-
Ø-amb IpSpw-_-k-aq-l-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn\v F{X-ta¬ A\p-t]-£-Wo-
b-am-sW∂pw Ckvemw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬, \∑-
bpsS `mKØp \n∂psIm≠v hy‡n-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-t°≠Xv
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
138
""]pWy-Ønepw ssZh-`-‡n-bnepw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-I-fm-hp-I.

]m]-Ønepw ]cm-{I-a-Ønepw ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-I-fm-Im-Xn-cn-°pI.''
(5: 2)
""\nß-fm-sc-¶nepw Acp-Xm-ØXp h√Xpw I≠m¬ ssIsIm≠v
AXns\ XS-b-Ww. AXn\p Ign-bmØ ]£w \mhp-sIm≠v. AXn\pw
139
Ign-bn-s√-¶n¬ a\- psIm-≠v. hnizm-k-Øns‚ G‰hpw Xmgv∂ ]Sn-

bm-WXv.'' (apkvenw)
kaq-l-Øn¬ \S-am-Sp∂ Hmtcm A[¿a-Øns‚ t]cnepw AXn¬
`mK-`m-°p-Ifpw A√m-Ø-h-cp-amb Hmtcm t]cpw tNmZywsNø-s∏-Spw.
ImcWw kaq-l-sa∂Xv A`n-∂hpw Ahn-—n-∂-hp-amb Hcp {]Xn-`m-
k-am-Wv. Hcp alm ss\c-¥-cy-am-Wv. Htc-I-X-bm-Wv. A[¿aw AXns\
A]-I-S-s∏-SpØpw. AXp-sIm≠v kaq-l-Øns‚ kwc-£-Whpw {]Xn-
tcm-[hpw hy‡n-bpsS Aew-Ly-amb _m[yX-bmbn amdp-∂p.
kaq-l-Øn¬ ASp-Øm-bmepw AI-e-Øm-bmepw A[¿a-Øns‚
emRvO-\ -Im-Wp-tºmƒ AXn-s\-Xnsc kS-Ip-S-bm-\p≈ Bfl-ho-
cyhpw [m¿anI _m[y-Xbpw hniz-m-kn-bn¬ Ckvemw {]Xo-£n-°p-
∂p. AXv Xs∂ t\cn´v _m[n-°p-∂n-√-t√m F∂ ań¬, A[¿a-tØmSv
]uc≥ \n w-KX ImWn-°m≥ Hcpßp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Zp¿h-l-amb
A]-cm-[-Øn\v Ah≥ hnt[-b-\m-Ipw. B jfi-amb \n w-K-X,
\njv{In- b Xzw Ahs\ Hcp IdpØ ]m]- ° - d - t ]mse ]n¥p-
S¿∂psImt≠-bn-cn-°pw. ImcWw F√m-h-cmepw kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS≠
H∂mWv kaq-lw-. Ir-Xy-hn-tem-]sØ [¿a-Nyp-Xn-bmbpw ssZhm-\p-
im-k-\-ß-fpsS ewL-\-ambpw Ckvemw ImWp-∂p.
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m¿ ]c-kv]cw kl-mbn-I-
fm-Wv. Ah¿ \∑- I¬]n-°p-∂p. Xn∑ XS-bp-∂p.'' (9: 71)
Ai-c-W-scbpw A\m-Y-scbpw c£n-°m\pw Ah-cpsS kpc-£n-
XXzw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm\pw Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ Bbp-[-sa-Sp-t°≠n hcpw.
""\nß-sf¥p-sIm≠v ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ bp≤wsNøp-∂n√? a¿Zn-
X-cmb ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw kv{XoIƒ°pw Ipń-Iƒ°pw th≠nbpw.'' (4:
75)
AK- X n- I - f psSbpw A\m- Y - c p- s Sbpw PohnX `{Z- X - s b- ° p- d n®v
140
aplΩZv \_n kq£n-®p-t]m∂ DXvIWvT A]m-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

""hn[-h-I-fp-sSbpw AK-Xn-I-fpsSbpw tkh-\-Øn¬ \nc-X-\m-b-
h≥ ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ kacw sNøp-∂-h-s\-t∏m-setbm cm{Xn \n∂v
\a-kvI-cn-°pIbpw ]I¬ t\cØv t\mº-\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
h-s\-t∏m-setbm AIp-∂p.'' (_pJm-cn-, apkvenw)
kap-Zm-b-Ønse Ai-c-W¿°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Bh-iy-am-bXp
sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°m-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw kap-Zm-b-Øn-\m-Wv. kImØv
kw`-cn®v AXns‚ Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ hnfw_whn\m hnX-cWw
sNø-W-sa∂v Ckvemw kwkvIrXn i‡-am-b-mh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXpw
aXn-bm-ImsXh∂m¬ th≠{X kwJy- D-≈-h-cn¬\n∂v \n¿_-‘-
]q¿hw kw`-cn-°-Ww. kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ Hcp hy‡n Hcp Znhkw ]ńWn
InS-t°-≠n-h-∂m¬, Ah∂v `£Ww \¬Im≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂n-s√-
¶n¬ Bh-iy-amb ]cn-lm-c-am¿Kw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬ Aew-`mhw Im´p-
I-bm-sW-¶n¬ kap-Zm-b-amsI Ip‰-`mcw t]td-≠n-h-cpw. C°m-cy-Øn-
ep≈ Jp¿-B-\nI ]cm-a¿iw {it≤-bw:
""Imcyw Aß-s\-b-√. \nßƒ A\m-Ysb ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂n-√. AK-
Xn°v A∂w\¬Im≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p-an-√. ]mc-º-cy-am-bn-°n-ńb kzØv
hmcn-°qń shńhngp-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. [\sØ \nßƒ AXn-c‰v
kvt\ln-°p-∂p. AX√, `qan-bmsI CSn®p \nc-∏m-°p-Ibpw, \ns‚
\mY\pw AWn-b-Wn-bmbn ae-°p-Ifpw hcn-I-bpw, A∂v \c-IsØ
\nß-fp-sS-b-Sp-tØ°v sIm≠p-h-cpIbpw sNøp-tºmƒ; A∂v a\p-jy\v
F√mw Hm¿a-h-cpw. At∏mƒ Hm¿Øn-s´¥p Imcyw? Ah≥ ]dbpw:
"Atøm, Fs‚ Cu Pohn-X-Øn-\mbn Rm≥ t\csØ Fs¥-¶nepw
sNbvXpsh°-W-am-bn-cp∂p!' A∂m-fn¬ A√mlp in£n°pw hn[w
a‰mcpw in£n-°p-I-bn-√. Ah≥ ]nSn-®p-sI-´p-tºmse a‰mcpw ]nSn-®p-
sI-´p-I-bpan-√.'' (89: 17-˛26)
""GsX-¶nepw \mń¬ Hcp a\p-jy≥ hni∂pIgn-tb-≠n-h-∂m¬
A∂m-´p-Imsc c£n®pt]mcp∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øn¬\n∂v A√mlp
Hgn-hm-bn'' F∂ lZokv F{X-am{Xw A¿Y]q¿W-amWv!
""IqSp-X¬ hml-\-ap-≈-h¿ hml-\-ta-Xp-an-√mØh¿°v \¬Is´.''
(apkvenw, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv)
""c≠m-fp-I-fpsS `£-W-Øn\v aq∂m-a-sXm-cmsf Iq´p-I. \mem-
fpsS `£-W-Øn\v A©m-a-sXm-cm-sf-bpw.''(_p-Jmcn, apkvenw)
""kaqlw Hcp ico-cw-t]m-se. Hc-h-b-h-Øn\v h√Xpw ]nW-™m¬
141
icocw apgp-h≥ ]\n-]n-Sn®v Dd-ßmsX AXn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂p.''(_p-

Jmcn, apkvenw)
""hnizm-kn-Iƒ Hcp sIńSw t]mse. AXns‚ `mK-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw
i‡n-s∏-SpØpw.'' (_p-Jmcn, apkvenw)
""At∏mƒ Bcv AXn-{Iaw ImWn-°p-Ibpw CltemI -Po-hn-X-
Øn\v Af- h ‰ {]m[m\yw \¬Ip- I bpw sNøp- ∂ pthm Ahs‚
kt¶Xw IØn- ° m- f p∂ \c- I - Ø o- b m- W v . F∂m¬ Bcv Xs‚
\mYs‚ ]Z-hnsb t]Sn-°p-Ibpw a\- ns\ imco-cn-tI-—-I-fn¬\n∂v
hne°n\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂pthm Dd-∏mbpw Ahs‚ aS°ÿm\w
kz¿K-am-Wv.'' (79: 37˛41)
""\ns‚ \mY≥ hn[n-®n-cn-°p∂p: \nßƒ Ah\v am{Xw hgn-s∏-Sp-
I. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v \∑ sNøp-I. Ah-cn¬ Hcmtfm c≠pt]cptam
hm¿[Iyw _m[n®v \nt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Ah-tcmSv "sO' F∂p
t]mepw ]d-b-cpXv. ]cp-j-ambn kwkm-cn-°-cp-Xv. Ah-tcmSv BZ-c-thmsS
kwkm-cn-°p-I.'' (17: 23)
Ad-^-bpsS A¿Ykº-∂X
Ckvem-anI Ncn{X]Y-Øn¬ AXy¥w {it≤-b-amWv Ad-^. a°-
bn¬\n∂v Dt±iw Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂v Intem-ao-‰¿ Ing-°m-bn- In-S-°p-
∂, IjvSn®v Ccp-\q-dSn Db-c-ap≈ Hcp Ip∂v. Ad-^mØv F∂ ka-
Xe `qan- I - b n- e mWv Ad^- b psS Ah- ÿ m- \ w. Imcp- W y- Ø ns‚
ae(P_-ep¿d-lva) bmbpw "Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ Ip∂m'bpw Ad^ Adn-
b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
`qan-bn-te°v \njvIm-kn-X-cmb BZw-˛-l-∆-am¿°v A`bw e`n-®Xv
Cu ae-bn-em-Wv. ]c-kv]-c-a-dn-bmsX AI-e-ß-fnsehntSt°m Fdn-
b-s∏-´-Xp-t]mse Ah¿ Iptd-°mew Ign-™p. Is≠-Øm-\p-gdn \S-
∂p. HSp°w BZapw l∆bpw At\ym\yw Is≠-Øn-bXpw Xncn-®-dn-
™Xpw ChnsSh®m-Wv. AtXm-sS-bmWv Ad^ hnizmk-X-e-Ønepw
Ncn-{X-]-Y-Ønepw k¿hm-Xn-im-bnØw t\Sn-b-Xv.
{]hm-N-I≥ apl-ΩZv Xs‚ hnS-hm-ß¬ {]kw-K-Øn\v kzbw
hcn® thZn-bmWv Ad-^. AXn-\mbn Ad^ sXcs™-Sp-°s∏-´Xv
tIhew bmZr-On-I-amtWm? {]hm-N-IXz kwe-_v[n°p tijw apl-
142
ΩZv BZy-ambn P\-ß-tfmSv kwkm-cn-®Xv kao-]-ÿ-amb k^m- a-e-

ap-I-fn¬\n∂p-sIm-≠m-Wv. AXn-\-Sp-ØmWv {]kn≤-amb a¿hm Ip∂p-
Iƒ. F¥p-sIm≠v Ah-sbm∂pw sXc-s™-Sp-°msX Ipd-®-Ise-
bp≈ Ad^ sXc-s™-SpØp? kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Hcp hnNm-c-a-Xn-bpsS
a\- n¬ Cß-s\-sbmcp tNmZyw Db¿∂pIqSmbvIbn-√.
Ad^m aebv°v hnizm-k-]-c-hpw sshIm-cn-I-hpw km¿Y-I-hp-amb
Hcp khn-ti-j-X-bp-≠v. kq£vaZr°mb {]hm-N-I\v AXv ImWm-Xn-
cp-∂p-Iq-Sm. X∂n-eqsS Ah-Xcn-∏n-°-s∏´ kXy-thZ hnizm-k-Øns‚
kl-P-{]-Ir-X-Øn-\-\p-tcm-[-am-bn-cn-°Ww Xs‚ kIe Ne-\-ß-fp-
sa∂v \njvI¿j-bp≈ {]hm-N-I≥ Ad-^-bpsS A\p-`-h-[\y-amb
AXo-X-Im-e-sØ-°p-dn-t®m¿Øp-Im-Wpw. A¥y{]hmN-I≥ apl-ΩZv
Ad^m Ip∂ns‚ s\dp-I-bn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ (s\dp-I-bn-e-√, ]≈-
bn¬) {]hm-N-I\pw AXp- I-≠p-\n¬°p∂ hnizm-kn-I-fm-sIbpw Ad-
^-bpsS apI-fn-eqsS \S-∂p-\o-ßnb BZ-an-s\-tbm¿ØpImWpw. BZy
{]hm-N-I-\mb BZw sXm´v {]hm-NI ]c-º-c-bpsS kph¿W-irw-J-
e-bnse Ah-km-\sØ IÆn-bmb apl-ΩZv \_n hsc-bp-≈-h-sc-
°p- d n- t ®m¿°p- t ºmƒ AsXmcp hntizm- Ø - c kwkv I m- c - Ø ns‚
AYhm Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS A\p-kva-c-W-Øn\v Imc-W-am-
bn-Øo-cpw. BZw apX¬ apl-ΩZv hsc-bp≈ ]c-k-l{kw {]hm-N-I-
∑m-cpsS Z¿i-\-km-chpw km^-ey-hp-am-Wv, Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-Xn-
sb-∂ al-Ømb Nn¥-bpsS sXfn-sh-fn-®-amWv AhnsS {]k-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. Ckvem-anI Z¿i\w tIhew apl-ΩZ≥ aX-a-s√∂pw BZw
apX¬ apl-ΩZv hsc-bp-≈-h-cn-eqsS Bhn-jvIr-X-amb ssZh-h-N- p-
I- f psS Bfl- ` mhw AXn¬ A\p- k v ] - µ n- ° p- ∂ p- s ≠∂pw hcp- ∂ p.
Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS hyXn-cn-‡-amb Cu khn-tij `mhw
A\m-h-cWw sNøp-hm≥ Ad^ t]mse as‰mcnS-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. Htc
ssZh-t_m-[yhpw Htc {]hm-N-I-Xzhpw Htc thZ kwkvIr-Xnbpw
DZvKm\w sNøp∂ Ckvem-an-I-Z¿i\w Hcp aX-Z¿i\w F∂√, aXm-
XoX Z¿i\w F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmhpw icn.
BwK-teb teJ-I-\mb _¿´≥ tNtXm-l-c-amwhn[w {]hm-N-I≥
apl-Ω-Zns‚ A¥y-{]-`m-jW cwKw Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v:
""imco-cn-I-amb sshh-iy-ap-s≠-¶nepw Jkvhm F∂ H´-I-∏p-d-
tØ-dn-bmWv {]hm-N-I≥ Ad-^m-bn-te°v bm{X Xncn-®-Xv. D¿\ Xmgvh-
c-bn-se-Øn. Ad-^m-bpsS ]≈-bn¬ Ibdn\n∂v ssZh-Øns‚ hnip-
≤-\mb ASn-a, Xs‚ ap∂n¬ IÆn-a-bv°m-sX izmk-a-S-°n-\n¬°p∂
a\p-jy-a-lm-km-K-c-sØ(-D-t±iw Hcp e£-Øn- ]-Xn-\m-em-bncw t]¿)
143
H∂p-gn-™p-t\m-°n. ]ns∂ -]-Xps° kwkm-cn®p XpS-ßn. A\p-hm-N-

I-cn¬ A\-h-Zy-amb Hc-\p-`qXn ckw -]-I¿∂psIm≠m-WXv XpS¿∂-
Xv. A\p-Kr-lo-X -i_vZkuIp-am-cy-Øns‚ DS-a-bmb d_oA {]hm-
N-I-h-N-\-ßƒ Dds° Bh¿Øn-®p. {lkz kpµ-c-amb B `mjWw
e£-W-bp-‡-amb hm‹n-Xz-Øns‚ \nc-tam-L -\n-Z¿i-\-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Ime- Ø ns‚ lrZb`nØn- b n¬ kuay- k p- µ - c - a mb A\p-- c - W - \ - ß ƒ
krjv S n®psIm≠v C∂pw Pohn- ° p∂ a\p- j ym- h - I mi {]Jym- ] - \ -
Øns‚ iwsJm-en-bm-W-hnsS tI´-Xv. temI-Øn-t∂mfw Ah-Xo¿W-
cmb {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-sSbpw A¥x-kv]µ-\-ßƒ
B `mj- W - Ø n\v Bfl- h o- c yw \¬Ip- ∂ - X mbn A\p- h m- N - I ¿°v
tXm∂n. BZysØ {]hm- N - I - \ mb BZw Cdßn\S∂ Ad- ^ -
bn¬\n∂v A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\m-b -ap-lΩZv kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ckvemw
kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS ka-{KX AhnsS Zf-]p-S-ßƒ hnS¿Øp-∂-XmbntØm-
∂n. km¿h-Im-en-I-amb, km¿h-P-\o-\-amb Ckvem-sa∂ hcn-jvS-kw-
kvIr- X n- b psS _rl- Ø mb cq]w, al- Ø mb `mhw A\m- h -
cWwsNøm≥ t]mcp∂ as‰mcp cwK-`q-an-I-bn-√, Ad-^-t]m-se....''
A\mY kwc-£Ww D]m-k-\-I-fn¬ DZmØw

c t≠- b p- ≈ q- ˛ - { k- j v S mhpw
{kjv S m- h ns‚ I¿a- X - e - { ]- X n- ` m- k - a mb
krjvSn-Pm-ehpw. ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSnsshNn-{Xy-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy-cmin
Gsd D¬Ir-jvShpw. AXn\v ]c-a-Im-cWw a\p-jy-cm-in°v ssZh-a-
\p-h-Zn® hnti-j-_p-≤n-bm-Wv. {]]-©-ku-µ-cy-am-kz-Zn-°m\pw Bg-
Ønepw ]c-∏nepw hnti-j-_p-≤nsb ]S¿Øn alm-¤p-X-ßƒ hnc-
Nn-°m\pw a\p-jy\v km[n-°p-∂p.
kv a c- W hpw k¶¬]- \ hpw kao- £ - W hpw kbp- ‡ n- I - \ n- K - a - \ -
ßfpw hn`m-h-\-Ifpw A¥xtNmZ-\-Ifpw AXp-t]m-ep≈ ]eXpw
Ah\v am{Xw ssIh∂ ssZhm-\p-{K-l-ß-fm-Wv. i‡hpw kq£-vahpw
ka-{K-hp-amb Ahs‚ hnNm-c-kn-≤n-Iƒ°v ssZh-lnXw t]mep-a-dn-
bm-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠v. Ah≥ ssZh-Øns‚ AkvXn-Xzhpw GI-Xz-hp-a-
dn-bp-∂Xv c≠p am¿K-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. \nco-£-W-am-sWm-∂v, c≠m-a-
tØXv {]hm-N-I-{]-t_m-[-\-hpw.
Ah≥ ]nd-∂p-ho-gp-∂Xv {]]-©-Øn-em-Wv. as‰mcp {]m]-©nI
{]Xn-`mkw t]mse. Ah∂p Np‰pw ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm-Wv˛ kqN-\-I-fm-
144
Wv, Ahs‚ ]nd-hn -t]m-epw. F√mw hnc¬Nq≠p-∂Xv ssZh-sa∂

alm - k - X y- Ø n- t e- ° m- W v . amwk- N - £ p p- I ƒ°pw ÿqe- t {im- { X-
ßƒ°pw {]m]-©n-I -{]-Xn-`m-k-ßsf ImWm\pw A\p-`-hn-°p-hm\pw
Ign-bp∂p F∂-Xn¬ Akm-[m-c-WXzw H∂p-an-√. F∂m¬ X∂n¬
\n£n-]vX-amb hnti-j-_p-≤n-bpsS hn\n-tbmKw IqSn km[n-°p-tºmƒ,
IS- ∂ p- I m- W p- t ºmgpw Ihn- ™ p- t Iƒ°p- t ºmgpw Ah- b psS "D∏v
tN¿Øv' {]]-© {]Xn-`m-k-ßsf A\p-`-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-tºmƒ ""]q°-
fn¬ a[p-t]mse a[p-hn¬ am[pcyw t]mse'' ssZhm-kvXnXzw \ap°v
AXn-hn-in-jvS-amb Hcm-flo-bm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-bn -]-cn-W-an-°p-∂p. ssZhm-
kvXn-Xz-Øn-te°v hnc¬Nq≠p∂ Hcm-bncw ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fpsS \Sp-hn¬
]nd-∂p-ho-gp∂ a\p-jy\v ssZh-\ntj-[n-bm-hpI km[y-a-√. Iptd IqSn
kq£va-amb \nco-£-W-Øn-\pw -k-a-{Kamb Xmc-X-ay-Øn-\p-sam-cp-ßp-
tºmƒ ssZh-Øns‚ kv^Sn-I-kv^p-S-amb GI-Xz-a-√msX as‰m-∂√
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-I.
ssZh- Ø ns‚ cN\mhnem- k - a mWv sshhn- [ y- a m¿∂ {]]©w.
krjvSn-ssh-Nn-{Xy-ß-fmsI ssZh-Øns‚ k¿KtNX-\-bpsS AtamL
ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm-Wv. krjvSn-I-fn¬ t{ijvT-sa∂v Io¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp∂
a\p-jy-h¿Kw GI-ssZ-h-Xz-Øns‚ Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬\n∂v Cd-ßn-Øn-
cn-®-hcpw Htc-Xcw [¿a-I¿a-ßƒ°v hnt[-bcpw Htc hcnjvSkt¶-X-
Øn-te°v XncnsIt∏mtI-≠-h-cp-am-Wv. a\p-jy¿ krjvSn-°-s∏-´Xv
Htc-sbmcp hkvXp-hn-ti-j-Øn¬\n∂m-sW∂pw a\p-jy¿ DW¿Ø-
s∏-´Xv Htc ssZh-hn-izmkw sIm≠m-sW∂pw a\p-jy-h¿Kw {]mZp¿`-
hn-®-Xv Htc amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬\n∂m-sW∂pw \ma-dn-bp-tºmƒ temI-
145
sa-∂Xv Hcp IpSpw-_-am-sW∂pw AXnse Poh-cm-in-Iƒ kvt\l-Øn-

s‚bpw Imcp-Wy-Øn-s‚bpw irwJe sIm≠v ]cn-_-‘n-X-cm-sW∂pw
hcp-∂p. At∏mƒ Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb IpSpw-_-_-‘-sa-∂Xv IpSpw-
_hpw kaq- l - h p- a pƒs°m- ≈ p∂ kI- e - c p- s Sbpw i‡n- k n- ≤ n-
Isfbm{ibn®p InS-°p-∂p. A\m-Ycpw AK-Xn-Ifpw \nkzcpw \n -
lm-bcpw kaq-l-Øns‚ tcmKm-Xp-cX hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂p. B¿Øcpw
Bew-_-lo-\-cp-an-√mØ kaqlw A√m-lp-hns‚ A`n-em-j-am-sW∂pw
AXn- \ p≈ {iahpw {i≤bpw ssZh- a m¿K- Ø n- e p≈ D]m- k - \ - I - f m-
sW∂pw \ma-dn-bp-∂p.
A√m-lp-hns‚ hiw Ata-b-amb Imcp-Wy-ap-≠v. AXn-semcp ]¶v
Xs‚ {]nb-s∏´ temI-Øn\v kΩm-\n-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.
Hcn-°¬ A√mlp Xs‚ hi-ap≈ Imcp-Wy-]q-c-sØ-bmsI \nc-Øn-
sh®v AXns\ \qdmbn ]IpØp. A√mlp AXn-semcp ]¶v F-SpØv
ssIØ-e-Øn-en´v DuXn-∏-d-Øn. At∏mƒ ssZhImcp-Wy-Øns‚ \qdn-
sem-cw-iw am{X-amb [qfo-[q-kcw temI-ØmsI ]mdn-∏-d-∂p. AXm-
Wn-hnsS kIe Po-h-cm-in-I-fnepw kvt\l-ambpw t{]a-ambpw hm’-
ey-ambpw A\p-I-º-bmbpw A\p-Xm-]-ambpw hn\-b-ambpw _lp-am-\-
ambpw BZ-c-hmbpw B¿{Z-X-bmbpw Bcm-[-\-bm-bp-sa√mw {]k-cn-®-
Xv. \qdn-sem-∂mWv C{Xbpw kar-≤-ambpw {]hr-≤-ambpw hyXy-kvX-
X-bm¿∂pw {]`m-kn-°p∂ Imcp-Wy-sa-¶n¬ \qdn¬ sXmÆq-‰n-sbm-
ºXpw kq£n-°p-∂ ssZh-Øns‚ A[o-\-X-bn-ep≈ kvt\ls∏cpa
F{X kº-∂-am-bn-cn°pw! \n›bw ssZhw kvt\l-kz-cq-]\pw Icp-
Wm-a-b-\pw Xs∂. At∏mƒ BXp-cip-{iq-jbpw A\mY c£-Whpw
t]mep≈ I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-ß-sf√mw kvt\tlm-]m-k-\-bmbpw Cuiz-
cm-cm-[-\-bmbpw ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. hnizmkw sIm≠p am{X-sam-cm-ƒ
apkvenw Bhp-I-bn-s√∂pw hnizm-khpw hnizm-k-Øn-\\pkc-W-amb
I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fp-amWv ChnsS ]cn-KWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂pw kn≤n-
°p-∂p.
146
Icp-Wm-a-b-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ k¿h-k-a¿∏Ww \nth-Zn-

°p∂ Ckvemw Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ aX-am-Wv. aXw Pohn-X-]q¿W-X-bn-
te-°p≈ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS {]bm-WsØ kpJI-chpw km¿Y-I-hp-
am-°m-\p-≈XmsW-¶n¬ a\p-jy-\mWv aX-Øns‚ tI{µ-_n-µp. Cu
temI-Ønse Xs‚ {]Xn-]p-cp-j-\m-bmWv ssZhw a\p-jys\ `qan-bn-
te-°-b-®-sX-¶n¬, krjvSn-I-fn¬ t{ijvT-am-bXv a\p-jy-\m-sW∂v
{]Jym-]n® ssZhw a\p-jys‚ D]-t`m-K-Øn\pw Bkzm-Z-\-Øn\pw
th≠n-bmWv {]]-©sØ krjvSn-®-sX-¶n¬, A¥na hni-I-e-\-Øn¬
ssZhm-`n-emjw a\p-jy-t£-ahpw PohnX t{ib- p-am-Wv. AXn-\m-h-
iy-am-b-sX√mw kwhn-[m\w sNbvXpsIm≠mWv ssZhw a\p-jys\
Ctßm-´-b-®-Xv. kmØm-\n-I-i-‡n-I-fpsS hnf-bm-´hpw i‡n-kzm-[o-
\-X-Ifpw Chn-sS-bp-s≠-∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Acp-Xm-bva-Ifpw A\m-im-
ky-X-Ifpw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-ß-fmb ]eXpw ChnsS Xe-s]m-°n-sb∂p
hcmw. Zmcn-{Zyhpw hdp-Xnbpw A\o-Xnbpw Agn-a-Xnbpw B`n-Nm-chpw
sImebpw sIm≈n-sh-∏p-sa√mw AØcw {]Xn-`m-k-ß-fm-Wv. kq£va-
hn-i-I-e\Øn¬, ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy-km-∂n[ywsIm≠v k\m-Y-\mWv
a\p-jy-s\-¶nepw Ahs\ A\m-Y\pw AK-Xn-bp-am-°m≥ t]mcp-amdv
kmØm-\nI kzm[o-\-an-hnsS i‡n{]m]n-®p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. CXn-s\Xnsc
\nXm-¥-Pm-{KX ]pe¿Øn, Adp-Xnbpw hdp-Xn-bp-an-√m-Ø, AK-Xn-I-
fp-sSbpw A\m-Y-cp-sSbpw tXß-ep-I-fp-b-cmØ Hcp kmaq-ly-kw-hn-
[m\w ChnsS cq]-s∏-´p-h-c-Ww.
A\mYkwc- £ W {][m- \ - a mb kmaqly tkh- \ - Ø n- e q- s S- b -
√msX A√m-lp-hns‚ Xncp-k-∂n[n ]qIm≥ km[y-a-s√-∂pZvtLm-jn®
kXy- t h- Z - Ø ns‚ A\p- K m- X m- ° ƒ hnNm- c - Ø nepw {]hrØn- b nepw
hm°nepw t\m°nepw Cu alm-k-Xy-apƒs°m-≠-h-cmbn amd-Ww.
thZ-{K-Ÿ-Ønse hm°p-I-fn-ep-S-\ofw \pc-™p-]-X-bp∂ "ssZh-ckw'
Imcp-Wy-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv. A\m-Y¿°v k\mYXzw \¬Inbpw AK-Xn-
Iƒ°v B{i-b-a-cp-fnbpw t\mhv \pW™v Ign-bp-∂-h-cn¬ {]Xymi
hf¿Ønbpw AXyp- ∂ - X - a mb ssZthm- ] m- k - \ - b n¬- ˛ - C - _ m- Z - Ø n¬- ˛ -
]q¿W lrZbw sIm≠v ]¶m-fnØw hln-°m≥ kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-
Iƒ°v km[n-°-Ww.
{]Im-i-Øns‚ {]t_m-[-I\pw {]hm-N-I-h-tc-Wy\pw a\p-jy-hn-
tam-N-I-\p-amb apl-Ω-ZmWv kXy-th-Z-kw-kvIrXn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp∂
BZysØ "bXow' F∂ bmYm¿Yyw bXow kaq-l-Øn¬ Bflm-`n-
am-\-ap-W¿Øm\pw Ah-cn¬ Bfl-hn-izmkw hf¿Øm\pw t]m∂-
Xm-Wv. bXow F∂Xv Ime-L-´-Øns‚ im]tam kmaqly sshIr-
147
Xtam A√. {]Xyp-X, hnizm-kn-bpsS Bflm¿YXsb ]co-£-W-Øn-

eqsS t_m[y-s∏-Sp-hm-\p≈ ssZhn-tIm-]m-[n-bm-Wv. Ah-tcmSp≈ kao-
]\w ssZh-Øns‚ kq£v-a-{i-≤°v hnt[-b-am-Ip-sa∂pw hnizm-k-hn-
ip≤n t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ AXp-t]m-sem∂v a‰n-s√∂pw thZ-{KŸw
tLmjn-°p-∂p.
A\mY kwc-£Ww AXypXvIr-jvS-am-bn-°-cp-Xn-t∏m-cp∂ Hcp aX-
Z¿i-\-amWv Ckvemw. A\m-Y-tcmSv ]cp-j-ambn s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xp-t]mepw
aX-\n-tj-[-am-sW∂v Ckvemw t_m[n-∏n-°p-∂p. temI-Ønse as‰m-
cp -a-X-Z¿i-\-Ønepw A-\mY kwc-£-WsØ C{X-ta¬ DZm-Ø-h¬°-
cn®v {]Io¿Øn®Xmbn ImWp-hm≥ km[y-a-√. Jp¿-B-\nse hcnjvS
hN-\-ßƒ t\m°pI:
""aX-\n-tj[nsb \o I≠pthm? A\m-Ysb Bń-b-I-‰p-∂-h-\m-
W-h≥.'' (107: 1˛2)
""\mw ssZhsØ `b-s∏-SWw. A\m-Y-tcmSv Aen-thmsS s]cp-am-
dWw.'' (4: 9)
""A\m-Y-tcmSv \nßƒ \oXn-bn¬ h¿Øn-°Ww.'' (4: 127)
""kº-Øn-t\mSv Gsd {]nb-ap-≠m-bn-cns° AXv ASpØ _‘p-
°ƒ°pw A\m-Y¿°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw hgn-bm-{X-°m¿°pw tNmZn-
®p-h-cp∂h¿°pw ASn-a-tam-N-\-Øn\pw sNe-h-gn-°p-I.'' (2: 177)
""\nßƒ sNe-h-gn-°p∂ \√-sX¥pw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°pw ASpØ
_‘p- ° ƒ°pw A\m- Y - I ƒ°pw AK- X n- I ƒ°pw hgn- t ]m- ° ¿°p-
amWv \¬tI-≠-Xv.'' (2: 215)
""A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn-°p-th≠n Ah¿ A\m-Y¿°pw AK-Xn-
Iƒ°pw _‘-\-ÿ¿°pw Blmcw \¬Ip∂p.'' (76: 8)
""A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn°pth≠n am{X-amWv Rßƒ \nßƒ°v
A∂-ta-Ip-∂-Xv. \nß-fn¬\n∂v Fs¥-¶nepw {]Xn-^-etam \µntbm
Rßƒ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂n-√.'' (76: 9)
""P\-ß-fpsS apX-ep-I-fn¬ tN¿∂p hf-cp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n \nßƒ
\¬Ip∂ ]en-i-bp-≠-t√m, AXv A√m-lp-hn-s‚-b-SpØv H´pw hf-cp-
∂n-√. F∂m¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn {]Xo-£n®v \nßƒ h√Xpw
kIm-Ømbn \¬Ip-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Aßs\ sNøp-∂-h-cmWv AXns\
Cc-ń-∏n®v hf¿Øp-∂h¿.'' (30: 39)
""ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ Xß-fpsS [\w sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-h-cpsS D]-a-
148
bnXm: Hcp [m\y-aWn. AXv Ggv IXn-cp-Isf apf-∏n-®p. Hmtcm IXn-

cnepw \qdp aWn-Iƒ˛ A√mlp Ah-\n-—n-°p-∂-h¿°v C∆n[w Cc-ń-
bmbn Iqń-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p. A√mlp HuZm-cy-hm\pw k¿h-⁄-\p-amIp-
∂p.'' (2: 261)
""A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Xß-fpsS [\w sNehpsNøp-Ibpw
]n∂o-Sv Xßƒ sNehpsNbvXv kzoI-cn-®-h-tcmSv HuZm-cy-ambn FSp-
Øp-]dbmXn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS a\ v thZ-\n-∏n-°m-Xn-cn°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-h¿°v Ah-cpsS \mYs‚ ]°¬ A¿lamb {]Xn-^-e-ap-
≠v. Ah¿°v bmsXmcphn[ `bhpw D≠m-b-ncn-°p-I-bn-√. Ah¿ ZpxJn-
t°-≠n hcn-I-bp-an-√.'' (2: 262)
""A\m-Y-°p-ń-Isf kw_-‘n®pw Ah¿ \nt∂mSv tNmZn-°p-∂p.
]d-bpI: Ah¿°v \∑ hcp-Øp-∂-sX√mw \√-Xm-Wv. \nßfh-tcm-
sSm∏w Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xnepw sX‰n-√. Ah¿ \nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-c-∑m-
cm-W-t√m.'' (2: 220)
""A\m-Y-tbmSv \o ImTn\yw Im´-cpXv.'' (93: 9)
""A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ t{]aw aqew A\m-Y¿°pw AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw
_‘-\-Øn-e-I-s∏-´-h¿°pw Ah¿ Blmcw \¬Ipw.'' (76: 8)
""Hmlcn sh°p-tºmƒ, _‘p-°fpw A\m-Ycpw Zcn-{Zcpw AhnsS
h∂n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXn¬\n∂v Ah¿°pw Fs¥¶nepw sImSp-°p-I.
AhtcmSv \√-hm°v ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpI.'' (4: 8)
""A\m-Y-I-fpsS [\w A\ym-b-ambn A\p-`hn-°p-∂-h¿ Ah-cpsS
hb-dp-I-fn¬ Xn∂p \nd-°p-∂Xv Xobm-Wv. kwibw th≠m, Ah¿
\cI-Øn¬ IØn-sb-cnbpw.'' (4: 10)
""amXm]nXm-°-tfmSv \∂mbn h¿Øn-°p-I. _‘p-°ƒ, A\m-
Y¿, AK- X n- I ƒ, IpSpw- _ - ° m- c mb Ab¬°m¿, A\y- c mb
Ab¬°m¿, kl-hm-kn-Iƒ, hgn-t]m-°¿, \nß-fpsS A[o-\-X-bn-
ep≈ ASn-a-Iƒ˛ F√m-h-tcmSpw \√ \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°pI.'' (4: 36)
""A\m-Y-I-fpsS kzØv \nßƒ Ah¿°pXs∂ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-
I. \√ kº-Øns\ NoØ-bm°n am‰-cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS kzØpw \nß-
fpsS kzØpw Iqń-°e¿Øn Xn∂-cp-Xv. kwibw th≠m, sImSpw
]m]-am-W-Xv.'' (4: 2)
Jp¿-B-\n¬ kz¥-°m-cp-sSbpw _‘p-°-fp-sSbpw sXm´-Sp-ØmWv
A\m-Y-cpsS Imcyw ]cm-a¿in-®-Xv. DZm: 4: 36, 2: 177, 2: 215.
149
G‰hpw \√ `h\w GsX∂v {]hm-N-I-t\mSv tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ {]Xn-

I-cWw CXm-bn-cp-∂p:
""A\m-Y°v A`bw \¬Ip∂ hoSv.''
NoØ `h\w GsX∂t\zjn-®-t∏mƒ {]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p:
""A\m-Y-tbmSv tami-ambn s]cp-am-dp∂ hkXn.''
Pmln-enøm ImeØv Ad-_n-Iƒ A\mYkv{XoI-sf hnhmlw
sNbvXv ISpØ t{Zml-ßƒ sNbvX-Xmbn Ncn-{X-km-£y-ap-≠v. kXy-
thZw I¿i-\-ambn AXns\ t\cn-´p. hnhm-l-Øns‚ FÆw \nb-{¥n-
®-Xns‚ {][m\ Dt±iyw A\mY s]Ïp-ń-I-tfm-Sp≈ t{Zmlw Ipd-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v lZvdØv BC-i-bpsS Hcp \nth-Z-\-ap-≠v.
CjvSw t]mse hnhmlwsNbvXv- Ahsc ]pe¿Øm-\m-hmsX Nne¿
A\m-Y-cpsS kzØv Ih¿∂n-cp-∂p. AXv \nb-{¥n-°m≥ IqSn hnhm-
l-Øns‚ FÆw ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpsIm≠v km[n-®p F∂v C_v\p
A∫m-kns‚ \nth-Z-\-Øn-ep-ap-≠v.
""\nßƒ A\m-Y-tcmSv Aenhv Im´p-∂n√''(89 : 17) F∂ A£-¥-
hy- a mb A]- c m- [ - Ø n- t e°v hnc¬Nq≠p- h m≥ kXy- t hZw Imńb
B¿{Z-Xbpw B¿P-hhpw «mL-\o-b-am-Wv.
ssZhnI I¿tam-]m-k-\°v `qan-bn¬ a\p-jy\v ssIh-cp∂ alm-
150
k-µ¿`-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv A\mYc£-W-th-f. AXv hnIm-c-hn-ip-≤n-

tbmsS {]tbm- P - \ - s ∏- S pØn ChnsS kt¥m- j hpw AhnsS
k¿thmXvIr-jvS-amb ku`mKy-ß-fpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ km[n-°-Ww.
aZyw˛Xn∑-I-fp-sS amXmhv
Pmlnenøm Imew. kXythZw {]Imi-a-Wn-™p-I-gn-™n-ń-√mØ Ccp-
fpd™ Ime-X-ew. A∂v Ad-_n-Iƒ ho™p-Ip-Sn®v aXn-sI-Sm-dp-≠v.
aZyIpw-`-ßƒ \nd-®p-\n-c-Ønb k¬°mcw As∂mcp kap-∂X kmaq-
lym-Nm-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. aZy-tØm-Sp≈ {]nbw ImWn-°m≥ A∂v Ad_n
`mj-bn¬ ]c-»Xw ]Z-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. A∂v ]nd∂ Ihn-X-I-fn¬
aZy-Øns‚ \pcbpw ]Xbpw \nd-™p-h-gn-bp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kXy-
th-Z-Øns‚ Xncp-∏n-d-hn-tbmsS kwkvImc-K-Xn-bmsI amdn.
Jp¿-B-\n¬ "Jwdv' Fs∂mcp ]Z-ap-≠v. aZyw, el-cn-]-Zm¿Yw XpS-
ßnb A¿Y-am-W-Xn-\v. aZyw am{X-a-√, ab-°hpw el-cn-bp-ap-≠m-°p∂
ka-kvXhpw Jwdv F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ Bi-b-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn-epƒt®-cpw.
{]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂ B ]ZsØ Cßs\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn:
""F√m el-cnbpw Jwdv BWv. F√m Jwdpw \njn-≤-am-Wv.''
aZy-Øn-s\-Xnsc \nc-h[n ]cm-a¿i-ß-fp-≠v Jp¿-B-\n¬:
""Ah¿ \nt∂mSv aZy-sØbpw NqXn-s\bpw kw_-‘n®v tNmZn-
°p∂p. -]-d-bp-I: Ah- c-≠nepw henb tZmjap≠v. Ah°v Nne
Nn√-d KpW-ßƒ It≠-°mw. F∂m¬ Ah-bpsS tZmjw Ah-bpsS
KpW-tØ-°mƒ hep-Xm-Wv.'' (2: 219)
""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, \nßƒ el-cn-_m-[n-X-cmbn \a-kvIm-csØ kao-
151
]n-°-cp-Xv. \nßƒ ]d-bp-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂v \nßƒ°v a\- n-em-Ip-∂Xp

hsc.'' (4: 43)
""\n›-b-ambpw ]nimNv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv aZyhpw NqXm-´hpw aptJ\
\nßƒ°n-S-bn¬ i{XpXbpw hntZz-jhpw D≠m-°n-Øo¿°-W-sa∂pw
A√m-lp-hns‚ kvac-W-bn¬\n∂pw \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬\n∂pw \nßsf
XS-b-W-sa∂pw am{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v \nßƒ Ah-bn¬\ns∂√mw
hnc-an-°pIXs∂ sNøp-I.'' (5: 91)
""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, \n›-b-ambpw aZyhpw NqXm-´hpw {]Xn-jvTbpw
`mKy-]-co-£-W-Øn-\p≈ Aºp-Ifpw ss]im-Nn-I-hr-Øn-I-fn¬ s]´
amen- \ y- ß - f m- W v . AXn- \ m¬ \nßƒ Ah- s bms° Hgn- h m- ° p- I .
\nßƒ°v Pohn-X-hn-Pbw ssIh-cp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n.'' (5: 90)
{]hm-NI hN-\-ßƒ:
""F√m elcnhkvXp-°fpw \njn-≤-ß-fmWv; ChnsS IpSn®p acn-
°p-∂-h¿°v AhnsS Pe-]m\w e`n-°p-I-bn√.'' (apkvenw)
""aq∂p Iq´¿°v kz¿Kw hne-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p: ÿncw IpSn-b-
∑m¿°v, amXm-]n-Xm-°sf A\m-Z-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v, IpSpw-_-Øn¬ hnip≤n
kq£n-°m-Ø-h¿°v.''(\-kmCu)
""elcnhkv X p- ° - f psS D]- t bmKwsIm≠p- ≠ mb hn]- Ø p- I - t f-
°mƒ hen-sbmcp \miw as‰mcp hkvXp-hns‚ D]-t`mKw sIm≠pw
D≠m-bn-ń-√.''(Xn¿anZn)
""henb Af-hnep≈t∏mƒ el-cn-X-cp-∂Xv sNdnb Af-hnepw
elcn Xs∂. c≠pw \njn-≤w.''- (_p-Jmcn, apkvenw)
""A√m-lp-hnepw A¥y-Zn-\-Ønepw hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ aZyw hnf-
ºp∂ tai-°n-cn-°-cp-Xv; Hcp kml-N-cy-Ønepw.''
""aZy- h p- a mbn _‘- s ∏´ ]Øp Xc- ° m¿, A√mlp Ahsc
in£n°pw: aZy- a p- ≠ m- ° p- ∂ - h s\, aZysØmgn- e m- f nsb, B¿°p
th≠n- b p≠m- ° pt∂m Ah- s \, IpSn- ° p- ∂ - h s\, hnf- º p- ∂ - h s\,
hln®p sIm≠pt]mIp-∂-hs\, B¿°p-th≠n sIm≠p-t]m-Ipt∂m
Ahs\, hn¬°p- ∂ - h s\, hmßp- ∂ - h s\, B¿°p- t h≠n hmßp-
∂pthm Ahs\.''
(hy-mJym-\w-˛-""a-Zy-hp-ambn {]Xy-£-amtbm ]tcm-£-amtbm _‘-
s∏-Sp∂ Bscbpw ssZhw in£n-°pw.''˛ C-_v\p-amP)
152
_pJm-cn-bpsS A[ym-]\w:
""aZo-\-bn¬, ho™p hne-°n-s°m-≠p≈ shfn-]m-Sp-≠m-b-t∏mƒ
Iptd t]¿ aZy-]n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aZy-t°m-∏-Iƒ Xń-sb-dn™v Ah¿
]pd-tØ-t°m-Sn. I≈p-I-S-bn-te°v t]mhp-I-bm-bn-cp∂h¿ ]n¥n-cn-
t™m-Sn. IS-bpsS ]Sn \S∂pIb-dp-∂-h¿ Cdßn-tbm-Sn. aZy-Ipw-`-
ßƒ X√n-bp-S-®p. hmbn¬ aZyw Ihn-fn-°-gn-™-h¿ Im¿°n-®p-Xp∏n
Aip-≤n-b-I-‰n. shfn-]mSv hN\w Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ
sXcp-hp-I-fn-eqsS ]m™p\S-∂p...........-a-s‰mcp {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Bcpw
C{X-ta¬ A\p-k-cn-®-Xm-b-dn-hn-√.''
""Hcn-°¬ {]hm-N-I-t\mSv Hcmƒ tNmZn-®p: "tX≥, [m\yw, _m¿en-
- X p- S - ß n- b - h - b n¬\n∂p- ≠ m- ° p∂ elcn]Zm¿Yßƒ Ign- ° m≥
]‰ptam?' {]hm-N-I≥ {]Xn-h-Nn®p: "F√m elcnhkvXp-°fpw aZy-
amWv. F√m aZyhpw ldm-am-Wv.''
""hnf- s h- S p- ∏ p- I m- e w- ˛ - H - c mƒ ap¥n- c n- I- c p- X n- s h- ® p: hocy- a p≈
ImeØv aZy-ap-≠m-°m≥ PqX¿t°m ss{IkvX-h¿t°m hn¬°p-∂-
Xn\p th≠n. Adn-bptam, Abmƒ Xpd∂ IÆp-I-tfmsS \c-I-Øns‚
Bfn-∏-S-cp∂ A·n-bn-te-°mWv \S∂p\oßp-∂Xv.''(apkvenw)
""aZyw hn¬°p-∂Xpw AXns‚ Imiv hmßp-∂Xpw hne-°-s∏-ń-
cn-°p-∂p. Aap-kvenw-I-fp-samØp≈ aZy-hym-]mcw t]mepw. aZyw Cd-
°p-aXn sNøp-∂Xpw Ib-‰p-aXn sNøp-∂Xpw hne-°n. Hcp PqXt∂m
{InkvXym-\nt°m B¿°m-bmepw aZyw ]mcn-tXm-jn-I-ambn \¬Ip-
∂Xpw \ntcm-[n-®p.''
Hcn-°¬ Hcmƒ {]hm-N-I\v Hcp Ip∏n ho™v ImWn-°-sh®p.
At∏mƒ Ahn-S∂v ""A√mlp CXv \njn≤hkvXp-hmbn am‰n \n¿Øn-
bn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂-dn-bn®p sIm≠v \ncm-I-cn-®p.
""hne-°-s∏-´Xv hn¬°p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv.''(apkvenw)
""Hcp PqX≥ aZy-°p-∏n-bp-ambn {]hm-N-I-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-Øn, Xncp-
ta-\n°v kΩm-\-ambn \¬Im≥. {]hm-N-I≥ Adn-bn®p: "hne-°-s∏-
´Xv kΩm-\-ambpw \¬I-cpXv. Bcm-bmepw B¿°m-bmepw.'
"]ns∂ Rm\n-sX¥p sNøWw?' PqX≥ tNmZn®p. {]hm-N-I≥:
"kwi-b-taXpw th≠m, \ne-sØm-gp-°n-°-f-bWw.''(Xn¿anZn)
""aZyw Xs∂ Hcp tcmK- a mWv . tcmKw acp- ∂ m- I p- ∂ - s X- ß s\?
Ipdt®m Iq-Sp-Xtem IpSn-°m≥ apkven-an\v A\phmZ-an-√. kt¥m-j-
153
kq-N-I-ambn kΩm-\n-°m\pw ]mSn-√. kzh-k-Xn-bn-tet°m hym]m-c-

im-e-bn-tet°m sIm≠p-t]m-Im\pw ]mSn-√. kaql kZy-I-fn¬ hnf-
ºm\pw ]mSn- √ . Hcp Aapkv e nw kplr- Ø n- \ p- t ]mepw hnf- º n-
°qSm.''(Xn¿anZn)
""A√mlp temI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ a\p-jy¿°v tcmKhpw kΩm-\n-®p.
F√m tcmK-ßƒ°pw NnIn-’-bp≠v. AXp-sIm≠v acp∂p-]-tbm-Kn-
°pI. F∂m¬, hne-°n-b-sXm∂pw acp-∂mbp]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv.''
""kzbw \in- ° m- \ m- { K- l n- ° p- ∂ - h ¿ aZy- s Ø- b - h - e w- _ n- ° p- ∂ p.
F∂m¬ Hm¿°p-I-: -kzbw \in-°m≥˛X-s∂-Øs∂ \in-∏n-°m≥˛
Hcmƒ°p-a-[n-Im-c-an-√. Hcp apkven-an\v Xs‚ Poh-\n¬ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-
an-√. Ah≥ Xs‚ aXØn-s‚bpw(DΩx) cmjv{S-Øn-s‚bpw kº-Øm-
Wv-.-Xs‚ BtcmKyw, [\w -F√mw kaq-l-Øns‚ Iq´m-bva-bpsS `mK-
am-Wv. AXv kzbw \in-∏n-°m≥ Ah-∂-[n-Im-c-an-√-.'' (apkvenw)
""t_m[-]q¿hw Hcp Xp≈n aZy-sa-¶nepw Ign-°p-∂-h≥, A¥y-Zn-
\-Øn¬ New IpSn-t°≠n hcpw.''(Xzbm-enkn)
""aZyw Ign-®-h\v ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ Imep-d-∏n®p sh°m-\m-hn-√.
\√Xv ImWm\pw \√Xv tIƒ°m\pw Ign-bn-√. Jwdn¬ ssIheyw
ImWp-∂-h≥ tæ—≥.'' (Xn¿anZn)
""ssZhNn¥ a\pjy a\- n¬ \∑-Iƒ hncn-bn-°pw; ]q hn-cnbpw
t]mse. el-cn- I-S-∂m¬ Ce s]mgn-bpw-t]m-se-bmWv a\- nse \∑-
I-f-gn-bp-∂-Xv.''(Xz-bm-enkn)
""Hcp aZy-]s‚ hn{In-b-Iƒ I≠v [¿a-tcm-jw-sIm≠v {]hm-N-I≥
Cßs\ {]Xn-I-cn-®p:
el-cn-bn-eqsS kmØm-\n-I-i‡n \n∂n-em-th-in-®p. \in-°m-\-√,
\∂m-hm-\mWv ssZhw \ns∂-bn-ß-b-®Xv.'' (A_q-Zm-hqZv)
""\√ a\- p-Iƒ°n-hnsS kz¿Kw cNn-°mw; ssZhm-\p-{K-l-tØm-
sS. F∂m¬, aZy-Øns‚ Iq´p-]n-Sn-®m¬ A\m-bmkw \c-I-sam-cp-°mw.
]nd-In¬ IÆn-dp°n ]p©n-cn®p \n¬°p∂ kmØms\ ImWmw.''-
(C_v\pamP)
""aZy-]s‚ \a-kvImcw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.''(\kmCu)
Jnem-^-Øns‚ Imew. aZyw tkhn-®-h\v hSn, sNcn-∏v, Cu¥-
∏\ aS¬, apjvSn apX-em-bh sIm≠v \m¬]Xv ASn in]m¿i sNø-
154
s∏-´p. aZy-]\v \m¬]Xv NΩń {]tbm-K-amWv in£. Jeo^ A_q-

_-°¿ CXv {]tbmK-Øn¬ hcp-Øn. Jeo^m Da-dns‚ ImeØv cl-
ky-ambn I≈v hn‰ kJo^v tKm{X-P-\mb Hcp sshZn-Is‚ ]oSnI
Nps´-cn-®p. as‰m-cn-°¬ \nbaw ewLn®v I≈hm‰pw hn¬]-\bpw \S-
Ønb Ip_p-≤n-I-fpsS Hcp {Kma-sØ-Øs∂ Jeo-^-bpsS I¬]\
{]Imcw Npsćn®p.
Jeo^ Da¿ aZyw \ntcm-[n-®p-sIm≠v DØ-c-hn-d°n:
""aØp]nSn-∏n-°p∂ F√m hkvXp-°-sfbpw \ntcm-[n-°p-∂p. GsXm-
∂ns‚ IqSp-X-¬ Afhv elcn ]nSn-∏n-°p-∂-XmtWm AXns‚ Ipd™
Afhpw elcn Xs∂. Hcp tXm¬∏m{Xw \ndsb IpSn-®m¬ aØm-
Ip∂ hkvXp-hn¬\n∂v Hcp ssI°p-ºnƒ IpSn-°p-∂Xpw \njn-≤-am-
Wv-. -Ah\pw aZy-]≥ Xs∂.''
""aZyw ssIh-i-ap-≈-h¿ AXv IpSn-°mt\m hn¬°mt\m ]mSn-√.
AXv \in-∏n-®p-I-f-bWw.''
""aZyw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amb Hcp Zpjn® \in® Zn\w hcpw.''(_pJmcn)
""hnizm-khpw aZy-]m-\hpw HØp-t]m-hp-I-bn√.''(_p-Jmcn)
""aZy-]n-°p-∂-h\pw aZyw hmßp-∂-h\pw aZyw hn¬°p-∂-h\pw i]n-
°-s∏-´-h-\mWv.'' (A_q-Zm-hqZv)
""aZyw Xn∑-I-fpsS amXm-hmWv.'' _pJmcn Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p.
aZyw _p≤n-i-‡nsb sISp-Øp∂p. icn-sX-‰p-I-sfbpw \∑-Xn-∑-
I- s fbpw Xncn- ® - d n- b m- \ p≈ tijnsb XI¿°p- ∂ p. kl\i‡n-
sbbpw £am-io-e-sØbpw \in-∏n-°p∂p. a\p-jys‚ kmwkvIm-cnI
taJ-e-bn-ep≈ A®-S°w sISp-Øp-∂p. hf¿®-bn-te°pw ]ptcm-K-Xn-
bn-te°pw \oßp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v aZyw a\p-jys\ XS-bp-∂p. aZyw Xn∑-
I-fpsS amXm-hm-Wv.
kmº-ØnI k¥p-en-X-Xz-Øn-\p≈
kuay kwcw`w
kXyhnizm-kn-bpsS a\- n¬ sXfn™p hnf-ßp-∂Xpw \nd™p hgn-
bp-∂-Xp-amb atlm-÷ze {]Xn-`m-k-amWv A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ AN-©-
155
e-amb hnizm-kw. AJ-fihpw AZzb-hp-amb ssZh-Øns‚ AkvXn-

Xz-Øn¬ De-bmØ hnizmkw kq£n-°p∂ apk¬am≥ Xs‚ hnNm-
c- -hr-Øn-I-sf√mw B Znhy k∂n-[n-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. Znh-k-Øn¬
A©p-t\-c-sa-¶nepw ssZh-Øn\p ap∂n¬ {]m¿Y\m-RvP-en-bp-ambn
kzbw ka¿∏n®v kXy-hn-izmkn ssZthm-∑p-J-ambn Pohn-°p∂p F∂-
XmWv kXyw. F√m aX-ßfpw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v {]m¿Y\m\nc-X-
amb ]hn-{X-th-f-Iƒ \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXn\v -th-Z-hn-
izmkw t]mse {]map-Jyhpw {]mY-ayhpw \¬Ip∂ as‰mcp aX-an-√.
AXp-sIm≠v Ckvem-ans‚ kam-Zr-X-amb I¿a-]-≤-Xn-I-fn¬ \n-kvIm-
c-{In-b-°mWv apJyX \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. sXm´-Sp-ØmWv kIm-Øv.
kImØv tIh-e-samcp Zm\tam kw`mh-\tbm A√. kImØv
\n¿_‘ Zm\am-Wv. temI-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ BZy-ambn Npa-Ø-s∏´ {Iao-
Ir-Xhpw \ymb-]q¿Whpw [m¿anI {]h-W-hp-amb \nIp-Xn.
kImØv F∂ ]ZØn\v kwkvI-cn-°pI, ip≤o-I-cn-°pI XpS-
ßnb A¿YXe-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. hf¿®, [\y-X -Xp-S-ßnb A¿Ym-¥-
c-ß-fp-ap-≠v. hn[n-]q¿hIw kImØv sImSp-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta hnizm-
kn-bpsS ssIh-i-ap≈ kºØv hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p≈q F∂mWv
hnh-£. hf¿® F∂ A¿Y-amWv kImØv hn`m-h\sNøp-∂-sX-¶n¬,
hnizm-kn-bpsS kmº-Øn-I-amb hnImkhr≤n-Iƒ°v kImØv A\p-
{K-l-Zm-bI-ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂p F∂m-Wp-t±-iyw. [\yX F∂ aln-
Xm¿Y-hm-Nn-bmb ]Z-amWv kIm-sØ-¶n¬ kº-∂s‚ am\-kn-I-kw-
Xr-]vXn°v kImØv A\p-t]£Wobw F∂v kn≤n-°p-∂p. a\- ns\
kwkvI-cn-°m≥ IqSn CXv {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂p F∂XpsIm≠mWv
A√mlp CXns\ kImØv F∂v hnfn-®-Xv.
""\o Ah-cpsS kzØn¬\n∂v Ahsc kwkvI-cn-°p-Ibpw ip≤o-
I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Zm\w hkqem°pI'' (9: 103) F∂ Jp¿-B\nI
hN\w shfn-hm-°p-∂Xv kImØv ssZhn-I-amb A\p-im-k-\-amWv
F∂-s{X. \a-kvImcw \n¿h-ln-°m≥ I¬]n-°p∂ Hmtcm kq‡-
tØm-Sp-a-\p-_-‘n®v kImØv sImSp-°m-\p≈ \n¿tZ-ihpw ImWmw.
AXn-\m¬ kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS I¿a]q¿W-X°pw PohnX [\y-X°pw
kImØv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv F∂p hcp-∂p.
""\nßƒ \a-kvImcI¿aw IrXy-ambn \n¿h-ln-°-Ww. kImØv
sImSp-°p-Ibpw thWw.''
""Ah¿ ]›m- Ø - ] n- ° p- I bpw \a- k v I mcw \ne \n¿Øp- I bpw
kImØv sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ah¿ aX-Øn¬ \nß-fpsS
156
ktlm-Z-∑m-cmIpw.'' (9:11)
P\-ßƒ `c-W-Iq-S-Øn\v \¬Ip∂ tIhe \nIp-Xnb√ kIm-
Øv. {]XypX, a\p-jy¿ Xß-fpsS {kjvSm-hns‚ imk-\-Iƒ°-\p-
kr-X-ambn {kjvSm-hns‚ ap∂n-e¿∏n-°p∂ al-Ømb Bcm[-\-bm-
W-Xv. kImØpsIm≠v kzcq-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ \n[nb\p-`-hn-°m≥ A¿l-
cm-b-h-cm-sc∂v \n›-bn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.
IjvS-X-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-hcpw A√mlp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ sRcp-°-
s∏´p Ign-bp∂ Zcn-{Zcpw kImØv hIp-∏nse tPmen-°mcpw kXy-hn-
izm-kn-I-tfmSv lrZ-ssb-Iy-ap-≈hcpw tamN-\-am-{K-ln-°p∂ ASn-a-Ifpw
EW-_m-[y-X -aqew hnj-an-°p-∂-h-cpw ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ t]mcm-Sp-∂-
hcpw sXmgn¬, hnZym-`ymkw XpS-ßnb Bh-iy-ßƒ°p-th≠n bm{X
sNtø-≠n-h-cp-∂hcpw kIm-Øn-\-h-Im-in-I-fm-Wv.
""\n›-b-ambpw [¿a-ßƒ Zcn-{Z¿°pw ]mh-s∏-´-h¿°pw AXn\p
th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°pw lrZ-b-ßƒ CW-°-s∏-´-h¿°pw ASn-
a-tamN-\-Øn\pw ISw-sIm≠v he™h¿°pw A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-
Ønepw hgn-bm-{X-°mc∂pw Xs∂-bm-Ip-∂p. A√m-lp-hn¬\n∂p≈
\n¿W-b-as{X AXv. A`n-⁄\pw bp‡n-am-\p-am-Ip∂p A√mlp.''
(9: 60)
A¿l-cm-b-h¿°v ssZh-\oXym e`n-t°≠ Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-ambn
_‘-s∏-´-Xp-sIm≠v Bsc-¶nepw kImØv \¬Im≥ aSn-°p-∂p-sh-
¶n¬ Ah-cn¬\n∂v kImØv _ew{]tbm-Kn®v ]ncn-s®-Sp-°p-hm≥
Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿ-bn¬ A\p-hm-Z-ap-≠v. AXn-t\m-Sp≈ A\mZchv
A£-¥-hy-am-sW∂v alnX hN-\-ß-fp-ap-≠v:
""apkvenw Zcn-{Z-∑m-cpsS Bh-iy-Øn\v aXn-bm-Ip∂ XpI apkvenw
kº-∂-cpsS [\-Øn¬ A√mlp \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Zcn-{Z-
∑m¿ hnit∂m \·-cmtbm IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv Xß-fpsS
[\n-I-∑m-cpsS Zpjv{]-hr-Øn-sIm≠v am{X-am-Wv. Adn-bp-I: A√mlp
Ahsc ITn-\-ambn tNmZywsNøpw. Ah¿°v ITn-\-amb in£ \¬Ip-
Ibpw sNøpw.''
[\n-I-cmb apkvenw-I-fn¬\n∂v \n›nX \nc-°n¬ \n¿_-‘-ambn
]nc-ns®-SpØv \n¿ZnjvS P\-hn-`m-K-ßƒ°mbn hnX-cWwsNø-s∏-Sp∂
s]mXp-ap-X-embn kImØv ]hn-{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.
Zm\-[¿a-ßsf Ime-tZ-im-Xo-X-am-bn kI-ecpw ]pWy-I¿a-ambn
AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Zm\-amtbm DZm-c-X- sIm≠v \n¿h-ln-°-
157
s∏-Sp∂ ]pWy-hr-Øn-bmtbm Icp-X-s∏-SmØ kIm-Øns‚ khn-ti-

jX Nn¥-\o-b-am-Wv.
""`qan-bn-ep-≈-sX√mw \nßƒ°p-th≠n krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-\s{X
Ah≥'' (2: 29) F∂ kq‡w ssZh-Øns‚ A\n-tj-[y-amb A[o-i-
Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v a\p-jy-cm-insb A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. D]-t`m-Km-
h-Imiw am{X-ap≈ a\p-jy\v ÿmh-c-Pw-Ka hkvXp-°-fpsS ap∂n¬
£Wn- I - a mb Ime- t Ø- ° m- s W- ¶ nepw, Xm\m- W - X ns‚ Ah- I min
F∂v tXm∂n-tb-°mw. tIh-e-samcp tXm∂¬. BXy-¥n-I- hni-I-e-
\-Øn¬ F√m DS-am-h-Im-i-ßfpw DS-b-X-ºp-cm-\v D-≈-Xm-Wv.
`qan-bn-ep-≈-sX√mw a\p-jy¿°p th≠n-bmWv krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-sX∂v
ssZhw sXfn-®-dn-bn-®t∏mƒ ssZh-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ A\p-k-cWw
ImWn-°p∂ a\p-jy¿°v kmam-\y-ambn Hc-h-Imiw A\n-tj-[y-ambn
ssIh-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. AXmWv D]-t`m-Km-h-Im-iw. F∂m¬ A\p-`-hn-
°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw kaq-l-Øn¬ BcpsSsb¶nepw Ip-Ø-Ib√.
GsX-¶nepw hy‡ntbm hy‡n-Itfm P\-]-Ztam AXn¬ IpØ-I-b-
h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂psh-¶n¬ AXv ssZh-\n-µbpw ssZh-\n-tj-[-hp-am-Ip-∂p.
[\nI\v A√mlp \¬Inb kzØn¬ Zcn-{Z-∂p≈ Ah-Im-i-amWv
kIm-Øv. ""Ah-cpsS kzØn¬ tNmZn-°p-∂-h∂pw IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h∂pw
Adn-b-s∏´ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v''(70: 24, 25) F∂ hmIyw ChnsS AXoh
{it≤-b-a-s{X. kImØv \¬Im≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂-hs\ Jp¿-B≥
Cßs\ Xm°oXv sNbvXp:
""A√mlp Ahs‚ A\p-{K-l-Øn¬\n∂v sImSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xn¬
]nip°p ImWn-°p-∂-h¿ AXv Xßƒ°v \√-Xm-sW-∂v Hcn-°epw
158
[cnt°≠. AX- h ¿°v lm\n- I - c - a m- W v . Ah¿ ]nip°pImWn®

hkvXpsIm≠v A¥y-\m-fn¬ Ah¿°v ame-bnSpw.'' (3: 180)
]mh-s∏-´-hs‚ tamN\w ]≠v `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ hnj-b-am-bn-cp-
∂n-√. `c-W-IqSßƒ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNbvXXv kº-∂-cpsS Xm¬]-
cy-ßsfbmbn-cp-∂p. ""]pcm-X\ ImeØv Kh¨sa‚ v hy‡n-sbtbm
Ahs‚ Xm¬]- c y- ß - s ftbm {]Xn- \ n- [ o- I - c n- ° p- ∂ ps≠∂v Ah\v
tXm∂n- b n- c p- ∂ n√. {]XypX, {]Xy- £ - a mb Hcp {]tbm- P - \ hpw
\¬ImsX ]Ww ]ngn-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw Du‰n-°p-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂
Hcp i{Xp-hm-bn-´mWv Ah≥ Kh¨sa‚ns\ ho£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. X∑qew,
`mcw t]dn Xf¿∂ hy‡n \nIp-Xnsb Zp¿h-l-ambn ImWp-Ibpw
AXn¬\n∂v Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw tamN\w t\Sm≥ B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.'' Um¬‰¨ ]-ªnIv ^n\m≥kv
kImØv hgn Bcw-`n® kmº-ØnI hnπ-h-Øns‚ XpS°w Gsd
{i≤n-°-s∏-´p. Cu hnπ-h-Øn\v as‰mcp khn-tijX IqSn-bp-s≠∂v
Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. ]mh-s∏´ P\-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ Ah-
Imi kwc-£-W-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ Hcp HutZym-KnI hnπ-h-Øns‚
]cn-thjw AXn-\h-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ Ignbpw. km[m-cW \ne-bn¬ GXv
P\-]-Zhpw kzbw kwL-Sn-®p-sIm-≠mWv Xß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-kw-c-
£-W-Øn\p th≠n s]mcp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Atd-_y-bn¬ Ah-
iP\-hn-`mK-Øn\v e`n-t°≠ kImØv F∂ Ah-Imiw {]tbm-K-
Øn¬ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\p th≠n bp≤wsNbvXXv kº-∂cpw klm-_n-
Ifpw kaq-l-Ønse kp{]-[m-\n-Ifpw Dƒt®¿∂ `cWhn`m-K-am-bn-
cp∂p F∂-Xv k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-bmb khn-ti-j-X-b-s{X.
kImØv hmßp-Ibpw sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv Cam-am-Wv
F∂ hyhÿ t]mepw F{X DZm-Ø-am-Wv! kImØv \¬Ip∂ kº-
∂≥ kImØv A¿ln-°p∂ Hcp ]mh-s∏-´-h\v t\cn´v kImØv sImSp-
°p- t ºmƒ, sImSp- ° p- ∂ - h s‚ taem- f Øw AhnsS Xe- b p- b ¿Øn
159
F∂p hcmw. hmßp-∂-h≥ sImSp-°p-∂-hs‚ ap∂n¬ hnt[-b-\m-hp-

∂Xpw kzm`m-hn-Iw. sImSp-°p-∂-h≥ {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-hp∂ Hu≤-Xyhpw
hmßp-∂-h\n¬ kzm`m-hn-I-am-bp-≠m-hp∂ A[-aXzt_m[hpw Hgn-hm-
°m-\mWv kImØv Hcp \n[n-bmbn kw`-cn®v A¿l-X-s∏-´-h¿°v hoXn-
°p-∂Xv. sImSp-°p-∂h\pw hmßp-∂-h\pw AhnsS apJm-`n-apJw {]Xy-
£- s ∏- S p- ∂ n- √ . Acp- X mØ hnIm- c - Ø ns‚ t\¿Ø em©- \ -
t]mepap≠m-I-cp-sX∂pw A`n-am\w sX√p-w {hW-s∏-S-cp-sX-∂p-ap≈
\njvI¿j ]c-tam-XvIrjvS-a-s{X. kº-∂-cn¬\n∂v, Ah¿°v t\mth-
Xp-ap-≠m-°m-sX, Ah¿ an®wsh°p-∂-Xnsemcp ]¶v ]ncn®v kaq-l-
Ønse ]mh-s∏´ hn`m-K-Øn\v ]¶psh°p-tºmƒ kmaqly kpc-£n-
XXzw F∂ [¿a-amWhnsS km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
]q°-f-dn-bm-sX, Ah°v t\mthXpap-≠m-°msX Ah-bn¬\n∂v
a[p-IWw kam-l-cn®v tX\o-®-Iƒ a[ptiJ-c-ap-≠m°n a‰p-≈h¿°v
{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xp t]msebpw Pem-i-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ah-b-
dn-bmsX \ocm-hn-bmbn Pe-I-W-ßƒ kam-l-cn®v Icn-ta-L-ß-fm-Ip∂
Pe \n[nsbm-cp°n hcƒ®sIm≠v hn≠p ]nfcp∂ temI-Øn\v h¿j-
a-cp-fp-∂Xp t]mse-bp-amWv CXv km[n-°p-∂-Xv. lnwk-bpsS am¿K-
ta-Xp-a-h-ew-_n-°msX kº-∂-cn¬\n∂v [\kw-`-cWw km[n-®v ]mh-
s∏-´-hs‚ PohnXtamN-\-Øn\v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv ]cn-jvIrX
kaq-l-ßƒ°pt]mepw ]I¿Øm≥ ]‰p∂ H∂mwXc-samcp kmº-
ØnI ]≤-Xn-bm-Wv. Xs‚ Bhiyw Ign-®p-≈-Xn-semcp ]¶v ka-kr-
jvSßƒ°v th≠n sNe-h-gn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ssZh-am¿KØn-ep≈ hn\n-
tbm-K-am-Wv.
""hn`-h-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Nnesc a‰p Nne-sc-°mƒ A√mlp
sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. sa®w e`n-®-h¿ Ah-cpsS Iøn-ep≈ hn`hw
XßfpsS DS-a-bn-ep-≈-h¿°v \¬Ip-∂n-√. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ah-sc√mw
AXn¬ kamh-Im-in-I-fmWp Xm\pw. F¥v! A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-{K-
lsØ \ntj-[n-°p-I-bmtWm Ah¿ sNøp-∂Xv!'' (16: 71)
Ip∂p- I q- S n- ° n- S - ° p∂ kºØv AX¿ln- ° p∂ Ahihn`m- K -
Øns‚ ssII-fn-te°p IqSn {]k-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{Xta kº-Øns‚
ssZh-am¿K-Øn-ep≈ hn\n-tbmKw km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≈q. kaq-
l-Ønse Zp¿_-e-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ ZpxJ\nhr-Ønbpw AhnsS am{Xta
km[n-°p-∂p-≈q. kaq-l-Øns‚ Xmf-∏n-g-bmbn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ Ak-
¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-°-v AdpXnhcp-∂Xpw At∂cw am{X-am-Wv. Zcn{Zhn`m-
K-sØ Ah-K-Wn-°-cp-sX∂pw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´ Zcn{Zhn`m-K-amWv kaq-
160
l-Øns‚ alm im]-sa∂pw {]hm-N-I≥ Bh¿Øn-®-\p-kva-cn-∏n-®n-

´p-≠v. ssZhw Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn kq£n-∏p-Im-c-\mbn Xs‚ Iøn-
te¬]n-® kºØv ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄-°-\p-k-cn®v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-
hm≥ kº∂≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-Wv.
""Ah-cpsS kzØn¬ tNmZn-°p-∂-h∂pw IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h∂pw Adn-
b-s∏´ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v.'' (70: 24, 25)
CXv ]men- ° m- \ m- h - i y- a mb kw`- c WhnX- c W k{º- Z m- b - ß ƒ
A√mlp k\n-jvI¿jw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. kImØv ]ncn-s®-SpØv
JP-\m-hn-e-S-°-Ww. AXv AhnsS s]mXp kzØmbn amdpw. kw`-c-
Whpw hnX-c-Whpw Du\-a‰ coXn-bn¬, ssZh-kz-Øns‚ \n¿h-lW
hnip-≤n-tbmsS km[n-°-Ww.
""F¥mWv [¿awsNtø-≠sX∂v Ah¿ Xm¶-tfmSv tNmZn-°p-∂p.
Bhiyw Ign®v an®-ap-≈Xv F∂v Xm¶ƒ ]d-bp-I.''(2: 219)
kImØv sImSp-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®-h≥ Ckvem-an-t\mSv kacw
{]Jym- ] n- ® - h \mbn Icp- X - s ∏- S Ww F∂v Jeo^m A_q- _ - ° ¿
kqNn∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
{]hm- N - I s‚ ImeØv kImØv apS- ß msX sImSp- Ø p- t ]m- ∂
Nne¿ {]hm-N-I≥ acn-®-t∏mƒ kImØv sImSp-°m≥ hnk-ΩXw Imń-
Øp-S-ßn. Ah-cpsS at\m-`mhw K¿l-Wo-b-am-sW∂v Ahsc [cn-∏n-
°m≥ Jeo^ {ian®pt\m°n. AX-h-cn¬ ê-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-°n-bn-√.
Jeo^ klm-_n-amsc hnfn®v Imcy-hn-Nmcw \S-Øn. kImØv \ntj-
[n-Iƒs°-Xnsc Jeo^ bp≤w {]Jym-]n-®p. Ahsc s]mcpXn ]cm-
P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn. A_q-_-°¿ Cßs\ {]kvXm-hn-®p:
""A√mlp kXyw-! -\-_n°v sImSp-Øp-h-∂n-cp∂ Hcm-ń≥Ip-ńsb
hsc Ah¿ F\n°p Xcm≥ hnk-Ω-Xn®m¬ AXns\s®m√n Rm\-h-
tcmSv bp≤wsNøm-Xn-cn-°n-√.''
]Ww am{X-a-√, kº-tØXpw kIm-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-Wv. kImØv
sImSp-°msX kºØv kzImcy kzØm°n am‰p-∂-h¿°p ap∂n¬
{]hm-N-I≥ AXns‚ `hn-jy-Øp-Iƒ Adn-bn-®n-cp-∂p.
""kz¿Whpw sh≈nbpw A√m- l p- h ns‚ am¿KØn¬ sNe- h - g n-
°msX kq£n-®p-sh-°p-∂-h¿°p≈ thZ-\n-∏n-°p∂ in£-sb-°p-dn®v
ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-I. \c-I-Øo-bn-en´v AXv Np´p-]-gp-∏n-°p-Ibpw
"\nßƒ°p th≠n \nßƒ kºmZn-®p-sh-®-XnXm. AXn-\m¬ \nßƒ
161
kq£n®psh®Xns‚ cpNn BkzZn®psIm≈p-I' F∂v Ah-tcmSv ]d-

bp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS s\‰n-Ø-S-ß-fnepw ]m¿iz-ß-fnepw apXp-Ip-I-fnepw
NqSp-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Znhkw.''(9: 34-˛35)
""GXv P\X kImØv sImSp- ° m≥ hnk- Ω - X n- ° p- ∂ pthm
Ah¿°v am\- Ø p- \ n∂v ag XS- b - s ∏- S pw. \m¬°m- e n- I - f n- s √- ¶ n¬
Ah¿°v Hcn‰v ag e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.'' (C-_v\p-amP)
sIń-∏qńsh°m≥ imTyw]nSn-°p∂ apX-em-fn-am-cpsS [\w kaq-
l-Øns‚ hnime Xm¬]-cy-Øn\v Bh-iy-ambnh∂m¬ ]nSn-s®-SpØv
hyh-km-b-Øn-en-d-°m≥ Ckvem-anI `cWhn-[m-\-Øn\-[n-Im-c-ap-≠v.
{]hm-N-I≥ C°mcyw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂p:
""Ah-km\ \mfn¬ a\p-jys‚ ap∂n¬ IdpØp Ipdp-Inb Hcp
Imf-k¿∏w {]Xy-£-s∏-Spw. AXv Ahs‚ t\sc AXn-io{Lw Cg-
™-Sp-°pw. c£-s∏-Sm≥ {ian-°-W-sa∂v Ah\v tXm∂pw. F∂m¬
Ah≥ Xo¿Øpw \n -lm-b-\m-W-t∏mƒ. H∂-\-ßm≥ t]mepw Ign-
bmØ \n -lm-bX Ahs\ ho¿∏papń-°pw. B Icn\mKw Ahs‚
Im¬]-Øn-bn-eqsS Ahs‚ ico-c-Øn-te°v Cg™p-I-b-dpw. XWp-
∏p- d ™ h√msØmcp ac- h n- ∏ n\v hnt[- b - \ m- b Xp t]mse Ah≥
\n›e-\m-Ipw. At∏m-tg°pw Icn-\mKw Ahs‚ s\©n-eqsS Dcp-Ωn-
bn-g™v Igp-Øn-semcp hf-b-ambn Np‰n-h-cnbpw. AXv Ahs‚ apJ-
Øn-\-`n-ap-J-ambn Xe-bp-b¿Øn \n¬°pw. Ahs‚ IÆp-I-fn-te°v
AXv Npgn-™p-t\m-°pw. \m°v Nen-∏n-®p-sIm≠v AXv Ah-t\m-Sn-
ßs\ kwkm-cn°pw: ""\n\°v Fs∂ a\- n-emtbm? a\- n-em-bn-
°m-Wn-√. \osbs∂ C°m-e-a-{Xbpw s]ń-bn-en´v ]qń-bn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. sNe-h-gn-°-s∏-SmsX \o kzcq-]n-®p-sh® ]W-amWv Rm≥.'' B
Icn- \ m- K - Ø ns‚ IÆp- I - f n¬ t\m°n hn{`m¥nsIm≈mt\ Ah\v
At∂cw Ign-bq.''
^nXzv¿ kImØv F∂ t]cn¬ as‰m-∂p-≠v. CXpw Hcp \n¿_‘
Zm\-am-Wv. kImØv t]mse CXn\v hn]p-e-amb Dt±-iy-e-£y-ß-fn√;
I¿akz`m-h-hp-an-√. da-Zm≥ amkw, {hXm-\p-jvTm-\-Øns‚ kam-]-\-
k-µ¿`-Øn¬ t\mºp s]cp-∂mƒ (Cu-Zp¬ ^nXzv¿) BtLm-jn-°p-
∂-Xn-\mbn F√m-hcpw HØp-tN-cp-∂p. At∏mgpw Ckvemw kwkvIrXn
DXvI-WvT-s∏-Sp-∂p. F√m-hcpw BÀm-Z-Øn¬ Ign-bm≥ hn[n-°-s∏´
Cu Znhkw Bsc-¶nepw Blmcw Ign-°msX t\mhp Xn∂p-∂p≠m-
Iptam? D≠m-hmw. C√m-bn-cn-°mw. H∂pw Dd-∏n-°m≥ hø.
162
AXn-\m¬ Aßs\ t]mcm. F√m-hcpw Cu BtLmjZnh-k-sa-

¶nepw kp`n-£-ambn BlmcwIgn-°p-∂p≠v F∂p-d∏phcp-ØWw.
CXn\v Hcp hgn -am-{X-ta-bp-≈q. F√m-h¿°pw kar-≤-ambn Blmcw
sImSp-°p-I. AXmWv ^nXzv¿ kIm-Øv.
Ckvemw I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-a-\p-k-cn®v as‰mcp Zm\w IqSn-bp-≠v.
"kzZJ' F∂ t]cn-emWv AXv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CjvS-ap-≈-t∏mƒ
CjvS-ap-≈Xv B¿°p thW-sa-¶nepw Zm\w sNømw. CXn\v ]pWy-
I¿a-Øns‚ ]cn-th-j-ap-s≠-¶nepw CXn-t∑¬ aX-Øn\v \n¿_-‘-an-
√. kIe Zm\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kImØv hyXn-cn-‡-ambn \n¬°p-∂p.
Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n¿_-‘m-\p-jvTm-\-amb \n-kvImcw ]cm-a¿in-°sh ap∏-
tXmfw XhW kImØv A\p-kva-cn-®n-´p-≠v. CXv hnizm-k-Øns‚
\n_-‘-\-I-fn¬ s]Spw. A\p-jvTn-®m¬ ]pWyw, Hgn-hm-°n-bm¬ ]m]-
hpw. hm¿jnI hcp-am-\-Øn¬ kz¥w Bhiyw Ign®v \o°n-bn-cn-∏p-
≈- X ns‚ c≠c iX- a m- \ - a mWv kIm- Ø mbn \¬tI- ≠ - X v.
F¨]Ønc≠c {Kman¬ IqSp- X ¬ kz¿Ww Iøn- e p- ≈ - h \pw
kImØv \¬IWw. Ckv e m- a nI XØz- Z o£bn¬ Cu ]cn- [ n°v
hfsctbsd {]map-Jy-ap-≠v (A-d-_nbn¬ \nkm_v F∂mWv Cu ]cn-
[nsb ]cn- N - b - s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ - X v ) . Bb- h y- b - ß - f psS kXy- i p- ≤ - a mb
IW°v kq£n-°m\pw \nkm-_n\-∏p-dØv InS-°p∂ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚
]¶v bYm¿lw, bYm-Im-ew, bYm-ÿm-\-sØ-Øn-°m\pw apk¬am\v
aX-]-c-amb _m[y-X-bp-≠v. hnip-≤-Imew F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ da-Zm≥
amk-Ønse kImØv hn\n-tbmKw Ccń êw sNøp-sa∂v kXy-hn-
izmkn Icp-Xp∂p.
kº-∂-cpsS Xm¬]cyw A`wKw ]cn-c-£n®pt]m∂ ]g-b-Im-ew.
{]`p- ° - ∑ m- s cbpw ]ptcm- l n- X - ∑ m- s cbpw Ipeo\ hn`m- K - s Øbpw
am‰n\n¿Øn ]mh-s∏´ km[m-cW P\-ß-fpsS t\sc ]oU-\-ß-f-
gn®phn´v òI-c-`-cWw \S-Øn-t∏m-cp-∂-h-cpsS Imew. {Iqc-X-bpsS B
Imew ChnsS Xp≈n-Øn-a¿Øp Ign-bp-tºm-gmWv Ckvemw kwkvIr-
Xn-bpsS \qX\ kmº-ØnI Z¿i-\-Øns‚bpw `cWcwKsØ hnπ-
h-Øn-s‚bpw Imlfw apg-ßm≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv.
bqtdm]y≥ h≥I-c-bn¬ {Iao-Ir-X-amb `cWhyh-ÿ-Itfm \oXn-
\n-b-a-ßtfm A∂v {]tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xo¿Øpw A]-cn-
jvIr-Xn-bpsS Imew. Xtam-bp-K-sa-∂mWv Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ A°m-esØ
hnti-j-n∏n-®-Xv. Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS {]Im-i[m-c- hgn-s™m-
gpIm≥ XpS-ßn-bXv As∂mcp alm-kw-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.
163
kln-jvWp-X-bpsS kap-∂X ss]XrIw

P\m-[n-]Xy `cWhyh-ÿn-Xn-bnse `c-W-I-£n-bp-sSbpw {]Xn-]-£-
Øn-s‚bpw ÿm\-amWv Ckvem-anI `c-W-Øn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ°pw
a‰p aX- h n- ` m- K - ß ƒ°panS- b n¬ D≠m- b n- c n- ° p- I - s b∂v [cn- ° - c p- X v .
apkvenw cmjv{S-Øn¬ Aap-kvenw-Iƒ {]Xn-]£w F∂ t]cn-e√,
ZnΩn-I-ƒ (kwc-£nX hn`m-Kw) F∂ t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. {]hm-
N-I-s‚bpw A_q-_-°-dns‚bpw Da-dns‚-bp-sams° Imew {i≤n-°p-
tºmƒ "\n[n t]mse ImØpkq£n-°p∂ Hcp hn`mKw' F∂v Ckvem-
anI `c-W-Ønse Aap-kvenw-I-sf-∏-‰n- ]-d-bmw. apkvenw-Iƒ A[n-
Imcw Iøm-fp∂ I£n-bm-bn-´-√, {]Pm-]m-e-\-sa∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw
hln-°p∂ hn-`m-K-am-bn-´mWv AhnsS h¿Øn®-Xv.
Xßƒ A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS HuZmcywsIm≠v e`n-°p-∂Xv A\p-`-hn-
°m≥ am{Xw hn[n-°-s∏´, Ah-Im-i-sam-∂p-an-√m-Ø hn`m-K-am-sW∂
A[x-ÿn-X- am\--kn-Im-hÿ ZnΩn-Iƒ°n√. aX-]-c-amb Xß-fpsS
`n∂-hn-izmkw A`wKw kq£n-°p-hm\pw BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ kzX-
{¥-ambn \n¿h-ln-°-phm-\p-ap≈ ]ucm-h-Imiw kXy-thZw Ah¿°-
\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. "F\n°v Fs‚ aXw, \nßƒ°v \nß-fptSXpw' F∂-
dn-bn®psIm≠v aX-]-c-amb kl-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v klm-b-I-amb A¥-
co£ahnsS k÷-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
kln-jvWp-X-bpsS kwkvIr-Xn-bmWv Ckvemw. aZo-\-bn-emWv
Ckvem-ans‚ kzm[o\w kmaq-ly-cw-KØv BZy-ambn \ne-hn¬h∂Xv.-
ap-kvenw-Ifpw PqX-∑mcpw ss{IkvX-hcpw _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Ifpw
\nd™ aZo- \ - b psS kmaq- l y- c w- K Øv ]c- k v ] - c - h n- i zm- k hpw
kulm¿Zhpw kam-[m-\hpw ÿm]n-°p-hm-\mWv {]hm-N-I≥ BZy-
ambn {ian-®-Xv. Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn XΩn¬ X√nbpw Ie-ln®pw Ign™
kap-Zm-b-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ sFIyw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m\pw {]hm-N-I\v
km[n-®p. kXy-th-Z-Øns‚ ]pXnb ktµ-i-hp-ambn aZo-\-bn-se-Ønb
{]hm-N-I≥ BZy-ambn sNbvXXv hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb Hcp kmaqly
{Iaw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]mcp∂ Hcp kulrZ DS-ºSn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-s\mcp `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS `{Z-Xbpw in¬]-Nm-cp-X-
bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xßsf Bi-¶-tbmSpw Ahn-izm-k-tØmSpw IqSn
t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂-h-cpsS ktµl\nhr-Øn-°p-XIpw hn[w sXfn-hp-‰-
Xm-bn-cp∂p AXnse \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw ]cm-a¿i-ß-fp-sa-√mw. \m¬]-Øn-
164
tbgv JWvUn-I-I-fp≈ Hcp _rlXv tcJ-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. AX-\p-

k-cn®v:
˛ apkvenw-Ifpw aZo-\-bn-ep≈ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ, blq-Z¿ XpS-ßnb
CX-c-a-X-ÿcpw Hscm‰ P\-X-bmbn A\p-c-RvP-\-tØmsS Ign-
bpw.
˛ Hmtcm hn`m-Khpw Xß-fpsS hnizm-km-Z¿i--ßƒ ]cn-c-£n-°p-
Ibpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-tS-Xn¬ CS-s]-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
˛ i{Xp-hns‚ B{I-a-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc GXp hn`m-K-sØbpw a‰p
hn`m-K-ßƒ Iq´mbn klm-bn-°pw.
˛ bp≤-k-µ¿`-ß-fnepw kam-[m-\-Im-e-ß-fnepw ]c-kv]cw IqSn-
bm-tem-Nn-°pw.
˛ aZo-\-bpsS kwc-£Ww F√m-h-cp-sSbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzambn IW-
°m-°pw.
˛ aZo-\-bpsS aÆn¬ Bcpw c‡-sam-gp-°p-I-bn-√.
˛ A\o- X nbpw A{I- a hpw Bcv \S- Ø n- b mepw apkv e nw- I ƒ
AXns\ FXn¿°pw; {]Xn- t bmKn kXy- h n- i zm- k n- b m- b m¬
t]mepw.
˛ h√ X¿°-hp-ap-≠m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS
Xocp-am-\-Øn-\mbn ka¿∏n-°pw.
(C-Xp-t]mse kln-jvWp-Xbpw kua-\-kyhpw h¿Ww sImSpØ
Hcp `c-W-L-S-\m- in¬]w temI-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Hc-]q¿h-X-bm-sW∂v
hneyw aq¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.) aX-kzm-X-{¥yhpw kam-[m\]q¿W-
amb kl-h¿Øn-Xzhpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ Cu `c-W-L-S\ Jp¿-B-
\nI kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS kap∂Xnsb tLmjn-°p-∂p. sshhn-[y-am¿∂
hnizm-k-ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw kwc-£n®psIm≠pXs∂ GI-inem
Jfiw t]mse IcpØp‰ Hcp cmjv{S-ambn, sÛ-d¬ tÃ-‰mbn Hcp
Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-Øn\v Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v {]hm-N-I≥ t_m[y-
s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm hyXykvX hn`m-K-Øn\pw Ah-cpsS
hnNm-c-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°\p-kr-X-ambn Pohn-°m-sa∂pw cmjv{S-Øns‚
{]Xn-tcm[w XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ßƒ Iq´p-Ø-c-hm-ZnXzØn¬ s]Sp-∂-
h-bm-sW∂pw {]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. aZo-\-bnse F√m P\-
hn-`m-K-ßfpw ]pXnb `c-W-L-S\sb lrZ-b-]q¿hw kzmK-Xw sNbvXp.
hfsc Ime- t Ømfw B `c- W - L - S \ A£- c m¿Y- Ø n¬ Xs∂
165
{]tbmKØn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ka-\z-b-kw-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw kln-

jvWp-X-bp-sSbpw \nZ¿i-\-ambn h¿Øn® aZo-\-bnse `c-W-L-S-\sb
hne- b n- c p- Ø n- s °m≠v Ncn- { X- ] - fi n- X - \ mb hneyw - a q¿ Cßs\
XpS¿∂p:
""temI-Øn\v apsºm-cn-°epw ]cn-N-b-an-√mØ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp
aX-k-ln-jvWp-X-bmWv At±lw ({]-hm-N-I≥) {]N-cn-∏n®-Xv. a\p-jy-
a-X-Øn¬ kln-jvWpX Hcm-h-iy-am-sW-¶n¬ BZ¿i {]hm-N-I-s\∂
]Z-hn-°p≈ apl-Ω-Zns‚ Ah-Im-i-Øn\v CXv i‡-amb Hcp \oXo-
I-c-W-amWv.''
apkvenw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Akm-[m-cW hy‡nXzw ]pe¿Øn-
t∏m∂ Aapkvenw {]Xn-`-Isf Is≠Øn `c-W-cw-KØv ]e -]-Z-hn-
I-fnepw Ahsc Ah-tcm-[n-®-Xmbn Io¿Øn-°p∂ Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fp-
≠v. Jeo-^-am-cpsS ImeØv Aapkvenw hn`m-K-Øn¬ s]´ Nnesc
a{¥n-am-cmbn \nb-an-®n-cp-∂p. `c-W-]-c-am-b, Kuc-h-an-b∂ Nne Npa-
X-e-Ifpw Ahsc `c-ta¬]n-®n-cp-∂p. lnPvd c≠m-am-≠n¬ A_vko-
\n-b-bn¬ A`bw{]m]n® apkvenwIsf Xncn-®-b-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-
´p-sIm≠v a°-bn¬\n∂v Jpssd-in-I-fpsS Hcp \nth-ZI kwLw t]mbn-
cp-∂p. Ch-cpsS hmZ-ap-J-ßsf t\cn-´v, \nP-ÿnXn N{I-h¿Ønsb
t_m[n-∏n-°m≥ \_n Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-®p. A_vko-\n-b-bpsS {]m¥
{]tZ-iØv Ign-bp∂ Awdp-_v\p- D-aø F∂ Aapkvenw Bbn-cp∂p
B ZqX≥. bp≤X{¥-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-tem-Nn-°p∂ hnZKv[ kan-Xn-I-
fn¬ Aapkvenw {]Xn-`-Iƒ°v AwKXzw \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp s\kvtXm-
dn- b ≥ _nj∏v Hcn- ° ¬ Xs‚sbmcp kplr- Ø n- \ - b ® IØn¬
Cßs\ FgpXn:
""Cu Xzøp-Im¿(A-d-_n-Iƒ)°v ssZhw C°m-eØv \ΩpsS ta¬
B[n-]Xyw \¬Ip-Ibpw Ah¿ \ΩpsS bP-am-\-∑m-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw
sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah¿ {InkvXp-a-XsØ FXn¿°p-I-tb
sNøp-∂n√. adn®v \ΩpsS hnizmkw kwc-£n-°m≥ th≠Xp sNøp-
Ibpw \ΩpsS ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-scbpw ]pWy-hm-f-∑m-scbpw BZ-cn-°p-
Ibpw IqSn sNøp-∂p. \ΩpsS ]≈n-Iƒ°pw tIm¨sh‚p-Iƒ°pw
Ah¿ DZm-c-amb kw`m-h\ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.'' (tUm.- l-ao-
Zp√ D≤-cn-®-Xv)
Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ kph¿Wm-£-c-ß-fn¬ Pzen-°p∂ Nne
]cm-a¿i-ß-fp-≠v. AXn-sem∂v Da-dp_v\p A_vZn¬ Ako-kns‚ Hcp
hnfw-_-c-am-Wv:
166
""ZnΩn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ {]tXyIw {i≤n-°p-Ibpw Ah-tcmSv

kuay- a mbn s]cp- a m- d p- I bpw sNøp- h n≥. Ah- c n- e m¿s°- ¶ nepw
hm¿[Iyw _m[n-°p-Itbm Pohn-X-am¿Kw apń-t∏m-hp-Itbm sNbvXm¬
Ah¿°p th≠n sNehv sNtø-≠Xv \nß-fm-Wv. Ah-tcmSv _m[y-
X-bp≈ ktlm-Z-c-cp-s≠-¶n¬ Ah-tcmSv sNehp sNøm-\m-h-iy-s∏-
Sp-I. Ah\v Bsc-¶nepw h√ \jvShpw hcp-Øp-∂-Xm-bm¬ AXn\v
X° {]Xn-Imc \S-]Sn ssIs°m-≈pI.'' apl-ΩZv \_n Nc-a-i-ø-
bn¬ InS-∂ps-Im≠v Cßs\ ]d™p: ""A\ym-b-amb \nIp-Xn-Iƒ
dPn-Ã-dn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°p-I. ]g-b ^b-ep-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-I. GsX-¶nepw
apkven-an-t\mtSm Aap-kven-an-t\mtSm h√ A\o-Xnbpw sNbvXp-t]m∂n-
´p- ≈ - X mbn ImW- s ∏- ´ m¬ Abmƒ°v Abm- f psS Ah- I m- i - ß ƒ
Xncn®psImSp-°p-I.''
""Aapkvenw {]P-Isf Bsc-¶nepw D]-{Z-hn-®m¬ ]p\-cp∞m\
Znh-k-Øn¬ Rm≥ Abm-fpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂psIm≠p hmZn-°p-∂Xv
ImWm-hp-∂-XmWv.'' (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv)
Za- k v I - k nse ]≈n hn]p- e o- I - c n°m≥ kao- ] - Ø p≈ Hcp
{InkvXy≥ ]≈n s]mfn®v AXn-t\m-sSm∏w tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. Da-dp_v\p
A_vZn¬ Akokv C°m-cy-a-dn™v B `mKw s]mfn-®p-am‰n N¿®v
]p\x-ÿm-]n-°m≥ I¬]-\-bn´p. kXy-hn-izm-kn-bmb Jeo-^bpsS
lrZ- b - h n- i m- e - X - b n¬ BIr- j v S - c mb {Inkv X ym- \ n- I ƒ Aßs\
ths≠∂p ]d™p hnIm-c-hm-bvt]msS ]n∑m-dp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.
Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb as‰mcp cwKw:
CuPn-]vXnse {]i-kvX-amb Hcp apkvenw ]≈n. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS
FÆ-°q-Sp-X¬ PpapA \a-kvIm-cm-Zn-Iƒ°v hnj-a-ap-≠m-°n. ]≈n
hn]p-eo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv Hc-\n-hm-cy-X-bmbn t_m[y-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ hn]p-
eo-I-c-W-Øn\v sXm´-SpsØm∂pw `qan AIz-b¿ sNøm-\p-≠m-bn-cp-
∂n-√. ]≈n-°-Sp-Ømbn Hcp {InkvXob h\n-X-bpsS hk-Xn-bp-≠v.
]nXm-hns‚bpw `¿Øm-hn-s‚bpw hntbm-K-Øn\p tijw Ah-c-hnsS
ZpxJm¿Ø-bmbn Ign-™p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Bh-iy-amb \jvS-]-cn-
lmcw \¬In Ahsc AhnsS \n∂v am‰n-∏m¿∏n-®v hkXn s]mfn®v
]≈n-bpsS hn]p-eo-I-cWw \S-ØpI am{X-amWv Is≠-Ønb Htc
am¿Kw. F∂m¬ Xs‚ `¿Øm-hn-s‚-bpw ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw Hm¿a-Iƒ
Xßn-\n¬°p∂ B A¥-co£w hns´m-gn-bm≥ Ah-cn-jvS-s∏-ń-√.
{]iv \ w Kh¿W- d psS ap∂n- s e- Ø n. Kh¿W- d psS \n¿_- ‘ - Ø n\p
hgßn {InkvXob h\nX a\-an√m a\-t msS hosSm-gn-™p. X\n-
°mbn k¿°m-sdm-cp-°nb ]pXnb hoń-te°v Ah¿ Xmakw amdn.
167
k¿°m¿ Ah-cpsS hoSv s]mfn®v ]≈n hn]p-eo-I-cn-®p.

Hcp \mƒ ss{Ikv X h kv { XobpsS Hc- S pØ _‘p Ahsc
kµ¿in-°m-s\-Øn. Xocm-Zpx-J-Øns‚ `mchpw t]dn DÆmsX Dd-
ßmsX Ign-™p-t]m∂ B kv{XobpsS Zb-\o-bm-hÿ _‘psh
hnj-an-∏n-®p. kv{Xo Xs‚ Zp¿h-l-Zpx-J-ß-fpsS sI´-gn-®p:
""apsºms° Ddßm≥ InS-∂m¬ `¿Øm-hn-s‚-bpw ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw
ktN-X-\-amb Hm¿a F∂n¬ c£m-t_m[w hf¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. hoSv
amdn- b - t XmsS AXv ssItamiw h∂- X p- t ]m- s e. \nanjw tXmdpw
acn®psIm≠v Pohn-°p-I-bmWv Rm≥. Poh≥ s]men-bp-thmfw AX-
ßs\ XpS-cs´....''
Ah-cpsS hm°p-Iƒ _‘psh h√msX Akz-ÿ-\m-°n. Abmƒ
Hcp am¿Kw \n¿tZ-in-®p:
""Gsd sshIn-t∏m-sb-¶nepw Jeo^m Dadns\ kao-]n®v a\- -dn-
bn-°p-I. At±lw \√, henb a\p-jy-\m-Wv. ZpxJ-\n-hr-Øn-°mbn
At±-l-samcp hgn -I-s≠-Øpw.''
Xs‚ hkXn s]mfn®v ]≈n ]WnXv PpapA \a-kvIm-c-ß-sfms°
th≠ kuI-cy-tØmsS kam-cw-`n®p Ign™ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Hcp
{]Xo-£-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√¶nepw Hcp-\mƒ B ss{IkvXh h\nX
_‘p-thm-sSm∏w Jeo^m Da-dns‚ ap∂n-se-Øn; Imcyw \nth-Zn-®p.
£am-]q¿hw F√mw tI´ Da¿ CuPn-]vXnse Kh¿Wsd hnfn®v \nP-
ÿn- X n- b - t \z- j n- ® p. kXy- i p- ≤ - a mWv \nth- Z - \ - s a- ∂ - d n- ™ - t ∏mƒ
Jeo^ Kh¿W-tdmSv Cßs\ \n¿tZin-®p:
""Hcm-fpsS a\ v t\mhp-∂n-SØv ssZh-Øns‚ Bcm-[-\m-ebw
Db¿∂p-Iq-Sm. ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn ]≈n s]mfn®v, kv{XobpsS hkXn
]p\¿\n¿an®v Ah¿°v a\»m¥n \¬IpI.''
Ncn{Xw t]mepw tcma-l¿j-a-Wn™ \nan-jßƒ!
168
\n¿_-‘n®v aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w sNøn-°p-∂-h¿ aX-t_m-[-an-√m-Ø-

h-cm-sW∂v sXfn®p]d-bm≥ Ckvemw aSn-°p-∂n-√. ""Zo\n¬ \n¿_-
‘-a-cpXv'' F∂ hcn-jvS-h-N\w B kap-∂X kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS alnX
i_vZ-am-Wv. \n¿_-‘n®v aXwam‰¬ Ckvemw km[q-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. aX-
{]-t_m[\w am{X-amWv Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS ZuXyw.
""\o DW¿ØpI. \o DW¿Øp-∂-h≥ am{X-am-Wv. \o Ah-cpsS
ta¬ A[n-Im-c-ÿ-\-√.'' (88: 21)
""ktµiw FØn®pXcp∂ _m[yX am{Xta ssZh-Zq-X∂p-≈q.''
(5: 99)
""ssZh-Zq-X∂v _m[y-X-bp-≈Xv At±lw `c-ta¬]n-°-s∏´ Imcy-
Øn¬ am{X-amWv.'' (24: 54)
""ktµiw hy‡-ambn FØn®pXcnI F∂-X-√msX a‰p _m[y-
X-sbm∂pw ssZh-Zq-X-∂n√.'' (29: 18)
""F∂n´pw Ah¿ ]n∑m-dp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hm¿°pI: kXy-k-tµiw
hy‡-ambn FØn®psImSp-°pI F∂-X-√mØ Hcp- DØ-c-hm-ZnXzhpw
F\n-°n-√.'' (16: 82)
""AY- h m, C\nbpw Ah¿ ]n¥n- c n™p t]mhp- I - b m- s W- ¶ n¬,
\ns∂ \mw Ah- c psS kwc- £ - I - \ m- s bm∂pw Ab- ® n- ´ n- √ . \ns‚
_m[yX ktµ-i-sa-Øn-°¬ am{X-amWv.'' (42: 48)
""_lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Ifnem-sc-¶nepw \ns‚-b-SpØv A`bwtXSn
h∂m¬ Ah\v \o A`bw\¬Ip-I. Ah≥ ssZh-h-N\w tI´-dn-b-
s´. ]ns∂ Ahs\ kpc-£n-X-ÿm-\Øv FØn®psImSp-°p-I. Ah¿
Adn-hn-√mØ P\-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv Cß-s\-sbms° sNøp-∂-Xv''(9:
6). Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS AXyp-Zm-c-amb kao-]-\-Øn-\p≈ anI®
sXfn-hm-Wn-Xv. cmPy-t{Zm-ln-Iƒ°p t]mepw A`bwtXSn-sb-Øn-bm¬
A`bw \¬Ip-Ibpw Ckvem-ans\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.
AX-h¿ kzoI-cn-®n-s√-¶nepw kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw kwc-£-Whpw \¬I-
W-sa∂v Cu kq‡w A`n-hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.
kzbw {]Im-i-I-amb Hcp kq‡w IqSn D≤-cn-°s´: ""aX-Im-cy-
Øn¬ Hcp-hn[ _e-{]-tbm-K-hp-an-√. \∑-Xn-∑-I-fpsS hgn-Iƒ hy‡-
ambpw th¿Xn-cn™p Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ ssZth-Xc i‡n-
Isf \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw A√m-lp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h≥
apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-®Xv Dd-∏p≈ Ib-dn-em-Wv. A-X‰p -t]m-hn√.'' (2: 256)
169
{]hm- N - I ≥ ss{Ikv X - h - c p- a m- b p- ≠ m- ° nb k‘n kulrZw

AXy¥w «mL-\o-b-am-sW∂v k¿ tXmakv B¿tWmƒUv {]kvXm-
hn-®n-´p-≠v.
""aXhnizmkw cmjv{Sob Xm¬]-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v hnap‡-ambt∏mƒ
hy‡n- ] - c - a mb hnizm- k sØ Itø‰wsNøp- ∂ - X n¬\n∂- I ∂p\n∂
G‰hpw DZm-c-amb aXw Ckvem-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p ImWmw. cmjv{S-
Øns‚ `{ZX òj-Wn°v hnt[-b-amb kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Ckvem-anI
`c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ aX-]-c-amb GIo-I-c-W-Øn\v F√m am¿K-ßfpw kzoI-
cn-°m≥ k∂-≤-am-bn. At∏mƒ t]mepw Ckvem-anI aqey-ß-fn¬\n∂p-
bn¿sIm≠ DZm-c-XbpsS Cu XØzw AXns‚ ]c-a-Im-jvT-bn¬ Xs∂-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]oU-\-Øns‚bpw _em¬°m-c-Øn-s‚bpw bmsXmcp
hnZqc kv]¿iw t]mepw Hcn-S-Øpw \ap-°v ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√.''
Ckvemw kwkvIr- X n- b psS {]hn- i m- e - X - ° - I Øv
h¿K˛h¿W˛{]tZi hyXym-k-ß-fn-√; PmXnaXm-Nmc hnizmk hnt`-
Z-ß-fn-√. BZn ]nXmhv BZw; ]ns∂ ]c-º-c-I-fp-≠m-bn-. -AXv A\p-
kyqXw XpS-cp-∂p. Hcp t{kmX- n¬ \n∂m-cw-`n® a\p-jy-{]-hm-lw.
AXnse Hmtcm Pe-I-Whpw ktlm-Z-c¿. am\h ktlm-Z-ccpw Hcp
ssPhnI kXyw. a\- ns‚ t_m[y-a-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈
kzmX{¥yw Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. òj-Wnbpw t{]c-Wbpw {]tem-
`-\-hp-a√ kz¥w a\- ns‚ t_m[y-amWv ]c-aw. aX-{]-Nm-c-I\v \n¿_-
‘n-°mt\m \njvI¿jn-°mt\m Ah-Imian-√. {]hm-N-I≥ t]mepw
AXn-\-[n-Im-cn-b-√. ssZhw t_m[y-am-Wm-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.
Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bn¬ Gsd sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏´ hnj-b-ß-fn-
sem- ∂ mWv Pnkv- b . AXv HcpXcw ]ng- b psS ]cn- t h- j - a -
Wn™p\n¬°p∂ ]oU-\m-fl-I-amb Hcp \nbaw F∂mWv ]ecpw
[cn®psh®n-´p-≈-Xv. Pnkv-b-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hni-I-e\w Gsd kwK-X-
am-Wn-hnsS.
ssk\nI tkh-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ apkvenw-Iƒ°pw Aap-kvenw-
Iƒ°p-an-S-bn¬ Hcp hyXymkw I¬]n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. CkvemwaX-Øn-
s\-Xn-cmbn bp≤wsNøp-∂-hsc apkvenw-Iƒ°v sNdp-t°≠n hcpw.
At∏mƒ Aap-kvenw-Iƒ°v apkvenw ]£Øp\n∂v bp≤wsNøp-∂-
Xn¬ {]bm-k-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. Hcm-Z¿i cmjv{SØns‚ BZ¿i-hp-ambn
tbmPn-°m-Ø-h¿°v ssk\n-I-tk-h\w {]bm-k-I-c-ambncn°pw. AXv
kzm`m- h n- I w. AXpsIm≠v Aap- k v e nw- I ƒ°v ssk\nI tkh- \ -
Øn¬\n∂v Hgn-™p-\n¬°m≥ A\p-hmZw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬
170
AXn\p ]I-c-ambn Hcp Xe-hcn sImSp-°-Ww˛ AXmWv Pnkvb.

Pnkvb ssk\nI tkh-\-Øn\v ]I-c-ambn am{X-a√; Ah-cp-sSbpw
\mSn-s‚bpw kwc-£Ww apkvenw-Iƒ Gs‰-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xn\p IqSn-bm-
Wv . ssk\y- Ø n¬ tkh- \ - a - \ p- j v T n- ° p∂ Aap- k v e nw- I - f n¬\n∂v
Pnkvb CuSm-°p-I-bn-√. kwc-£Ww \¬Im≥ apkvenw-Iƒ°v km[n-
°mØ kµ¿`-ß-fp-≠m-b-t∏mƒ ]ncn® XpI- Xn-cn®psImSp-Ø-Xmbn
Ncn{X tcJ-I-fp-≠v. cmjv{S-Øn\v KWy-amb tkh\w \¬In-b-h-
scbpw hr≤¿, kv{XoIƒ, Ipń-Iƒ, Zp¿_e¿, Zcn-{Z¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-
scbpw Pnkv-b-bn¬ \ns∂m-gn-hm-°n-bn´p-≠v. Pnkvb H´pw `mcn-®-Xp-
ambncp∂n-√. \_n-bpsS ImeØv Hcm-fn¬\n∂v ]Øp Zn¿l-amWv
hkq-em-°n-b-ncp-∂-Xv. (]Øp Znh-ksØ sNe-hn\v th≠nhcp-∂
XpI)
apkvenw-Iƒ {]Xn-h¿jw kImØv sImSp-°-Ww. Aßs\ Xß-
fpsS kºm-Zy-Øn-s‚ c≠c iX-am\w JP-\m-hn-te°v \n¿_-‘-am-
bn-Øs∂ AS-®n-cn-°Ww. Hcn-kvem-anI cmjv{S-Ønse \n¿ZnjvS [¿a
I¿a-ß-fpsS \n¿h-l-W-Øn-\mbn B \n[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
kaq-l-Øn-se kº-∂cpw A√m-Ø-hcpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw Hc-f-
hn¬ Ipd®psIm≠phcm\pw AXp-hgn kmº-ØnI k¥p-en-XXzw
{]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øm\pw AXv klm-bn-°p-∂p. apkven-ans‚ aX-
]-c-amb kmº-ØnI _m[y-X-bmWv kIm-Øv.
apkvenw-I-f-√m-Ø-h-cn¬\n∂v kImØv ]ncn-°p-∂Xv ta¬ Im-c-
W-ßƒsIm≠pXs∂ A\p-Nn-Xhpw A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-hp-am-Wv. AXv
A\y-aX ]oU\-ambn hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ ImcyØnepw ktµ-
l-an-√. AXn-\m¬ tÃ‰nse kIe Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂ ]uc-
∑m-sc∂ \ne°v a‰p aXhnizm-kn-Ifpw tÃ‰v JP-\m-hn-te°v Xß-
fptSXmb Fs¥-¶n-ep-samcp hnlnXw \¬I-W-sa-∂p-≈Xv ]ucs‚
_m[y-X-bm-sW∂p hcp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bmWv Pnkvb-bpsS {]k-‡n.
apkv e nwIf- √ m- Ø - h ¿ Pnkv b sImSp- ° - W - s a∂\pim- k n- ° p- t ºmƒ
apkvenw-Iƒ am{Xw sImSp-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-amb kIm-Øn-s\-°p-dn®v
]e-cp-tam¿°m-dn-√.
bp≤Ime-Øv, \n w-K-\m-bn bp≤-Øn¬\ns∂m-gn™p\n¬°m≥
Hcp kXy-hn-izm-kn°v km[y-a-√. Ah≥ bp≤-Øn¬ ]s¶-SptØ
Xocq. AXv Ahs‚ ssZhn-I-_m-[y-X-bm-bn -I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬
Aap-kven-ans\ ssk\nI _m[y-X-bn¬ \ns∂m-gn-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
Ckvemw Z¿i-\-a-\p-k-cn®v bp≤w ssZhnIZuXy-am-sW-∂XpsIm≠v
171
AXn\v aXm-fl-I-amb ]cn-th-j-ap-≠v. Pnlm-Zmbn hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-

Sm-dp-ap-≠v. AXn-\m¬ ssk\nI tkh\w apkvenw-I-f-√m-Ø-h¿°pw
\n¿_- ‘ - a m- ° n- b m¬ AXv ]c- a Xt{Zml- a mbn Nn{Xo- I - c n- ° - s ∏- S p-
sa∂pw a‰p aX-hn-izm-kn-Isf kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw AXv hnIm-c-]-
c-amb hnj-am-h-ÿ°v Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂pw {]hm-N-I≥ a\- n-
em-°n-. AXpsIm≠mWv Ckvem-anI tÃ‰v Aap-kvenw-Iƒ°v bp≤w
\n¿_-‘n-X-a-s√∂v \n›-bn®Xv. Ahn-izm-kyX sImt≠m aX-]-c-
amb Akv ] r- i yX sImt≠m A√ CXv . F∂m¬ kza- \ - mse
ssk\nI tkh\ cwKØv {]h¿Øn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p∂ Aap-kven-
an\v hne-s°m-ń√ Xm\pw. Aßs\ ssk\nI tkh-\-Øn\v kzbw
k∂-≤-\mbn apt∂m´phcp∂ Aap-kven-ans\ Pnkv-b-bn¬\ns∂m-gn-
hm-°n-s°m-≠p≈ \nb-ahpw Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-°-I-Øp-≠v.
hy‡n-]-c-amb Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°-∏p-dØv kaq-lw, cmjv{Sw F∂o
taJ-e-I-fn-te°v Xs‚ i‡nbpw {i≤bpw hym]n-∏n-°m≥ ]cn-{i-an-
°p-∂-h-tcmSv Ckvem-anI `c-W-IqSw kvt\lhpw \µnbpw {]I-Sn-∏n®p
t]m∂n- ´ p- ≠ v . ssZh- a m¿K- Ø n- e p≈ {]hrØn Fhn- s S- ° - ≠ mepw
AXns\ «mLn-°p-hm\pw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ckvemw kwkvIr-
Xn°v km[n-®n-cp-∂p. cmjv{S kwc-£-W-Øn\v Aap-kvenw-Iƒ kzbw
k∂-≤-cmbn apt∂m´ph-∂XpsIm≠v aZo-\-bn¬ Ckvem-anI cmjv{Sw
cq]-s∏-´-t∏mƒ {]hm-N-I≥ Ahsc Pnkvb-bn¬\ns∂m-gn-hm-°p-I-bp-
≠m- b n. ssItdm- h n¬\n∂v sN¶- S - e n- t e°v Hcp tXmSp- s h- ´ m- \ p≈
ÿew sXcs™-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn® Aap-kven-an-s\, IrX-⁄Xm
kqN-I-ambn Pnkv-b-bn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm°ns°m≠p≈ DØ-c-hn-d-°m≥
Jeo^m Da¿ DZm-cX ImWn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.
Hcn-°¬ Jeo^m Da¿ sXcp-hn-eqsS \S-∂p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
hgn-bn¬ Hcp hr≤-bmNIs\ I≠p-ap-ń. At±lw Hc-‘-\m-bn-cp-∂p.
Bcnepw A\p- X m- ] - a p- W ¿Øm≥ t]mcpwhn[w Zb- \ o- b - a m- b n- c p∂p
AbmfpsS kzchpw {]Ir-X-hp-sa-√mw. Jeo^m Da¿ bmN-I-\pambn
kwkm-cn-®p. Abmsfmcp PqX-aXhnizm-kn-bm-sW∂v a\- n-em-bn.
Pnkvb sImSp-°m≥ t]mepw Ign-bmsX ZpcnXwXn∂pIgn-bp∂ bmN-
Is\ Da¿ Xs‚ `h-\-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn. `£-Whpw At]-
£-b-\p-k-cn®v Pnkv-b-°m-h-iy-amb Imipw sImSpØv bmN-Is\ bm{X-
bm-°n. At∏mƒ Xs∂ Da¿ J-P-\mhv kq£n-∏p-Im-c\v Cß-s\-sb-
gp-Xn:
"".....-A-bm-sfbpw AXp-t]m-ep-≈-h-scbpw Is≠-Øp-I. ssZhw
km£n-! A-bm-fpsS buh\w \mw `pPn-°p-Ibpw hm¿[-Iy-am-b-t∏mƒ
172
hgn-bm-[m-c-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv \oXn-b-√.'' AtXm-sS-

bmWv \n¿[\-scbpw A‘-scbpw hr≤-P-\-k-aq-l-sØbpw Pnkvb-
bn¬ \ns∂m-gn-hm-°n-s°m≠p≈ DØ-c-hn-d-°n-b-Xv.
Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-b-\p-k-cn®v aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßƒ kpc-£n-X-
cm-Wv. Ah-cpsS Poh\pw kzØn\pw AhnsS ]c-am-h[n kwc-£Ww
e`n-°p-∂p.
""kq£n®psIm≈p- I , Aapkv e nw {]P- I sf h√- h \pw ASn- ® -
a¿Øp-Itbm Ah-cpsS ta¬ Ign-hn-\-Xo-X-amb \nIpXn`mcw sIń-
tb¬∏n-°p-Itbm Ah-tcmSv {Iqc-ambn s]cp-am-dp-Itbm Ah-cpsS Ah-
Im-i-ßƒ shń-°p-d-°p-Itbm sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ A¥y-hn-[n-\m-
fn¬ Ah-s\-Xn-cn¬ Rm≥ kzbwXs∂ ]cm-Xn-t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv''
(A- _ q- Z m- h q- Z v ) F∂ {]hm- N IhN\w AXoh {it≤- b - a m- W v .
bp≤wsNbv X pw Ah- c psS Poh\pw kzØpw kwc- £ n- t °- ≠ - X m-
sW∂pw Ah- c psS ta¬ Aan- X - a mb \nIpXn Npa- Ø - c p- s X∂pw
Jeo^m Da¿ Xs‚ acWiø-bn¬ sh®p t]mepw ]d-™n-cp-∂p.
shfn-®-Øns‚ cmP-ho-Yn-bn-eqsS
ssZh-Z-Ø-amb hntij_p≤nsIm≠v A\pKr-lo-X-\mWv a\p-jy≥.
""Ahs\ BZ-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂ thZ-{KŸ hN\w krjvSn-bn-ep≈
Ahs‚ hyXn-cn-‡-Xsb Io¿Øn-°p-∂p. ssZhw Xs‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-
bm-bn-´mWv a\p-jys\ Ctßm´b-®-sX¶n¬ Ah≥ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-
Sm≥ am{Xw \n m-c-\-√. krjvSn-I-fn¬ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-h-\m-W-
h≥.
hy‡nkwkv I - c - W - Ø n- e qsS kaqlw kwkv I - c n- ° - s ∏- S p- ∂ p.
Aßs\ AsXmcp kap-∂X kaq-l-ambn amdpw. ka-Xz-]q¿W-amb
Hcp kmaq-lnI hyh-ÿ-˛-Hcp ssZhw, ]ns∂ ssZh krjvSn-I-fpsS
{]hn-im-e-amb Hcp IpSpw-_w. {kjvSm-hns‚ GI-Xz-Øn¬ hniz-kn-
°p-∂, hniz-Ip-Spw-_sØ kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p∂ kph¿W-X-¥p-hmWv
ssZhw. hn`m-Ko-b-X-I-sf√mw AhnsS Aen-™-en-™n-√m-Xm-hp-∂p.
AhnsS h¿K-an-√, h¿W-an-√, ]cn-ko-an-X-amb {]tZ-i-t`-Z-ß-fn-√. hnk
Bh-iy-an-√msX Fhn-sSbpw \n¿_m[w k©-cn-°m≥ IpS \nh¿Øn-
∏n-Sn® Hcp \mK-cnI hnti-j-am-W-Xv. B \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ]c-am-h-
ew_w a\p-jy-\m-Wv. as‰m-∂p-a-√. _mly-amb D]m-[n-Isfm∂p-a-Xn-
173
\n-√. CSp-ßnb Xm¬]-cy-ß-sfm∂pw AhnsS apJwImWn-°m-s\-Øn-

bn-cp-∂n-√. Bflo-b-X-bp-sSbpw ùXn-I-X-bp-sSbpw kwbp-‡-cq-]-am-
W-Xv. Bflm-hn-s\bpw ico-c-sØbpw aX-sØbpw cmjv{S-sØbpw
AXv ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p-∂p.
hwio-b-X-sbbpw h¿Ko-b-X-sbbpw B \mK-cn-IX A\p-Iq-en-°p-
∂n-√. AsX√mw Dc®v ambv®v hnizam\-hn-I-Xsb sXfn®pImńb aX
Z¿i-\-amWv Ckvemw. ""am\p-jy-I-Øn-s\m∂mb-√msX \ns∂ \mw
Ab-®n-ń-√'' F∂ Jp¿-B\nI hN\w B alnX kwkvIr-Xn-bn-te°v
hgn \bn-°p∂p.
tZio-bX AYhm tZio-b-hmZw k¶p-Nn-X-amb kzm¿YX-bn-te-
°mWv kaq-lsØ \bn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Ckvemw Is≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. ""hwio-b-X-bpsS t]cn¬ bp≤wsNbvX-ht\m Aßs\ acn-®-
ht\m \Ωn¬ s]´-h-\-√'' F∂ hN\w {]Im-i\wsNøp∂ ktµiw
as‰m-∂-√. Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS aqe{]amWw A√m-lp-hnepw
kXyth- Z - Ø n- e p- a p≈ AN- © - e - a mb hnizm- k - a m- W v . AXp- s Im≠v
h¿K-Øn-s‚tbm hwi-Øn-s‚tbm ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xpw
kwL-Sn-°p-∂Xpw Acp-Xm-Ø-Xm-W-hn-sS. \njvI-]-S-amb hy‡nhnip-
≤n-bnepw A®-S-°-]q¿W-amb IpSpw_ kwhn-[m-\-Ønepw kln-jvWp-
Xbpw kua-\-kyhpw Ifn-bm-Sp∂ kmaqly hyh-ÿ-bnepw ZØ{i≤-
amb H∂s{X Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-Xn. AXns‚ hn`m-h-\-bn¬ {]`m-
kn-°p∂ cmjv{S-Øn¬ a¿Z-\hpw Nqj-W-hp-an-√. Ah-kckaXzw Hcp
khn- t i- j - X - b m- W - h n- s S. `{Z- a mb Ckv e m- a nI cmjv { SLS\ Ah-
Imi[zwk-\sØ FXn-¿°p-∂p. kam-Z-c-Wo-b-amWv kv{XoXzw F∂v
tLmjn-°p-∂p. AhnsS ASn-aØw Cuizc \nµbpw kaql im]-hp-
am-Wv. B {]hn-ime IpSpw-_-Øn¬ hni-°p-∂-h\pw DSp-Xp-Wn-bn-√m-
Ø-h\pw Ah-i\pw A\m-Y-\p-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn√. sXmgn-em-fn°v hnb¿∏m-
dp-∂-Xn\p aptº thX\w In´p-∂p. ]m]-c-ln-Xhpw hnizmkhnip-≤hpw
DØ-a-hp-amb Hcp kaq-l-am-W-Xv.
ssZhw GIhpw AJ-fi-hp-am-sW∂pw a\p-jy∂pw ssZh-Øn-
\p-an-S-bn¬ ]utcm-ln-Xy-sa-∂Xv Im]Syw \nd™ \pW-bm-sW-∂p-
ap≈ sXfn-hp‰ Z¿i\w A\m-h-cWw sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv Ckvemw
P\-a-\- p-Isf kao-]n-®-Xv. ad-®p-]n-Sn-°m-s\m-∂p-an-√mØ kzbw {]Im-
i-I-amb Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-hpw kXy-th-Z-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS A°me
kaq-lhpw Ing-°n-s‚bpw ]Sn-™m-dn-s‚bpw at\m-ap-Ip-c-ß-fn¬ sXfn-
™p-hn-f-ßn. Gsd sshImsX hn{K-lm-cm-[-\°pw _lp-ssZh hnizm-
174
k- Ø n- \ p- s a- X nsc Nn¥n- ° m≥ XpS- ß n- b - h - c psS FÆw IqSn- h - ∂ p.

t]m∏n¬\n∂pw ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn¬\n∂pw hn\n¿ap-‡-amb kXy-thZ
kwkvIr-Xn-tbmSp sXm´p-cpΩn\n¬°m-\p≈ B¥-cnI t{]cW Ah-
cn¬ hf¿∂p-h-∂p. P¿a\n-bnse s{]m´-Ã‚ v aX-\-ho-I-cW {]ÿm-
\-Øns‚ kmc-Yn-bmb am¿ń≥ eqYdn¬ (1483-˛1546) hnNm-c-hn-π-h-
Øns‚ kv ^ penw- K - ß - f p- b ¿Øn- b - X n¬ Ad_v Z¿i- \ - Ø ns‚
kzm[o\w A\¬]-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v At±lw Xs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn-´p-≠v. AXn\v Iptd aptº Xs∂ Ckvem-anI Zm¿i-\n-I-∑m-cpsS
{KŸ-ßƒ em‰n≥ `mj-bn-te°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. eqY-
dns‚ Ime- a m- I p- t ºm- t g°v bqtdm- ] y≥ k¿h- I - e m- i m- e - I - f n- e msI
Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-ßƒ ]T\hnj-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. N¿®pw tÃ‰pw
XΩn¬ Iqń-°p-g-bm-Xn-cn-°-W-sa∂ hnNm-c-KXn bqtdm-∏n¬ i‡n-
s∏-´-Xns‚ ]nd-In¬ t]mepw Ckvem-anI Z¿i\w hnf-bn-s®-SpØ khn-
tij kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ kzm[o\w ImWmw.
ùXn-I-˛-B-flo-b-X-I-fpsS ka-\z-b-am-bmWv Ckvemw {]Xy-£-
s∏-´-Xv. CXv a‰p \mK-cn-I-X-Isf {it≤-b-amw-hn[w kv]¿in-®p. c≠pw
]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ß-fm-sW∂p I≠ PqX-˛-ss{I-kvXh k¶¬]-ßsf
AXp-e-®p. imkv{X-⁄m\w aX-hn-cp-≤-ambn Icp-Xn-t∏m∂ \mń¬
AXv aX-Øns‚Xs∂ ASn-ÿm\ ine-bm-sW-∂-dn-bn® Ckvemw-aXw
temI- K Xn Xncn- ® p- h n- ´ p. ssZhnI hnizm- k sØ \mK- c n- I - X - b psS
aqe{]am-W-ambpw Ckvemw Icp-Xn. ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øn¬ Du∂n\n∂
\mSp-Iƒ aS-°-bm-{X-bm-cw-`n-®Xv AtXm-sS-bm-Wv.
aX Zm¿i-\n-I-cmb De-am-°-fpsS ssh⁄m-\nI {KŸ-ßƒ Cw•o-
jn-te°v hym]-I-ambn ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´p. sshZyimkv{X-cw-KsØ
CXn-lm-k-am-b-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ C_v\p-ko-\-bpsS A¬-Jm-\q≥ samgn-am‰w
sNø-s∏-´-Xv 12-˛mw \q‰m-≠n-em-bn-cp-∂p. 13-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-
am-Ip-tºm-tg°v dmkn-bpsS A¬lmhn F∂ _rlZv{KŸhpw `mjm-
¥-co-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. 16-˛mw \q‰m≠p hsc sshZy-im-kv{X -]-T-\-X-e-Øn¬
bqtdm∏v Xo¿Øpw B{i-bn-®Xv Ad_v imkv{X{KŸ-ß-sf-bm-bn-cp-
∂p. {Ko°v XØz-im-kv{X-hp-am-bn-t∏mepw bqtdm∏v _‘w ]pe¿Øn-
bXv Ah-bpsS Ad_v `mj-bnse ]cn-`m-j-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a[y-
bp-K-Ønse Hcmdp \q‰m-≠p-Im-e-sa-¶nepw bqtdm-∏ns‚ ⁄m\-hn-
⁄m\ cwK-ß-fnse A[ym-]Icpw hgn-Im-ń-I-fp-sa√mw Ad_n {]Xn-
`- I - f m- b n- c p- ∂ p. B ImesØ imkv { X- h n- i m- c - Z - ∑ m- c mb tdmP¿
t_°¨, entbm-\m¿Uv, F¿s\m A¬^≥ Jz\n, sdbva≠v tem´v,
sk≥tXm-a, B¬_¿´v, Bkvt^m-\njv XpS-ßn-b-h-sc√mw B[n-Im-
175
cn-I-ß-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ B{i-bn-®Xv Ad_n {KŸ-ß-sf-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

G.Un. 1349˛¬ C‰m-en-b≥ Ihnbpw t\mh-en-Ãp-amb s_m°m-
®ntbm "sS≥tam¨kv' (U-°m-a-d≥) F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏´ IY-
I-sf-gp-Xn. Ad-_n-°-Y-I-fpsS ioen-em-Wh Ah-X-cn-∏n°-s∏-´-Xv.
P¿a≥ \mS- I - I r- Ø mb en nßpw ( Lissing ) hniz- h n- J ym- X - \ mb
tjIvkv]n-b¿ t]mepw CXns‚ BI¿jW he-b-Øn\p ]pd-Øm-
bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v \ncq-]-I-temIw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. B[p-\nI BwK-
teb Ihn-X-bpsS ]nXm-hmbdnb-s∏-Sp∂ Iuk¿ (Chaucer 1340-˛1400)
Fgp-Xnb Im‚¿_dn IY-Ifnepw Ums‚-bpsS kap-∂X Zm¿i-\nI
Imhy-amb Unssh≥ tIma-Un-bnepw Ad_nkmln-Xy-Øns‚ kzm[o-
\X {]I-S-am-sW∂v B¬_¿´v hneyw Cultural Heritage F∂ {KŸ-
Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. The Arabian Nights F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚
ap∂q-dn-e-[nIw ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ bqtdm-]y≥ `mj-I-fn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-
s∏-ń-cp-∂p F∂m-W-dn-bp-∂-Xv. Ut^m-kns‚ tdm_n≥k¨ {Iqtkm,
kzn^vSns‚ bm{Xm-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw Atd-_y≥ ss\‰vkn-
s‚bpw Ad_v Zm¿i-\n-I-\mb C_v\p Xpss^-en-s‚bpw ]›m-Ø-
e-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-´-h-bm-sW∂pw \ncq-]ItemI-Øn\-`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v. ]e
bqtdm-]y≥ `mj-I-fnepw ImWp∂ Ad_v ]Z-ß-fpsS kw{I-aWw
shfn-hm-°p-∂Xv Ad_v`mjm kmln-Xy-hp-ambn Ah-°p≈ kPoh
_‘- a m- W v .
i‡hpw Bkq-{Xn-X-hp-amb Hcp cmjv{Sob hyhÿ A∂v bqtdm-
176
∏n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. s\t∏m-fn-b≥ CuPn]vXv Iogvs∏-Sp-Ønb Ime-

ØmWv {^©v \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS B[m-c-in-e-bm-bn-°-cp-X-s∏-Sp∂
"InXm_v CJveo¬' F∂ {]kn≤ \nba{KŸw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ø-
s∏-´-Xv. ]pcm-X-\-Im-eØv (a-[y-Im-e-Ø-pt]m-epw) bqtdm-∏n¬ a\p-jym-
h-Im-i-ßƒ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂n-√. `c-Wm[n-Im-cnbpw P\-ßfpw
XΩn-ep≈ _‘w bP-am-\-˛`rXy _‘-Øn\p kZr-i-am-bn-cp-∂p.
tkz—m-\p-kmcw cmPmhv s]cp-am-dnbmepw AXn¬ Xr]vXn `mhn-°pI
am{X-am-bn-cp∂p {]P-I-fpsS {]Ir-Xw. Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-IX \ne-
hn- e p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ Ad_v \mSp- I - f n¬ \ne hyXy- k v X am- b n- c p- ∂ p.
AhnsS P\-lnXw ]c-a-ambn AwKo-I-cn°s∏ń-cp-∂p. cmPm-hns\
hna¿in- ° m- \ p≈ A[n- I mcw P\- ß ƒ°p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. H- c n- ° ¬
Jeo^ Da¿ Xs‚ HutZym-KnI {]`m-jWw \n¿h-ln-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p.
At∏mƒ ""Fs‚ hm°p- I ƒ tIƒ°p- I , A\p- k - c n- ° pI'' F∂v
At±lw ]d-™p. At∂-c-sam-cmƒ NmSnsbgp-t∂-‰v, kz¬]w i_vZ-
ap-b¿Øn-s°m≠v Cßs\ {]Xn-I-cn-®p:
""Rßƒ°v A\p- h - Z n- ° - s ∏´ hkv{Xw F{X Ipd- ® mWv!
Xm¶ƒs°-ßs\ Cßs\ Xp∂n-bn-Sm≥ hkv{Xw e`n®p?''
kZ v \n»-_vZ-am-bn. Jeo^ Da¿ Hcp \nanjw au\w `Pn-®p.
At±lw Xs‚ aI-\mb A_vZp-√-bpsS t\sc t\m°n. A_vZp√
Fgp-t∂‰v Cßs\ ]d™p:
""Fs‚ hnlnXw IqSn Rm≥ _m∏m°v \¬In. AXm-W-Xv. _m∏
Ahn-ln-X-ambn H∂pw D]-tbm-Kn®nń-√.''
CXp tI´t∏mƒ kwXr-]vX-\mb ]cm-Xn-°m-c≥ ]d™p: ""kt¥m-
j-am-bn. A`n-am-\hpw tXm∂p-∂p. C\n Rßƒ ]q¿W a\-t msS
Xm¶-fpsS {]kwKw {i≤n-°mw. A\p-k-cn-°mw.'' Hcp km[m-c-W-°m-
c≥, cmjv{S-Øns‚ alm kmc-Yn-s°-Xnsc tNmZyic-ap-b¿Øn ]ucm-
177
h-Imiw {]I-Sn-∏n® kw`hw. Ncn-{X-Ønse as‰mc-]q¿h-X!

PqXaXhnizm-kn-bmb Hcp {]P Jeo^m Da-dns‚ ap∂n¬ Hcp
]cmXn ka¿∏n-®p:
""Kh¿W-dpsS aI≥ Xs‚ aIs\ ASn-®p. AXv Ahs‚ ]nXmhv
A[n-Im-c-ÿ-\m-sW-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv. \oXn {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.''
Jeo^m Da¿ Kh¿Wsd hnfn-∏n-®p-. ]cm-Xn-°m-cs‚ aI-t\mSv
Kh¿W-dpsS aIs\ `¿’n-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-´p. F∂n´v Jeo^ Kh¿W-
tdmSv Cßs\ ]d™p:
""\nß- s f- t ∏m- g mWv P\- ß sf ASn- a - I - f m- ° m≥ XpS- ß n- b Xv ?
AhcpsS amXm°ƒ Ahsc kzX{¥cmbm-Wt√m {]k-hn-®Xv.''
CXp-t]m-ep≈ {]Imiw hgn-bp∂ FÆ-a‰ kw-`-h-ßƒ Ckvem-
anI Ncn-{X-Øn-ep-≠v.
B[p-\nI ssh⁄m-\nI \thm-∞m-\-Øn\v t{]c-I-ambn `hn-
®Xv dnss\- k ≥kpw dn^¿ta- j \p- a m- s W- ∂ mWv ]d- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v .
dnss\k≥kv dn^¿ta-j\v {]tNm-Z-Iambn. F∂m¬ dnss\-k≥kn\v
{]tNm-Z-I-ambsX¥mWv?
Ad-_n- \mń¬ Hcp ]pXnb kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Xncp-hp-Z-b-ap-≠m-
bn. AXns‚ {]Im-i-In-c-W-ß-fmWv \thm-∞m-\-Øn\p Imc-W-am-
b-Xv. C‰-en-bnemWv \thm-∞m-\-Øn\p XpS°wIpdn-®-sX∂ [mcW
icn-b-√. kvs]bv\mWv dnss\-k≥kn\v thZn-bmb-Xv.
tPm¿Pv km¿´≥ Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-´p-≠v:
""apkvenw temI- Ø nse {]apJ \K- c - ß - f mb _KvZmZpw
ssItdmbpw sImd-tZm-hbpw tSmfn-tUmbpw \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ss[j-
WnI {]h¿Ø- \ - ß sf hf¿Øn- s °m≠ph∂p. A∂v bqtdm∏v
A⁄-X-bp-sSbpw A[m¿an-I-X-bp-sSbpw Bg-ß-fn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.
AhnsSh®mWv a\p- j y- N - c n- { X- Ø nse Hcp \ho\ L- ´ Øn\v
cq]wsImSpØ \qX\ ssNX\yw Bhn¿`- h n- ® Xv . B kwkv I m- c -
Øns‚ kzm[o-\-ta-‰-Xp-ap-X¬°m-Wv-Hcp ]pXnb Pohn-X-Øns‚
Bcw`w Ipdn-°-s∏-´Xv'' (Introduction to the History of Sciences)
£tbm-∑p-J-amb bh-\-im-kv{XsØ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n®v B[p-\nI
temI- Ø n\v ]cn- N - b - s ∏- S p- Ø nb Ad- _ n- I - s f- b mWv B[p- \ nI
imkv{X-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-°-sf∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.
178
""ùXnIimkv{X-ß-fpsS D]-⁄mXm°ƒ Ad-_n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

Dulm-t]m-l-ßtfm aX-]-c-amb hn[n-hn-e-°p-Itfm A√, A\p-`-h-
⁄m\w am{X-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb \nK-a-\-ßfpsS
ASn-ÿm-\w. AØ-c-samcp imkv{Xo-bm-h-t_m[w Ah-cpsS {]mtbm-
KnI t\´-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ hne-s∏-´-Xm-Wv'' ˛lw t_mƒ´v
""F¥m-Wp-≈Xv ˛A-tX-°pdn®p≈ ]T-\-amWv XØz-⁄m-\n-I-
fpsS aXw. ImcWw {kjvSmhn-s\-°p-dn®pw Ahs‚ AkvXn-Xz-sØ-
°p- d n®pw a\- n- e m- ° m≥ klm- b n- ° p∂ Xc- Ø n- e p- ≈ , Ahs‚
krjvSn-Isf kw_-‘n-°p∂ ⁄m\-tØ-°mƒ DXvIr-jvS-amb as‰m-
cm-cm[-\-bn-√''˛ C_v\pdpjvZv
""apkvenw-Iƒ Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b-bnse sse{_dn \in-∏n®p F∂
IY Xo¿Øpw ASn- ÿ m\cln- X - a m- W v . Hcp Ipcnipbp≤- Ø ns‚
Bth- i - t ØmSp IqSn temI- Ø ns‚ \m\m `mK- ß - f nepw FÆ- a ‰
hn⁄m\ tI{µ-ßƒ ÿm]n® Hcp P\-hn-`m-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-
SpØn CØ- c - s amcp \io- I - c - W - Ø ns‚ IY {]N- c n- ∏ n- ® - h - c psS
Hu≤Xyhpw Bfl- h - © - \ bpw hnkv a - b m- h lw Xs∂''˛ Fw.- F ≥.
tdmbv
""{Ko°p-Im¿ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX
tIhe ⁄m\-Øns‚ {Iam-\p-K-X-amb hnIm-ksØ Ad_n a\ v
Hcp ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-tSmSpw ssNX-\y-tØmSpw IqSn Gs‰-Sp-Øp. em‰n-
\n-s‚ hgn-bn-eqsSb√, Ad-_n-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p B[p-\nI temI-
Øn\v {]Im-i-Øn-s‚bpw i‡n-bp-sSbpw A\p-{K-l-ßƒ e`n-®-Xv''
˛F-®v.-Pn. sh¬kv
Ckvem-ans‚ \n¿Wm-bI kzm[o-\-hp-ambn _‘-an-√mØ-Xm-bn-
bqtdm-∏nse ssh⁄m-\nI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ `n∂ hi-ß-fn¬ H∂p-
t]m-ep-an√.
""hnπ-h-I-c-amb XØz-ß-fnepw Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ß-
fnepw am{X-a√ \ΩpsS imkv{X-Øn\v Ad_n imkv{X-tØmSp≈
IS-∏m-Sv. AXns‚ \ne-\n¬]n\pXs∂ Ad_n imkv{X-tØmSv hnt[-
b-Xz-ap-≠v. temI-Øn\v Ad_n \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS G‰hpw henb kw`m-
h\ B[p-\nI imkv{X-am-Wv. {Ko°p-Im¿ imkv{XsØ {Ia-h-XvI-cn-
°p- I bpw kmam- \ y- h ¬°- c n- ° p- I bpw XØz- h ¬°cn- ° p- I bpw
sNbvXp. ]t£, Kth-j-Whpw ssh⁄m-\nI hkvXp-X-I-fpsS tiJ-
c- W hpw kq£v a - a mb imkv { Xob coXnIfpw Zo¿L- a mb \nco- £ -
179
Whpw {Ko°v at\m-`m-h-Øn\v A]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah bqtdm-∏n\v

\¬In-bXv Ad-_n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. (Making of Humanity Brifault)
""IqSp-X¬ AKm-[-amb ⁄m\-Øn\pw kq£va-amb At\z-j-W-
Øn\pw a\-s m-cp-°p-∂-Xn\v temIw {i≤Xncn-®Xv {Ko°p tI{µ-ß-
fpsS t\¿°-√, Ad-_n-I-fpsS t\¿°m-bn-cp-∂p'' ------ ˛-- tPm¿Pv km¿´¨
imkv { Xt_m[sØ {]Io¿Øn- ° p- I bpw imkv { X- ⁄ - ∑ msc
t{]m’m- l n- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X Ncn- { X- a mWv Ckv e m- a n- \ p- ≈ - X v .
imkv{XsØ a\p-jy-h¬°-cn-°m\pw Bflo-b-X-bpsS ssNX\yw
\¬In AXns\ BZ- c - W o- b - a m- ° m\pw Ckv e mw k∂- ≤ - a m- b n.
""ùXnI {]]©w Bflob {]]©w t]mse-Øs∂ {][m-\-am-sW∂
AwKo-Im-chpw Ad_n a\- ns‚ hnIm-cm-XoX {]Ir-XsØ icn°pw
{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ kXym-t\z-jW Xzcbpw Ah-cpsS AZ-ay-amb
Pn⁄m- k bpw tbmKm- fl - I m- \ p- ` q- X nbpw a‰p t{]c- W - I - f m- W v .
amXrhm’eyw apX¬ amcI tcmK-ßƒ hsc-bp-≈-sX√mw A√mlp
krjvSn® {]]-©-Øn-epƒs∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Ch-tbm-tcm∂pw Ahs‚
i‡n \nZ¿i-\-ß-fmWv; A∂n-e°v ]T-\m¿l-ß-fpw. Ckvem-an¬
aXhpw imkv{Xhpw `n∂ hgnIf√ ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂-Xv. bYm¿YØn¬
aXw imkv{XØns‚ {]tNm-Z-\tI-{µam-Wv.'' (Islam and the Arabs- Rom
Landaw)
Ckv e m- a nI \mK- c n- I - X sb A\- i z- c - a m- ° nb apJy LSIw

AXpƒs°m-≈p∂ Bflo-b-˛-ù-XnI ka-\zb {]Ir-X-am-Wv.
""`qan-bnse apgp-h≥ hkvXp-°sfbpw \nßƒ°p th≠n krjvSn-
®p.'' (A¬_Jd: 29)
""\∑sNøp- ∂ Xv Bsc∂v ]co- £ n- ° m≥ Pohn- X hpw ac- W hpw
krjvSn-®-h-\mWv A√m-lp.'' (A¬ap¬Iv: 2)
""Cu temIØv Fs¥√mw hn`-h-ß-fmWv ssZhm-\p-{Klw sIm≠v
\nc-Øn-sh-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈Xv! ]t£, A√m-lp-hns‚ ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬
\n¬°-W-sa∂p am{Xw.''
""\_n- t b, Xm¶ƒ tNmZn- ° p- I : A√mlp Xs‚ ASn- a - I ƒ°v
hoXn®p \¬Inb kuµ-cyhpw \√ `£-Whpw \njn-≤-am-°n-b-Xm-
cmWv? ]d-bpI: AXv kXy hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-≈-Xm-Wv. \nßƒ `pPn-
°p-I, ]m\w sNøp-I. -Zp¿hybw sNø-cp-Xv. Zp¿hybw sNøp-∂-hsc
A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.''
180
Ckvem-ans‚ \mK-cn-IX k¿∆m-I¿j-I-ambncp∂p. Ckvem-anI

Z¿i-\ßfpw {]hm-N-Is‚ A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb PohnXNcy-Ifpw B
\qX\ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-W-Øn\v sNdnb Af-hn-sem-∂p-a√
t{]c-I-ambn `hn-®-Xv. AXp-t]mse AXns‚ BZy-Ime {]Nm-c-I-∑m-
cp- s Sbpw {]tbm- ‡ m- ° - f p- s Sbpw PohnXhnip- ≤ nbpw Ah- { I- a mb
ImgvN-∏mSpw AXy¥w {]tbm-P-Io-`-hn-®n-´p-≠v.
Ckvem-ans‚ h‡m-°ƒ ssZhnI {KŸ-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-hcpw
ssZhnI \nb-am-\p-krXw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°v
kz¥-amb \nb-a-ßƒ D≠m-t°≠nh∂n-√. kXy-Øn¬ A⁄-X-
bmWv ssZth-Xc \nb-a-ß-fn¬ apg-ßn-t°-ń-cp-∂-Xv. ssZh-Z-Ø-amb
hyh-ÿ-bpsS h‡m-°-fm-b-Xp-sIm≠v cmjv{So-b-˛-km-aqly Pohn-X-
ß-fn¬ X∏n-Ø-S-tb≠ ÿnXnhntijw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-√. hy‡n-
Po-hn-X-Ønepw kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Ønepw DS-se-Sp-°p∂ {]iv\-ßƒ°v
A∏-t∏mƒ adp-]Sn \¬Im-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-am-bn-cp∂p Ckvem-anI
ico-A-Øv.
Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-t\-Xm-°fpw {]h¿Ø-Icpw \o≠ [m¿anI
]cn-N-c-W-Øn\pw kwkvI-c-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-cm-b-Xn\p tij-amWv
I¿a- c w- K - s Ø- Ø n- b - X v . Ckv e m- a nI \mK- c n- I - X - b psS BZy- I me
{]h¿Ø-I-cmb kzlm-_n-Isf \_nXncp-ta\n 23 h¿j-°mew Bfl
kwkvI-c-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-cm-°n. XymKw, kq£va-X, Nmcn-{Xyw, hniz-
kvX-X, \nkzm¿Y-X, ÿm\ XymKw F∂o KpW-ßƒ Ah-cn¬ cqV-
aq-e-am-°n. \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS thdn-s´mcp apJw krjvSn®v Ckvem-anI
cmjv{So-b-°m¿ A[n-Imce_v[n°v kºØpw kzm[o\i‡nbpw D]-
tbm-Kn-®n-√. AXn\pth≠n B{K-ln-°pI t]mepw sNbvXn-√. am{X-a-
√, A[n-Imctas‰-Sp-t°≠nh∂-t∏mƒ ZpxJm¿{Z-amb a\-t m-sS-bmWv
B ssZhnI ZuXy-Øn\v k∂-≤-cm-b-Xv. Xß-fpsS A[n-Imc Imew
`c-Wo-b-cpsS Poh∂pw kº-Øn\pw kpc£ e`y-am-bn-s√-¶n¬ A√m-
lp-hns‚ in£ G¬t°≠nhcp-sa∂ `b-am-bn-cp∂p Ahsc \nb-
{¥n-®-Xv. ""Bh-iy-s∏-´-h¿°pw AXym-{Klw {]I-Sn-∏n-®-h¿°pw \mw
A[n-Imcw G¬]n-°p-I-bn-√'' F∂ {]hm-NI hN\w `cWw F∂
ssZhnI ZuXy- t ØmSv Ckv e m- a nI kwkv I rXn kq£n®pt]m∂
lrZb`mh-amWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. `c-W-sa-∂Xv `mtKym-Z-b-th-f-bn¬
ssIh- c p∂ alm ku`m- K y- a m- b √; kaql tk- h - \ - Ø n\p th≠n
ssZhw kΩm-\n-°p∂ DZm-Ø-amb awKf DØ-c-hm-Z-am-bmWv Ckvemw
Icp-Xp∂Xv. Ckvem-anI {]h¿Ø-I¿ Hcp h¿K-Øn-s‚tbm hwi-
Øn- s ‚tbm h‡m- ° - f m- b n- c p- ∂ n- √ . h¿Ko- b - X °pw hwio- b - X °pw
181
tZio-b-X°pw hne I¬]n-°m-sX, GI kaq-l-Øn\pw cmjv{S-Øn\pw

kwkv I m- c - Ø n- \ p- a mbmWv Ah¿ \ne- s Im- ≠ - X v . a°ƒcmjv { So- b -
Ønt\m IpSpw-_m-[n-]-Xy-Ønt\m Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS AI-
Ø-f-ß-fn¬ kzm[o-\-ta-Xp-an-√.
Ckv e mw hf¿Øn- s b- S pØ I¿a- t i- j nbpw ÿntcm- ’ m- l hpw
hn`m-h-\-I-fp-amWv \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS hyh-lm-c-Øn¬ ]¶phln® Hcp
apJy-L-S-Iw. BZ¿i {]Nm-cW-Ønepw AXp-hgn am\-hn-I-X-bpsS
]p\x-kw-hn-[m-\-Ønepw \nXm¥ Pm{KX ]pe¿Ønb Ckvem-anI
kaq-l-Ønse Hmtcm AwKhpw I¿a-ss\-c-¥-cy-Øns‚ ]pcp-j-cq-]-
ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp \q‰m-≠n-\p-≈n¬ Xs∂ temI-Øns‚ AjvS-Zn-
°p-I-fnepw Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS kPoh km∂n[y-ap-≠m-°p-
hm≥ km[y-am-b-Xn\p ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn-®Xv Cu \nkvXp-e-amb I¿a-
ti-jnbpw Bfl-k-a¿∏W {]h-W-amb a\- p-ambncp∂p. aZo-\-bp-
sSbpw Atd-_y-bp-sSbpw AXn-cp-Iƒ°-∏p-dØv tdmanepw samtdm-
t°m- b nepw C¥y≥ D]- ` q- J - fi - Ø ns‚ ]Sn- ™ m- d ≥ {]hn- i y- I -
fn¬t]mepw hfscs∏s´-∂mWv Ckvemw hym-]n-®-Xv. Hcp tdma≥
_p≤n-Pohn Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn:
""Ah¿ cm{Xn-bn¬ Bcm-[-\m-\n-c-Xcpw ]I¬ t\cØv IpXn-c-∏-S-
bm-fn-I-fp-amWv.''
{]mNo-\¿°n-S-bn¬ C¥y-bntem CuPn-]vXntem ssN\-bntem
imkv { X- Ø ns‚ {]tbm- K - c w- K - ß fpw {]Im- i - h p- s am∂pw Ncn{X
ZrjvSn°v tKmN-c-am-Ip-∂n-√. F∂m¬ Ad-_n-I-fn¬ imkv{Xo-b-amb
At\z-jW _p≤n {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ B[p-\nI
imkv { X- Ø ns‚ ]Xm- I - h m- l - I ¿ apkv e nwIfmsW∂ hmZ- Ø n\v
{]k‡n h¿[n-°p-∂p.
1493-˛¬ Ad-_n-I-fpsS tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nƒ A[n-\n-th-i-tØmsS
]m›m-Xy-tem-IØv hn⁄m\ hnkvt^m-S-\-ap-≠m-bn. AtXm-sS-bmWv
]m›mXytemIØv \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS Im‰v hoin-b-Xv. ""a[y-Im-e-L-´-
Øn¬ kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ AY-hm \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS kwhm-l-I¿ Ad-
_n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p'' F∂v {]ikvX Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãmb knUntbm (Sideo)
{]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v.
Nne {]Imi Inc-W-ßƒ

182
Ckvemw kwkv I r- X n- b psS tI{µm- i bw XuloZv AYhm ssZh-

Øns‚ GIXzw B-Wv. Hcp hr£w t]mse Db¿∂p hf¿∂v ]S¿∂p
\n¬°p∂ Hcp alm -Z¿i\ kap-®-bw˛Po-hnX thZm-¥w-˛-Xu-loZv
F∂ Ip∂naWn-bn¬ Ds≈m-Xpßn \n¬°p-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂p-∂p.
Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-ßfpw Ckvem-anI kmln-Xy-am-sI-Ø-s∂bpw hn\-
jvS-ambn `hn-®mepw XuloZv F∂ i_vZw Ah-ti-jn°p∂psh-¶n¬
]q¿h {]`m- h - t ØmsS Ckv e mw AXn¬\n∂v ]p\¿P\n- ° p- s a∂v
\n¿hn-i¶w Dd-∏n-°m≥ am{Xw ssNX-\y-an-b∂ Hcp kq£va i_vZ-
tIm-i-am-W-Xv. GI-ssZ-h-t_m-[hpw hniz- km-tlm-Z-cyhpw F∂XmWv
AXns‚ `mjyw.
""\nßƒ A√mlp F∂v hnfn®psIm≈pI; As√-¶n¬ dlvam≥
F∂v hnfn-°p-I. \nßƒ GXv t]cn¬ hnfn-®mepw G‰hpw \√ t]cp-
I-sf√mw Ah-∂p-≈-XmWv'' F∂pw ""\n›-b-ambpw CXv \nß-fpsS
kap-Zm-b-am-Ip-∂p, Htc-sbmcp kap-Zm-bw-. Rm≥ \nß-fpsS \mY-\m-
Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ \mi-Øn¬ s]Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \nßƒ Fs∂ c£m-
tI-{µ-am-°pI'' F∂pw thZ-h-N- p-I-fp-≠v.
Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ tamN-\-a√ Jp¿-B≥ hn`m-h\
sNøp-∂-Xv, a\p-jy-km-am-\y-Øns‚ kºq¿W hntam-N-\-am-Wv. apl-
Ω-Zns‚ am{X-a-√, temI-Ø-h-Xo¿W-cmb F√m {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw
ZuXyw AXm-sW-∂v- thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v.
""Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw \ns∂ Ab-®Xv kXy-k-tµ-i-hp-am-bm-Wv. ip`
hm¿Ø-b-dn-bn-°p-∂-h\pw ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Im-c-\p-am-bm-Wv. ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Im-
c≥ h∂p-t]m-ImØ Hcp kap-Zm-bhpw C√.'' (35: 24)
""\mw \ntbmKn® Hcp ZqX\pw Xs‚ P\-X-bpsS `mj-bn-e-√msX
ktµiw \¬In-bn-ń-√. Ah¿°Xv hnh-cn®p sImSp-°m-\mWv Aßs\
sNbvX-Xv. A√mlp Ah-\n-—n-°p-∂-hsc hgn-tI-Sn-em-°p-∂p. Ah-\n-
—n-°p-∂-hsc t\¿h-gn-bn-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.'' (14: 4)
Aßs\ Ab-°-s∏´ AkwJyw {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ Atd-_y-bnse
acp-{]-tZ-iØv Ah-Xo¿W-\mb ssZhZm-k-\mWv apl-Ω-Zv.
""\n\°p apºv \nc-h[n ZqX-∑msc \mw \ntbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-
cn¬ Nne-cpsS Ncn{Xw \n\°v \mw hnh-cn®p X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Nne-sc-
°p-dn®v hnh-cn®p X∂n-´p-an-√. Hcp ssZh-Zq-X∂pw A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-
a-Xn-tbmSp IqSn-b-√msX Hcp ZrjvSm-¥hpw sIm≠p-h-cm-\m-hn-√. A√m-
lp-hns‚ I¬]\ h∂m¬ \ymb-amb hn[nØo¿∏p-≠m-Ipw.'' (40:
183
78)
""CXn\p apºv \n\°v \mw ]d™pX∂Xpw C\nbpw \ns∂ Adn-
bn-®n-ń-√m-Ø-Xp-amb a‰p ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿°pw \mw t_m[\w \¬In-
bn-´p-≠v.''(4: 164)
ssZh-\n-tbm-K-a-\p-k-cn-s®-Øp∂ F√m {]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw ssZhnI
ktµ-i-ß-fpsS {]Im-i-]-cn-th-j-ap-s≠∂pw Ahsb A\y-sa∂ \ne-
°p≈ AI¬®tbm hn{]-Xn-]-Øntbm Im´msX Adn-™m-Z-cn-°-W-
sa∂pw Jp¿-B≥ I¿i-\-ambn A\p-im-kn-®n-´p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ {]hm-
N-I-\n-µbpw ]c-a-X-tZz-jhpw A\n-kvem-an-I-amb at\msshIr-X-ß-
fm-Wv. F√m {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eq-sSbpw thZ{KŸ-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw {]Im-
in-X-ß-fmb k\m-X-\m-i-b-ßsf ka\zbn-∏n®pw PohnX]q¿W-X-°v
A-\n-hm-cy-ambsX√mw kam-l-cn®pw `{Z-amb Hcp aXZ¿i-\-in¬]-
Øn-\m-h-iy-ambsX√mw kw]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p-amWv apl-Ω-Zn-eqsS Jp¿-
B≥ Ah-X-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
{]hm-N-I-∑m¿ XΩn-en-S-bp-∂n-√, thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw hntbm-
Pn-°p-∂n-√, GI ssZh-Xz-Øns‚ alm -k-tµ-i-amWv {]hm-N-I-]-Y-
ß-fn-se√mw apg-ßn-t°ƒ°p-∂Xv F∂Xv Hcp BI-kvan-I-X-b-s√∂pw
{]hm-N-I-\n-tbm-K-ß-fpsS BXy-¥n-I-amb hn`m-h\ H∂m-sW∂pw
kt_m[w {]Im-in-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. {]hm-N-I-kz-c-ß-fpsS GI-
Xm-\-Xbpw {]hm-NI ZuXy-Øns‚ A`n-∂-X-bp-am-Wn-hnsS {]tLm-
jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. X∂n-eqsS {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ kºq¿Øo-I-cWw
km[n®p\n¬°p∂ {]hm-N-I≥ apl-Ω-Zns‚ Ah-ÿm\w {]hm-N-I-
]-c-º-c-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ {it≤-b-am-bn-∏-cn-W-an-°p-I-bm-Wv. Hcp e£Øn
Ccp-]Øn \mem-bn-c-Øn¬ ]cw {]hm-N-I-∑msc \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n A\p-
kva-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Ah-sc-√mw, BZn- a-X-sat∂m {]IrXn aX-
sat∂m hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ckvemw kwkvIr-XnbpsS aqe t{kmX-
n¬ kw_-‘n-°p-∂p-s≠∂p Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp irwJ-
e-bnse IÆn-I-sf-t∏m-sebpw Hcp ]c-º-c-bnse ]c-kv]-cm-{in-X-ß-
fmb LS-I-ß-sf-t∏m-sebpw kmh-bhw _‘-s∏´p \n¬°p-∂p.
""A√m-lphnepw Rßƒ°v Ah-X-cn-°-s∏-´-Xnepw C_vdmlow,
Ckvam-Cu¬, Ckvlm-Jv, bA-vJq-_v F∂n-h¿°pw k¥-Xn-Iƒ°pw
Ah-X-cn-°-s∏-´-Xnepw aqkm, Cukm F∂nh¿°pw a‰p {]hm-N-I-
∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS \mY-\n¬\n∂v \¬I-s∏-´-Xnepw Rßƒ hniz-
kn-°p-∂p. Ah-cn¬ B¿°n-S-bnepw Rßƒ hyXymkw I¬]n-°p-
∂n-√. Rßƒ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv am{Xw A\p-k-cWw ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-
184
cm-Ip-∂p.'' (3: 84)

CtX Bibw kap-∂X {]m[m\yw \¬In as‰m-cn-SØp IqSn
Jp¿-B≥ {]Im-in-∏n-®-Xm-bn -ImWmw:
""Rßƒ A√m- l p- h nepw Rßƒ°v Cd- ° n- ° n- ´ n- b - X nepw
C_vdmlow, Ckvam-Cu¬, CkvlmJv, bA-vJq-_v, Ah-cpsS k¥m\
]c- º - c - I ƒ F∂n- h ¿°v Cd- ° n- s °m- S p- Ø - X nepw aqkm°pw
Cukm°pw \¬In-b-Xnepw a‰p {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v Xß-fpsS \mY-
\n¬\n∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-h-bnepw hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cn-em¿°p-
an-S-bn¬ Rßƒ Hcp hn[ hnth-N-\hpw I¬]n-°p-∂n-√. Rßƒ
A√m-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn®p Pohn-°p-∂-h-c-s{X.'' (2: 136)
Hcp PqX≥ C{km- t ben {]hm- N - I - s \bpw Hcp ss{Ikv X - h ≥
tbip-shbpw Hcp _u≤≥ _p≤-s\bpw skmcm-jv{Sn-b≥ kpcm-jv{S-
scbpw Hcp I¨^yq- j n- b ≥ I¨^yq- j n- b - k n- s \bpw Hcp lnµp
C¥y-bn¬ Ah-Xo¿W-cmb {]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw am{Xw AwKo-I-cn-®-
\p-k-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp apkvenw Ch-sc-sb-√m-h-sc-bpw H∏w apl-Ω-Zn-
s\bpw AwKo-I-cn-®m-Z-cn-°p-∂p. kIe thZ-km-c-ß-fp-apƒs°m-≈p∂
alm-th-Z-ambn Jp¿-Bs\ Icp-Xp-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p.
kXy-Øns‚ {]Im-i-s∏m-ena ]q¿W-ambn {]h-ln-s®-Øn-bXpw
]qsNm-cn-™-Xp-sa√mw Jp¿-B-\n-em-Wv. a‰v thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n∂v
hyXy-kvX-ambn ktµ-i-]q¿Wna F∂ ku`mKyw Jp¿-B∂v am{X-a-
h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.
""F\n-°n-\n-bp-tasd ]d-bm-\p-≠v. AXpƒs°m-≈m≥ Ct∏mƒ
\nßƒ°v Ign™psh∂p hcn-√. Hcn-°¬ kXy-Øns‚ XncpZqX≥
hs∂-Øpw. At±-l-a∂v kXy-Øns‚ hoYn-bn-te°v \nßsf \bn-
°pw'' F∂ tbip-hns‚ hN\w c≠p Imcy-ß-f-dn-bn-°p-∂p:
1. ss__n- f n¬ ssZh- l nXw ]q¿Øo- I - c n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- ´ n√. (AXv
ss__n-fns‚ Ipd-hmbn Btcm-]n-°-s∏´p IqSm.)
2. ]q¿W ktµ-i-hp-ambn as‰mcp ZqX≥ hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂p.
A∂n-e-bn¬ ssZh-ln-X-Øns‚ ]q¿W-amb {]Im-i\w Jp¿-B-
s‚bpw Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bp-sSbpw ZuXy-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
F√m aX-ßfpw XΩn¬ kmtlm-Zcyw Duń-bp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw At∂m-
f-a-h-Xo¿W-amb thZ{KŸ-ß-fnse A]q¿W-X-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-
185
sa√mw Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-l-cn®v \ho-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw kXy-]-Y-

Øn- t e°v P\- ß sf \bn- ° p- ∂ - X n\pap≈ henb DØ- c - h m- Z nXzw
Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-°p-≠m-bn.
apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS BK-a\tØmsS aXk¶¬]-ßƒ°v ]pXnb
A¿Y Xe-ßfpw am\-ß-fp-ap-≠m-b-Xmbn P\-ßƒ°v tXm∂n. PohnX
hncm-KnX-bn-eq-∂nb A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-amb Hcp]‰w kz]v\-ß-fpsS kap-
®-b-am-bn-cp∂p At∂mfw aX Z¿i-\-ß-sf-√mw. bp‡n]c-X-bnepw
imkv{Xo-b-amb Ah-t_m-[-Øn-ep-aq-∂n-b, am\h PohnXkv]¿in-
bmb H∂mbn aXw hymJym-\n-°-s∏-´Xpw ]p\-c-h-X-cn-®Xp Xs∂bpw
{]hm-N-I-\n-tbmK-tØmSp IqSn-bm-Wv. ChnsS Ign-bp∂ a\p-jys‚
\∑bpw hnIm- k - h r- ≤ n- I fpw D∂wsh®p- s Im- ≠ p- ≈ - X - √ mØ Hcp
Z¿i\iI-ehpw Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn-bn-en-√. ]q¿W-X-bn-te-°v-˛-ssZh
kt¶-X-Øn-te-°v-˛-a-\p-jys\ DW¿Øn-bp-b¿Øm≥ t]mcp-∂-h-bm-
sW-√mw. ]c-tem-I-Øns‚ {]m[m-\y-Øn-te°v i‡-ambn hnc¬Nq≠p-
∂p-s≠-¶nepw Ckvemw Z¿i-\-Øns‚ I¿a-Xew Cu Pohn-Xhpw
temI-cw-K-hp-am-Wv. ChnsSbmSp∂ Pohn-X-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-Øepw
ê-{]-Jym-]-\-hp-am-W-hnsS. AXn-\m¬ AXv \∑ \nd™ CltemI-
Po-hn-X-Øn-\p≈ {]tNm-Z-I-ambpw t{]c-I-ambpw t{]m’m-l-I-ambpw
]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. temI-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hy¿Y-X-b√ AXns‚ km¿YI
`mh-am-W-hnsS {it≤-bw. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ DuSpw ]mhp-sam-
cp-°p-∂Xv ChnsSh®m-sW∂v B alnX kwkvIrXn \sΩ {]t_m-
[n-∏n°p-∂p. Cu temI Pohn-X-Øns‚ kq£va Xew t]mepw kXy-
ip-≤-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øn-bn-´mWv ka-kvXhpw \n¿W-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
""ChnSw Pohn- ° m- \ p- ≈ - X m- W v , AhnSw AX- \ p- ` - h n- ° m\pw'' F∂
auem\m apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ AXoh {it≤-b-am-Wv. Chn-
SsØ PohnXwsIm≠-√msX Ahn-SsØ A\p-`-h-ßsf am‰nadn-°m-
\m-hn-√. At∏mƒ Ahn-tS°p th≠n ImtW-≠Xpw sNtø-≠Xpw
sImt≈≠Xpsa√mw ChnsS sh®m-Wv. Cu ]cn-\n-jvTnX t_m[y-
186
amWv Hcp kXy-hn-izm-knsb \bn-°p-∂-Xv. A{]-[m-\-sa∂p IcpXn

AhK- W n®p X≈m- \ p- ≈ - X - √ , kp{]- [ m- \ - a m- s W- ∂ - d n- ™ p-
sIm≠pXs∂ Pohn®p t\Sm-\p-≈-XmWv temI-Po-hn-X-sa∂p Icp-
Xn Xmfw sX‰m-Ø, hgn-]n-g-°mØ Pohn-X-Øns‚ DS-a-I-fmbn amdpI
F∂m-h-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn°v Akm-[m-c-W-amb P\-
Iob kzoIm-cyX ssIh-∂-Xn¬ A¤p-X-an-√.
aX-ß-sf√mw tIhew ssZthm∑p-J-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-
bn-te-°p≈ {]bm-W-Øn¬ Pohn-XsØ i‡hpw km¿Y-Ihpam-°n-
Øo¿°p-∂Xn-\mWv Ckvemw {]mapJyw \¬In-b-Xv. a\p-jy-_-‘n-
bmb kI-eXpw thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ hnlm-c-X-e-ß-fm-Wv. Btflm-∂-
Xn°pw ]tcm¬°¿j-Øn\pw th≠n ]cn-{i-an-°p∂ Hcp {]_p≤
]uc\v Xs‚ Np‰p- a p≈ Poh {]]- © - t ØmSpw {]Ir- X n- t bmSp
Xs∂bpw IS-∏m-Sp-s≠∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ckvemw kwkvIrXn
ad-∂n-√.
Ggmw \q‰m-≠nemWv apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS PohnXw (P-\\w {In.
571). F∂m¬ Ckvemw aX-Øns‚ ]ndhn A°m-e-Øm-sW∂v Icp-
Xp-∂Xp icn-b-√. Jp¿-B≥ Ah-Xo¿Æ-amIp-∂Xv A∂m-sW-¶nepw
Ckvemw aX-Øns‚ ]c-am-h-ew-_-amb GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw skan-
‰nIv aX- ß - f p- s Sbpw C¥y≥- ˛ - C - d m- \ n- b ≥ aX- Z ¿i- \ - ß - f p- s Sbpw
{]mZp¿`mh ImeØpXs∂ temI-a-dn™ Z¿i-\-km-c-amWv. ssZhw
F√m cmPy-ß-fn-te°pw F√m P\-]-Z-ß-fn-te°pw ZqX-∑msc Ab-
®n-´p-s≠∂pw hn[nZn\-Øn¬ F√m-hcpw hnNm-cW sNø-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw
kXyhnizm-kn-Iƒ°-dn-bmw. AXoX Ime-ß-fn¬ Ah-Xo¿W-amb
thZ- { K- Ÿ - ß - s f√mw kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I ƒ AwKo- I - c n- ° p- ∂ p.
AXpsIm≠v Jp¿-B-\nse aln-Xm-i-b-ß-sf√mw CZw {]Y-a-ambn
Jp¿-B-\n¬ Ah-Xo¿W-ambXs√∂pw ]≠v ]e- Im-e-ß-fn-embn ]e
{]hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eqsSbpw {]Im-inX-am-bn-´p≠v Ah-sb∂pw kXy-hnizm-
kn-Iƒ Icp-Xp-∂p.
""\n\°v Cd-°nb thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønepw \ns‚ apºp-≈-h¿°v Cd-
°n-b-h-bnepw hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-W-h¿; ]c-tem-I-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d®
t_m[y-ap-≈-hcpw.'' (2: 4)
""\mw \n\°v Cu thZ-]p-kvXIw kXy-k-tµ-i-hp-ambn Ah-X-cn-
∏n®p X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv ap≥th-Z-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬\n∂v AXns‚ ap∂n-
ep-≈hsb icn-sh-°p-∂-Xm-Wv; AXns\ `{Z-ambn ImØpkq£n-°p-
∂-Xpw......'' (5: 48)
187
Ah-km-\sØ shfn-]m-Sp-I-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ kI-e- th-Z-{K-Ÿ-ß-

fnepw ]cm-a¿in-X-amb k\m-X\ kmc-ß-sfms° Jp¿-B-\n-ep-≠v.
AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥ ]q¿Whpw A\-\z-bhpw thZkmc-k-
ap-®-b-hp-am-Ip-∂p.
{]hm-N-I-ZuXyw {]t_m-[-\-am-Wv. ssZh-ln-XamWv {]t_m-[n-∏n-
°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. {]t_m-[-\-Øn-eqsS kaq-lsØ {]_p-≤am-°n, KpWm-
Kp-W-hn-th-N-\-tijn hf¿Øn apt∂m´pt]mIm\pw ]ng®p \oßp-∂-
h¿°v I¿aê-ambn ssIh-cp∂ Zpc-¥-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ap∂-dn-bn∏v
\¬Im\pw {]hm-N-I≥ {ian-°p-∂p.
{]hm-N-I\pw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw A`bw tXSn aZo-\-bn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ
AhnsS Hcp ]pXnb kaq-l(D-Ω)sØ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ At±-l-
am-{K-ln-®p. Hukv, Jkvd-Pv, Jpssdin h¿K-ßƒ t]mep≈ H∂√
{]hm-N-I-\p-t±-in-®-Xv. PqX-˛-ss{I-kvX-h-˛-hn-{K-lm-cm-[\m {àn-I-fp-tSXp
t]mep-≈-Xp-a-√. PqX-∑mcpw ss{IkvX-hcpw hn{K-l-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw
apkvenw-I-fp-sa√mw tN¿∂, hnizmk sshPm-Xyßƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°msX
A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ßƒ Xpey-ambn hoXn-°-s∏´ Hcp kmaq-ly-kw-hn-
[m-\w. -A-Ø-c-samcp kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ cq]-a-Wn-bp-∂-XmWv kXy-thZ
hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ssZh-Ip-Spw-_w.
kIe Ncm-N-c-ßfpw ssZhnI \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv. ""`qan-
bn¬ \S-°p∂ GXv arKhpw c≠p NndIpsIm≠v ]d-°p∂ GXp
]d-hbpw \nß-fp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep≈ kaq-l-ßƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv.''(6: 38)
kqcy-N-{µ-Xm-c-I-ß-fpƒs°m-≈p∂ {Kl-a-fi-ehpw ImSpw taSpw
tXmSpw ]pgbpw F√mw˛AJn-em-fi-tImSn {_“m-fi-I-Sm-l-amsI
˛{]-]-©-\m-Ys‚ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-fm¬ \nb-{¥n-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬, Jp¿-
B-\nI kao-]-\-a-\p-k-cn®v kIe krjvSn-I-fnepw t{ijvTw a\p-jy-
\m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v a\p-jy-\mWv apkvenw "DΩ'bnse kPoh ]¶mfn.
apkvenw DΩ F∂Xv Hcp amXrIm kap-Zm-b-am-Wv. Xn∑sb hne-°p-
hm\pw \∑sb {]`m-kn-∏n-°p-hm\pw a\p-jysc ssZthm-∑p-J-ambn {]N-
en-∏n-°p-hm\pw {]Xn⁄m_≤-amb Hcp amXrIm am\-hnI kaq-lw.
Cl- ˛ - ] - c - ß sf _‘- s ∏- S p- Ø n- s °m≠v a\pjy Pohn- X sØ
kw_-‘n®v thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fp-≠v. Bkq-
{Xn-Xhpw tkmt±-iy-hp-amb Hcp PohnX hyhÿ Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-
°p-∂p. Chn-SsØ PohnX{]Ir-XsØ Ah-ew-_-am-°n-bmWv ]c-
temI PohnXw kwhn-[m\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXns‚ {]mcw-`-ambn
188
Hcp hnNm-cW \S-°pw. ]c-tem-IØv hnNm-c-Wm-th-f-bn¬ H-cmƒ \mev

tNmZy-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n hcpw.
˛Bbp-jvImew F¥n-\mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn®p?
˛Du¿Pkz-e-amb bphXzw Fßs\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn?
˛k-ºØv Fßs\ t\Sn? hn\n-tbm-Kn-®-sX-ßs\?
˛A-dnhv F¥n\m-bp-]-tbm-Kn®p?
Cu tNmZy-ßsf hni-I-e-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°n-bm¬ hy‡nPohn-
X-Øns‚ BZ¿im-fl-I-Xbpw kmaqly {]tbm-P-\hpw F{X-am{Xw
\njvI¿jn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v t_m[y-s∏-Spw. \∑ sNøp-∂-hs‚ PohnX
Z¿i-\-amWv ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ G‰hpw \√ aXw. ssZh-Øns‚ GI-
Xz-Øn¬ AN-©-e-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h¿°v \∑ sNøp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-\mWv DZm-Ø-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in.
""......-]-em-b\w sNbvXv Xß-fn-te-s°-Øp-∂-hsc Ah¿ kvt\ln-
°p-∂p. Ah¿°v \¬Inb kº-Øn-t\mSv Ch-cpsS a\- p-I-fn¬ H´pw
taml-an-√. Xßƒ°p Xs∂ AXym-h-iy-ap-s≠-¶n¬ t]mepw Ah¿
kz¥-sØ-°mƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-∂p. a\- ns‚ ]nip-
°n¬ \n∂v tamNn-X-cm-b-h¿ Btcm Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv hnPbw hcn-
®-h¿.'' (59: 9)
""a\p- j ysc t{Zmln- ° p- I bpw \mń¬ A\ym- b - a mbn A{Iaw
{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-cpsS t]cn¬ am{Xta Ip‰m-tcm-]-W-
Øn\v \ymbo-I-c-W-ap≈q.'' (42: 42)
""sFizcyL´- Ø nepw _p≤n- a p- ´ pImeØpw ssZh- a m¿K- Ø n- ¬
[\w sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-hcpw tIm]w \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-hcpw P\-ßƒ°v
Ah-cpsS sX‰pIp‰-ßƒ°v am∏v sImSp-°p-∂-h-cp-as{X Ah¿.''(3:
134)
C∂v tZiob˛A-¥¿tZ-iob cwK-ß-fn¬ Gsd N¿®sNø-s∏-Sp∂
hnj-b-amWv a\pjym-h-Imiw. AXn\p th≠n s]mcp-Xp∂ ÿm]-\-
ßfpw Ipd-h-√. F∂m¬ a\p-jym-h-Imi kwc-£Ww C∂pw Hcp
aco-Nn-I-bmbn°nS-°p-∂p. F√m a\p-jycpw kzX-{¥-cmbn, kzm`n-am-
\n-I-fmbn, kam-h-k-c-ß-f-\p-`-hn-°m≥ ka¿l-cmbn kam-h-Im-i-ß-
tfm-sS-bm-Wv ]n-d-°p-∂-sX∂pw Hcmƒ as‰m-cm-tfmSv ktlm-Zc `mh-
Øn-emWv s]cp-am-td-≠sX∂pw a‰pap≈ DZm-Ø-amb Bi-b-ßƒ
a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym-]\ tcJ-bpsS Xmfp-I-fn¬ ImWm-sa-¶nepw
189
"a\p-jy¿ Xpey¿' F∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb km[pX AYhm

\ymbo-I-cWw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ kXy-th-Z-Øn\v km[n-®p. GI-
ssZ-h-Øn-eq-∂n-bp-d®v hniz-kn-°pI F∂ DZvt_m-[-\-amWv ChnsS
Dt±-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn\v hym]-I-amb {]Nm-c-Whpw t_m[y-hp-ap-
≠m- b m¬ a\p- j ym- h - I mi [zwk- \ - ß - f - c - t ß- d p- I - b n- √ . BZysØ
BWn-s\bpw s]Æn-s\bpw krjvSn®v hwtim¬]Øn Ipdn® ssZhw
{]Im-cm-¥-tcW hniz-Ip-Spw-_hpw a\p-jy-km-tlm-Z-cyhpw DZv-Lm-S\w
sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kzmX{¥yw, kzm`n-am-\w, kam-h-Imiw XpS-ßnb
a\p-jym-h-Im-i-tc-J-bnse "Kmb{Xn'°v ]Icw "\n\°v \ns‚ aXw;
F\n°v Fs‚ aXw', "Zo\n¬ \n¿_-‘-a-cpXv' XpS-ßnb {]mtbm-
KnI a{¥-ß-fp-cp-hn´pw kam-]\ `mj-W-Øn¬ ""\nß-fpsS \mY≥
H∂v, Hc-d-_n°v A\-d-_n-tb-°mtfm A\-d-_n°v Ad-_n-tb-°mtfm
Hu¬Ir-jvSy-an-√, Idp-Ø-h\v shfp-Ø-h-s\-°mtfm shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-
Ø-h-s\°mtfm s]cp-a-bn-√, \nß-fn¬ G‰hpw BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥
a‰m-cp-a√, ssZh-`-b-ap-≈-h-\mWv'' F∂nßs\ {]t_m-[n-∏n® {]hm-
N-I≥ a\p-jym-h-Imi kwc-£-W-Øns‚ a¿aw I≠ {]tbm-‡m-
hm-bn-cp-∂p. bmNn®p hcp∂h\v `n£bpw Hcp-]nSn D]-tZ-ihpw \¬In
[¿a-_p≤n {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw tPmensNbvXp Pohn-°m≥ D]-
I-c-W-ßƒ hmßn-tbIn kzm`n-am-\-Øns‚ Bth-i-a-Wn-bn-®-b-°m-
dp≈ {]hm- N - I ≥ Ncn- { X- ] - Y - Ø n¬ Xo¿Øpw hyXy- k v X - \ m- W v .
kImØp t]mep≈ klmb[\w kzoI- c n- ° p∂ kµ¿`- ß - f n¬
t]mepw KpW-t`m-‡m-hns‚ Bflm-`n-am-\-Øn\v t]md-te¬°m-Xn-cn-
°m≥ {]hmN-I≥ {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. hy‡n-bpsS kzm`n-am-\sØ apdn-
s∏-Sp-Øp∂ XcØn-ep≈ "Nmcn-‰_vƒ' {]h¿Ø-\-ßtfmSp t]mepw
Ckvemw kwkvIr-Xn°v kl-`m-h-an-√. A\yq-\w, \ncp-]m-[nIw kwc-
£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv Bflm-`n-am\w F∂ auen-I-hn-izm-k-am-W-Xn\v
Imc- W w.
ASn- a - b mb sskZn¬ ]p{X\n¿hntij- a mb hm’eyw
sNmcn™Xp apX¬ ""\nßƒ Ign- ° p∂ `£Ww ASn- a - I ƒ°pw
]cn- N m- c - I - ∑ m¿°pw \¬IWw'' XpS- ß nb Imcy- ß - f - d n-
bn®psIm≠p≈ hnS-hm-ß¬ {]kwK -k-µ¿`w hsc {]hm-N-I≥ B
hcnjv S aqeyw Xs‚ I¿a- k - ] - c y- b n¬ ]cn- c - £ n- ® p- t ]m- ∂ n- ´ p- ≠ v .
temINcn-{X-Øn¬, ASn-a-I-fpsS tamN-\-Øn-\mbn C{X-tbsd ê-
{]-Z-ambn {]h¿Øn® as‰mcp Ncn{X ]pcp-j-\n-√. Hc-Sn-a-bpsS kzc-
ip-≤n-tbmfw t]m∂-X√ as‰m∂pw F∂ kpZrV-t_m[ywsIm≠mWv
{]hm-N-I≥ Xs‚IqSn Du¿P-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®p-b¿Ønb aZo-\-bnse Bcm-
190
[-\m-e-b-Ønse _m¶p-hn-fn-°mbn ASn-a-bmb _nem-ens\ \nb-an-®-

Xv.
""kXyhnizm-kn-Itf, Hcp P\X as‰mcp P\-Xsb ]cn-l-kn-°-
cp-Xv. ]cn-l-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂-htc°mƒ \√-h-cm-tb-
°mw. kv{XoIƒ kv{XoI-sfbpw ]cn-l-kn-°-cp-Xv. ]cn-l-kn-°-s∏-Sp-
∂-h¿ ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂-h-tc-°mƒ DØ-a-I-fm-tb-°mw. \nß-f-t\ym\yw
IpØp-hm-°p {]tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv. ]cn-lm-k-t∏-cp-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v ]c-
kv]cw A]-am-\n-°-cp-Xv. kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn® tijw A[¿a-
Øns‚ t]cp-]-tbm-Kn°p∂Xv hfsc \oNw Xs∂. B¿ ]›m-Ø-]n-
°p-∂n-√tbm Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv A{I-an-Iƒ.'' (49: 11)
""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, Dul-ß-tf-sdbpw h¿Pn-°p-I. a‰p-≈-h-sc-∏‰n
Ah-cpsS Akm-∂n[y-Øn¬ tami-ambn kwkm-cn-°-cp-Xv. acn®pInS-
°p∂ ktlm-Z-cs‚ ]®n-d®n Xn∂m≥ \nß-fm-sc-¶nepw CjvS-s∏-
Sptam? Xo¿®-bmbpw \nß-fXv shdp-°p-∂p. \nßƒ ssZh-`-‡-cm-
hpI.''(49: 12)
Hcp aX{KŸ-Øn¬ km[m-c-W-bmcpw {]Xo-£n-°mØ Xc-Øn-
ep-≈, kmº-ØnI cwK-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ A]-{K-Y-\hpw kmº-ØnI
\oXn ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw Jp¿-B-\n¬ ImWmw.
"kmº-Øn-I-amb {]mY-an-Im-h-iy-ßƒ ]ucs‚ auen-Im-h-Im-i-
ß- f n¬ s]´- X m- W v . kmº- Ø nI cwKØv Xpey- a mb hnX- c - W hpw
kmº-Øn-I-kp-c-£n-X-Xzhpw ]uc\v ssIh-c-Ww' XpS-ßnb kmº-
ØnI \oXnbpsS kao-]-\-ßƒ AXns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. kaq-
l-Øn¬ F√m-h¿°pw A¿l-X-s∏´ hnln-Xhpw Ah-k-chpw e`n-
°-Ww. AwK-ssh-Ieyw kw`-hn-®-h¿°pw ]mh-s∏-´-h¿°p-sa√mw
{]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ e`n-°Ww. AXv Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠Xv kaq-l-
Øns‚ _m[y- X - b m- W v . Ckv e m- a nI Ncy- b n¬ k¿h{][m\w
{]m¿Y\(kz-em-Øv)bmWv. F∂m¬ AXn-t\m-sSm-∏-amWv kImØv
tN¿Øp\n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kaql`{Z-X°v apJy \nZm\w ùXnI
kml-N-cy-ß-fm-sW∂pw AhnsS kº-Øns‚ ÿm\w \n¿Wm-b-I-
am-sW∂pw AXn-√mØ-h\v Hc¿Y-Øn¬ PohnXw t]mepw \ntj-[n-
°- s ∏- ´ - X mbn ]cn- W - a n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂pw a\- n- e m- ° p∂ kXy- t h- Z -
Z¿i\w kmº-ØnI \oXn D∂wsh®psIm≠mWv kImØv Ah-X-
cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. sshchpw sshcm-Kyhpw hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v kmº-Øn-I-
amb A¥cw Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa-∂-dn™ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ D≈-
h\pw C√m-Ø-h\pw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw h¿[n-°m-Xn-c-n°m≥ Pm{KX
191
]men-®p. HcpXc-Øn-ep≈ Nqj-Whpw A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂n-√. IpØI

hf-cp-∂Xv ISpØ kmaqly hn\-bm-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXns\ ssZh-
tZm-j-am-bn-´mWv kXy-thZw hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.
Ckv e mw kwkv I r- X n- b psS {]kn- ≤ - a mb as‰mcp khn- t i- j X
AXns‚ Id-b‰ ]utcm-lnXy \ncm-k-am-Wv. GXv a\p-jy\pw ]m]-
c-ln-X-\m-bmWv ]nd-°p-∂-Xv. a‰m-cp-sS-sb-¶nepw IW-°n-ep≈ ]m]-
_m-[y-X-Iƒ°v Ah≥ DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-Ip-∂n-√. ssZh-tØm-S-√msX a‰m-
tcmSpw Ah\v _m[yXm hnt[bXz-ß-fn-√. Hcp CS-\n-e-°m-cs‚ klm-
b-an-√msX Hcp apkvenw ssZh-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ Imcy-ßƒ t\cn´v \nth-
Zn-°p-∂p. Hcp ]ptcm-ln-X-s\bpw Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. _u≤
^p©nbpw lnµp ]qPm-cnbpw PqX d∫nbpw ss{IkvXh ]ptcm-ln-
X\pw `‡-s‚bpw ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw CS-bn¬ \n¬°p∂p F∂Xv
ssZh-\n-µ-tbm-f-sa-Øp∂ Acp-Xm-bva-bm-sW∂v Ckvemw Icp-Xp-∂p.
Ckvemw \bn® {]Imi hnπhw

BCi \nth-Z\w sNbvX {]Jym-X-amb Hcp lZokv an° {]mam-
WnI {KŸ-ß-fnepw D≤-cn-°-s∏-ń-´p≠v:
""lndm-Kp-l-. -ap-l-ΩZv [ym\-\n-c-X≥. ssZh-Zq-X≥ Pn_vco¬ {]Xy-
£-s∏-´p, Cßs\ kwkm-cn-®p-Xp-S-ßn:
"apl-ΩtZ hmbn-°pI.'
apl-ΩZv ]d™p: "F\n°v hmbn-°m-\-dn-™p-IqSm.'
\_n B kw`-hsØ Cßs\ A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p:
At±lsas∂ ho≠pw KmV-ambn Benw-K\w sNbvXp. ]ns∂
Fs∂ hnap-‡-\m-°n-s°m≠v ae°v Bh¿Øn®p:
"apl-ΩtZ hmbn-°pI.'
"F\n°v hmbn-°m-\-dn-™p-IqSm.'
At±-l-sas∂ ho≠pw Benw-K\w sNbvXp. ho≠pw Bh-iy-s∏-
´p:- hm-bn-°p-I. \ns‚ {kjvSmhpw kwc-£-I-\p-amb ssZh-Øns‚
\ma-Øn¬. Hń-∏n-Sn® hkvXphn¬\n∂v \ns∂ krjvSn-®-h-\m-W-h≥.
\ns‚ \mY≥ Gsd DZm-c-\m-Ip-∂p. \ns∂ t]\-bpsS D]-tbmKw ]Tn-
∏n-®-h≥. a\p-jy\v Adn-bm-Ø-Xns\ Ah≥ ]Tn-∏n-®p.''
192
hmb-\, FgpØv, Adn-hv F∂n-hsb Io¿Øn-°p∂ Cu A\-izc

kq‡-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv shfn-]m-Sm-cw-`n-°p-∂Xv. as‰m-cn-SØv:
A√mlp BZ- a ns\ krjv S n- ® - t ∏mƒ Ah≥ BZ- a ns\ F√m
hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw t]cp-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-®p-sh∂v Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°p-
∂p. Cu Adn-hns‚ DXvIr-jvS-X-sIm≠v BZ-ans‚ ÿm\-am-\-ß-fp-
b¿∂p. At±lw ae-°p-I-tf-°mƒ ÿmt\m¬°¿jw ssIh-cn-®p.
]n∂oSv ssZhw B hkvXp-°-sf√mw ae-°p-Isf ImWn-®p-sIm≠v
Ah-bpsS t]cp-Iƒ ]d-bm-\m-h-iy-s∏-´p. ae-°p-Iƒ°v AX-dn-bn-√m-
bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ hn\o-X-cmbn Xß-fpsS Adn-hn-√mbva kΩ-Xn®p:
"\n\°v kvXpXn. \o ]d™pw ]Tn-∏n®pw X∂-X-√msX as‰m∂pw
Rßƒ°-dn-bn-√. \o kI-e-⁄\pw XnI™ X{¥-⁄-\p-a-t√m.'
ssZhw BZ-an-t\mSv Cßs\ ]d™p:
"BZta Ch-bpsS t]cp-Iƒ \o Ah¿°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-I.'
BZw A\m-bmkw t]cp-Iƒ ]d-™p. At∏mƒ BZ-ans‚ ap∂n¬
kmjvSmwKw {]W-an-°pI F∂v ssZhw ae-°p-I-tfmSv I¬]n-®p. amem-
J-am¿ {]W-an-°m≥ X°-hÆw a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ ⁄m\-ssh-injvSyw-
sIm≠v D∂X ÿm\-tØ°v Db¿Ø-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p!
{]hm- N - I ≥am¿ ssZh- Z q- X - ∑ m¿ F∂ \ne°v a\pjy kaq- l -
Ønse G‰hpw amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-cmb Bfp-I-fmWv. Adn-hmWv al-
Xz-Øn-∂m-[m-c-sa∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. Hcn-°¬ aqkm-\-_nbpw
At±-l-Øns‚ kl-Nm-cn-bpw-IqSn Hcp ]fin-X-t{K-k-cs\ Is≠-
Øm≥ Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®p. B alm ]fin-X-s\-°p-dn®v ssZhw aqkm-\-
_n°v hy‡-amb Hcp Nn{Xw-˛-sX-fn-hm¿∂ kqN-\-Iƒ˛ \¬In-bn-cp-
∂p. Gsd {ia-ßƒ°p-tijw I≠p-ap-ń. aqkm-\_n At±-l-tØmSp
tNmZn®p:
"Xm¶ƒ°v ssZh- Z - Ø - a mbn ssIh∂ \S- ] Sn k{º- Z m- b - ß ƒ
Xm¶ƒ F\n°v ]Tn- ∏ n- ® p- X - c p- s a∂ \n›- b - Ø n¬ Rm≥ Xm¶sf
]n≥]-‰n-s°m-≈-s´tbm?' ]fin-X≥ Cßs\ {]Xn-h-Nn®p:
"Fs‚ IqsS £am-]q¿hw Ign-bp-hm≥ Xm¶ƒ°v km[n-°p-sa∂v
tXm∂p-∂n-√. AY-hm, kXy-ip≤n t_m[y-s∏-SmØ hnj-b-ß-tfmSv
Xm¶ƒs°-ßs\ \oXn ]pe¿Øm≥ Ignbpw?'
aqkm-\_n ]d™p:
193
"A√mlp Dt±- i n- s ®- ¶ n¬ Fs∂ Ahn- S p∂v £am- i o- e - \ mbn

ImWpw; Ahn-SpsØ I¬]-\sbm∂pw Rm≥ [n°cn-°p-I-bn-√.'
]fin-X≥ ]d™p:
"Xm¶ƒ Xøm-dm-sW-¶n¬ Fs∂ ]n¥p-S-cp-I. Hcp Imcyw BZyta
Adn-bn-°mw: Hcp hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®pw Rm\Xv hni-Zo-I-cn-®p- Xcp-∂-
Xp-hsc F-t∂mSv tNmZn-°-cp-Xv.' (18: 65˛70)
aqkm-\_n ]fin-Xs\ ]n¥p-S¿∂p. B bm{X \nc-h[n Znh-k-
ßƒ \o≠p. {]hm-N-I-\mb aqkm Cu ]fin-X-\n¬\n∂v ⁄m\-
hn-⁄m-\-ßƒ kºm-Zn-®p-. -A-dn-bm-bvabpw Ahy-‡-X-bp-sa-√m-a-I-
∂p.
Cu kw`-hsØ Camw ss_-Zmhn Cßs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n®p:
a\p-jy≥ F∂pw ⁄m\-k-ºm-Z\w km[n®psIm≠n-cn-°-Ww.
X\n°v Adnhv \¬Ip-∂-h-t\mSv Ah≥ hn\o-X-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. `qan-
bnse ]fin-X-∑m¿ BIm-i-Ønse \£-{X-ß-sf-t∏m-se-bm-Ip-∂p.
hnZzms‚ Xqen-I-Øp-ºnse ajn- c-‡-km-£n-bpsS c‡-tØ-°mƒ
]mh-\-am-Ip-∂p. ⁄m\-a-t\z-jn®v kz`-h\w hn´v C-d-ßp-∂-h≥ ssZh-
am¿K-Øn¬ Ncn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv. ⁄m\m-t\z-jn°v ssZhw kz¿K-c-∞y-
bn-te°v hgn-Im-´p-∂p.
Nne hcnjvS hN-\-ßƒ D≤-cn-°-s´:
""]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-\mb A√m-lp-hns‚ krjvSn-I¿a-Øn¬ Hcp {Ia-
t°Spw \o ImWp-I-bn-√. \o ho≠pw t\m°p-I, h√ \yq\-Xbpw
ImWp-∂pt≠m F∂v.'' (Jp¿-B≥: 67: 3)
""Ah¿°v lrZ-b-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-sIm≠v Ah¿ H∂pw a\-
n-em-°p-∂n-√. Ah¿°v IÆp-I-fp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-sIm≠v Ah¿
ImWp-∂n-√. Ah¿°v ImXpIfp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-sIm≠v Ah¿
tIƒ°p∂n√. Ah¿ \m¬°m-en-Iƒ°v ka-am-Wv. A√, Ah-tb-
°mƒ tamiw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv Hcp {i≤-bp-an-√m-
Ø-h¿.'' (Jp¿-B≥ 7: 179)
""hN-\-ßƒ Ah¿°v hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. Hcp-thf Ah¿
Nn¥n-s®-¶ntem?'' (Jp¿-B≥ 7: 176)
""Fs‚ \mYm, F\n°v \o hn⁄m\w h¿[n-∏n®p Xtc-W-ta.''
(Jp¿-B≥ 20: 114)
194
""\nß- f n¬ hniz- k n- ® - h ¿°pw ⁄m\w \¬I- s ∏- ´ - h ¿°pw

A√mlp D∂-X-]-Z-hn-Iƒ {]Zm\w sNøpw.''(Jp¿-B≥ 58: 11)
""c≠p Imcy-ßƒ Rm≥ \nßsf `c-ta¬]n-°p-∂p˛ A√m-lp-
hns‚ {KŸhpw Ahs‚ ZqXs‚ Ncy-bpw. Ch -c≠pw apdpsI∏nSn-
°p∂ Ime-tØmfw \nßƒ ]ng-°p-I-bn-√.''(am-en-Iv)
""\nß-fn¬ DØ-a≥ Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂-h-\m-Wv.''(_p-Jm-cn)
""\£-{X-ß-sf-b-t]-£n®v ]u¿W-an-bpsS ta∑-bmWv `‡-t\-
°mƒ ⁄m\n-°p-≈-Xv.'' (Xn¿anZn)
""A¥y-\m-fn¬ A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ G‰hpw \nIr-jvS≥ Xs‚ Adn-
hp-sIm≠v KpWw t\SmØ ]fin-X-\m-bn-cn°pw''(Zm-cn-an)
""⁄m\m-t\zjn ae-°p-I-fpsS AI-º-Sn-tbm-sS-bmWv kz¿Km-tcm-
lWw \S-Øp-I.''
""Hcp apk¬ams‚ kp{]-[m-\-amb [¿aw ⁄m\w kºm-Zn-°epw
AXv as‰mcp ktlm-Z-c\v ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°-ep-am-Wv.'' (A_q-lp-ssdd)
""P\\w apX¬ acWw hsc A\p-kyq-X-ambn A\p-h¿Øn-°-s∏-
tS≠ H∂mWv ⁄m\-k-ºm-Z-\w.''
""GXv hnin-jvS-I¿am-\p-jvTm-\-ß-sf-°mfpw DZm-Ø-amWv ⁄m\-
k-ºm-Z\w.'' (_pJm-cn)
""Adn-h-t\z-jn-®p≈ t¢i-]q¿Whpw F∂m¬ Ahn-cm-a-hp-amb
At\z-j-W-Øn¬ Bfl-\n¿hr-Xn-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥ kz¿K-]-Y-Øn-
te°v hgn-\-bn-°-s∏-Spw.''(ap-kvenw)
""ssZhkrjvSn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp aWn-°q¿ t\csØ hnNn-¥\w
Fgp-]Xv h¿jsØ Bcm-[-\-tb-°mƒ t{ijvT-a-s{X.''
""Adn-hp-t\-Sm-\p≈ Hcp aWn-°q¿ t\csØ A[zm\w Bbncw
c‡- k m- £ n- I - f psS kwkv I cW- h r- Ø n- I - f n¬ ]s¶- S p- ° p- ∂ - X n- s \-
°mfpw Bbncw cm{Xn-I-fn¬ Bcm-[-\ -\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mfpw
al- Ø a- a mWv . ''
""⁄m\-Øns‚ GXw-ihpw ⁄m\n-bpsS hoWp-In-ńb kzØm-
Wv . ''
""Hcp ⁄m\n, Iqcn-cp-ń¬ Ic-bnepw IS-enepw hgn-Im-´p∂ Hcp
195
hnZq-c-Xm-cIw t]mse-bm-Wv. AXv A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-tºmƒ bm{Xn-I\v

hgn-sX-‰n-t∏m-Im-\n-S-bp-≠v.''
""Adn-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ F√m-h-tcmSpw _m[y-X-Iƒ \nd-th-t‰≠-
Xm-Wv. Hcm-fpsS kzØ-h-Imiw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mfpw s\dn-sI-
´-XmWv Adnhv \ntj-[n-°pI F∂-Xv. A¥y-Zn-\-Øn¬ A√mlp Cu
IrXy-hn-tem-]sØ {i≤n-°p-I-Xs∂ sNøpw.''
""Adn-hp-≈-hs\ _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-h≥ Fs∂-Ø-s∂-bmWv _lp-
am-\n-°p-∂-Xv.''
""\ΩpsS tbm≤m- ° - f - b - ° p∂ Akv { X- ß ƒ°v Ipd®p Zqcta
t]mIm≥ Ign-bq. Adn-hns‚ Akv{X-ßƒ taL-a-e-Iƒt]mepw Xpf-
®p-]m-bpw.''
""hn⁄m- \ m- t \z- j Ww F√m apkv e nw- I ƒ°pw, kv { Xo]p- c pj
hyXym-k-an-√msX \n¿_-‘n-X-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.''
""Adnhv kºm- Z n- ° p- I . ImcWw ssZh- a m¿K- Ø n¬ Adnhv
kºmZn°p-∂-h≥ `‡n-]q¿h-amb Hcp Npa-X-e-bmWv \n¿h-ln-°p-
∂- X v . ⁄m\sØ- ° p- d n®p kwkm- c n- ° p- ∂ - h ≥ ssZh- s Ø- b mWv
{]Io¿Øn- ° p- ∂ - X v . ⁄m- \ w hnX- c WwsNøp- ∂ - h - \ pw(- A ¿l- c m- b -
h¿°v AXv \¬Ip-∂-h-\pw) Zm\-[¿a-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-h\pw ssZh-
Øn-\n-jvS-s∏´ Imcy-ß-fmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Adn-hp-≈-h\v hn[n-°-s∏-
´Xpw hne-°-s∏-´Xpw hnth-Nn-®dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. AXv kz¿K-Øn-
te°v hgn-Im-´p-∂p. AXv hnP-\-X-bnse kplrØpw GIm-¥-X-bnse
_‘phpw H‰-s∏´ Ah-ÿ-bnse Iq´p-Im-c-\p-am-Ip-∂p. AXv kt¥m-
j-Øn-te°v hgn-\-bn-°p∂p. ZpxJ-Øn¬ Bfl-kw-b-a\w \¬Ip-∂p.
kaqlÿen- b n¬ \ap- s °m- c m- ` - c - W - a m- W Xv . i{Xp- ° ƒs°- X nsc
\ΩpsS c£m-I-h-N-ambpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-∂p. Adn-hp≈ ssZh-`-‡-
∑m¿ \∑-bpsS Db-c-ß-fn-se-Øp-Ibpw \ap°v [\y-X-tb-Ip-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. AXv Cl-tem-I-Øn¬ kpIr-Xn-I-fpsS kao]-tØ°pw
]c-tem-I-Øn¬ kz¿K-km-bq-Py-Øn-te°pw FØn°p∂p.''
Ad-_n-`mj Fgp-Xp-hm-\p≈ Iq^n-en]n {]N-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn´v
Ime-ta-sd-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Pmln-enø Ime-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ a\p-jys‚
am\-knI hnIm-k-Øn\v Iq^n-en-]n-bpsS ]ndhn \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶p-
h-ln-®p. (An educational history of the Western World F∂ {KŸ-
Øn¬ AtUmƒ^v C. tab¿ C°mcyw hni-I-e\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v.)
Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS {]`m-X-Im-ew. Bi-b-tem]w hcmsX
196
shfn-]m-Sp-h-N-\-ßƒ Fgp-Xn-sh-°m≥ ]pXnb en]n henb klm-b-

ambn ]cn-W-an-®p. ssZhn-Im-[ym-]-\-ßƒ F∂-Xn-\∏pdw A\m-K-cnI
kaq-l-amb Ad-_n-I-fpsS ⁄m\-hn-⁄m\ hnI-k-\-Ønepw {]Nm-
c-W-Ønepw Jp¿-B≥ hln® ]¶v \nkvXp-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ckvem-anI
`cWw cq]-s∏-´-t∏mƒ Jeo-^-am-cpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ ]pØ-\-dn-hp-Ifpw
tXSn temI tI{µ-ß-fn¬ Np‰n k©-cn-®p. ]T-\-K-th-j-W-ßƒ°v
_KvZmZpw \nkm-an-bm-˛-ap-kvX≥k-cnø k¿h-I-em-im-e-Ifpw ap≥I-
sø-Sp-Øp. Ah°p Np‰pw kwhmZ thZn-Ifpw {KŸ-im-e-I-fp-ap-b¿∂p.
ssh⁄m-\nI {]kn-≤o-I-cW-ßƒ hn]p-e-ambn {]N-cn-®p. {]uV
{KŸ-ßƒ a‰p `mj-Ifn¬\n∂v X¿PasNøm≥ kwL-SnX {ia-ß-
fm-cw-`n-®p. sak-s∏-mtán-b-bn¬ ]nd-hn-sb-SpØXmbn-°-cp-X-s∏-Sp∂
tPym-Xn-»mkv{Xw {Kokn-te°pw Ad_v \mSp-I-fn-te°pw C¥y-bn-
te°pw {]N-cn-®Xv A°m-e-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. Atd_y-bnse imkv{X
{]Xn-`-Iƒ C¥y-bn¬h∂v {_“-Kp-]vXs‚ {]kn-≤-amb hm\-\n-co-
£-W-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ ]Tn®v kz`m-j-bn-te°v samgn-am‰w \S-Øn. sSe-
kvtIm∏v I≠p-]nSn® A_q-l- ≥ B Ime-L-´-Ønse kap-∂X
a\o-jn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. apl-Ω-Zv-˛-A-l-Ω-Zv-˛-l- ≥ ktlm-Z-c≥am¿ tKmf-
N-e-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Is≠-Ønb \nK-a-\-ßƒ tKmf-im-kv{X-hn-`m-K-
Øns‚ ASn∏-S-hp-I-fmbn Io¿Øn-°-s∏-´p. A°m-eØv hym]-I-am-
bm-cw-`n® Bip-]-{Xn-I-fpsS kwhn-[m-\hpw NnIn-’m-co-Xnbpw «mL-
\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p-. -tem-I-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fnepw k©-cn®v \√ \√
NnIn- ’ m- c o- X n- I ƒ Is≠Øn Ah- s b√mw {]tbm- P - \ - s ∏- S p- Ø m≥
t]mcp∂ Hcp DZv{K-YnX NnIn-’m-co-Xn(integrated medical treatment)
_KvZm-Zn¬ A∂v \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. dp_mCøm-Øns‚ I¿Øm-
hmb Da¿ Jømw D∂-X-\mb Hcp tPymXn-»m-kv{X-⁄≥ IqSn-bm-bn-
cp-∂p. B[p\nI ]©mw-K-ß-fnse hyh-l-c-W-co-Xn-I-fp-ambn Da¿
Jøm-ans‚ ]©mw-K-coXn At`-ZyX kq£n-®n-cp-∂p F∂mWv hnZ-
Kv[-a-Xw. temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fnepw cmP-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-sf-b-b®v
hne]n-Sn-∏p≈ hn⁄m-\-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ kam-l-cn®v {KŸ-∏p-c-Isf kº-
∂-am-°m≥ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb Ab-
\n-bpsS IW-°-\p-k-cn®v A∂v Ibvtdm-hnse {KŸ-im-e-bn¬ Ccp-
]Xv e£-Øn-e-[nIw {KŸ-ß-fp-≠m-bncp-∂p. Ah-bn¬ Bdm-bn-c-
Øn- e - [ nIw {KŸ- ß ƒ hm\imkv - { X - h n- j - b - I - a m- b n- c p∂p F∂pw
At±lw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
"temI-Ønse AXyp-÷zeamb sFizcy-tI{µw' F∂v Ihn-I-
fm¬ Io¿Øn-°-s∏´ sImd-tZmh kI-e -im-co-cnI tcmK-ßƒ°pw
197
\nZm\w a\- m-sW∂ {]mNo\ `mc-Xob \nK-a-\sØ temI-{i-≤-

°p-ap-∂n¬ i‡n-bp‡w ka¿Yn® imkv{X-k-ap-∂-Xn-bpsS \K-c-am-
bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bn¬ h∂v kwkvIr-X-`mjm ]T\w \SØn `mc-Xob
thZ-im-kv{X-ß-fn¬ Ah-Kmlw t\Snb A¬_ndq\n Xs‚ hnJym-
X-amb "ô XlvJoJn am -en¬ lnµv' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ C¥y t\Snb
imkv{X-˛-km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fnse hnIm-k-hr-≤n-Ifpw Ad_v cmjv{S-
ß-fp-am-bp≈ C¥y-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw
hni-Z-ambn {]Xn]mZn®n-´p≠s{X.
A°m-eØv Ad_v cmjv{S-ßƒ ssIh-cn® NnIn’m cwK-ß-fnse
t\´-ßƒ KW-\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Z-Ø-amb ico-c-˛-a-\- p-I-fpsS
A\yq- \ - a mb kwc- £ Ww kaq- l - Ø ns‚ {]mYanI _m[y- X - b m-
sW∂v Icp-Xn-t∏m∂ Ckvem-anI `c-W-IqSw cmPy-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-
K- ß - f nepw "Zm- d p- » n- ^ m' (Btcm- K y- k w- c - £ W tI{µ- ß ƒ) F∂
t]cn¬ Gsd ê-{]-Z-amb Hcp ]≤-Xn-bm-cw-`n-®n-cp-∂p. ka-{Khpw
a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-sØ kw-_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw kIeXe-kv]¿in-bp-amb
hnI-k-t\m-∑p-J- {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-∂nb Ckvem-anI kmwkvIm-cnI
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv bqtdm-∏ns‚ \thm-∞m-\-Øn\v am¿K-Z¿i-I-am-
bn -]-cn-W-an-®-Xv.
Zm¿i- \ nI hni- I - e - \ - t h- Z n- b n¬ C_v \ p- k o\(A- h n- s k- ∂ )
\¬Inb kw`m-h\ AXp-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±-lsØ BNm-cy-\mbn
hcn®v ]m›mXy temIw BZ- c hv Imń. A©p- \ q- ‰ m- ≠ p- I mew
C_v\pko\m Xcw-K-am-bn-cp∂p ]m›mXy sshZy-im-kv{X-cw-K-Ø-\p-
`-h-s∏-´-Xv. {]kn-≤-ß-fmb {Ko°v sshZy-im-kv{X-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ ]q¿W-
ambpw Ad-_n-bn-te°v samgn-am-‰-s∏-´-Xmbpw Ncn{X kqN-\-I-fp-≠v.
kme¿tam-hnse sshZy-hn-Zym-ebw temI-{]-i-kvX-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp
Ime-Ø-Xns‚ kmcYyw hln-®n-cp∂ Camwdm-kn-bpsS sshZy-im-kv{X
-Kth-j-W-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ bqtdm-∏n-emsI {]N-cn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw At±-l-
Øns‚ _rl-Øm-b, Ccp-]Xv hmey-ß-fp≈ Hcp hninjvS {KŸw
{KŸ-tem-I-Ønse Hcn-Xn-lm-k-am-bn-cp∂psh∂pw Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. hkq-cn, Icp-h≥ XpS-ßnb tcmK-ß-sf-°p-dn-
®p≈ dm-kn-bpsS A]-{K-Y-\-{KŸw NnIn-’m-cw-KØv henb tImfn-
f°w krjvSn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw AXns‚ \m¬]-Xn¬]cw ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ
A°m-e-Ø-hnsS {]N-cn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ncn-{X-kq-N-\-I-fp-≠v. hn¬Uq-
d‚ns‚ Age of faith F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ Cß-s\-sbmcp ]cm-a¿i-ap≠v:
""apkvenw-I-fmWv BZy-ambn Huj-[-\n¿amW hn]-W-\-im-e-I-fm-
198
cw-`n-®-Xv. Huj[\n¿am-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb imkv{X-X-Øz-ß-fm-hn-jvI-

cn-®Xpw Ah¿ Xs∂. ]Ømw \q‰m-≠n¬ _KvZm-Zn¬ am{Xw 860
NnIn’m ssek≥kp≈ AwKo-IrX tUmIvS¿am-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.''
C_v\p-C-kvlmJv cNn® {]hm-N-Is‚ Poh-N-cn-{X-amWv Ad-_n-
km-ln-Xy-Ønse BZysØ {]hm-NINcn-{X- {K-Ÿw. Xz_cn F∂
Ncn{X Kth-j-I-\mWv {]]-t©m¬]-Øn- ap-X¬ {In. 915 hsc-bp≈
temI-N-cn{Xw BZy-am-sb-gp-Xn-b-Xv. CXv 150 hmey-ß-fn-embn cq]-a-
Wn-™p-In-S-°p-∂p. \nXm-¥-Zo¿L-amb \m¬]Xp h¿jsØ X]-
ns‚ ê-am-WXv!
C_v \ pJ¬Zq≥ F∂ Ncn- { X- ] - fi n- X s‚ \ma- t [bw Ad_n
kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Ahn-kva-c-Wobam-Wv. ""Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-ßsf hnh-cn®v
Ah-bpsS ]c-kv]c _‘-ßsf hymJym-\n®v Ah-bn¬ A¥¿eo-\-
amb \nb-a-ßsf A\m-h-cWw sNbvXv Ncn{X XØz-Nn-¥-bpsS D]-
⁄m-Xm-hmbn amdnb {]mX-kva-c-Wo-b-\mWv C_v\pJ¬Zq≥'' F∂
s{]m^. ]n.-sI. apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ {it≤-b-am-Wv. C_v\p
J¬Zqs‚ "apJ- ± na' F∂ hntizm- Ø c {KŸ- s Ø- ° p- d n®v
B¿tWmƒUv tSmbn≥_n Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-SpØn:
""C{Xbpw al-Ø-c-amb Hcp {KŸw HcpImeØpw HcptZiØpw
Hcp a\p-jy≥ cNn-®n-ń-√.''
{In. 707- ˛ ¬ a°- b n¬ IS- e m- k ns‚ D]- t bm- K - a m- c w- ` n- ® p. Gsd
sshImsX _Kv Z m- Z n¬ IS- e mkv \n¿am- W - i m- e - X - s ∂- b p- ≠ m- b n.
AtXmsS {KŸ-ß-fpsS {]Nmcw IqSn. Hcp \q‰m≠v Ign-bp-tºm-tg°pw
_KvZm-Zn¬ am{Xw \qdn-tesd ]pkvXIhym]m-c-im-e-Iƒ cq]-s∏´pIgn-
™n- c p- ∂ p F∂m- W - d n- b p- ∂ - X v . ]pkv X Ihym]mcime- I - s f- ∂ Xv
]pkvXI hn]-W\w am{Xw \S-Øn-t∏m∂ tI{µ-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√. k¿K-
{]-Xn-`-Isf {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn DØa {KŸ-ßƒ cNn-°p-∂-Xn\pw
hniz hnJym-X-ß-fmb {KŸ-ßƒ Is≠Øn ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m\pw
]cm-h¿Ø\w \S-Øm\pw Aßs\ Ad_n`mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-
sØbpw kº-∂-am-°m-\p-ap≈ kmwkvIm-cnI {ia-ßfpw hym]m-c-
* ÿn-Xn-hn-h-c-ßƒ°v s{]m^. ]n.-sI. apl-Ω-Z-en-tbmSv IS-∏m-Sv-˛-{KŸ-I¿Ømhv.
199
im-e-Iƒ tI{µ-ambn \S-Ønbncp-∂p. Imen-I-hn-j-b-ß-sf -kw-_-‘n-

®p≈ Kuc-h-anb∂ N¿®-Iƒ°pw Cu hym]m-c-im-e-Iƒ Bÿm-\-
ß-fmbn h¿Øn-®p. ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-sIm≠v am{Xw hnZym-`ymks®e-
hp-Iƒ km[n® ]c-»Xw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ A∂p-≠mbn-cp∂p F∂m-W-
dn-bp-∂-Xv.
C_v\p CkvlmJv samgn-am‰w \S-Ønb al-Zv{K-Ÿ-ßsf, Ah-
bpsS hiy-amb kuµ-cy-{]-l¿jw ImcWw klr-Z-b-temIw lrZ-
b- X mew Imń kzoI- c n- ® - X mbpw {KŸ- ß ƒ°v Xpey- a mb Xq°w
kz¿Ww \¬In-s°m≠v At±-l-Øn\v cmP-Iob _lp-aXn \¬In-
b-Xmbpw F∂m¬ AØcw AXncphn´ Zp¿hy-bßsf-®q≠n, Jeo^
cmP-`-fimcw \in-∏n-°p-I-bm-sW-∂m-tcm-]n-°m≥ P\-ßƒ Xøm-dm-
b-Xmbpw Ncn-{X-km-£y-ap-≠v.
tPymXn-jsØ Ihn-Sn-°-fn-bmbn ImWp∂ Ckvemw kwkvIrXn
tPymXn-»m-kv{X-Øn¬ AXoh X¬]-c-cm-bn-cp-∂p. tPymXn-»m-kv{X-
Øns‚ IÆn- e qsS a\p- j ys‚ ho£- W sØ hn]p- e - a m- ° p- h m\pw
Aßs\ {]Ir-Xn-c-l-ky-ß-fn-te-°q-fn-bn-ń-d-ßm\pw apl-ΩZp_v\p
aqkm XpS-ßnb tPymXn-»mkv{X hnim-c-Z≥am¿ sNbvX Kth-jW
\nco-£-W-ßƒ \nkvXp-e-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. tSmf-an-bpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-
I-fn-eqsS apt∂-dn kqcy-tKm-f-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ Kth-jWw \S-
Øp-hm≥ Hcp hn]p-e-amb ]T-\-kwLw Xs∂ apt∂m-´p-h-∂p. 12˛mw
\q‰m-≠m-Ip-tºm-tg°pw tSmf-an-bpsS Nne Is≠-Ø-ep-Isf XncpØn
apt∂-dm≥ tPymXn-»m-kv{X-⁄-\mb A_q-_-°dn\v km[n-®p.
{XntIm-W-an-Xn-( Trignometry)sb -C-∂sØ \ne-bn¬ hf¿Øn-
bXpw Ad_n A°-ßƒ, ]qPyw, Zimwi k{º-Zmbw XpS-ßnb hnπ-
h-]-c-amb I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ßsf ]m›mXy temI-Øn\p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-
Øn-b-Xpw Ad-_n-I-fm-Wv. Da¿J-øm-amWv A{KKX _oP-K-Wn-X-(Ad-
vanced Algebra)sØ I≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xv.
200
`qan-im-kv{X-Øn-s‚bpw `q]-S-\n¿am-W-Øn-s‚bpw Ncn-{X-Øn¬

A¬_- Ø m\n, A¬^¿Km- \ n, A¬_- n dq\n XpS- ß nbhc¿∏n®
kw`mh-\-Iƒ temI-{i≤ BI¿jn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. temI-bm-{Xn-I\pw
Ckvemw Ncn-{X-Ønse AXn-Im-b\pw _lp-`mjm ]fin-X\pw Zm¿i-
\n-I-\p-amb A¬_n-dq\n `qan-im-kv{X-Ønepw tPymXn-»m-kv{X-Ønepw
AXpey {]Xn-`-bm-bn-cp-∂p. temIØmZy-ambn tcJmw-i-ßƒ, A£mw-
i-ßƒ F∂n-hsb kw_-‘n-°p∂ `qan-imkv{X ]ń-I-Iƒ Xøm-dm-
°n-bXv A¬_ndq-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Zqc-Z¿in-\nbpw Zn°v \nb-{¥W b{¥-
(Mariner's Compass)hpw I≠p-]n-Sn-®Xv as‰mcp {]kn≤ temI-k-
©m- c n- b mb C_v \ p- _ - Ø qØbmbn- c p- ∂ p. ""A√mlp {]Xn- h n[n
\n›bn-®n-ń-√mØ Hcp tcmK-hp-an-√'' F∂ {]hm-N-I-h-N-\-Øn¬\n∂v
{]tNm- Z - \ - a pƒs°m- ≠ p- s Im≠v apt∂m´p \oßnb `nj- K z- c - k - a q- l -
Øns‚ {]b-Xv\-^-e-ambn A°m-esØ sshZy-imkv{Xw Gsd kº-
∂-am-bn-cp-∂p.
temI-sØ-ßp-ap≈ ssh⁄m\nI hn`-h-ßƒ tiJ-cn®v Ad-_n-
I-fpsS ss[j-WnI PohnXw ktN-X-\hpw kº-∂-hp-am-°m≥ Da-hn-
˛-A-∫m-kn Jeo-^-am¿ hn]p-e-amb kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-≠m-°n. a≥kq¿,
aAvaq≥, apX-h-°n¬ XpS-ßnb Jeo-^-am¿ KWnX˛sshZy-im-kv{X -
{KŸ-ßƒ kw`-cn-°m≥ i{Xp-cm-Py-ß-fn-te-°p-t]mepw ZqX-∑msc
\ntbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p.
{In. 830- ˛ ¬ A¬aA- v a q≥ c≠p e£w Zo\m¿ sNehv s Nbv X v
_Kv Z m- Z n¬ ÿm]n® hn⁄m\`h- \ - Ø n¬ hntZ- i - ` m- j - I - f nse
hnJymX {KŸ- ß ƒ Ad- _ n- b n- t e°v hnh¿Ø\w sNøm- \ mbn
{]tXyI I¿a-kw-LsØ \ntbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. GXm≠v H∂c \q‰m≠v
Imew Cu hnh¿Ø-\-b⁄w \S-∂p.
\nc- h [n Ad_n`mjm- {K- Ÿ - ß ƒ a‰p sshtZ- i nI `mj- I - f n-
te°pw X¿Pa sNø- s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- ≠ v . BwK- t eb {KŸ- I m- c - \ mb Hl-
√m¿Uv(1100-˛1200) CuPn]vXv XpS-ßnb cmPy-ßƒ kµ¿in-°sh ]cn-
N-b-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bmb bq¢nUns‚ A¬ A¿Im≥ F∂ hm\-imkv{X
kw_-‘-amb {KŸsØ Ad_n`mj-bn¬\n∂v Cw•o-jn-te°v ]cn-
`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn. At∂mfw AØ-c-samcp Nn¥m-[m-c-sb-∏‰n bqtdm∏n\v
Adn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. as‰mcp hnNm-c-a-Xn-bmb {KŸ-Im-c≥ tπt‰m XmbvKp-
en(Plato Taiguli) Xntbm-U-jykv Fgp-Xnb "A¬ AIm¿' F∂ {KŸw
Cw•o-jn-te°v X¿Pa sNbvX-t∏mƒ al-Ømb Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI
]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ s]cp-ºd apg-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. a\p-jym-
[n-hm-k-ap≈ h≥I-c-I-fpsS `qan-imkv{Xw hyh-l-cn-°p∂ tSmf-an-
201
bpsS "dptUmƒ^v {_qKn' F∂ Ad-_nIv {KŸw Cw•o-jn-te°v

samgn-am-‰n-b-t∏mƒ ""AXv kmwkvIm-cnI cwKsØ sFXn-lm-kn-I-
amb kw`-h-am-bn-cp∂p'' F∂mWv {^©v Zm¿i-\nI\mb hneyw eqbn
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Xs‚ Ad-_nIv A[ym-]-I-cn¬\n∂v ssIh∂
BƒPn{_ kw_- ‘ n® \qX\ kn≤m- ¥ - ß ƒ°v {In. 1200- ˛ ¬
sdmWmƒUv s_bvKv {KŸ-cq]w \¬In. Ad-_n-`m-j-bn-ep≈ {]Jym-
X- a mb bq¢n- U n- b ≥ Z¿i- \ - { KŸw Ip_- t \mkv \ukn(Kubanos
Nausy) Cw•o-jn-te°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv 13-˛mw iX-I-Øn-em-Wv.
imkv{X-kw-_-‘-amb Xs‚ teJ-\-ß-fn¬ tlmsa¬Uv-(Homeld)
Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-SpØn:
""]m›m-Xy¿, hnti-jn®pw kvs]bn-\nepw a‰p-ap≈ {KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿
Ad_n kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Bth-in-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p.''
Adn-hns‚ kam¿P-\-Øn\pw {]Nm-c-W-Øn\pw Bcm-[-\-bpsS
Bfl-hn-ip≤n kΩm-\n® Ckvem-anI kwkvIr-Xn ]qØp-e-™p-\n-
∂n-cp∂ ImeØv hn-⁄m\ ]n]m-kp-°-fmb hntZ-iob hnZym¿Yn-
Iƒ Ad_v \mSp-I-fn-se-Øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p; Ah-cpsS sNe-hp-I-f-
{Xbpw hln-®Xv ]≈n-bpsS Npa-X-e-°m-cpw. A¬_n-dq\n-bpsS ]cm-
a¿iw t\m°pI:
""]≈n-Iƒ {]m¿Y-\m-e-b-ßƒ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√, ]T-\-tI-{µ-ßfpw
IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]≈n-I-fn¬\n∂mWv ]T-\-hr-Øn-bpsS XpS-°w. {Ia-
Øn¬ {]mY-anI hnZym-e-b-Øn-te°v hf¿s∂-Øp∂p; a‡-_p-Iƒ
F∂mWv Ah hnfn-°-s∏-´-Xv. a‡-_p-I-fn¬ Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-b-Ww,
Jp¿-B\nI in£-Ww, Ad_v kwkvIr-Xn, KWn-X-hn-Zym-`ym-kw, Ien-
{K-^n-bn-ep≈ ]cn-io-e-\w F∂nh \njvI¿jn-°-s∏-´p. ap∆m-bn-c-Øn-
tesd hnZym¿Yn-I-fp≈ a‡-_p-Iƒ A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂p≈
D]-cn-]-T\ ÿm]-\-ß-fmWv aZvd-k-Iƒ. aZvdkm hnZym-`ymkw XnI®pw
kuP-\y-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v [\nI˛Zcn{Z hyXym-k-an-√msX
kaq-l-Ønse F√m Ipń-Ifpw aZvdk-I-fn¬ \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]s¶-
Sp-Øp-h-∂p. Xma-kn®p ]Tn-°p-∂-hcpw h∂p-t]m-Ip∂hcp-ambn A∂v
c≠p-Xcw At[y-Xm-°-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kº-∂-cpsS a°-fmWv aZvd-
k-Iƒ°-Sp-Øp≈ hk-Xn-I-fn¬ Xma-kn®p ]Tn-®-Xv. Ahn-SsØ sNe-
hp-Iƒ Ah¿ kzbw hln-°Ww F∂mWv hyh-ÿ... Ibvtdm-hnse
Hcp sse{_dn {]tXyI ]cm-a¿iw A¿ln-°p-∂p. Ckvem-anI temI-
Ønse G‰hpw henb {KŸ-ti-J-c-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. \m¬]Xv hnime
ime-I-fn-embn ]c-k-l{kw {KŸ-ßƒ \ncØn \nd-®p-sh-®n-cn-°p-I-
202
bmWv . {]mNo\ imkv { X- ß sf kw_- ‘ n- ° p∂ ]Xn- s \- ´ m- b n- c -

Øn¬]cw {KŸ- ß ƒ Ahn- s S- b p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ - X mbn F\n- ° - d n- b mw.
AhnsS Xma-kn®v {KŸ-k-]cy km[n-°p-∂-h-cpsS kuI-cym¿Yw
Ipfn-ap-dn-Iƒ, t`mP-\-im-e-Iƒ, hn{i-a-ap-dn-Iƒ, Bip-]-{Xn-Iƒ XpS-
ßnb kwhn- [ m- \ - ß - s f- √ mw k÷- a m°n°≠- t ∏mƒ hnkv a bw
tXm∂n.''(A¬_-ndq-\n)
hnZym-ebw F∂ A¿Y hnh-£-bp≈ Hc-d_n ]Z-amWv aZvd-k.
]≈n-°q-S-ßƒ°pw a‡-_p-Iƒ°pw A∏p-d-ap≈ D]-cn-]-T\ tI{µ-
ß-fmWv aZvd-k-I-sf-¶nepw kmam-\y-ambn GXv hnZym-e-b-sØbpw
aZvdk F∂p hnfn-°mw. Ckvem-an-I-temIw aX-hn-⁄m\ tI{µ-ßs-
f-bmWv aZvdk F∂ ]Zw-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv. ChnsS ]T-\-Øn-s\-
Øp-∂-h¿ ]≈n-°q-Sw-˛-a-‡-_p-Iƒ hgn aX-hn-j-b-I-amb {]mY-anI
hn⁄m\w t\Sn-b-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. HcpXcw Kpcp-Ipe k{º-Zm-b-am-WnXv.
Kpcp-thm-sSm∏w Xma-kn-®v, Kpcp-hns‚ \nXy-km-∂n-[y-a-\p-`-hn®v aX-
hn-j-b-ßƒ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-°p-I-bm-W-h¿.
C¥y-bnepw samtdm-t°m-bnepw 8,9 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ {]i-kvX-ß-
fmb Ht´sd aZvd-k-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn Ncn{Xw tLmjn-°p-∂p-
≠v (_-lvssd≥ ayqkn-b-Øn¬ Ah-bpsS \n›e Zriy-ßƒ {]Z¿in-
∏n-®p-I-≠p). [¿an-jvT-cmb kº-∂-cpsS \n¿tem-`-amb kl-I-c-W-
amWv aZvdkm {]ÿm-\sØ kwc-£n-®p-t]m-∂-Xv. \n›nX ImesØ
]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm°n ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-∂-h¿°v k\Zpw {]amW]{X-ß-
fpw(-C-Pm-k) \¬In-t∏m-∂p. _KvZm-Znse aZvd-k-I-fn¬\n∂p -e-`n-°p∂
{]am- W - ] - { X- ß ƒ°v hniz- { ]- i - k v X - a mb s]cp- a - b p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p.
{]amW]{X -hn-X-cWw C∂sØ {]map-Jy-an-b∂ _ncp-Z-Zm-\-®-S-ßv(-
tIm¨shm- t °- j ≥) - t ]mse {it≤- b - a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ]n¬°m- e Øv
]m›mXy \mSp-I-fn-em-cw-`n® bq\n-thgvkn-‰n-Iƒ°v {]tNm-Z-Ihpw am¿K-
Z¿i-I-hp-am-bXv Ckvem-anI cmjv{Sß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ CØcw ÿm]-
\-ß-fm-sW∂v Camw K men tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. C∂p ImWp-∂,
_ncp- Z - Z m- \ - ® - S - ß - p - I - t fm- S - \ p- _ - ‘ n- ® p- ≈ , Ab- ™ p- \ o≠ IdpØ
BNm-c-h-kv{X-ß-f-Wn-bp∂ coXn-t]mepw _KvZm-Zn-sebpw a‰pw Ckvem-
anI hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]I¿Ø-s∏-´-h-bm-W-s{X.
a[y-Im-eL´Øn¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ kmam-\y-P-\-Øns‚ PohnXw Ccp-
fp-d-™-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. A¬]w Nne ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw k\ym-kn-am-cp-
* ]n¬°m-eØv "InXm-_p¬ JdmPv' F∂ hn{ipX{KŸw cNn® A_q-bq-kp^v A_q-

l-\o-^-°p-tijw No^v PÃnkpw Bhp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
203
sam-gn-®m¬ _m°nhcp∂ P\-km-am-\y-amsI \nc-£-c-cm-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym-

`ym-k-ta-J-e-Ifpw imkv{X kmt¶-XnI Xe-ßfpw Ah¿°-\y-am-bn-
cp-∂p. ]utcm-lnXy tI{µo-Ir-Xhpw A‘hpw Xo{h-hp-amb aX-hn-
izm-khpw imkv{Xo-b-amb hf¿®°pw bp‡y-\p-kr-X-amb apt∂-‰-
Øn\pw henb XS- -am-bn-∏-cn-W-an-®p. kq£va-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬, aX-
]-c-amb {]map-Jy-ta-sd-bp-s≠-¶nepw C‰-en-b√ kvs]bn-\mWv temI-
\m-K-cn-I-X-bpsS sImSn-∏-S-ap-b¿Øn-bXv F∂v Is≠-Øm≥ Ignbpw.
bqtdm-∏n-ep-≠mb Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw imkv{Xo-bhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb
\thm- ∞ m- \ - Ø ns‚ Ncn{Xw ]Tn- ° p- t ºmƒ Cu cwK- ß - f n- e msI
apkvenw-Iƒ ka¿∏n® kw`m-h-\-I-fpsS \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶v ]cn-
hy-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.
i‡-ambpw kphn-i-Z-ambpw Jp¿-B≥ a\p-jy-t\m-Sm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
_p≤n-i‡n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw {]IrXn˛Ncn-{X-]-T-\-ß-fn-eqsS
Adnhv t\Sm\pw `qan-bn¬ k©-cn®v Imcy-ßƒ t\m°n-°m-Wm\pw
{]]© \nbaßsf-°p-dn-®-dn-bm\pw Cu {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-sb√mw
⁄m\w h¿[n-∏n-°p-hm\pw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv {]m¿Yn-°p-hm-\p-am-Wv.
apl-ΩZv \_n \ntbm-Kn-X\mhp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Atd_y A⁄-X-
bp-sSbpw \nc-£-c-X-bp-sSbpw Ac-ßm-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿-B\pw {]hm-N-
I\pw Adn-hn\pw ]T-\-{In-b-Iƒ°pw Af-h‰ {]mapJyw \¬In. kXy-
th-Z-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ, kv{Xo]p-cpj hyXym-k-an-√msX hnZym-`ymkw t\tS-
≠-h-cm-sW∂pw Xqen-I-bpsS alXzw A\¬]-am-sW∂pw Ckvemw
{]t_m-[n-∏n-®p. Bcm-[-\-s°m∏w A\n-hm-cy-amWv A£-c-]-cn-N-cWw
F∂-dn-bn-°m-\mWv aZo-\m-∏-≈n-°-\p-_-‘-ambn A{X-Xs∂ {]m[m-
\y-tØmsS hnZym-ime \n¿an-®Xpw {]hm-N-I\pw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw Xs∂
AXns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ t\cn´v ]¶p-h-ln-®-Xpw. apkvenw cmjv{S-
ß-fn-emsI {]mY-anI hnZym-e-b-ßƒ ]c-t{]-c-W-bn-√m-sX-Øs∂ [¿a-
\n¿h-lWw F∂ \ne-bn¬ hym]-I-ambn \n¿an-°-s∏-´p. {][m\ ]≈n-
I-tfm-sSm∏w ]≈n-°qSw Hcp ]Xn-hm-bn. lnPvd 2˛mw \q‰m≠v Ah-
km- \ n- ° p- t ºmtg°pw Cdm- \ n¬ s]Ïp- ´ n- I ƒ°mbn am{Xw Hcp
hnZym-ebw ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p-sh∂v Ncn-{X-a-dn-bn-°p-∂p. Bdp-h-b v
]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-tºm-tg°pw Ipń-Isf Zcn-{Z-˛[-\nI hyXym-k-an-√msX
hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ tN¿Øp-h-∂p.
Jp¿-B≥ Bg-Øn¬ A]-{K-Yn-®p -]-Tn-∏n-°m-\p≈ kwhn-[m\w
A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿-B≥ ]q¿W-ambpw lrZn-ÿ-am-°nb \nc-h-
[n-t]¿ A°m-e-Øns‚ ku`mKyam-bn-cp-∂p.
204
{]mY-anI hnZym-e-b-ßfn¬ FgpØpw hmb-\bpw hymI-cW `mK-

ßfpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-t]m-∂p. Ad_n hymI-c-WØns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-{In-b-
Iƒ, Ihn-X, {]hm-N-I-Po-hn-Xw, lZo-kp-Iƒ- F-∂nh ]T-\-hn-j-b-ß-
fn¬ s]´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿-B≥ Ah-ew-_-am-°n-bm-bn-cp∂p F√mw.
hnZymZm\w Hcp hnip≤ I¿a-am-sW∂ Id-I-f™ hnizmkw \ne-hn-
ep- ≠ m- b n- c p∂XpsIm≠mWv A°m- e sØ an° hnZym- e - b - ß fpw
Bcm-[-\meb-ßƒ°-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ {]h¿Øn-®p-t]m-∂-Xv. A°m-esØ
apkv e nw ]≈n- I ƒ°v Hcp {]tXy- I - X - b p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ]≈n- I ƒ
k¿thm-]cn Bcm-[\m tI{µ-am-bmWv Icp-X-s∏-´-sX-¶nepw Hcp k©m-
cn°v AXv hn{i-a-tI-{µ-ambpw Hcp tcmKn°v AXv Bip-]-{Xn-bmbpw
a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ \oXn-\ym-b-tIm-S-Xn-bmbpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-´p. F√m-am-
sW-¶nepw {]m¿Y-\-°mWv {]mapJyw \¬In-t∏m-∂-Xv.
]≈n-Iƒ°-\p-_-‘-ambn hyXykvX {]`m-j-W-im-e-Ifpw A∂p-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p. GXv ]fin-X∂pw GXv hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®pw AhnsS
{]`m-jWw \S-Ømw. {]`m-j-Is‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS B¿°pw kZ-
n¬ t{imXm- h mbn ]s¶- S p- ° mw. tNmtZym- Ø - c - ß - s f- s °m≠v
AXy¥w kPo-h-am-bn-cp∂ ]≈n{]kw-K-im-e-I-sfbpw ]≈nhnZym-
e-b-ß-sf(Mosque School)-bpw kw_-‘n®v Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb aweq-
°v(Mamluk) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Adnhv t\Sm-\p≈ A¥¿Zm-l-
tØmsS hs∂- Ø m- d p≈ ]e hntZ- i - b m- { X- n I¿°pw Ibv t dm- h nse
]≈n-Iƒ hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ hn`-h-tI-{µ-ß-fmbn A\p-`-h-s∏´p F∂v
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. \nkm-an-bm k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \mev h¿j-
°mew {]`m-j-I-\m-bn-cp-∂ Camw K men hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Xß-fpsS
[m¿anI \ne-hmcw Db¿Øp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb {]tNm-Z\w \¬Im≥
AØcw ]≈nhnZym-e-b-ßƒ°v Ign-™n-cp∂p F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn-´p-≠v.
Ckvem-anI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \nkm-ap¬ ap≥Iv Xp-kn, kzem-lp-±o≥
XpS- ß nb {]m- X - k v a - c - W o- b - c mb A[ym- ] - I - ∑ m- c psS tkh- \ - ß ƒ
Io¿Øn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. \nc-h[n A°m-Z-an-Iƒ ÿm]n® kzem-lp-±os‚
t\Xr- X z- Ø n- e m- W v Ua- k v I kv "hnZym- e - b - ß - f psS \Kc'(City of
Schools)ambn Adn- b - s ∏- ´ Xv . Ibv t dm- h nse kp¬Øm≥ lks‚
AXyp-∂-X-amb k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n-
∂p-w hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw ]fin-X-∑mcpw hs∂-Øn-bn-cp-∂p-h-s{X. kvs]bn-
\ns‚ Bÿm-\-\-K-cn-bn¬ am{Xw Ccp-]-Øn-tbgv kuP\y hnZym-e-
b-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw AXn\v aWn-a-Ip-S-ambn h¿Øn® sImd-
tZmh k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn-te°v h¿W-h¿K-`mjm hnizm-k-t`-Z-an-√msX
205
bqtdm-∏v, B{^n-°, Gjym F∂o h≥I-c-I-fn¬\n∂v hnZym-X¬]-c-

cmb Bbn-c-ßƒ hs∂-Øm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw \ma-dn-bp-∂p. Ncn-
{Xw, XØz-im-kv{Xw, \£-{X-im-kv{Xw, sshZy-imkv{Xw, `qan-im-
kv{Xw, KWnXw XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ß-fn¬ temI-a-lm-]-fin-X-∑m¿°v
AhnsS Bÿm-\-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbpw Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fp-≠v.
A°m-esØ {]ap-J- tbm-≤m-hm-bn-cp∂ Camw \qdp-±o≥ iloZv
ÿm]n® Ua-kvI-knse aZvd-k-Xp-∂q-cnø C∂pw {]i-kvX-amb coXn-
bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-t]m-cp-∂p. BZy-Im-eØv AhnSsØ A[ym-]-I¿
{]Xn-êw t]mepw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂n-s√-∂m-W-dn-bp-∂-Xv. AXyp-∂-X-
cmb alm-]-fin-X-∑mcpsS km£y-]-{X-ap-≈-h¿t° ]Tn∏n-°m-\-\p-
hm- Z - a p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p- ≈ q. hnZym- ` ym- k - Ø ns‚ KpW- ] - c - X - b n- e p≈
\njvI¿j A{X-am{Xw i‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂sØ A[ym-]-I-cpsS
ÿm\- N n- ” - ß ƒ "sXm∏nbpw XInSp'ambn- c p- ∂ p. kv s ]bn- \ nse
Ckvem-anI ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS thj-hn-[m-\-co-Xn-bmWv ]n¬°m-eØv
]m›m-Xy¿ ]I¿Øn-b-Xv. KuWpw intcm-h-kv{Xhpw ]nd-∂-X-ß-s\-
bm-Wv. Ua-kvI-knse tXm´-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]dn-s®-SpØ ]g-ßƒ Ahn-
SsØ Camw \hhn Hcn-°¬t]mepw `£n-®n-cp-∂n-s√-∂m-W-dn-bp-∂-
Xv ˛ ImcWw hnZym-im-e-Iƒ°mbn "hJ^v' sNø-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p
Ah!
hnZym-e-b-ß-tfm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ hnZym-eb tImwπ-Ivkn¬ ÿnc-
ambn Hcp lZokv ]fin-X≥, c≠v Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-b-W-hn-Z-Kv[¿,
Hcp NnIn- ’ m- h n- i m- c - Z ≥, Pn⁄m- k p- ° - f mb ]Øp ]cn- t k- h - I ¿
F∂n-h-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
ssZhnI`c-W-Øns‚ Bÿm-\-( The Seat of Theocratic Com-
mon-Wealth)ambn a- Z o\ Adn- b - s ∏´t∏mƒ aZo- \ - b psS Bflo-
tbm¬°¿jw temI-{i-≤ BI¿jn-®p. t]¿jy, {Kokv, kndn-b, Cdm-
Jv, B{^n° XpS-ßnb hyXykvX Pohn-X-{]-Ir-X-ap≈ {]tZ-i-ß-
fnse P\-ßƒ A∂v Znim-t`-Z-an-√msX a-Zo-\-bnse \nXy kµ¿i-I-
cm-bn-cp∂p.
""imkv{Xhnj-b-ß-fnse Ah-Kmlw AXyp-∂-X-amb BZ-c-h¿ln-
°p∂p'', ""hnZym-`ym-k-th-Zn°v ktN-X-\Xzw \¬Ip-∂-h\v ac-W-an√'',
""Hcp-hs‚ G‰hpw henb B`-cWw Ah≥ t\Snb hnZym-`ym-k-amWv''
F∂nßs\ kzbw ad-∂p -]-d-bm-dp≈ Jeo^ Aen-sb-t∏m-ep-≈-h-
cpsS `c- W hpw ]cn- N - c - W - h p- a m- W v Ckv e m- a nI cmjv { S- ß - f nse
⁄m\˛hn-⁄m\ hnIm-k-ß-fpsS al-Xz-am¿∂ t{kmX- p-I-fmbn
206
h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-°p≈ {]`-h-ß-fmbn thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnse hcnjvS

kq‡-ß-fpw.*
Hcp hn{ip-X- \m-K-cn-I-X-sb-°p-dn®v

A∂v hnZym-e-b-ß-fpsS kncm-tI{µw ]≈n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Bcm-[-\m-
tI{µw F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw hnizm-kn-bpsS Pohn-X-hy-h-lm-c-Øns‚ ka-
kvX-X-e-ß-fp-ambn Hcp kwtbm-PI X¥p-t]mse ]≈n {]h¿Øn-
®p. hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ BZy-]m-T-ßƒ ]cn-N-bn-°p∂Xpw ]≈n-bp-
ambn _‘-s∏-´p≈ ]≈n-°q-S-ß-fn¬h®m-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿-B≥-˛-l-Zokv
]T-\-ßƒ°pw `mjm-km-ln-Xy-ßƒ°pw Ien-{K-^n-bn-ep≈ ]T-\ -]-
cn-io-e-\-ßƒ°pw ]≈n-°q-S-ßƒ {]mapJyw \¬In-t∏m-∂p.
Ckvem-anI hnZym-`ymk Ncn{Xw {i≤n-°p-tºmƒ aIvX_pIƒ
({]m-Y-anI hnZym-e-b-ßƒ) {it≤-b-am-Wv. AXv Hcp \ne-bn¬ ]≈n
kvIqfp-I-fn(Mosque Schools)se -]-T\]cn-io-e-\-ß-fpsS XpS¿®tbm
hn]p-e-\tam Bbn-cp-∂p. a‡-_p-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw {]k-c-
W-hp-ta¬°mØ {]tZ-i-ßƒ Ckvem-anI cmjv{S-Øn¬ A∂v \s∂-
°p-d-hm-bn-cp-∂p. knknen F∂ \K-c-Øn¬ am{X-ambn 600˛¬]cw
a‡-_p-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂p F∂m-W-dn-hv. Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI hnπ-
h-Øns‚ {]`mXw-t]mse ]pXnb DW¿hpw Bth-i-hp-a-Wn™v Bbn-
c-°-W-°n\v At[y-Xm-°ƒ Ahn-S-ß-fn¬ ]Tn-°m-s\-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn
Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb C_v\m-bn-°¬ hnkva-b-]q¿hw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. A_vZp¬lminw _em°n F∂ hn{ipX hnZym-`ymk {]Nm-c-
I≥ (A-t±lw Hcp {KŸ-Im-c≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p) Xs‚ aIvX-_n¬
ap∆m-bn-c-Øn¬]cw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ HtcImeØv A`y-kn-®n-cp∂p F∂v
km`n-am\w A\p-kva-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
XnI®pw Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw imkv{Xo-b-hp-am-bn-cp∂p ]T-\-co-Xn-Iƒ.
Ah {]tbm-K-£-ahpw BZ¿i-]-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipń-bn-ep≈ k¿K-
`m-h-ßsf {]Im-in-∏n-°m\pw kXy-k-‘-X-tbm-sS, Du¿P-kz-e-X-tbm-
sS, [¿a-\n¿h-l-W-\n-jvT-tbmsS Pohn-X-kv]q¿Øn ssIh-cn-°m\pw
hnZym- ` ymkw klm- b - I - a m- I Ww F∂pw \njv I ¿jn- ° - s ∏- ´ p. Hcp
hnizmkn {]mb- ] q¿Øn- b mIp- t ºm- t g°pw a\- nse A[- a - h n- I m- c -
ßsf AXn-P-bn-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw KpWm-KpW hnNn-¥-\-ti-jnbpw
Ah-\n¬ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ A∂sØ hnZym-`ymkw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p.
hnZym-`ymkw XnI®pw PohnX_‘n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a\x-kw-kvI-c-W-Øn\v
207
klm-bn-°mØ hnZym-`ymkw tIhew hrYm-hr-Øn-bmbn Icp-X-s∏-

´ -Im-ew. ssZhw a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ kq£n-®p-sh® {]Im-i-amWv
Adnhv F∂ {]t_m-[\w B alm-e-£y-Øn-te°v hnc¬Nq≠p-∂p.
hnZym-`ymkw sIm≠v hy‡n°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw H∂pw ssIh-cp-∂n-
s√-¶n¬ ]Tn-®-h≥t]mepw \nc-£-c-\mbn Icp-X-s∏´ Imew. ""IÆp-
s≠-¶nepw Ah≥ A‘-\m-Wv. ImXp-s≠-¶nepw Ah≥ _[n-c-\m-
Wv. Ahs‚ PohnXw \nµyhpw \nIr-jvShpamWv''F∂v {]hm-N-I≥
]e-hpcp kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
""{]m¿Yn-°p-I: \mYm, F\n°p \o hn⁄m\w h¿[n-∏n®pXtc-
Wta'' (20: 114). Fs∂ F\n°pw kaq- l - Ø n\pw Ime- Ø n\p
Xs∂bpw {]tbm-P-\-Im-cn-bm°n amt‰-Wta F∂ lrZ-bw-K-a-amb
{]m¿Y-\. Hcp-]mSv ]Tn®p F∂p `mhn-°p-Ibpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-bp-a-
√, AXn-\-∏pdw AIØpw ]pdØpw hgn-™p-\n¬°p∂ A‘-Im-c-
ßsf ambv°p-hm≥ ]T\w klm-bn®p F∂v kwXr-]vXn-sIm-≈m≥
km[n- ° p- I - b m- W m- h - i yw. CXn- \ memWv Dt±- i y- e - £ y- ß ƒ
km£m¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v D]-bp-‡-amIpw hn[w hnZym-`ym-k-coXn
Bkq-{XWw sNø-s∏S-W-sa∂v \njvI¿jn-t°≠n hcp-∂Xv.
hnZym-`ymkw A∂v Xo¿Øpw kuP-\y-am-bn-cp-∂p. [\nI˛Zcn{Z
hyXym-k-an-√m-sX, {]mtZ-inI t`Z-ß-fn-√m-sX, kI-e¿°pw kam-h-
k-c-ßƒ \¬In-s°m-≠p≈ hnZym-e-bm-¥-co-£w. hntZ-iob hnZym¿Yn-
Iƒt]mepw A`y-k-\-Øn-\m-sb-Øn. hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Xma-kn®p ]Tn-
°m-\p≈ hk-Xn-Iƒ(-d-kn-U≥jy¬ Izm¿t´gvkv) hnZym-e-b-ßƒ°-
Sp-Øm-bn-Øs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A∂sØ hnZym-e-b-ß-fpsS kap-∂X
amXrI a\- n-em-°m≥, C∂pw {]h¿Øn-®p-t]m-cp∂ Za-kvI-knse
{]Jym-X-amb aZvd-k-Xp-∂q-cnø am{Xw aXn-bm-Ipw. AXns‚ ÿm]-
I≥ Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-Øn¬ Ah-Kmlw t\Snb Camw \qdp-±o≥
ilo-Zm-bn-cp-∂p. A∂Xv temI-{i-≤-bm-I¿jn® AXyp-∂-X- hnZym
tI{µ- a m- b n- c p∂p. temIk©m- c nbmb C_v \ p l_o_v Fgp- X nb
bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw:
""\qdp-±o≥ iloZv ÿm]n® Cu hnZym-ebw temtIm-Ø-cw-. A-
hn-iz-k-\o-b-amb sIńS Kcn-a. hnZym-e-bm-h-iym¿Yw ip≤-P-e-hm-ln-
\n-bmb Hcp I\m¬ \n¿an-®-Xmbn I≠p. AXv Hgp-In-sb-Øp-∂n-SØv
H∂mw-X-c-samcp Pe-[m-c-. -]ns∂bXv c≠v Acp-hn-I-fm-bn-∏n-cn-bp-∂p.
Ah c≠pw Ccp-]p-d-ß-fn-embn hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ ]mZm-¥n-I-sØ-Øp-
∂p. AhnsS c≠n-SØpw Hmtcm Iq‰≥ Pe-kw-`-c-Wn-Iƒ. \n¿amW
208
Nmcp-X -h-iyw. hn]p-e-amb ¢mkv-ap-dn-Iƒ, Ãm^v dqw, `£-W-im-e-

Iƒ, hn{i-ame-b-ßƒ, hnt\m-Z-th-Zn-Iƒ, {KŸ-∏p-c-Iƒ, A[ym]-I-
h-k-Xn-Iƒ! hnZy-bpsS hne-b-dn-bmØ cmPyØv hnkva-b-I-c-amb Hcp
\mK-cn-I-X apJ-]Sw \o°n shfn°v hcp∂p!''
tUm. apkvX-^- n-_m-C-bpsS Some Glittering Aspects of the Is-
lamic Civilization F∂ {KŸw as‰mcp alm-hn-Zym-e-bsØ ]cn-N-b-
s∏-Sp-Øp∂p:
""PmanA Akvl¿-. -{]-[m\ Bcm-[\m tI{µ-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®p
Xs∂-bmWv hnZym-ebw. ]≈n°p Np‰pw dphmJv F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-
s∏-Sp∂ hk-Xn-Iƒ. AhnsS hntZ-iob hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ-˛-kn-dn-b-°m¿,
Xp¿°n-Iƒ, kpUm-\n-Iƒ, Cdm-Jn-Iƒ, ^nen-ss∏\n-Iƒ˛ {]tXyI
kaq- l - ß - f mbnØs∂ kuI- c y- ] q¿hw Xma- k n- ® p- h - c p- ∂ p. hnZym-
`ymkw kuP-\y-am-sW∂p am{X-a-√, Zcn-{Z-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ°v a‰p hnth-
N-\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√m-sX kvtImf¿jn-∏p-Ifpw ssÃ∏‚p-Ifpw G¿s∏-
Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. hnZym-e-b-Øn-\v, Cuiz-c-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-t∂mWw ka¿∏n-
°-s∏-Sp∂ kzØphl-I-fpsS hcp-am-\-Øn¬\n-∂mWv sNe-h-{Xbpw
\n¿h-ln-®p-t]m-∂-Xv.''
{][m-\m-[ym-]-Is‚ \nb-a-\-Øn-\p≈ am\-Zfiw Xs∂ B ÿm-
]-\-ß-fpsS Kcn-a-°p≈ \nZm-\-am-Wv. kIeP\ -k-amZc-Wobcmb
alm-hy-‡n-I-fmWv hnZym-e-b-ß-fpsS kmc-Yo-]Zw Ae-¶-cn-®p-t]m-∂-
Xv. Camw \h-hn, C_v\p em-lv, Pem-ep-±o≥ kp_p-In, Cam-Zp-±o≥
XpS-ßnb {]mX-kva-c-Wo-b-cmb alm-a-Xn-Iƒ Ah-cn¬ Nne-cm-Wv.
Za-kvI-knse lZokv hnZym-e-b-Ønse BNm-cy-∑m-cpsS ap∂n¬
kwi-b-\n-hr-Øn°pw Zm¿i-\n-I sshi-Zy-ßƒ°pw- th≠n AI-e-
ß-fn¬\n∂p-t]mepw ⁄m\-]n-]m-kp-Iƒ hs∂-Øm-dp-≠v. K m-en,
iodm-kn, Camw A¬-l-d-ssa≥, A√ma Kkm-_n, JXo_v Xn_vco-
kn, Jkvho-\n, ^ntdm-km-_mZn XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv _KvZm-Znse aZvdkm
{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ cq]-hn-[m-Xm-°ƒ F∂v Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-
≠v. Ah-cn¬ ]e-cp-sSbpw Jp¿-B≥-˛-l-Zokv hymJym-\-ßƒ aX-]-
fin-X-∑m-cpsS Ah-ew-_-{K-Ÿ-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
BZyIme-ß-fn¬ A[ym-]-I¿ thX-\w-t]mepw kzoI-cn-°msX
Hc¿∏Ww F∂ \ne-°m-bn-cp-∂p hnZym-hrØn \n¿h-ln-®p-t]m-∂Xv.
F∂m¬ Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS hk-¥-Im-e-Øv kap-∂X ]T\
tI{µ-ßƒ hym]-I-am-b-t∏mƒ, hnZym-hrØn ssZhn-I-am-sW∂v P\-
209
kmam\yw Icp-Xn-h-∂-t∏mƒ, Af-h‰ kzØpw kºØpw ÿm]-\-

ßƒ°v hJv^v coXn-bn¬ Inńbt∏mƒ A[ym-]-I¿°v thX\w \¬I-
W- s a∂ i‡- a mb A`n- { ]mbw apkv e nwI- f n¬\n∂p- b ¿∂p- h - ∂ p.
F∂m¬ Xßsf iº-f-°m-cm°n am‰p-∂-Xn¬ A[ym-]-I¿°v hn{]-
Xn-]-Øn-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. AXv hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ hnip≤n sISp-Øn-
tb-°ptam F∂v Ah-cm-i-¶n®p. F¶nepw HSp°w Ah¿°v P\m-`n-
{]m-b-Øn-\p- ap-∂n¬ hg-tß-≠n-h-∂p.
hnZym¿Yn- P o- h n- X - I m- e - Ø p- X s∂ Akm- [ m- c - W - a mb Ign- h p- I ƒ
{]I-Sn-∏n-®p-t]m-∂-hsc Is≠Øn AXXv hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ Xs∂
A[ym-]-I-cmbn \nb-an-°p∂ Hcp hnti-j-k-{º-Zmbw A∂v \ne-hn-
ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hne-Iq-Sn-bXv ssItamiwhcm-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ "hnip-≤-
kzm¿Y' k{ºZmbw. F∂m¬ AØcw \nb-a\ßƒ t]mepw I¿i-
\-amb KpW hntim[\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-ń-cp∂p.
Ncn{Xw Hcp kµ¿`sØ Cßs\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p:
lmdq≥ dio-Zns‚ `cWImew. A∂m-ńse No^v PÃn-kmbn \nb-
an-°-s∏´ A_q-l-\o^ BZyw Hcp A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-
Øns‚ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ Akm-[m-c-W-amb anIhv ImWn® A_q-bq-
kp-^ns\ AtX hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ Xs∂ A[ym-]-I-\mbn \nb-an-°-
W-sa∂v A_q-l-\o^ a\- p-sIm-≠p-d-∏n-®p. At±-l-Øn\v A_q-
bq-kp-^n-t\mSv h√mØ hm’-ey-am-bn-cp∂p. ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mƒ
A_q-l-\o-^-bpsS a\- -dn™ hnZym-e-b-km-c-Yn-Iƒ A_q-bq-kp-
^ns\ A[ym-]-I-\m-bn \nb-an-°m≥ Bh-iy-am-bXp sNbvXp. A_q-
l-\o-^-bn-ep≈ aXn∏pw t_m[yhpw sIm≠v A_q-bq-kp-^ns\ a‰p
am\-Z-fi-ßƒ shs®m∂pw ]cn-tim-[n-®n-√. hnh-c-a-dn™ A_q-l-
\o^ kmcYo k`°pap∂n¬ Xs‚ h’e injys\ hnfn-∏n®v Hcp
]co£ \S-Øn. anSp°v sXm´-dn-bm≥ t]mcp∂ H∂mw-Xcw A©p
tNmZy-ßƒ. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ B ]co-£-bn¬ hnP-bn-°m≥ A_q-
bq-kp-^n\v Ign-™n-√. \nb-a-\-{iaw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ]n≥h-en-°-
s∏-´p. thZ-\-tbm-sS F∂m¬ ZrV-kz-c-Øn¬ A_q-l-\o^ ]d™p:
""aqØp-]-gp-°p-∂-Xn\p aptº DW-ßn-t∏mb êw.''*
ÿm]-\-Øns‚ `mhnbpw `{Z-Xbpw am{X-am-bn-cp∂p am\-Zfiw;
as‰m∂pahnsS apJwImWn-°m-s\-Øm-dn-√.
hyh-km-bw, hmWnPyw XpS-ßnb ùXnI ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS hf¿®-
sb-°mƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ hnIm-k-hr-≤n-Iƒ°m-bn-cp∂p Ckvem-
210
an- I - c mjv { Sw {]mapJyw \¬In- b n- c p- ∂ - X v . CuPn- ] v X v , Za- k v I - k v ,

samkqƒ, ss_Xp¬ aJvZn-kv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \nc-h[n hnZym-e-b-
ßƒ ÿm]n® kzem-lp-±o≥ Aøq-_nbpw kndn-b-bn¬ ]Xn-\m-en¬
]cw hnZym- e - b - ß - f psS Hcp alm- i rw- J e \n¿an® \qdp- ± o\pw
CdmJnepw Jpdm-km-\nepw hym]-I-amb hnZym-`ymk {]Nm-c-W-Øn\v
ap≥ssI-sb-SpØ \nkm-ap¬ ap¬°v Xqknbpw Ah-cn¬ Nne-cm-Wv.
Xqkn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp ]cm-a¿iw {it≤-b-amWv:
""At±lw Xs‚ bm{Xm-th-f-bn¬ FhnsS Hcp alm-{]-Xn-`sb
I≠p-ap-´p-∂pthm AhnsS Hcp hnZym-ebw ]WnXv, B {]Xn-`sb
£Wn-®m-Z-cn®v AXns‚ ÿm\-]-Xn-bm-°pw.''
aZvd-k-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-]-Y-Øn¬ hntizm-Øcw F∂v Io¿Øn-°m-
hp- ∂ Xv _Kv Z m- Z nse \nkm- a n- ø - b m- W v . lnPv d 5˛9 \q‰m- ≠ p- I - f n¬
AsXmcp {]Im-i-tKm-]p-c-am-bn-cp∂p F∂mWv ]e Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-
fnepw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-°m-Wp-∂-Xv. temI-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fn¬\n-
∂p-am-sb-Ønb Bdm-bn-c-Øn¬]cw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Htc-Im-e-Ø-hnsS
A[yb\w sNbv X p- t ]m- ∂ p. kuP- \ y- ] - T \w am{X- a - √ , A¿l- c mb
hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v kmº-ØnI klm-bhpw \¬In-t∏m∂ Hcp alm
ÿm]-\-ambncp∂p \nkmanb.
Hcp bp≤Imew. C_v\p DssaZns‚ `h\w B{I-an-°-s∏-´p. D∂-
X-amb ]Z-hn-Ifpw kar-≤-amb Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-ßfpsa√m-ap-s≠-
¶nepw kwkvIm-c-k-º-∂\pw {KŸ-{]n-b-\p-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. hoSv
sIm≈-b-Sn-°-s∏-´-X-dn™v At±lw hoń-te-t°m-Sn-sb-Øn. Np‰pw
\S∂p t\m°n. ]mdm-hp-Im¿ sIm√-s∏-´-Xm-bn-°-≠p. F√mw Zb-\o-
b- a mw- h n[w sIm≈- b - S n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂p! H∂n- c n- ° m≥ Hcp- ] - I -
cWwt]mepw _m°n-sh-®n-ń-√. ]®-sh≈w tImcn-°p-Sn-°m-\p-]-tbm-
Kn-°p∂ sNdn-b -]m{Xw t]mepw X®pS°s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ AXn-
sem∂pw At±lw hnj-an-®n-√. DXvIWvT Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-ti-J-c-sØ-
°p-dn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ al-Ømb kºmZyw! kmlnXyw, imkv{Xw,
Z¿i\w XpS-ßn F√m hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂
Iq‰≥ {KŸ-ti-Jcw! Hcp \qdv H´-I-ßsf D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬
t]mepw t]dn-am-‰m≥ Ign-bmØ{X hep-∏-ap≈ {KŸ-ti-Jcw!
C_v\p DssaZv [rXn-bn¬ \S∂v {KŸ-∏pc kq£n-∏p-Im-cs\
I≠p. DtZzK-]q¿hw Xnc-°n. B{I-an-Iƒ {KŸ-∏pc sXmń-ń-s√-∂-dn-
™-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øn\v B-izm-k-am-bn. At±lw ]d™p:
211
""as‰√mw ]p\¿\n¿an-°mw, CsXm-gn®v.''

A°m- e Øv {]i- k v X - c mb Fgp- Ø p- I m- c psS ]pkv X - I - ß - t fmSv
A\p-hm-N-I¿ ImWn-®p-t]m∂ A`n-\n-thiw Af-h-‰-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-
cy-Øn¬ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ \¬In-t∏m∂ t{]m’m-l\w {it≤-b-
am-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv A¥p-ep-knse `c-Wm-[n-]≥ {KŸ-{]n-b≥
Iq-Sn-bmb lIw Bbn-cp-∂p. A°m-esØ {]Jym-X-\mb {KŸ-Im-c-
\mbncp∂p A_p¬ ^dPv A¬ Ckv^-lm-\n. At±lw Xs‚ hnJym-
X- a mb "A¬- A - K m\n' F∂ kmln- X y- I rXn Fgp- X n- ]q¿Øo- I - c n-
°m≥ t]mIp∂p F∂-dn™ lIw Hcp ]cn-Nm-c-Is\ hnfn®v Bbncw
Zo\mdpw Hcp IØpw Iøn-te¬]n®v Ckv^-lm-\n-bpsS ASp-tØ-°-
b-®p. IØn¬ Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p:
""{]nb-ap≈ Ckv^-lm-\o,
Xm¶-fpsS ]pXnb ]pkvXIw "A¬AKm\n' Fgp-Xn-]q¿Øn-bm-
hm-dm-sb-∂-dn-™p. F\n°v Hcp {]Xn -th-Ww. {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®m¬ DS≥
Hcp {]Xn Ab-°pI. {]Xn-^-e-ambn Bbncw Zo\m¿ Ab-°p-∂p.''
{KŸandßn NqSm-dp-∂-Xn-\p-aptº Xs∂ hmbn-®m-kz-Zn-°m-\p≈
AZ-ay-amb Xm¬]-cy-w! A°m-esØ kmam-\y-P-\w-t]mepw {]I-Sn-
∏n-®p-t]m∂ Adn-bm\pw Bkz-Zn-°m-\p-ap≈ Af-h‰ Xm¬]cyw Fgp-
Øp-Im¿°v hf-sc-tbsd t{]m’m-l-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. {KŸ-im-e-I-fpsS
hf¿®°pw AXv {]tNm-Z-I-am-bn.
{KŸ-im-e-I-fn-√mØ hnZym-e-b-ßfpw ]´-W-ßfpw Xptemw Ipd-
hm-bn-cp-∂p. a[y-Im-e-bp-K-Øn¬ k¶¬]n-°m≥t]mepw Ign-bmØ
hnkva-b-am-bn-cp∂p Ckvem-an-I-cm-jv{S-Øn¬ I≠Xv.
]e ]≈n-I-fnepw hn]p-e-amb {KŸ-ti-J-c-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kz¥-
ambn Hcp {KŸ-ti-J-c-ap-s≠-∂-`n-am-\n-°m≥ ]e¿°p-a∂v Ign-™n-
cp-∂p. _kd-bnse ]≈n-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ {KŸ-ti-J-c -k-ap-®-b-
Ønse Poh-\-°m¿°pw klm-bn-Iƒ°p-w amk-th-X-\hpw ssÃ∏‚p-
w \¬In-t∏m-∂n-cp∂p F∂v Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fp-≠v.
]Ømw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn® kmln_v C_v\p A∫m-kns‚ {KŸ-
ti-J-c-Øn¬ bqtdm-∏nse F√m sse{_-dn-I-fn-ep-ap-≈{X ]pkvX-I-
ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂mWv Ncn-{X-km-£yw.
temI-\m-K-cn-I-X-bpsS Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ Ckvemw
kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ {]mZp¿`m-h-Im-esØ {KŸ-∏p-c-I-fpsS kº-∂-X°v
212
Xpeyw \n¬°m≥ t]m∂ {KŸm-e-b-ßƒ as‰m-cn-SØpw ImWp-hm≥

km[y-a-√. Hcn-°¬ dønse s]mXp-{K-Ÿm-e-b-Ønse {KŸ-ß-fpsS
hnh-cWw Xøm-dm-°m≥ Nne¿ {ian-®-t∏mƒ _rl-Ømb ]Øp Im‰-
tem-Kp-Iƒ th≠n-h-∂-Xmbn tIń-´p-≠v. _kd-bnse {KŸm-e-b-Øn¬
tPmen sNbv X F{Xtbm ]fin- X - ∑ m¿°v ÿnc- a mbn ssÃ∏‚ v
\¬In-bn-cp∂psh∂mWv Ncn-{X-kq-N-\. Xs‚ `qan-imkv{X \nL-≠p-
hn\v th≠ hkvXp-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°m≥ bmJq-Øv, am¿hn-sebpw Jphm-
cn-kvan-sebpw sse{_-dn-I-fn¬ aq∂p h¿j-°mew Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p-
ht{X! awtKm-fn-b-cpsS B{I-a-W-Im-eØv _KvZm-Zn¬am{Xw FÆ-a‰
kzImcy sse{_- d n- I fpw {]i- k v X - ß - f mb ap∏- Ø n- b mdv s]mXp
sse{_-dn-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. A°m-
eØv [\n- I ∑m¿ kz¥- a mbn sse{_dn D≠m- h pI F∂Xv A¥-
ns‚ `mK-am-bn- I-cp-Xn-t∏m-∂n-cp-∂p. _pJm-d-bnse kp¬Øm≥ Xs‚
sIm´m-c-Øn¬ h∂v Xma-kn-°m≥ Hcp sshZy-hn-im-c-Zs\ £Wn-®p-
sh-¶nepw At±-l-aXp \nc-kn-®p. Imc-Ww, Xs‚ d^-d≥kv {KŸ-
ßƒ sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ \m\qdv H´-I-ßƒ thW-sa∂pw AX-\p-h-Zn-
°m≥ {]bm-k-am-sW-¶n¬ Atßm-´p -h-cm≥ hnj-a-am-sW∂pw sshZy-
hn-im-c-Z≥ Adn-bn-®p-h-s{X. A¬-hmJnZn acn-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚
{KŸ-ßƒ 1200 Bfp-Iƒ°v Npa-°m≥ am{Xw `mcn-®-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂v
Ncn-{X-km-£y-ap-≠v.
_KvZm-Zn-\-Sp-Øp≈ {Kma-Ønse Hcp henb {KŸm-e-bw Jkm\
lnIva-Xv(-hn-⁄m-\ -`fimcw) F∂m-W-dn-b-s∏ńcp∂-Xv. hnZq-c-tZ-i-
ß-fn¬\n-∂p-t]mepw Bfp-Iƒ Ahn-sS-h∂v Xma-kn®v {KŸ-∏pc D]-
tbm- K - s ∏- S p- Ø n. Cu {KŸ- t i- J cw k¿°m- d n- t ‚tXm kaq- l - Ø n-
t‚tXm Bbn-cp-∂n-√. Aen- C_v\p blvb F∂ ⁄mt\m-]m-k-I-
\m-bn-cp∂p Cu kzImcy {KŸ-ti-J-c-Øns‚ DS-a. ssZh-am¿K-Øn-
ep≈ Hcp hnip≤ hn\n-tbmKw t]mse {KŸ-∏p-c-bpsS kIe sNe-
hp-Ifpw At±lw kzbw \n¿h-ln-®p-t]m-∂p.
A_p¬Jmknw PAv ^ ¿, samkqƒ(Mosul) F∂ ÿeØv
hensbmcp {KŸ-∏pc ]Wn-Xv- Zmdp¬ Ckvemw F∂v t]cn-´p. temI-
{i-≤-bm-I¿jn® Hcp hnZym-`ym-k-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI tI{µ-ambn samkqƒ
cq]m- ¥ - c - s ∏- ´ Xv Zmdp¬ Ckv e mw H∂p- s Im- ≠ m- W v . temI- Ø ns‚
\m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ⁄m\-]n-]m-kp-°ƒ Ahn-sS-sb-Øn. hnth-
N-\-an-√, \nb-{¥-W-an-√, \ntcm-[-\-hp-an-√. Adnhv tXSn- h-cp∂ Zcn{Z
hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v Bh-iy-amb tÃj-\dn km[-\-ß-sfms° AhnsS
kuP-\y-ambn \¬I-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. a‰p sNe-hp-Iƒ°mbn \s√mcp XpI
213
ssÃ∏‚pw. cm∏-I¬ t`Z-an-√msX {]h¿Øn-®p-t]m∂ "Ah-[n-bn-√mØ

ÿm]\'ambn- c p∂p AXv . D]- t `m- ‡ m- h ns‚ lnX- Ø n- s \mØv
{]h¿Øn- ° p∂ apgp- k - a b tkh- I ¿ Ahn- s S- b p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p.
Jmkn\p¬ aIvX-_(Stock holder) F∂mWv Ah¿ Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂-
Xv. \√ a\- p≈ Ht´sd sNdp-∏-°m¿ Ahsc klm-bn-°m-\p-≠m-
Ipw. Ahsc "apX-\m-hn¬' F∂mWv hnfn-®p-t]m-∂-Xv. C∂sØ {KŸm-
e-b-im-kv{X-Ønse ]pXp-a-Iƒ t]mepw A∂-hnsS {]tbm-K-Øn-ep-
≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn Kth-j-I-∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
hn{ip-X-amb Hcp \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS [zPhm-l-I-cm-bn-cp∂p apkvenw-
Iƒ. AXn\h-ew_w InS-b-‰Xpw Id-b-‰-Xp-amb hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-
\- ß - f m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ssZh- Ø ns‚ alm- c - l - k y- ß fpw {]]- © - Ø ns‚
kuµcy {]l¿j-ßfpw Adn-™m-kz-Zn-°m\pw AXp-hgn hn[n-]q¿h-
I-amb Pohn-X-kv]q¿Øn°v a\p-jys\ ka¿l-\m-°m\pw Ign-bp∂
hc-Zm-\-amWv hnZy-sb∂v kXy-th-Z-kw-kvIrXn {]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p.
!!!
214

Ckvemw Kwkvirxn: Nne Kuay-Hn-Nm-C-ßƒ

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Ckvemw Kwkvirxn: Nne Kuay-Hn-Nm-C-ßƒ

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Ckvemw kwkvIrXn

Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv

20. Ad^bpsS A¿Y-k-º-∂X ................................................... 140

AXpw \nd™ sshi-Zy-tØmsS

kam-izm-k-Øns‚ Xqh¬kv]¿iw- kw-K-X-am-hp-∂Xv

P\-a-\- p-I-fn-eq∂n hf¿∂ ssZhnIZ¿i\w

h-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ aX-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ {][m\ ]¶v hln-®p. CØcw

]pØ≥ Im‰p-t]mse ]S¿∂p-ho-in. kmam-\y-ambn∏d-™m¬ kXy-

AXp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sm≥ km[n-®n-s√-¶nepw Ahsc [cn-∏n-®Xv euIn-

ssIh-cn-®-X√ kXy-th-Z-Øns‚ A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb {]Nm-c-sa-¶n¬

bp≤-Øn-s‚bpw `oj-Wn-bp-sSbpw `mj-b-h-km-\n-∏n®v kvt\l-˛-ku-

Ime-°d ]pc-fmØ ssIh-ey-kmcw

∂p. taep- ≤ - c n® thZ- { K- Ÿ - ß - f p- a mbn kz]v \ - _ - ‘ w- t ]mepw

⁄-\p-am-Ip-∂p. F√mw Adn-bp-∂-h\pw {]Im-i-Øns‚ {]Im-i-hp-

Zmk-\m-Wv. Aß-bpsS ]mZ-ß-fn¬ \a-kvI-cn-°p∂ Cubp-≈-hs\

At±- l - a Xv ]pd- Ø p- s Im- ≠ p- h - c n- I bpw sNbvXp- h - s {X.

kam-[m-\hpw tIhew aco-NnIIƒ. \ne-°mØ IpSn-∏-I-bmWv Ipe-

tKm{X-hy-h-ÿ-Isf {]Xy-£-Øn-em-{I-an-°p-∂p-sh∂v hcp-ØmsX

cym-X-\-_p-≤nbpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ kzÿX sISp-Øn-°-f™ hymIp-

sFIyw hgn-bp∂ i‡-amb Hcp cmjv{Sw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-

Atd-_y-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn Hcm-Z¿i-cmjv{Sw P∑-

_q-Zm-hq-Zv). Hcm-Z¿i-hn-π-h-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\-w.

]cn Hcm-ﬂob i‡n-bpsS hnkvab km∂n-[y-amWv kXy-th-Z-Øns‚

\oßp∂ Da-dn-t\mSv H-cmƒ ""Jeo-^-bpsS Nm°v Rm≥ Npa-∂p-sIm-

cq]-I¬]\ km[n-®-Xv. hbdv \nd-®p-Æ-cpsX∂pw Hcp `mKw hmbp-

`c-W-hn-[m-\-sØ-bmWv Ckvemw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv. hn{K-l-hn-izm-

h¿Øn-∏n-°m≥ {]hm-N-I\v Ign-™p. Hcp hnip≤ hnπ-h-Øn-s‚,

\y-h-Ømb Hcp ktµiw t_m[\w \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. thZ-]p-kvX-

ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p''(_p-Jm-cn). B kz]v\-ßƒ Ahy-‡-amb Hcp Akzm-

\nbm-a-I-am-Wv. A°m-cy-Øn¬ Zm¿i-\n-I-th-Zn-bn¬ A`n-{]m-b-t`-Z-ß-

sImØn-b-Xp-t]mse a\- n¬ Ipdn-°m≥ Ign™ Iptd t]cp-≠m-

\m¿Yw hs∂-Øp∂ Pn_vco-ens‚ ap∂n¬ {]hm-N-I≥ Jp¿-B≥

Øp-Iƒhsc H‰b-Sn-°n-d-ßp-I-bp≠m-bn-´p-≠v. a°-bn-sebpw aZo-\-bn-

ho´nepw kaq-l-Ønepw kZ- p-I-fnepw Fß-s\-sb√mw s]cp-am-dWw

ep-≈Xpw ⁄m\-k-ºq¿W-am-b-Xp-am-Wv''(43: 4), ""`{Z-ambn AS®p

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´-Xm-bn-´-√msX kw`-hn-°p-∂n-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw AXv

""B alm-i-‡≥(Pn-_vco¬) At±-l-Øn\v AXv ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-

]ca-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-a-b-\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ aln-am-Xn-i-b-

amb hnizm- k m- N m- c - ß - f n¬\n∂v Hcp kaq- l hpw cmjv { S- a m- s I- Ø -

""\mw \n\°v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-X∂ A\p-Kr-loX {KŸ-am-Wn-Xv.

bWw sNø-Ww. Hmtcm hm°pw Hmtcm A£-chpw kv^pS-ambn D®-

°m-Xn-cn-°epw hni-∂p-h-cp∂h\v Blmcw sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°-ep-amWv

Xo¿Øpw ssZhm-[o-\-am-Wv. shfn-]m-S-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬\n∂v apIvXn t\Sp-

k-aqlw hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-hm\pw At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. ]Xn-\mep

°odn Icƒ ]ngp-sX-SpØv Nh-®p-Xp-∏p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnh-c-a-dn™

sb-¶n-eptam t]sc-Sp-Øp-]-d-™n√? apl-Ω-Zns‚ lnXm-ln-X-ß-fmWv

{]t_m-[n-∏n-°m\pw ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Im-\p-ap≈ _m[yXm \n¿h-l-

{]hm-N-IXzw ssZhZØ-am-Wv. AXv e`n-°p-∂-h¿ AXn-\mbn

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ssien F∂Xv Hcm-fpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. Style is the

hmXn¬∏m-fn-bn-eqsS AIw I≠-t∏mƒ

Xo¿Y {]bm-Ww. AXv a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ al-Ø-a-amb Hcp Xo¿Y-

kvanØv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. ""am‰n-a-dn-°-ep-Iƒ°-Xo-X-am-b, kzbw ]q¿W-

Øn\pw AXn-\p-a-∏pdw A\p-≤ym-\-Øn-\p-am-Wv. Jp¿-Bs‚ {]mY-anI

a\x-km-£n-bp-sa-√mw. Ah-cpsS kao-]-\-Ønepw at\m`mh-Ønepw